大学英语四级阅读理解强化集训--- 仔细阅读解题技巧
一、题型揭秘
本题型要求考生在阅读完一篇300~350个单词左右的文章后解答5个以单项选择题形式进行考查的题目。其所考查的内容一般不会是从文章能直接找到答案的，而需要考生运用自己的语言知识、逻辑知识等进行推敲和加深理解。这种题型可以考查任何层次、全局性、细节性的内容。虽然提供4个答案供考生进行选择，但干扰项大多具有迷惑性，这就要求考生对所读文章内容达到真正的理解。
二、解题步骤
第一步，读问题，划出标志词或关键词
快速浏览题目，对5个题目有大概印象以便阅读时有侧重点。一般来说，对于本身已经明确其考查内容的题目，标志词和关键词是比较容易找到的，只看一下题干即可，而对于那些并没有出现标志词和关键词的题目，如：The author suggests that，可以在解答试题时浏览选项作出解答。
第二步，略读文章
在略读中，首先阅读第一段，因为第一段通常会告诉我们作者将要讨论的话题。然后阅读下面各段的第一句话，以对每个段落的内容有大概的了解，然后再阅读最后一段，以帮助我们对文章内容进行概括，或了解作者的评价、态度等。
第三步，解答试题
根据试题中的标志词和关键词，找到试题在文章中对应的句子，并对其进行仔细阅读，然后对比四个选项，选出正确答案。
三、题型分类及解题技巧
根据大学英语阅读理解测试能力的要求，阅读理解的试题类型可以分为以下五大类：主旨题、细节题、语义题、推理题和观点态度题。通过对历年大学英语四级试题的分析，阅读理解部分五类题型所占比重分别为：细节题占60%左右，主旨题和推理题各占15%左右，语义题和观点态度题各占5%左右。在近年的四级考试中，阅读理解题型不断变化，较难的主旨类和推理类比重加大。尽管所选材料题材广泛，包罗万象，但其体裁选用和题型设置相对稳定，提问方式大同小异，因而考生可通过熟悉各种题型及其应试策略，提高阅读理解部分的做题正确率。
一细节题
细节题即客观事实题，在大学英语四级考试中所占比例最大，目的是考查学生对重要事实和细节的辨认与记忆能力。事实或细节是文章中用来论证或说明主题的依据。这类试题主要考查考生是否掌握了作者用来阐述主题的有关事实和细节，对文章的理解是否全面，是否透彻。这类问题不掺杂主观内容而是针对文章的某个具体细节如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。
细节题的特征：
1、题干出现文中具体的人、概念、时间等
2、题干重现文中某句的信息，
3、直接问某句某词或短语的意思。
细节题题解题技巧：
局限定位：在做题时一定要找准题干定位词，定位至句找出答案。
三句原则：如果在定位句中找不出答案，在定位句前后找找，一般答案不会出这三句。
正选优先：识别正确选项特征。好多学生看到这种说法可能会比较迷茫，下面我们一起来看一下英语四级仔细阅读正确选项及错误选项的特征。
四级阅读细节题正确选项的特征：
对应：选项对应自文中某句的信息，不含推理、无凭空臆想、忌照搬常识。
改写：选项进行同义改写，没有大量照抄原文或者选项进行了同义词替换、句式变换、合理概括归纳。
四级阅读细节题错误选项的特征：
对应错误：选项文章未提及或文章提及，但答非所问。
改写错误：选项与原文相反、偷换原文概念、拼凑无关信息或与原文有偏差、过于绝对。
细节题主要对文中具体事实和细节（facts and details)进行提问。有时候，这类题目会进一步演化为是非判断题（true or false)，考查我们的辨别和排除能力。提问方式一般为：When (Where, Who, Why, Wha t, How)…?
