英语国家社会与文化
1.How many mountain ranges are there in America? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2.How many states are there in America? A. 40 B. 25 C. 50 D. 35
3.What year was America discovered A. 1592 B. 1692 C. 1392 D
4.Who discovered America
A.Columbus
B. Washington
C. Angelo
D. Jackson
What are the names of the original people in America?
A.Salvadorians
B. Canadians
C. Utopians
D. Indians
What was the reason for people leaving Europe and moving to America?
A. Political differences
B. Religious Freedom
C. War
D. Slavery
Which country helped America escape from the British government
A. German
B. Spain
C. French
D. Roman
What is the main natural disaster in the west cost of the USA
A.Earthquakes
B. Hurricanes
C. Floods
D. Snow
What happened to the Indians in the USA
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fa11303086.html, bought their land
B. Killed
C. Given power
D. Given freedom What was the reason for civil war in America？
B.A. Slavery B. Guns
C.C. Religion
D. Freedom
Which American president won the civil war and freed the black slave
A. Washington
B. Jefferson
C. Lincoln
D. Obama
What is industrialization?
A. Building factories
B. Building roads
C. Building cities
D. All are true
In World War 1, who forced America into the war?
A. China
B. French
C. Germany
D. England
In World War 2, who forced America into the war?
A. Japan
B. Mexico
C. China
D. India
What is Pearl Harbor?
A. Germany army
B. War about drugs
C. Capitol of California
D. Location japan attached in WWII
During WW2, who was being killed during the Holocaust?
A. Indians
B. French
C. Jews
D. African
How many people died in the Holocaust?
A. 6,000,000
B. 200,000
C. 3,000,000
D. 60,000
What is the name of the bomb that America used to end the war with Japan (WW2) A. Nuclear Bomb B. Dooms Day C. Red Bomb D. Pretty Lady
Which American war lasted 45 years?
A. Hot War
B. Cold War
C. African-American War
D. French War
What was the reason for the Cold War?
A. Slavery
B. End the Holocaust
C. Russia had nuclear bomb
D. Bring Peace to the Middle East
In American history, what happened on September 11, 2001?
A.Women could vote
B. Black people became Free
B.C. WWII ended D. Terrorist attacked New York City
In America, when was the Great Depression?A. 1950 B. 1910 C. 1930 D. 1960 What was the purpose of the America civil rights movement?
A. War on terrorism
B. Religious freedom
C. Equality of black people
D. Woman became president
Which one is not a branch of the US Government
A. Congress
B. Supreme court
C. President
D. House of Commons
Why does America have three branches of government
A. Balance of Power
B. Equal treatment
C. Freedom
D. No Taxes
Because of American history, why did they create the idea of balance of power?
A. We did not want a king
B. freedom of speech
C. Killing the Indians
D. support slavery
What is the most important piece of paper of the US government, the foundation of the government?
A.life, liberty, freedom
B. Constitution
B.C. Equality D. Declaration of Independence
In America, how many years can 1 person be president? A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 12
In American government, who has the most power to create a new law?
A. Congress (mom)
B. Supreme Court (grandpa)
C. President (dad)
D. The little brother
What does Laissez-faire mean?
A. Hello
B. freedom
C. Leave it alone
D. Do not waste
Why did America choose Laissez-faire for the relationship between the government and businesses?
A. America is greedy
B. Britain Taxes were too high
C. no reason
D. Do not trust the governme
What is a recession?
A. Too many jobs
B. Economy becomes slow
C. Too much money
D. Economy becomes fast
What American businesses were hit the hardest in the 2008 economy crash?
A. Housing industry
B. clothes Industry
C. Food industry
D. Computer Industry
What does “Go Green” mean for businesses
A.No pollution/waste
B. high taxes
C.heap products
D. cheap employees
B.For America, what is the problem of outsourcing?
A. No Jobs
B. low taxes
C. Cheap products
D. New businesses What is consumerism?
A. Buy and Selling
B. No slavery
C. Freedom of Speech
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fa11303086.html,cation for everyone Who pays for the children’s education in America?
A. Government
B. Students
C. Parents
D. Grandma and Grandpa What is the official religion of America?
A. No Religion
B. Hindu
C. Muslim
D. Christian
What does “separation of church and state” mean?
A. Freedom of speech
B. Government is separate from religion
C. Freedom to have a gun
D. Churches give money to the govt.
What percentages of people are divorced in America?
