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关于考研复试英语笔试的题型全解析

关于考研复试英语笔试的题型全解析
关于考研复试英语笔试的题型全解析

关于考研复试英语笔试的题型全解析

与考研英语初试不同的是,复试英语尤其是笔试部分可以说是因校而异。各个学校根据自己的传统自行命题,以此考察考生的英语水平。就笔试部分而言,即便每所学校的考卷差距再大,基本逃不出以下这些题型,接下来我将就题型一一分析。

一、听力

听力题对我们所有上过大学参加过四、六级考试的考生来说都不陌生,甚至许多考生都曾在听力上栽过跟头。由于考研英语初试没有听力题型,平时缺乏练习,导致许多考生在复试考场上有些懵。而考研复试英语中往往会加入听力部分,为初试英语做一个补充考查,下面做一个详细的解析。

其实,复试英语听力的难度大约相当于六级考试程度,类型也与其非常相似。

在备考的过程中,保持信心是非常重要的,紧张的心态对听力考试百害而无一利的影响是十分明显的。循序渐进可以帮助考生迅速进入状态,这里并不是说要从最简单的的部分开始,而是从自己能听懂的部分开始,然后逐渐加深难度。有些考生在复习的过程中总是认为自己所复习的内容越难越好,其实不然。超出自己水平的练习不仅提高不了听力,而且会使自己丧失对英语学习的信心和兴趣,因此从自己能听懂的部分开始做起是最明智的选择。另外,英音和美音都是常见的听力测试口音,所以在备考时,一方面要有一定数量的精听,

以保证对听力词汇和口语语法的精确把握,能够理解口语中出现的习惯用语和意义复杂的句子,另一方面也要有大量的泛听,以保证听力范围的扩大和听力背景知识的积累。对于英音和美音要同时进行,若时间允许,也可以进行一些英音和美音的辨音训练。

听力练习听起来好像只关耳朵的事,其实和我们的嘴巴也是有关联的。也就是说,除了听以外,还要朗读,多听和多读是不可分割的。通过自己读朗,一方面可以刺激大脑对语音的辨析能力,另一方面可以训练耳朵的敏感度。有些考生存在的问题是能听懂但是反应不上来,这就存在听与读的隔阂。只有将二者紧密结合起来才能提高做题的准确率。

在有了一定的基础之后,考生可以有选择地做一些技巧训练。例如,要掌握一些专业英语词汇的特定含义,如文学英语、商务英语、科技英语和社会生活英语中的一些专用词汇,这些词汇有着不同的含义。如在文学英语中”His poems are simple but remarkably rich.”这句话中的simple和rich却不是平常我们所接受的意思,而是”简约凝练”和”丰富”的意思。另一个技巧就是要注意材料中的转折词,如but、how ever、thus等等。这些词可以帮助我们更迅速和更准确地掌握材料中的内容。

二、翻译

翻译讲求”信、达、雅”原则,但是在通考英语中,绝大多数考生很难做到这样的高标准。所以,更通俗一点的标准是准确和符合目的语的表达方式,也就是够地道。按照这样的标准,翻译的做题思

路大致遵循一下几个步骤。

通读理解全文。把要翻译的题目是一个整体,先通读全文,了解大致内容,准确把握作者作者想要表达的思想。在此基础上,还需要认真分析画线部分与上下文之间的联系。

拆分句子。找出主句和从句中的意群,切分成几个意群。同时要注意句子是否有省略的地方,以及各个意群的语法逻辑功能。

直译意群。直译,即是看到什么意群就直接翻译,尽量选脑子里第一时间反应出的汉语词汇和短语。直译时要注意规避同意陷阱,避免低级错误,重点注意一词多义和易产生歧义的意群。