All of the following are mentioned in the passage except…
According to the passage, the best answer to…is…
The author says…because…
Which of the following may be the best reason for…
【解题技巧】
在做细节题时，首先应当仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。通常细节题的答案在文章中都会找到，但是答案的表述和原文会有所差别，常常不是文章中的原话，而是词语或句子的同义表达。
关键词的确定也有技巧。如果题目或选项中有专有名词（人名、地名等)、数字（年代、时间等)要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案。如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。
在所给的选项中有3个属于干扰项，有的是片面性的，有的是部分正确，有的虽属文章相关内容，但不切合问题，有的用同义词、近义词或形似词进行干扰。因此，核对4个选项时，务必慎重，千万不要粗心大意，千万不要想当然。无论从数量还是分值上看，细节类问题都是至关重要的。因此，平时要多读多练，熟悉并掌握细节类问题的解题步骤和技巧。
【真题举例】
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(保护区)(ANWR)to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth. With the last government survey conducted in 1998, protecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
1. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.
B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.
D) It will increase America’s energy consumption.
【解析】----根据试题的标志词President Bush和ANWR可以快速找到试题在文中对应的句子：President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence.根据这句话的含义，对比4个选项，正确答案应当是C。
二段落题
段落题特征如下：题干问整段大意、或从整段归纳及推理;题干只能定位至段、无法更细;题干问的某信息在某段中出现多次。
四级仔细段落题解题技巧如下：
找出段落重点句：段落重点局一般在段首、段末或者段中出现转折的话后面一句话，这几个地方出现有限信息的概率比较大。
找出段落话题词：段落话题次就是段中重现多次的词。
选项定位法(模糊的题)：将选项带回段中定位、比对，选出最佳答案。
三全文题
全文题的特征是：题干问全文大意、全文意图、作者整体态度等，题干某信息全文分散出现多次，出现在最后一题，且定位模糊。
全文题的解题技巧如下：
开篇方式定中心：根据文章的开篇方式确定文章中心。直叙型/转折型/问答型/举例型。
串联各段整中心：整合各段首句、话题，根据这些内容总结出文章中心。
巧用别题猜中心：利用前面题目的信息推测中心。
正确答案靠中心：议论文主要考文章的话题、态度，说明文主要靠文章的对象、特征。
全文题大家比较容易过度推断或者遗漏条件，同学们在做这类提目时千万不要凭空猜测，一定要根据原文，做到有理可依。
四推断题
推断题不同于主旨题和细节题，需要根据文章中提供的信息进行综合的推理分析，然后推出作者的隐含之义。这类题往往难以对付，是考生失分较多的题型。推断题通常包括以下四个方面的内容：
1针对文章中的某个细节进行推断。
2根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路。
3推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容。
4 针对文章人物性格的推断。
这类题常见的提问方式有：
By saying..., the author suggests that.
What's the author's attitude towards?
It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussed .
From the passage, it can be inferred that .
It is implied, but not stated, that .
解题技巧：在做推断题时切忌评主观臆断进行推测，推理必须是基于文章中的具体事实细节进行。所以在做此类题时，虽然在文章中不能直接找到答案，但是一定要在文章中找到推测的依据进行合理严密的推断。如果是针对文章中的某个细节进行推断，就要先在文
章中找到该细节所在的句子，在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。如果是根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路，应该首先确定文章的中心思想，然后根据中心和作者所陈述的事实及细节进行推断。如果要是推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容，应在仔细阅读并理解了文章内容的基础上，重点分析文章的首、尾两段尤其是文章的开始句和结束句。针对文章人物性格的推断在考试中不太常见，但是对于人物性格的分析有助于理解作者的观点，因此，在阅读中要注意对人物的语言、动作、行为等的描述。
五语义题
所谓语义题就是从文章的某句话中选出一个单词、短语或词组进行提问，要求考生对其进行一定的分析，推测出其在文章中的特定含义。常见的提问方式有：
The word ”...”in line...probably means.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to “...”?
The author uses the expression “...”to refer to.
The word “...”can best be replaced by.
解题技巧：在解这类题时，首先要找到该词或短语所在的句子，然后确定单词的词性以及单词，短语等在句子中所起的语法作用，明确整个句子的含义，同时对上下文进行认真的分析，以确定上下文中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词。从而可以判断出正确答案。还可以根据上下文逻辑关系，联系日常生活中的有关常识，分析出合理的场景因素推断单词或短语的含义。此外，还可以利用构词法的知识，尤其是词缀法来猜测词义。
六是非题
是非题主要考查考生对某个特定细节的判断辨知能力。要求考生能根据文章的内容，对所提问题真实与否，在文章中是否提及等做出正确的判断。此类题常见的提问方式有：Which of the following statements is TRUE/NOT TRUE?
