英文写作必不可少之过渡词和衔接词
过渡词语的运用:句子之间的起、承、转、合等关系的表达是写作中的重要一环。恰当地使用这些过渡词语可使句子之间的关系清晰明了，使行文通顺流畅。
为了突出文章的层次感和逻辑性，文章应尽量使用过渡词，即表示起承转合的词汇。过渡词有利于考生表达自己的思想，更有利于使阅卷老师顺畅地阅读考生的作文，制造清晰的得分机会。考生绝不可轻视过渡词或衔接词的作用。根据在文章中的作用，现在将过渡词总结如下：
一、表逻辑上的先后顺序(expressions enumerating or stressing facts)
1) 首先first，firstly，in the first place，in the first instance，to begin with
2) 其次secondly，in the second place
3) 最后，最重要的是at last，finally，last，lastly，most importantly
4) 最后但并非最不重要的(一点)是，最后要说的是last but not least
二、表递进关系(addition expressions)
1) (副词)也；而且，还also，too，besides
2) (并列连接词)而且and
3) 此外in addition to，apart from
4) 此外furthermore，what’s more
5) 不仅……而且……not only…but also…
6) 既……又……，也both…and…，as well as
三、表转折或比较关系(expressions of contrast or comparison)
1) (并列连接词)但是but
2) (副词)然而(and)yet，while，whereas
3) (副词)然而nevertheless，however
4) (从属连接词)尽管，虽然though，although
5) 相反，正相反，恰恰相反to the contrary，on the contrary，quite the contrary
6) 与……形成对比，与……截然不同in contrast with／to
7) 相反(but)rather
8) 反而，代替，而不是instead，instead of
9) 毕竟after all
10) 同样地equally，likewise，similarly
四、表例证关系(exemplification expressions)
1) 也就是说namely，that is，that is to say
2) 例如for example，for instance
3) 举例来说to illustrate
4) 例如such as
5) 以……为例(来说)take…as an example
五、表因果关系(cause and effect expressions)
1) (后接表原因的从句)因为because
2) (后接表原因的并列分句)因为for
3) 因为……because of…，,owing to…，on account of…
4) 因为这个那个，这些那些原因for this(that，these，those)reason(s)
5) (从句1)为了……in order that
6) (副词)因此，所以thus，hence，therefore
7) 那么then
8) 结果(是)as a result；so that(后接表结果的从句)
9) 因此，结果(是)consequently
10) 因此，相应地(就)accordingly
六、表观点(viewpoint expressions)
1) 在我看来in my opinion，in my view
2) 我本人认为，我个人的看法是personally，as far as I'm concerned
3) 我认为I think(that从句)，as a rule
4) 一般来说generally(speaking)，in general
5) 坦率地说frankly speaking，to be frank
七、表强调(expressions stressing facts or adding force)
1) 显而易见obviously，apparently，clearly，certainly
2) 肯定地，当然surely，to be sure，of course
3) 事实上，实际上，真正地actually，as a matter of fact，indeed
4) 自然地naturally
5) 毫无疑问no doubt，undoubtedly
八、表时间关系(expressions of time references)
1) 首先first
2) 起初at first
3) 然后，后来，在那之后，随后then，later，after that，afterwards，consequently
4) 同时，与此同时at the same time，in the meantime，meanwhile
5) 最后finally，at last
6) 最终，最后eventually，ultimately
7) 就在那以后(不久)just then，shortly after that，immediately after that
8) 不久，很快before long，soon
9) 从那以后from then on
10) 从现在起from now on
11) 暂时，暂且for the time being
12) 在以后／未来的日子里in the days to come
13) 在下星期／月in the coming week／month
九、表空间位置(space expressions)
1) 在……的左／右边on the left／right of．．．
2) 在……(的)旁边besides…
3) 在……的前边in front of
4) 在……(内部的)前面in the front of
5) 在……的顶部at the top of
6) 在……的底部at the bottom of
7) 在……里面；在室内inside…，indoors
8) 在……外面；在室外outside，outdoors
9) 在附近nearby
10) 在……附近，在……隔壁，靠近……next to
十、表总结(summary expressions)
1) 简而言之all in all，in brief，in short
2) 总的说来，总之in conclusion，to sum up，to conclude，to summarize
3) 总之，一句话in a word，in one word
4) 长话短说，简而言之to make／cut a long story short
5) 最后(要讲的是)finally，ultimately
6) 从根本上来讲essentially
英语作文的连接词和过渡词 一) 作文连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。 （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, mean while, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等。（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。 （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what，s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。 二）作文过渡词 1、表示时间的 At first 起初 next 接下来