A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 5%
Which one is not an American sport?
A. American football
B. basketball
C. Baseball
D. badminton
Which holiday is a religious holiday?
A. 4th of July
B. Christmas
C. Valentines Day
D. Halloween
43 .What percent of Americans live in poverty?A. 1% B. 27% C. 3% D. 14%
44.Which country game the England the name “Britain”?
A. German
B. Rome
C. French
D. Spain
45.What is the name of the original people in Britain?
A. White people
B. Indians
C. European people
D. Celts
46.What country does English language come from?
A. French
B. Rome
C. Germany
D. Spain
47.Who were the first people to take control of Britain?
A. Romans
B. Germany
C. French
D. Spain
48.Which one does not make up “Great Britain”?
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northern Ireland
49.Who controlled Britain after the Germans?
A. French
B. Spain
C. Rome
D. America
50.What was the name of the German people who took Britain?
A. Anglo-Saxon
B. Germans
C. White people
D. Indians
51.What was the purpose of the Stonehenge?
A. Study the stars
B. Worship the God
C. Study the weather
D. we don’t know
52.When the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain, where did the Celt people move?
A. France
B. Ireland
C. Iceland
D. Africa
53.In 900AD Britain was united under which leader?
A. Alfred the Great
B. King John
C. Robin Hood
D. Queen Elisabeth
54.William the Conquer was from which country?
A. Japan
B. German
C. France
D. Spain
55.William the Conquer established the first government in britian, what was it called?
A. Democracy
B. Parliament
C. Feudal System
D. King
56.Who has the most power in the Feudal System?
A. King
B. Lords
C. Queen
D. Common people
57.In the Feudal System, what were the land owning powerful people called?
A. Common people
B. Lord
C. King
D. Duke
58.What is the name of the British government today?
A. Parliament
B. Freedom
C. Democracy
D. United Britain
59.King John w ent to war with France and lost, as a result the Lords …
A. fought the king
B. enjoyed peace
C. Gave him money
D. went to war with France
60.The Lord made King John sign the … to establish new rules?
A. Great Charter
B. Declaration of Independence
C. Constitution
D.None of these
61.What was the sickness that killed 25 million people in Europe
A. SARS
B. HIV
C. Cancer
D. Black death
62.What animal was responsible for bring the sickness?
A. Rats
B. Pigs
C. Dogs
D. Chickens
63.In the 1400’s, which fami ly would end the Feudal System and bring a capitalist government?
A. Elisabeth
B. Tudor
C. John
D. Victoria
64.What event in history would cause Britain to loose much of its power ad foreign land?
A. World War II
B. American War
C. Black Death
D. Civil War
65.The Renaissance was a time where people discovered…
A. All of them
B. Music and Acting
C. Art
D. Scienc
66.How did Britain become the world’s most powerful country?
A. Business/trade
B. War
C. Science
D. Art
67.Who was Britain’s Pr ime Mister during WWII?
A. Lincoln
B. Washington
C. Elisabeth
D. ChurchHill
68.Today, Britain’s is not the world …?
A. Financial Center
B. science center
C. Best vacation location
D. None of these
69.Who has the most power in creating new laws?
A. House of Commons
B. Queen
C. House of Lords
D. Prime Minister
70.Which one is not a part of the Parliament?
A. King/Queen
B. House of Lord
C. House of Common
D. President
71.What year was Parliament established?A. 1215 B. 1505 C. 1000 D. 1407
72.Who is the leader of Parliament?
A. Prime Minster
B. Queen
C. President
D. Common People
73.The Queen’s responsibility today is to represent England.
74.In Parliament, who has the power to control the money?