All the following are true except .
Which of the following is NOT mentioned (included, implied) in the passage?
All of the following statements have relevance to...except....
解题技巧：解此类题的主要方法为：排除法，即对四个选择项逐一对照分析以判断出正确选项。首先应该先把所给的选择项大体上看一下，可以先运用常识排除太绝对或不可能的选项，然后在选择项中定位关键词，迅速找到文章中相对应的部分，细读一下有关内容，与文章内容一致的即可肯定，不一致的即可否定。虽然这类问题主要涉及的是细节，但是我们不能忽视文章的中心。正确的答案是与文章的中心思想保持一致的。因此，回答这类问题时，要以中心思想为前提，与中心思想相一致的可能是正确答案，反之可能是错误答案。
以上简要介绍了大学英语四级阅读理解测试中常见的试题类型以及相应的解题技巧。但是应该注意的是，在实际阅读时，这些解题技巧的运用并非各自独立的，而是相互依存、相互交叉的。因此，大家在平时的学习中要注重培养自己灵活运用各种解题技巧的能力。
阅读理解题答案项特征
通过研究历届四六级阅读理解题，我们发现，在所列出的四个选项中，也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律，他(她)们就可以找到做题时的"第六感觉"，达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章，万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。
一答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有：must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。
例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ 。
A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant。
B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true。
C. most people have to take part-time jobs。
D. people have to change their jobs from time to time。
(分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有"have to"，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。)
例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ 。
A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life。
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago。
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。
(分析：B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化，故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择，命中率就极高了。)
二选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有：can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ 。
A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
(分析：选项B中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)
例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _____ 。
A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education?
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
(分析：答案项C中有have to, 语气太绝对化，故被排除。而A项中can't 的语气则不十分绝对化，故为答案。)
三选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。
例(1) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ 。
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
(分析：答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现，故被排除。B项中有often 一词，语气委婉，不十肯定，故为答案。)
例(2) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六级题35)
A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。
(分析：A项句子基本上是原文词句，C项中有already一词，语气太绝对化，故A、C 两项被排除。剩下B、D两项，而D项中有不十分肯定语气词may not,故选D。)
四较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。
例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers。
B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded。
C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet。
D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect。
(分析：根据短文内容可以看出，A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点，而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。) 例(2) The first paragraph is mainly about _____ .
A. the teenagers' criticism of their parents
B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
C. the dominance of the parents over their children
D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis
(分析：短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母，认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而B项意思是年青人和父母间的误解；C项意思是父母对他们孩子的统治；D项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容，可以明确看出，B、C、D三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的，而A项则较全面地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思，故为答案。)
五选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
例(1) The population in the 21st century _____ , according to the writer 。
A. will be smaller than a few years ago
B. will not be as small as people expect
C. will prove to be a threat to the world
D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected
(分析：选项A、B中都有small一词，该词在文中出现过，因而总觉肤浅，是字面之意。C项明显与文章不符，而D项表达的意义比small要深刻得多。)
例(2) From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one .