整理成文。这要求考生将直译过来的汉语意群再加工,选用的词汇要准确,句子结构要符合我们的表达习惯。在准确理解画线部分英语句子的含义后,如何用通顺的汉语将其表达出来是关键。表达是理解的结果,是把已经理解了的原作内容选择适当的译文重新表达出来。由于两种语言存在着语言,语法以及表达方式上的差异,所以在翻译的时候必须做相应的调整和改变,使目的语读者阅读译文时感到自然流畅。

三、完形填空

完型填空是考查考生从已知信息中寻找定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索,通过综合分析这些线索推测未知填空的答案的能力。这一题型还是有一些具有普遍性的寻找定位相关已知线索的方法和规律的,掌握规律多加练习,攻克这一题型并不难。

1.排除法

完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线,且通常出现在文章第一句,这也是为什么完型第一句一般不会挖空出题。正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。因此,一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

2.同现

完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线,所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语,这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致,或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此,文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

3.复现

复现是表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现,既可以是相同的词重复出现,也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题方法在于,假如判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系,只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。

4.关联

关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构,即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语,比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下,两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样,且常常起一样的语法作用,之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于:出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息,另一个是未知的,这

样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。

5.时间线索

完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索,因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。

6.分析对应成分

由于完型文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,句子的各个成分之间便形成一定的对应关系,考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分作为线索,通过对应的已知成分推断出未知填空的答案。

完型常见标志词小结:

并列关系 and, and also, or, neither...or, either...or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say;

递进关系then, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more;

因果关系 because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so...that, consequently, accordingly;

转折关系 but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;

让步关系although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of.

四、阅读

考研英语复试阅读题型多数来自国外英文网站或报纸杂志,如纽约时报,泰晤士报,华盛顿邮报,bbc新闻等。而文章的题材涉及到各个学科以及生活的方方面面,如常见的有经济学,社会学,历史学,教育学。

从最近的考研各个高校复试来看,高校越来越注重学生对文章的分析能力,并日益突出学生提出自己见解的能力,而这类文章主要以议论文和说明文以及评论的形式出现。

面对这些题型,对学生的要求已经不仅仅是了解文章内容的方面,而是通过文章的理解,分析总结得出深层次的结论,这要求学生在提高自己词汇量的同时,要更加注重核心词汇,熟词僻义,词意辨析以及固定搭配的掌握。因此需要同学们掌握单词的基本记忆法,诸如构词法,近义词法,反义词法等。并且要强化自己的英语语法,尤其是非谓语动词的分词作后置定语和分词作状语;定语从句中的名词性从句,壮语从句是常考的句型;虚拟语气也是在文章中经常出现的句型,这些既是重点也是难点。因此在复习过程中要注重以英语的思维去思考英语问题,并且要经常浏览外文报纸和网站,通过大量的阅读来培养自己的语感和思维方式。并且通过平常的积累,养成用英文写作的习惯。当面对复试阅读实体的时候便会更加自信,游刃有余。

在考试过程中,要把握命题人的出题思路,而各高校命题人所注重的就是学生对问题的思考能力,这相区别于考研初试的英语阅读测试。因此在面对阅读的时候,同学们首先要理解全文的主旨,在此基础上将分段落所反映的意思与整个文章主旨相照应。并结合具体的

事实细节对具体问题进行推断,推理并引申出自己的结论。而在阅读的过程中势必会遇到一些生僻的词汇,对于这些词汇最有效的方法就是通过上下文的语境揣测生僻词汇的大意,并通过文章段落的细节描时来验证所揣测的意思是否正确。并且在面对发散性的问题时,要勇于开阔自己的思路,追求更深层次的理解和感悟。

所以要做好阅读,需要通过大量的泛读和精读英文评论性的文章,通过模仿评论员分析问题的接入点来逐步形成自己观察问题,分析问题,解决问题的能力,因此当面对这样类型的阅读时,就会驾轻就熟。阅读能力的提高需要靠学生平时一点一滴的积累,并且加上辅导老师的正确方法的引导,相信阅读理解会成为易于得分的题型。

[关于考研复试英语笔试的题型全解析]

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