1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子 (1)To begin with首先 例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.”首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。” (2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说 例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.”总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。” (3)First of all第一，首先 例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.”第一，居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。” (4)With (the development/progress/growth) of(economy/society)…随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长)… 例：With the development of society, women’s role has become more imp ortant than ever before in daily life.”随着社会的发展，妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。” (5)Recently近来 例：Recently，the problem (conflict, production) of grain shortage has become the world focus.”近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。” 2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子 (1)In conclusion最后，在结束时 例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.”最后，应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。”
英语写作过渡性词语大全 (1)表示增加的过渡词： also, and, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover, again, on top of that, another, first/second/third等。 (2)表示时间顺序的过渡词： now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, gradually, suddenly, finally等。 (3)表示空间顺序的过渡词： near(to), far(from), in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right/ left, around, outside等。 (4)表示比较的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as等。 (5)表示对照的过渡词： but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, even though等。 (6)表示结果和原因的过渡词： because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then, thus, otherwise等。 (7)表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that等。 (8)表示强调的过渡词： in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat, above all, most important等。 (9表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for actually等 10)表示总结的过渡词： finally, at last, in conclusion, as I have shown, in other word, in brief, in short, in general, on the whole, as has been stated等。 二：提高听力的七个网上美语电台及收听指导 如果你真的想记住你所听到的内容，那么： 1. 你要确定你的兴趣是什么，它对你来说值不值得一听。 2. 真正用心听，集中精力听那些你想记忆的重要信息。 3. 不要把精力放在个别单词上，一定要听文章的全貌。只要你抓住了全文的意思，听不清或听不懂个别词也没关系。 4. 听完广播之后，立即做一做自我测试，检验你能回忆起多少听过的内容。 5. 把你从电台听到的东西向别人复述。 6. 找个朋友一起听。广播结束后，你和他可以谈谈所听的内容，看看你们听到的一不一样。 7. 如果你想隔较长时间再回忆你所听的内容，那么你最好把你所听的要点记录下来。 通过上面的种种方法，只要你能勤加练习就可以在短时间内突破广播英语，记住听完了以后一定要及时整理、检验你的成果，不能放到一边，否则你很难达到令你满意的水平。最后，向大家推荐练习口语听力7个网上美语电视台： 1、美国C-SPAN： 2美国NASA电视台： 3、美国一号电视台：
英语四级写作翻译常用过渡词 1. 文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语to begin with (首先); generally speaking (总体上讲); first of all (第一，首先); in the first place (首先) 2. 文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语therefore, thus (因此); in conclusion (最后); in brief, in a nutshell (简言之); to sum up (总而言之); in a word (总之) 3. 常用表示先后次序的过渡词语first (第一);second (第二);next (其次，然后); eventually (最后，最终) since then (自此以后); afterward (以后，随后); meanwhile (同时) therefore (因而); immediately (立刻); finally (最后，最终) 4. 常用表示因果关系的过渡词语Accordingly (于是); for this reason (由于这个原因); as a result of (由……的结果); in this way (这样); consequently (结果，因此); due to(由于……);Therefore (因而); because of (因为); thus (这样) 5. 常用表示比较和对比的过渡词语In contrast with (和……成对照); similarly (同样); whereas (然而); on the contrary (相反); different from (与……不同); likewise (同样); equally important (同样重要); on the other hand (另一方面) 6. 常用表示举例的过渡词语 A case in point (恰当的例子); for example (举例); namely/that is (即，这就是说); for instance (举例)
①【常见开篇句】 1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth.... (e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.) 2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A (e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.) …… ②【常见段首句】 1) According to/In the opinion (eye) of/From the viewpoint of some (those) people, the issue in question is... (e.g. In the opinion of some old people, traditional modes of thought are the touchstone by which to tell good from bad.)
英语连接词 连接词的意义分类 表递进 moreover, in addition, what is more ，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc. 表转折 however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. 表层次 on the one hand, ... on the other hand; first, ... second, ... finally; 表强调 firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ... etc. 表强调 in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently, 表结果 evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc. 表结尾 therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc. 表例举 in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc. 表强调 still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly. 表比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 表对 比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 表列举 for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), to illustrate. 表时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. first after a few days eventually at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on 表顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important. 表可能 presumably, probably, perhaps. 表解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 表递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again. 表让步 although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen. 表转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately. whereas 表原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. 表结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence. 表总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. 其他类型连接词
英语作文常见过渡词 (1)表并列关系的过渡词: and, not only…but also, both …and, either …or, neither…nor (2)表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition(加之，除……之外), moreover(此外，而且), what’s more (3)表转折对比的过渡词: but, however, although, on the one hand …on the other hand, some…others… (4)表原因的过渡词: because, because of, thanks to, due to(由于) (5)表结果的过渡词: so, therefore, as a result, so that, so…that, such…that (6)表条件的过渡词: if, unless, as/so long as (7)表时间的过渡词: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, from then on, at the same time, finally, at last, form now on, at present (8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词: first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, above all,
first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last (9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say (10)表进行举例说明的过渡词: for example, like, such as (11)表陈述事实的过渡词: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth (12)表强调的过渡词: above all, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, obviously (13)表目的的过渡词: for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to (14)表总结的过渡词: in a word(总之，简言之), in conclusion, in summary
2、a) 等。 b) 等。 c) 等。英语作文常用过渡词 1、过渡词常用于段落的开头—。常用于段落开头的过渡词有： Gen erally speak in g/ It toes without say ing that/ Everybody knows that/ As is known to all/ As the proverb says/ As the saying goes/ It is true that/ Prese ntly/ Rece ntly/ Lately … 过渡词常用于句子间的衔接。经常使用的转折词和连接词有： 用连接词表示地点:there, here, nearby, beyond, above, under 用连接词表示时间：now, soon, then, immediately, before long 用连接词表示举例：for example, for instanee, thus, that is, 用连接词连接句子：however, but, still, in spite of, n evertheless 等。 e) 用转折词表示结果：therefore, as a result, eonsequently, for this reason, hence 等。 f) 用连接词附加前面的内容：also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, further, aga in 等。 g) 用转折词表示前后顺序：first, seco nd, third, last, the former, the latter, i n the first place, next 等。 3、过渡词常用于段落间的过渡。常用于段落间的过渡词有：
高分英语作文必备 过渡词 同义高级词汇表达 过渡词在写作中起着承上启下的作用，它的恰当使用让文章 内容更流畅，条理更清晰，结构更合理。同时高考英语写作满分 的评判条件就是，是否有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文 结构紧凑。据此过渡词的使用在写作中起着至关重要的作用。我 们在选用过渡词的时候， 尽量做到 无痕化 ，达到启承转合的效果。 衔接要“巧”， 过渡要“妙” 类别 1：良好的启下开端 It's said that... 据说 ?? As we all know that... It's well known that... As/So far as I know... It is clear/obvious that... Nowadays , At present, Knowing /Seeing that ? 听说， With the development of ?随着什么的发展 With the Spring Festival approaching/around the corner/ ?随着什 么临近 类别 2：自然的承上拓展 first/firstly 第一 first of all 首先 to begin/start with in the first place second/secondly next 其次；然后 and then 于是；然后 类别 3：详细的并 列补充 also/too/as well 也；同样；而且 both...and... ??和 ?? either...or... 要么 ??要么 ?? neither...nor... 既不 ??也不 ?? not 我们都知道 ?? 众 所周知 ?? 据我所 知 ?? ??是显而易见 的 现在 首先 首先 第二
英语书面表达中过渡词的使用 文：佚名来源：新浪博客时间：2008-7-7 9:35:53 点击：903 高考英语书面表达的评分原则中有五个档次，这五个档次对过渡性词语的使用都有明确的规定。 过渡性词语的恰当使用不仅关系到书面表达的质量，而且直接影响着考生书面表达的成绩。为此，笔者特意总结了高考中常用的过渡性词语，并利用近两年的高考题进行有针对性的训练，希望对考生有所帮助。 一、过渡词的种类 1. 根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类： （1）表并列关系的过渡词: and, also, as well, as well as，or, too, not only ... but also, both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor （2）表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover (此外，而且), what’s more（更重要的是），what’s worse（更糟糕的是） （3）表转折对比的过渡词： but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), although, despite, in spite of, whereas（而）, unlike, nevertheless（然而）, not only ... but also here ... there,years ago ... today, this ... that, the former ... the latter, then ... now, the first ...whereas the second, once ... now, on the one hand ... on the other hand, some ... others （4）表原因的过渡词: because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to（由于） （5）表结果的过渡词: so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby（从而）, hence（因此）, so ... that, such ... that （6）表条件的过渡词: if, unless, on condition that（条件是）, as/ so long as（只要） （7）表时间的过渡词: when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards（事后）, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, from now on, at present, immediately, the moment （8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词: first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s) （后来）, meanwhile（几乎同时）, thereafter （在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（终于） （9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way （10）表进行举例说明的过渡词: for instance, for example, like, such as （11）表陈述事实的过渡词:
写作常用的过渡词语和短语，根据意思和作用的不同，可以分为以下十一类： 1) 用以解释的过渡词，比如：now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact 1. The problem, in this case, is hard to solve. 2. Furthermore, several people telephoned the same night. 2) 表示强调的过渡词，如：certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important 1. Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable. 2. Above all, do not build an open fire in a forest. 3) 表示限制的过渡词but, however, although, though, yet, except for 1. Yet there was still a chance that he would win. 2. Except for one girl, all the hikers returned. 4) 用以举例的过渡词for example, for instance, thus, such, next 1. For instance, a telegram often costs more than a telephone call. 2. Thus the trip finally began. 5) 表示递进或补充的过渡词in addition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet 1. In addition, the tour stops in Vancouver. 2. Furthermore, the time for registration has been extended. 6) 表达顺序的过渡词first, second, third, afterward(s)（后来）, meanwhile（几乎同时）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（终于） 1. First, you mail in an application. Second, you ask for an appointment. Third, you send them three personal references.