A. to be more successful in his career
B. to solve technical problems
C. to be more specialized in his field
D. to develop his professional skill
(分析：题意是"从文中看出员工素质有助于人们...。" B项题即"解决技术问题"；C项意即"深化专业"；D项"发展职业技能"。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。)
六选项中较符合常识的，易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。
例(1) Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _____ 。
A. stressing their high quality
B. unlinking him of their low price
C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
D. appealing to his buying motives
(分析：题干问的是"广告会通过什么办法能劝说顾客买那些没用的产品？"A项意思是通过强调质量，B项意思是使顾客意识到其产品价格低，C项意思是既考虑到质量又考虑到价格。这三项所表达的意思都是我们在看广告时能感受到的，生活中天天见到。故这样的选项一般不是答案。而D项意思是迎合了顾客购物心理，乍一看还不太明白，不好理解。而这样的选项往往是正确答案。)
例(2) Raising children, in the author's opinion, is . (1998年6月四级题32)
A. a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
(分析：题目问的是，"依作者观点，抚养孩子是"。依据我们日常生活所闻所见，抚养孩子就是A. "一种道德责任" B."不求回报的工作"。我们都觉得抚养孩子是人生义务，是天经地义的。这两项太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而C项"求回报的事"，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常识。但这样的选项就是答案。D项有inevitable 一词，语气太绝对化，故排除掉。此外，在作者态度题中，象中立态度(neutral)一般不是选项。在四个选项中，忽然有一个选项特别长或特别短，则此选项往往是正确选项。在两个选项中，如果除个别字外，其他部分完全一样，其中往往有一个是正确选项。"None of the above"往往是用作干扰项。)
第二篇：各类题型干扰项特点
新闻记者理解题一般采用主旨大意题、事实细节题、判断词汇题、逻辑推理题、作者观点态度题五种形式。考生若掌握了这些题型干扰项的特点，也有助于帮助自己排除干扰项，做出正确地选择。
一主旨大意题干扰项特点。
1 虽覆盖全文意思，但显得太笼统；
2其内容太窄，不能覆盖全文内容，只是文章内容的一部分，或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节；
3 与文章内容毫不相干，或与文章内容相悖。
例(1) The author write this passage to _____ 。
A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：文章中心意思是讲漂亮对女性的不利影响(But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability。)但B项表达的意思偏离了主题(不是提供建议)，且不是对所有外貌有魁力的人而言的；C项内容太笼统，太宽，不是讲女权平等；D项内容与文章主旨相反。故选A项。)
二细节题干扰项特点。
1 与原句内容相反；
2 与原文内容一半相同一半不同；
3 与原句内容相似但过于绝对化；
4 原文中根本没提到。
例(1) According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?(1996年1月六级题35)
A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood。
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man?
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。
(分析：此题是一个细节判断题。A项与原文内容相反，过于绝对化，原文是说由硅材料构成的计算机可能成为一种新的智慧生命，并不是说已经是。B 项内容原文中根本没提到。C项说计算机的推理能力目前已超过人类，但原文内容只是说到90年代，第6代计算机的问世，其推理能力才与人类的大脑相匹配，而不是已超过，故与原文内容有出入。因此答案是D项。)
三逻辑推理题干扰项特点
1 不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。
2 虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。
例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn't realize _____ 。
A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things
B. the importance of the proper land use
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
D. the extraordinary rapid growth of population
(分析：此题属从事实描述的基础上进行推理。短文主要讲了"环保是我们生活的一部分"。地下水位的重要性以及保护植被对保护源头的意义和充分利用江河中的水资源的意义。而文章开头就提出一种观点"我们要着手弥补先辈们的错误。"由此可推断出早期先辈们没有意识到水、土地、生物之间的相互依存关系，选A项。B、C项推理出的观点太窄，不能概括整段中心，D项短文中根本没提到。)
例(2) It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____ 。
A. has brought about an information revolution
B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
(分析：短文中句电子媒体本身是"信息革命"(information revolution)的一部分，而A项说"导致、带来"(brought about)信息革命，属推理过头。文中还谈到计算机本身是一种电子媒体，而这种媒体又是音乐物质文化的一个更为重要的部分，而B项"加速新一代计算机的产生"从逻辑上推不出来。D项说导致了传统乐器的变革，而文中根本没提到"traditional musical instruments"属不在事实基础上进行揄，故错。因此，选项C才是正确答案。)
四观点态度题干扰项特点
纵观历届四、六级阅读理解试题在考查学生揣测作者观点态度时，正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的(如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等), 要么是否定、批评、贬义性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等)而又以否定、贬义性居多。所以, 此类题型中的中性词(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均为干扰项。
由于近几年文章都是反映与社会联系紧密的，多为人们所担心的现象，故作者对这些社会现象持批评态度的较多。
例(1) The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _____ .
(分析：答案是(B)critical 其它选项(A)positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerant均为干扰项。) 例(2) What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _____ .