A. House of Commons
B. Queen
C. House of Lords
D. Prime Minister
75.The Prime Minster and House of Common are elected (chooses) every …
A. 1 year
B. 5 years
C. 3 years
D. 8 years
76.The Prime Minister can have his job 10 years. False
77.The people in the House of Commons are chosen b y…
A. The people
B. House of Lords
C. Queen
D. Prime Minister
78.The British constitution is written on one big paper. False
79.America has had a woman President. False
80.The King is more powerful than Parliament. False
81.In Britain, the Supreme Court (grandpa) cannot reject a new law. True
82.In American 2/3 parts of the government must agree to create a new law. True
83.In American and Britain, any one can present a new law to the govt. True
84.In Britain 3/3 parts of the government must agree to create a new law. True
85.The American motto is “In God we trust” True
86.In America, the Supreme Court (grandpa) can reject a new law. True
87.The Queen does not live in the palace. False
88.Britain has never has a woman Prime Minister. False
89. In the American Government the small states (children) have more power than the Federal Government (mom and dad). False 90.In America, if you are extremely poor, the government will pay for your doctor, house, food, and school. True
91.In Britain, a common person can have a gun. False
92.Abortion, gun control, equal treatment of black people are all important issues in America True
93.When the Queen dies, there will be no more queen or king False
94.Which one is not a British Industry
A. Ship Building
B. Iron and Coal
C. Textile
D. Computer Building
95.What made the British so successful in world trade
A. Steam Engine
B. Power of the King
C. Best Cotton and Wool
D. Electricity
96. At one time Britain Produce … of the world’s new ships.
A. 80
B. 20
C. 10
D. 50
97.Todays Britain’s power come from their …
A. Electronics
B. Gas and Oil
C. Financial Service
D. Steam Engine
98.In Britain, most new homes were building in 1945 because of
A. Steam Engine
B. Increase in Economy
C. WWII
D. Financial Service
99.Britain social life is usually centered around…
A. Tea
B. Smoking
C. Pubs
D. Eating
100.Britain’s most popular sport is…
A. Soccer/ football
B. Badminton
C. Basketball
D. Horse riding
101.The official religion of Britain is …
A. Church of England
B. Islam
C. Catholics
D. No religion
102.The fast growing religion in England is …
A. Catholic
B. Christianity
C. No religion
D. Islam
103.In the 600’s who control the churches in E ngland?
A. The king
B. France
C. Rome
D. The people
104.Why was the Church so powerful?
A. All of these
B. Education
C. They had money
D. owned land
105.In the 1500’s the Catholic Church separated from Rome and established what new church?
A. Church of Jesus
B. Church of France
C. Church of the King
D.Church of England 106.The most famous school in Britain is …
A. Oxford
B. Guangxi University
C. Harvard
D. University of Britain
107.Australia was formerly controlled by Britian. True
108.Originally all Britain’s schools were controlled by the …
A. The King
B. The people
C. The Church
D. The Parliament
101. What is a monopoly and why is it harmful?
A monopoly is when one business controls all of one product. It is harmful because the people have no control over the price of the product.
102. The American government is built off the idea of the balance of power. What is balance of power and why does America have it?
Balance of power is that no one person is in completely control. This is why America has a 3 parts government. America has this because of its history with the king of Brittan.
103. In countries like America and Britain, they outsource most of their manufacturing businesses. What is outsourcing and what are the benefits and disadvantage?
Outsourcing is when American companies move their business to foreign countries. This is good for America because it provides cheaper products but also bad because it takes jobs away from the people.
104. In America and Britain, Christianity is the major religion. For America, what is the relationship between the government and religion? In Britain, what is the relationship between the government and religion?
In America, the government is separate from religion. In Brittan , the church is apart of the government and is controlled by the king.
105. Britain became the most powerful country in the world through trade. Explain the relationship between the steam engine, shipbuilding, iron and steel, and coal.
The steam engine allowed Brittan to produce products much faster and cheaper than other countries. This resulted in them needing to develop steal and coal industry to make and power the steam engine. Lastly, the became the number on shipbuilding country because the need ships to export their production.
