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英国文学

英国文学
英国文学

英国文学复习资料

1 Old and medieval period中古时期

1 The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)

The Story of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》:the poetry represents the highest achievement of the old english.

2 The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章

romance 传奇文学代表作:《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》高文爵士和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗

3 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟

1、the father of English poetry and english fiction 英国诗歌之父

2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)

3、代表作:《the Canterbury Tales 》坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)

大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体

小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.

这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。

小说观点:he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。

4 Popular Ballads 大众民谣 a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)

Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上).

歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式

代表人物:Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔

2、The Renaissance 文艺复兴时期(14世纪到16世纪中期) (Greek and

Roman)戏剧drama 诗章canto

总述:The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences. English literature developed with a great speed in Elizabethan period. The most distinctive achievement is the drama.the lyrical poetry(抒情诗)also develops and is remarkable for its variety and freshness and romantic feelings.

文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。戏剧发展最为明显,抒情诗也发展较快以其多样,新鲜和浪漫的感情著称。

(文艺复兴,斯宾塞诗体,夸饰文体p104)

1、key work: humanism 人文主义:admire human beauty and human achievement

代表作家

诗歌poem

1) Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人he is the most interesting poet of the first half of 16th ventury and

the first to introduce the sonnet into english literature. sonnet(十四行诗):form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter

2) sir Philip Sidney 菲利普锡德尼爵士1554-1586英格兰诗人

《Astrophel and stella 》爱星者与星《apology for poetry》诗辩

3) Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人) poet laureate 桂冠诗人

《The Fairy Queen》仙后(epic poem 史诗) 《the Shephearde's calendar》牧羊人日历

散文prose

1) Thomas More 托马斯莫尔1478 -1535 《utopia》乌托邦:ideal society

2) Francis Bacon 佛朗西斯培根,1561-1626

He was England's first essayist ,his essays are the first true english prose classic,他是第一为英国散文作家,他的散文是第一个真正的英国散文经典《essays》随笔

3) John Lyly 约翰黎里英国1553-1606 《eupheus》尤弗伊斯 euphuism 夸饰文体

戏剧drama

1) Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛blank verse(无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。

He was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the "university wits"大学才子,he first made blank verse the principle instrument of english drama.his works paved the way for the plays of the greatest english dramatist :Shakespeare

2)William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚 1564-1616莎士比亚是英国文学史上最具影响力的作家,也是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作家,他将英国戏剧创作推向顶峰,他主张戏剧不受三一律:the three unities束缚,他的十四行诗代表着伊丽莎白时期诗歌创作的最高成就,围绕友情和爱情两个方面,采用抑扬格五音部lambic pentam eter.在他22年创作生涯中,共有37戏剧,154 十四行诗和两首长诗。

四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)

四大戏剧《a midsummer night's dream》仲夏夜之梦《as you like it》皆大欢喜《merchant of Venice》威尼斯商人《the twelfth n ight》第十二夜

3) ben Johnson 本琼森1572-1637 《Volpone》狐狸

3 the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复

文学特点:the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。玄学metaphysical和骑士派cavalier poets 代表人物:

诗人

1)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿a great poet 诗人(poem 诗歌blank verse 无韵诗stylist 文体作家)

《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护

《Paradise Lost》失乐园:贝奥武夫之后最伟大的英国史诗《Paradise Regained》复乐园《samson agonistes》力士叁孙、

2)、John Donne 约翰.多恩“m etaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的创始人物sonnet 十四行诗

《Death be not proud》死亡你别骄傲《a valediction:forbidding mourning》分别:莫忧伤

3) George Herbert 乔治赫伯特1593-1633

He is "the saint of the metaphysical school",a devout Anglican clergyman who believed that a poet should sing the glory of god它被称为玄学派圣人,最虔诚的英国国教牧师,认为诗人应该歌颂神的荣耀《the altar》祭坛《easter wings》复活节的翅膀散文家

1)John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)”

He is the most important one in the field of pro writing of the Puritan age ,he is known for his simple and lively prose style which is molded after the Bible,his language is easy to read ,colloquial ,and concise.the form of his writing is allegorical,realistic and true to life班扬是清教徒时期地位最高的散文家,文风仿照圣经,简单生动,语言口语化,简洁易懂,写作采用寓言的形式,忠于生活

《the Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程

该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(比喻) and dream” 主旨:every Christian has to take in his inner heart a journey in order to be saved.