A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh。
C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh。
(分析：答案选C。表明作者的批语态度。)
例(3) The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _____ 。
(分析：正确答案为(C)critical, 其它选项(A)neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising 均为干扰项。)
第三篇：紧急状况下的阅读答题方法
做好阅读理解题，最理想的步骤是先迅速浏览五道题，大体了解一下五道题各自提问了什么，各选项句是什么意思。然后带着题干的提问略读全文，以最快的速度掌握所阅读材料中的主要内容和主要观点，模清五道题各自提问的内容大体在文章的什么位置，并做些相应的记号。接着开始逐个答题如果哪一题在略读基础上不能选出，再到文中相应的地方进行查读、细读，直至选出正确答案。五题全做完后，最后把五个选出的答案连起来看一看，检查一下是否存在明显的逻辑不通或相冲突。如果有，及时订正；如果没有，可以做下一篇文章。但是，如果考生时间实在不够了而剩下一、两篇还没做，在此紧急状况下，该如何阅读答题呢？下面介绍一些临门一脚的诀窍。
一针对主旨大意题只读段首、段尾句。一般来说，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主题思想往往通过段首、段尾句表达出来。考生迅速找到了这些主题句，也能答题。
例(1) The author writes this passage to _____ 。
A. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive。
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：考生若没有时间看整个文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句话：But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句话：While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能选出正确答案项A。)
例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ 。
A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities。
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.??
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities。
(分析：此题主要考某一段的中心意思。考生苦看到了该段第一句话：Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使没有通读全段，考生也应能选出A项为正确答案。)
二若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号、破折号)后内容出题，考生可只读例子、名人言话、符号前后句内容，然后符号题。
例(1) Tish Sommers argues that _____ .
A. older women find it hard to escape poverty。
B. older women usually perform better in their jobs
C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism
D. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism。
(分析：考生一看到题干，迅速到文章中找到Tish Sommers 的位置，人名开头字母大写，容易找到，且有双引号引用了她的原话："When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in the doorstep it moves in"。考生只要看看新引用的话及前后句内容，就能选出正确答案A 项。)
例(2) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ .
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep。
(分析：考生一看到此人名字，迅速从课文中找到，然后细读他所说的话："people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they're key because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."只要理解了这些话，考生应能选出B项。)
三如果题目只是针对某一段内容而提问，考生可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到时要交卷，而能做出的题因时间不足而瞎猜。
例(1) In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _____ 。(建议：考生看完第一段就做此题，不必看后面内容)
例(2) From the third paragraph, we can learn that _____ 。(建议：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答题。)
四针对词汇题，考生可只看词汇所在句和前后句内容即可答题，因为对单词字义的揣测，一般只通过单词所在句或前后句内容就能猜出。
例(1) The word "dubious"(Line. 2)most probably means _____ 。
A valuable B. useful C. doubtful D. helpful
(分析：对"dubious"一词词义的揣测，可根据该单词所在句和其前面一句话即可猜出。Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 从这两句可猜出dubious 是含有贬义、否定语气的，故选C。)
例(2) The word "hassles" in the passage (Line 4) probably means _____ 。
A. agreements
B. disadvantages
C. worries
D. quarrels
(分析：判断"hassles"意思，可从该词所在句前后句判断出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 从前后句意思及介词over, 考生可猜出"hassles"就是quarrels。)
Passage 1 By the time the Olympics begin in Atlanta this summer, the business world will have spent more than $ 1 billion to link their names and products to the Olympic Games. There are 10 Worldwide Sponsors, 10 Centennial Olympic Partners, about 20 regular sponsors and more than a hundred licensees. The Atlanta Games will boast an “official" scouring pad and timepiece, two official game shows, and three official vehicles: a family car, an import minivan and a luxury sedan. But what exactly do these companies reap for their huge investment At the very least, they command tickets to the most popular events, invitations to the best parties and prime hotel rooms. But most of all, according to US Postal Service, it is purchasing the right to spend money. And the right to spend money is expensive. The biggest backers, Olympic sponsors like Anheuser-Busch, Coca-Cola, Mcdonald's and Xerox, commit up to $ 40 million. But, getting the rights to the Olympic rings is only half the battle. The other half is the challenge to sort of wrap their product brands around that image. Often that means TV time. And at roughly $ 400 000 per 30-second spot, some of the biggest sponsors have already locked up every commercial slot in their product categories that NBC has to sell. Not everyone is convinced that the Games are worth the price of business admission. The biggest and most conspicuous naysayer is Nike. Its spokesman says:“If I see a Reebok official who may not be in the best shape firing the starting pistol and Carl Lewis wearing Nike shoes, I'm going to go with Carl because that's the authentic link." Nike's strategy is hard to argue with - instead of sponsoring the Olympics, it sponsors Olympians. Yet even Nike wants a piece of the Atlantic action. Along with some other nonsponsors, Nike is trying to dot downtown Atlanta with billboards. Advertisement, it's another Olympic event. 1. By “official vehicles", the author means . A. automobiles for Olympic officials B. automobiles used in official occasion C. automobiles that the Olympic participants must drive D. automobiles that allowed to bear the Olympic symbol 2. Which of the following is not an Olympic sponsor A. US Postal Service. B. Nike. C. Coca-Cola. D. Mcdonald's 3. The last sentence of this passage indicates . A. businesses trying to get publicity is a part of the Olympic Games B. what the Olympic non-sponsors do is of no interest to the Olympic organizers C. that businesses must try very hard to earn money from the Olympic Games as if they were themselves competing in the Games D. that those who fail to sponsor the Olympics this time will try very hard the next time 4. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage A. Companies use their Olympic sponsorship to promote sales of their products. B. To provide sportswear for Carl Lewis is a more effective advertisement than to provide suits for Olympic officials. C. NBC makes great profits from selling advertising time to companies eager to impress potential customers during the Olympic Games. D. Nike looks down upon the Olympic Games. 5. Which of the following can best sum up the passage A. Businesses want to profit from the Olympics. B. The 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址） 【阅读练习】 Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems —both legal and educational —for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway”youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education. 1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____. A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education 2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____. A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000 C) 440,000 D) 110,000 3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____. A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children B) the homeless population is growing rapidly
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.
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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 综合题，请根据题目给出的内容，来回答下面给出的试题。An unidentified wit once said, "laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone." Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify. It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores; this means that there are approximately 21 million people --- women as well as men - who render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snores come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened. 请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的单项选择题（下列每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题0分，共5题。）16. If each snorer disturbs the sleep of one other person,the number of Americans that are unfortunately subjected the sound of the snores will be _____. A ：one out of five B ：one out of eight C ：eight out of one hundred D ：one out of eighteen 请选择答案：A:B:C:D:17. The snoring is caused by _____. A ：the soft palate and other structures of the throat B ：the inflwoing and outflwoing air through the nose C ：the inflowing and outflowing air throught mouth D ：the vibrations as a result of the inflwoing and outflowing air 请选择答案：A:B:C:D:18. If a person produces short snores,most probably he has _____. A ：a soft palate B ：a big nose
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］ In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET. TEXT A As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”, which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters”—corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis. 16. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings. B. The movement of American Indians across North America. C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians. D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America. 17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___ A. very small B. highly advanced C. difficult to defend D. quickly constructed TEXT B Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.[JP] The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done
2洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 阅读练习】 Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.A) available B) background C) different D) tallE) totally F) taken G) descriptions H) degreeI) clues J) alone K) appear L) considerM) full N) hobby O)fetched ANSWER: 1.选J)。此处应填副词。可选项有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的细节仅仅能告诉我们这个人的健康状况，平时的营养状况以及他所从事的工作而不能看出他所处的阶级，故排除totally而选alone“惟一”。 2.选D)。此处应填形容词。因此此句和前一句是在将以前的工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况进行对比，故此处应填与small“矮的”意思相反的词，选项中只有tall符合题意。而full“丰满的”不能用来修饰sporting types,故排除。 3.选G)。此处应填名词。现在的生活和工作条件改善了，情况已经不同了。而such指代的是上文中对一百年以前工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况的身体状况的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合题意。 4.选B)。此处应填名词。根据句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，选项中有background和hobby，选background“人的背景，社会阶层”，符合文章主题。 5.选I)。由as well可知，此处应填名词且与本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近，选项中只有clues“线索”符合题意。 6.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。选项中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式；而consider带不定式的复合结构，用于主动语态时，consider后面得接宾语，故选appear。7选F)。这句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any opportunity is...。可选项有taken和fetched,take“抓住”则可以与opportunity搭
专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习试题 As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe －sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably1 like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense2 against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them pueblos3 , which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery4 and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people