2013届《英语国家社会与文化》期末复习题 I. Explain the following terms: 1. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the US Constitution. 2. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 15th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends II. Choose the best answer. 1. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons 2. The largest lake in Britain is _____. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 3. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B . Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland 4. The Tories were the forerunners of _______ , which still bears the nickname today. A. the Labour Party B. the Liberal Party
初中英语语言与文化的关系 学习任何一门外语，都不仅要掌握语音是、语法、词汇和习语，而且还要知道和熟识使用该语种的人如何看待事物，如何观察世界；要了解他们如何用他们的语言来反映他们的思想、习惯和行为；更要了解他们社会的文化，语言是文化的一部分，并对文化起着重要作用。它们之间互相影响、互相作用；理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。 我们学习应用外语，目的是为了交际，并且是跨文化的交际，故此必然涉及不同的习俗文化、不同的世界观、人生观；不同的思维方式、行为方式和生活方式；以及不同的政治信仰和宗教信仰等。我们所指的文化，并不单纯是狭义上所指的文学、音乐、美术等，而更广义上所指的：一个社会所具有的独特的信仰、习俗、制度、目标和技术的总模式。所以在跨文化的交往中，没有这些的深入认识，只局限地以自己母语文化中所形成的各种思维方式、行为方式，习俗观和世界观去和外国人进行交往，必然会形成不同文化观念在某个话题或论点方面的冲突和不快。 在初中阶段的英语教学中，英语教学工作者更多地强调了“听”“说”“读写”四大技能的培养及素质教育在教材的安排和教学时间的分配上，忽略了英语文化的进一步的学习、了解和渗透。同时，作为素质教育，我们在语言教学中，应尽量多地全方位体现该语言范畴的文化现象、文化特征。虽然对事物的理解受到年龄、职业、信仰、思维等影响，但对于初中学生来说，他们应该可以理解在欧美国家最常用的成语、谚语、格言和典故。这些内容在教材中安排得并不多，尽管 有 "A friend in need is a friend indeed" "An apple a day keeps the doctor away","There os a will, there is a way"------ 等等。但我认为仍不足够，英语文化中，常用的谚语还很多，而
判断题 第一单元 1、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T) 2、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F) 3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F) 4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T) 5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T) 6、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F) 7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T) 8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic” (F) 9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T) 10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T) 11、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F) 12、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元 1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F) 2、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T) 3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F) 4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F) 5、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T) 6、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T) 7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T) 8、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T) 9、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist （政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T) 10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T) 11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic（共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F) 第三单元 1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F) 2、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相比）(T)
English Football Culture Key words: Culture, English, Football In today’s world, football has become the world's first sport. World Cup has become a platform for the football player to show their level of football, but also in front of the world’s peo ple. Because of football, the world of people linked to together, although football originated in China, but the modern football started in the United Kingdom. Rules, professional, football managers and game system complete leagues, they have been found in the late 19th century. The professional football is considered as a new life start to 20 century. The rise of English football Early in the 19th century, the British initially realized urbanization. With the revolution, more and more went to city and lived in towns. Accompanied by a fundamental change in production technology and economic development, the quality of people's life changed, people's material needs were meet, then it needed to pursue a higher level, spiritual and cultural level of demand were transported. Football developed rapidly in this environment. First a large number of workers who were physically strong had some leisure time for sport and fun to play as entertainment. Second the people play football found their own spiritual sustenance, quickly established a lot of football teams in industrial cities such as Manchester, Newcastle. A factory as a unit, a streets as a unit, there were a variety of units. You can imagine the scene at that time, you can also imagine how much the exciting of football emergence, which is not difficult to understand why the English has so strong football tradition, so deep feelings.
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料 D. They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities. 英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料 8. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? Test paper 1 A. James II B. William of Orange C. Oliver Cromwell D. George I 1. Tick the correct answer in each of the following: 9. Which of the following is NOT true about the Constitution? 1. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government. A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester B. It is the foundation of British government today. 2. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution. ninth century? D. The common laws are part of the Constitution. A. They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids. 10. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win B. They felt it necessary to develop their own industry. the election? C. They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion. A. 651 B. 326 C. 626 D. 351 D. They had to do it in order to resist the English. 11. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面 是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的 重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的 维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而 不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能 总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联 合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高 地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中， 但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，也许西安呢！伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力，并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家
The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication. 摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。 key words: language, cultures, relationship, communication 关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际 1. Introduction As we all know that different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Language plays a very important role in all human activity. It’s one of the indispensable part of the social life of human. You can not imagine the world would be without language. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of human language is so mystical that people do not acquaint it entirely so far. Culture is the product of social life and national spirit. In other words, culture is the genetic code of difference among the various nation, country and region. Every country has its own culture formation and individuality. This special culture is one of the most important source of affinity and cohesion of a country. For this reason, we must protect and develop the culture of the various nation, country and region, keep variety of our global culture. 2. Relationship between language and culture Relationship between language and culture can be summarized as the following: (1). Language is part of culture. Like other cultural phenomenon, language is also a social phenomenon, it occurred with the production of society, and develops with the development of society. The language is with nationality, different nationalities often have different languages; Language is also human creation. It is the most important spiritual wealth of human society .We can say that language has all the attributes of culture, so language is also a kind of culture, one of the many cultural phenomenons. The human language is not only an integral part of culture, and also the most important part. (2).Language is the main carrier of culture. Although language is part of culture, other cultural phenomenon generally can't exist being independent from language. Only through language, culture can be preserved, extended and spread.