4 The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动

1特点、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.

强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。

The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. 启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。

about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.

启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。

Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.

无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。

2、18th century 文学的三个方面: Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings

of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)

3、代表人物:

1)、alexander pope 亚历山大蒲柏 1688-1744 新古典主义作家

2)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福1661-1731 realistic novel 现实主义作家

Defoe was a novelist who has been regarded as the discoverer of the modern novel .his strong creative spirit in novel writing won him the title "father of english and European novels"笛福是现代小说的发明者,他的创造力给她赢得了英国小说至欧洲小说之父的称号。

Novel:《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯

3)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特

1 《Gulliver’s Travels》格列佛游记novel 反讽

作品特点:no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculou s gets the better of him.

努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。

2《A Modest Proposal》一个温和的建议:the author denounces the cruel and unjust treatment of Ireland by the english government and stir up the Irish people to fight.

3 In the form of letters 书信体小说:《the Drapier's letter》给麻布商的信

4)Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)

《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯:散文体滑稽史诗(a comic epic poem in prose),《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事the best novel of him

Sentimentalism 感伤主义no belief 没有信仰

The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.

感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾,感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。代表人物:Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷《Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard》墓园挽歌

1)Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森《Pamela》帕美勒The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法a series letters

2)Laurence Sterne 劳伦斯斯特恩1713-1768 《Tristram shandy》项狄传it is the most famous book which has an

unusual and queer artistic form

3)oliver goldsmith 奥利佛戈德史密斯1728-1774 散文作家essayist he is an outstanding representative of the

english sentimentalist school 他是感伤主义最杰出的代表

《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德的牧师,小说novel

《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全,欢乐喜剧rollicking comedy

《The Deserted Village》荒村,诗歌poems

4)Thomas Gray 托马斯格雷 1716 -1771 he is the leader of the sentimental poetry,especially "the graveyard school"

他是感伤主义诗歌特别是“墓地派”的诗人《Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard》墓园挽歌

《英美文学资料》word版

《英美文学》(03119)复习大纲 第一部分英国文学 一、课程简介 本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点,出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品;并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力,即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。 二、课程重点章节简介: 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学 1. <<贝尔武夫>> 2. 乔叟及其代表作 第二章: 文艺复兴时期 1. 文艺复兴的定义 2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗 3. 培根的代表作 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学 1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<

失乐园>>选短

第四章: 启蒙运动时期 1.新古典主义 2.伤感主义 3.笛福及代表作 4.蒲伯及代表作 第五章: 浪漫主义时期 1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点 2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作 3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作 4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作 第六章: 维多利亚时期 1.维多利亚时期的文学特点 2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作 第七章: 现代时期 1.现代主义文学 2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作 3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作 三、本课程重点和难点内容简介 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学: 1.<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。

2.乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。3.名词解释“骑士抒情诗” 第二章: 文艺复兴时期: 1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定 2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释 3.“人文主义” 的名词解释 4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题 5.哈姆雷特的性格分析 6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学: 1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子 2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义 3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析 第四章: 启蒙运动时期: 1.启蒙运动时期的界定 2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色 3.伤感主义的名词解释 4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析 5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题

英国文学 整理

Term Definition: Alliteration(押头韵): Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. Arthurian legend(亚瑟王传奇): It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur L, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity. Sonnet(十四行诗): A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: ( 1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (named after the fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch) falls into two main parts: an octave(eight lines) rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet (six lines) rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc . (2) the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. Conceit(夸张): From the Italian concetto (meaning idea or concept), it refers to an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings. Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets and metaphysical poetry. Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron. Neoclassicism(新古典主义): A style of Western literature that flourished from the mid-seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century and the rise of Romanticism. The neoclassicists looked to the great classical writers for inspiration and guidance. They believed that literature should both instruct and delight, and the proper subject of art was humanity. Neoclassicism stressed rules, reason, harmony, balance, restraint, decorum, order, serenity, realism, and form—above all, an appeal to the intellect rather than emotion. The Restoration in 1660 marked the beginning of the Neoclassical Period in England, whose writers included John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, etc. Romance(传奇小说): It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur of Britain and the Knights of the Round Table, and the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. Renaissance(文艺复兴): Renaissance ("rebirth") is the name commonly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages. The development came late to England in the

英国文学名词解释

Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heath cliff is a later example. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde. An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Epiphany(顿悟): a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story. Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . Metaphysical Poetry Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the lead ing figure of the “metaphysical school.” Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature

英国文学下半部分总结

一:The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment 1)Pope 18世纪被称为是Pope的时代,18世纪最伟大的诗人,其诗多用 “heroic couplet” 1)16岁Pastorals《田园诗》 2)1711 Essay on Criticism《批评论》—heroic couplets and didactic poem 3)1714 The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》—a mock-heroic poem 4)The Dunciad《群愚史诗》 5)Essay on man《人论》—philosophical poem in heroic couplets 6)Imitation of Horace《仿贺拉斯》 7)Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿勃诺斯特医生书》 2)Swift 讽刺作家 1)1704 A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》—parable寓言 2)1704 The Battle of the Books《书站》 3)1708 Bickerstaff Almanac《比克斯塔福历书》 4)1708 Elegy of Mr.Partridge《帕特里奇挽歌》 5)1708 Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff《艾萨克·比克斯塔福的辩护》 6)1726,10 Gulliver’s Travels《格里佛游记》 7)Pamphlets on Ireland(小论文) 关于爱尔兰的小册子 (1)The Drapier’s Letters《布商的书信》 (2) A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》 8)Tragic love affairs: Candenus and V anessa《坎迪纳斯和文莎》、Journal to Stella《给斯拉特的信》—love-letters 9)1745 On the Death of Dr. Swift 3)Defoe “the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人, 1)1701 Trueborn Englishman—A Satire《纯血统英国人》---- pamphlet 2)1702 The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《铲除新教徒的途径》 3)1703,5 Hymn to the Pillory《木枷颂》 4)The Review《评论报》—a political and literary magazine 5)代表作Robinson crusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》 Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》 Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》 Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》 4. Richardson 1)1740 Pamela《帕米拉》或者Virtue Rewarded:In a Series of Familiar Letters from a Beaytiful Y oung Damsel to Her Parents—书信体形式 Epistolary novels,a long tale 2)1747-1748 Clarissa《克拉丽莎》—the best one 3)1753-1754 Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士的历史》5. Fielding “ father of English Novel”英国小说之父

英国文学名著整理

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英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗,古英语文学的最高成就,同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦,帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲;第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位,平安统治50年。后来,他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏,老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战,杀死火龙,自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ,1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层,而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格,读者广泛,对后世影响很大。 威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ,1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品,其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演,并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢,创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻,历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧:《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet)、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear);四大喜剧:《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外,历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲,爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇,杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事,揭露了封建制度的残酷无情,同时,歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈(Keats, 1795一1821)是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦,作过医生的学徒,后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满,希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称,在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱(Shelley ,1792一1822)是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗,也写了很多优美的抒情诗,特别是爱情诗,显示了不羁的想象,瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵,这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了,春天还会远吗?”(If Winters comes,can spring be far behind)成为妇幼皆知的诗文。 华兹华斯(Wordsworth,1770-1850),18-19世纪之交英国浪漫主义运动最伟大和最有影响的诗人。他和克勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)、骚塞(Robert Southey)三人组成“湖畔派诗人(the Lake Poets)”其作品的主题是人与大自然的关系。1813年他接受政府长期津贴,1843年又被封为桂冠诗人。他的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)、《水仙》(Daffodill)和《序曲》(The Prelude)等。 笛福(Daniel Defoe,1661-1731)是英国小说之父。59岁时发表的成名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)出版后立即成为家喻户晓的畅销书。随后,他又写了《辛格顿船长》(Captain Singleton)、《摩尔·弗兰德》(Moll Flanders)、(大疫年日记)(a Journsl of the Plagure Year)等小说。《鲁滨逊飘流记》是根据苏格兰水手亚历山大·塞尔扣克的航海遇险、流落在荒岛上并独居4年才获救的真实故事,经过艺术加工而成的作品。主人公鲁滨逊是笛福理想中的英国资产阶级的代表人物。他富于冒险精神,依靠个人的劳动和智慧力量克服自然界的种

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