（1）表并列关系的过渡词: and, also， as well, as well as，or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor （2）表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what’s more，what’s worse （3）表转折对比的过渡词： yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in s pite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, years ago…today, the former…the latter, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others （4）表原因的过渡词: because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to（由于）（5）表结果的过渡词: so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that （6）表条件的过渡词: if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as （7）表时间的过渡词: when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment （8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词: first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)（后来）, meanwhile （几乎同时）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（终于）（9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way （10）表进行举例说明的过渡词: for instance, for example, like, such as （11）表陈述事实的过渡词: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth （12）表强调的过渡词: certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously （13）表比较的过渡词： like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to （14）表目的的过渡词： for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to （15）表总结的过渡词: in a word(总之，简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary
【高考英语】 英语作文高级过渡词汇总1英语作文高级过渡词 1.It's said that... 据说…… 2.As we all know that... 我们都知道…… 3.It's well known that... 众所周知…… 4.As/So far as I know... 据我所知…… 5.It is clear/obvious that... ……是显而易见的 6.to begin with 首先 7.in conclusion 最后 8.in brief，in a nutshell 简言之 9.in a word 总之 10.however 然而;可是 11.in spite of 不管;不顾 12.instead 代替;相反 13.nevertheless 然而;不过 14.on the contrary 正相反 15.otherwise 否则;另外 16.regardless of 不管;不顾 17.still 依然;仍然 18.though 虽然;可是 19.in contrast 相反;大不相同
20.in contrast to 与……形成对照 2英语作文高级过渡词加分句 1、表起始的过渡语有to begin with, according to, so far, as far as等。例如： 1)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things. 2、表时间的过渡语有first/firstly, in the meantime, at the same time, for the first time, ever since, while, shortly after, the next moment, nowadays, at present, before long, in the future等。例如： 2)After that I went to No. 8 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. 3)Firstly, the technology of … secondly, people’s income has…Thirdly, mobile phones are… 3、表空间的过渡语有on the right/ left, to the right/ left of, on one side of… on the other side of …，at the foot/ top/ end of, in the middle/ center of等。例如： 4)On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library. 4、表因果的过渡语有thanks to, thus, therefore, as a result(of…)，with the help of…，owe …to…等。例如： 5)The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.
英语写作常见衔接过渡词汇的使用及巩固练习
quality. 9 (表总结) whatever we do, do pay attention to the balance of the speed and VIII. 阅读短文，选择适当的过渡性词汇填空。 (as we all know, only in this way, surely, therefore, in my opinion, however, as well as, besides ) ______, we are what we eat. ______, it’s a very important for us to form healthy eating habits. ______, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will ______ do harm to our health. To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit ______ main food. ______, we’d better have meals regularly. ______, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. ______ can we have enough energy to study better. 【参考答案】 VII. 1. first 2. Otherwise 3. In addition 4. For example / For instance 5. What’s more 6. For another example 7. As a result 8. On the other hand 9. In conclusion/In a word VIII. As we all know, Therefore, However, surely, as well as, Besides, In my opinion, Only in this way.
Transition words ●Chronological Relations now, nowadays; when, before, after, while, during; between… and …; in …(year); since…; later, afterwards, earlier, formerly; from then on; at the turn of the century (decade); in the first half of the century; in the 1990s; at birth, in childhood, in infancy, in adolescence, as an adult, in adulthood, in old age, at death; simultaneously, simultaneous with, at the same time as, the former, the latter, previous, previously, prior to, first, second; in the first place, in the second place; to begin with, next, then, subsequently, in the next place; in conclusion, finally, lastly, in the end ●Process Descriptions first(ly), then, once, next, until, as soon as, lastly, as, at this point, before, while, at the same time, after, when ●Spatial Relationships 1) where; 2) in which, to which, from which; 3) under, over, inside, beside, on top of; 4) along, through, as far as; 5)north, northern, south, southern; 6) to the left, to the right, to the north; 7) at the back, in front, at the middle; adjacent to 邻近的；毗邻parallel rectangle corresponding to parallel to semicircle 半圆形 Slope Distance perpendicular to 垂直的；成直角的 Midpoint plane水平；平面Space Interior Opposite Surface Diagonal Overlapping Vertical 垂直的；直立；顶端Edge Pyramid Horizontal水平的 limit exterior Intersection 交叉点；相交点●Giving Specific Details For example As an illustration For instance In one instance For one thing In this instance To illustrate As an example In other words Take (sth as) example As follows In practice Let me illustrate According to statistics Let me cite as proof According to statistics evidence