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
The Resource Management Act 资源管理法案 The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealander’s environmental awareness. Under the Act, laws governing land,air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well. The Act came into force in 1991. With it , New Zealand leads the world in environmental legislation. 资源管理法案反映了新西兰人的环保意识。根据该法案，法律将土地，空气和水资源结合在一起管理，以确保自然资源的可持续管理。它侧重于人类活动对整个环境的影响。该法案于1991生效。有了它，新西兰在环境立法方面领先世界。 Maoritanga 毛利文化 Maoritanga is the Maori word for “ Maori culture. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their languages, customs and traditions. 毛利文化是毛利语中的“毛利文化。它是指在新西兰土著居民丰富的文化遗产中的所有元素，包括他们的语言，习俗和传统。 MMPR 混合成员比例代表制 MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation. Under this new election system, each voter has two votes, the first one for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party. The second vote, when counted nation-wide, decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament. MMPR代表混合成员比例代表制。在这种新的选举制度下，每一个选民都有两张选票，第一张是投给选民的候选人，第二个是投给政党的候选人。当第二次投票在全国范围内举行时，将决定各个党派在议会中所占的席数。 The Ombudsman申述专员 The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament. His responsibilities are to investigate people’s complaints against government departments and local authorities and to make sure that appropriate official information is freely available in accordance to the Official Information Act. There are Chief Ombudsman and specialist ombudsman in various fields. 申诉专员是由议会任命的。他的职责是调查人们对政府部门和地方当局的投诉，并确保根据官方信息法适当的提供免费的官方信息。在各个领域都有首席监察官和专家申诉专员。
U3 American Beginnings I 1. The question “ What is an American? ” was first asked by J. Hector ST. John de Crevecoeur. ( T) 2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. ( T) 7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. ( T) 8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. ( F) π 1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? ( A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. ) 3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except. ( B. Martin Luther King. ) 7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except. ( C. William Penn. ) 10. ”No taxation without representation ” was the rallying cry of. (D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution .) In 1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question “ what is an American ” in his book ( letters from An American Farmer ) 2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from (Asia ) and the second from (Europe ) and ( Africa ). 3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arriver. These three civilizations were ( The Aztecs ),(the Incas )
Language and Culture I firmly believe that language and culture are familiar with everyone on earth. Nevertheless, I don’t think everyone is clear about the real meaning of language and culture. On this basis, this essay will explain some basic information about language and culture, including what is language, what is culture and the relationship between language and culture. What’s more, quite a number of examples will be cited to help you have a better understanding of language and culture. Let’s begin with the concept of language. When we put a key word “language”into the online Wikipedia(维基百科)，which is a free encyclopedia to people all over the world, we find that language is defined as the human capacity for acquiring and using complex system of communications , and a language is any specific example of such a system. From this definition, we have a clear consciousness towards language. When we look into the Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary, Language is divided into several meanings as follow：1. use of words in an agreed way as a method of human communications 2. system of words of a particular community or country etc. 3. faculty of speech 4. system of symbols and rules for writing computer programs 5. any method of communication.6. professional or specialized vocabulary. Besides, I have also learned the definition of language from my linguistics class. In the book A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English(新编
一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each) 1. In England more than ___1__ of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture, so England is a highly urbanized country . 2. In the year of ____2_____,the first permanent settlement in North America was established, in today's Virginia . 3.Ralph Waldo Emerson, a American transcendentalist, published a startling book called __3__,he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion . 4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches the executive , _____4_____and the judicial. 5.One advantage of 5 over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has limited liability, so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets 6.The best -known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in _____6_____area of New York City 7.WASP stands for _______7______. 8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,_______8_______and Poland. 9.The Letherstocking Tales, they refer to the five novels written by9. 10.A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman , it is a ground-breaking book. That is 10 11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections: ________11________ and the percussion. 12. G.R.E and M.B.A. stand for Graduate Record Examination and __________12________ in U.S education. 13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for ________13_________and Bachelor of Science in higher education. 14.The two most well known computer companies are ______14_______ and Apple in the United States. 15.Now the largest software company is _____15___________whose director is Bill Gates in the United States. 16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities, they are Edinburgh and _______16____________. 17.The Britain, the official head of state is now ________17_______ while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons .