妙记8 言简意明的非谓语动词和with/without复合结构
众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句
写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。
①I want to improve myself by reading some books.The books were written in the Tang Dynasty.
→I want to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty.
我想通过读一些书来提高自己，这些书是在唐朝时期写的。
②Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province.It has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.
→Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
泰山位于山东省。它一直是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，有许多中国传奇故事。
[即时演练]用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.
→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom. (用过去分词作定语)
2．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.
→The_boy's_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.(用动名词作主语)
3．The students were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the homework earlier.
→The_students_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_homework_earlier.(用动词不定式作目的状语)
二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句
用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可。
①I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin so that I will be both physically and mentally qualified for this job.
→In order to be both physically and mentally qualified for this job, I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin.(2017·天津高考书面表达) 我一直在锻炼，阅读书籍和有关天津的网上资料，这样我在身体上和精神上都能胜任这项工作。
②Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
→Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)
因为我认为他的解决办法可能是错误的，我仔细分析了这个问题，并试图用另一种方法来解决它。
[即时演练]用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．(2015·广东高考满分作文)If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
→Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_make_ob vious_progress.
2．(2014·山东高考写作)When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.
3．(2014·浙江高考书面表达)When I know that our library is going to buy some books, I'd like to give some suggestions.
→Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_I'd_like_to_give_some_suggesti ons.
4．(2013·湖南高考满分作文)After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
三、非谓语动词的常用句型
1．remain to be done “有待于被……”
Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.
我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。
2．疑问词＋to do
To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.(2014·江西高考满分作文)
对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。
3．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done
We'll take the books when participating in the Summer Camp this July to your school.(2015·天津高考书面表达)
我们将于今年7月赴你们学校参加夏令营时带去(赠)书。
4．easy/difficult/hard ...to do ...
Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of.
像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。
5．prefer to do ... rather than do .../would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ... “宁愿做……，而不愿做……”
Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面交谈。
6．having done ...“已经……”
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.(2014·江西高考单选) 我们几乎把所有的钱都花光了，没有钱住宾馆了。
7．by doing ... “通过做……”
Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.
在竞争激烈的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得更坚强。
8．only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的结果)“不料，竟然……”
What's worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.
更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，不料被建议卧床休息三天。
9．judging by/from ... “根据……判断”
Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
10．compared with/to ... “与……比较”
Compared to the traditional shoes, they have three new unique functions.(2014·湖南高考满分作文)
与传统的鞋子相比，它们有三个新的独特功能。
11．be said/reported/considered ...to do ... “据说/报道/认为……”
The boy is said to have learned 2,000 words by heart so far.
据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。
[即时演练]用非谓语动词补全句子
1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)回顾过去的两周，我们忍不住想起了我们在课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。
Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_we can't help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.
2．已经排队等了半个小时，这个老人突然想起他把飞机票落在车里了。
Having_waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the plane ticket in the car.
3．当参加重要的考试时，对一个学生来说，保持一个好的心态是很重要的。
It's very important for a student to keep up a good state of mind while_taking_important_
exams.
四、用“with/without复合结构”简化句子
写作时，我们可以利用with/without复合结构让句子结构紧凑，言简意明。
①As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
→With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016·北京高考书面表达)
随着“地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为绿色地球采取行动。
②In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table and there are a pile of bamboo books on it.
→In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.(2015·福建高考满分作文)
在画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆竹简。
此结构由“介词with或without＋复合结构”构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分宾语补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
with结构构成方式如下：
(1)with或without＋名词/代词＋形容词
(2)with或without＋名词/代词＋副词
(3)with或without＋名词/代词＋介词短语
(4)with或without＋名词/代词＋动词不定式
(5)with或without＋名词/代词＋分词
She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with＋名词＋形容词)
她走进房间，因为天气冷鼻子通红。
With the meal over, we all went home.(with＋名词＋副词)
吃完饭后，我们都回家了。
The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with＋名词＋介词短语) 胳膊下夹着一根尺子，大师走来走去。
He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without＋代词＋不定式)
没有我帮他，他不能完成这项工作。
She fell asleep with the light burning.(with＋名词＋现在分词)
灯亮着她睡着了。
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without＋代词＋过去分词)
橱柜里没有任何东西，她出去找东西吃。
[即时演练]用with复合结构补全句子
1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。
With_all_the_work_done,_we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.
2．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)有更多的人参加投票，结果会更客观可靠。
With_more_people_taking_part_in_the_voting,_the result will be more objective and reliable.
3．士兵让他背朝着他父亲站在那儿。
The soldier had him stand with_his_back_to_his_father.
4．他低着头站在老师面前。
He stood before his teacher with_his_head_down.
5．有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。
With_so_many_people_to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time.
第2讲?记叙文 记叙文是以叙述或描写的手法来表达、以记人或叙事为主要内容的一种文体，叙述人们的经历或事物的发展变化过程。记叙文大致可分为两类；以记人为主的记叙文和以记事为主的记叙文。前者主要以人物的经历、活动或性格为特征进行叙述，重在人物的活动；后者主要对某一事件的发生、发展和结果进行叙述，重在叙述事情发生、发展的过程。记叙文具备六大要素，即时间、地点、人物，事件、原因和结果。写记叙文时，要交代清楚时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)和事件(what)，然后再进一步叙述事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)等要素。记叙文的命题形式主要是提纲式和图画式。写作时，时间、地点、人物等要素一般会出现在题目提示或图画中，有时也会出现有关要素不确定的情况。 1．人物介绍常用词句模板 (1) ... was born in ... (some place) on ... (the date)． (2) ... is considered to be one of the greatest ... (3)be admitted to ... college; graduate from ... department of ... University. (4)When at college, he majored in ... and received a doctor's degree. (5)be interested in ... /be fond of ... (6)From ... to ... , he first worked as ... , and then he became ... . (7)win a prize/the first prize in ... competition (8)one of the best/most important ... (9)set ... a good example (10)be respected by everyone 2．叙事常用词句模板 (1)I was about to do ... when ... (2)It was snowing/raining heavily/hard on Monday morning. (3)Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise. (4)The sun was shining and the birds were singing. (5)All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. (6)Time flew and two hours had passed before we realized it. (7)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.
英语高考单项选择 真题部分-2004年浙江省 21. The winner of 1990 was extremely bad. _____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A. At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result 22. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 23. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 24. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 25. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _____ as planned. A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up 26. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 27. ---- What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. ----- _____. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It’s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 28. --- Brad was Jane’s brother! ---_______ he reminded me so much of Jane! A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course 29. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 30. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____. A. act B. help C. serve D. last 31. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 32. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---- ______ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 33. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______. A. none B. either C. any D. each 34. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 35. A nyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. Which
高三英语专项训练----语法填空 （1）(Topic: ) Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out 16 _______ they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town，he placed 17 ___ very large stone. Then he 18____ (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, 19____ he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.20 ______ man came along and did the same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained about the stone but did not tried to remove 21______. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 22 _______ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark. Some neighbors will come along later 23 _____ the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 24 ________ (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 25 ________ the stone，he found a bag of money. （2）(Topic: ) The best gift I ever received is the parents that were given to me. I could not have picked out 16 _______ (good) parents myself. My mom is smart，funny，and very artistic. She loves painting and encouraging other people to paint as well. She owns 17______ own book and art store. And at night she teaches adult 18 ________ (educate). She helps kids 19 _________ have dropped out of high school 20 _________ (get) their diploma. She always has time for me and my brothers. She hardly ever gets mad 21 ______ us and loves doing new things with us，22 _____ going to a new museum or going out onto the beach in the middle of the winter and taking pictures at the beach in the snow. My dad knows 23 _____ to fix anything and loves to play musical instruments. He helps me with my science projects and other school projects. He works hard to make money for our family and hardly ever complains. He loves skating with me and 24______ (build) us a half pipe and other cool things. So I have to say that 25 _______ gift I’m most grateful for is the one the God gave me—my parents. （3）(Topic: ) Sometimes Chinese English teachers are puzzled by such questions，“Have you got any skills in reading comprehension?” Actually，many of the teachers can’t give students 16 ___ efficient way to deal with reading. Anyway，17 _____ often simply say，“Read more and practise more，and you 18 ______ (get) more experience in reading comprehension.” Frankly, these teachers’ good 19_________ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students’ interest in reading 20 ____ not helpful to deal wit h the questions in the examinations of reading comprehension. Personally，I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 21 ______ the knowledge of English writing. Since the English passages are written under some rules or principles，the science of reading 22 ______understanding may have a close relationship with writing.
概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes…… He then points out that…… In addition, the author talks about…… Finally, the author suggests…… Some other introductory phrases: *(The author) states in (this article) that…
概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the King of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the King ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long－lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: Clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first－time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground.
高考英语第二轮复习单项选择题专项练习200题 1．There is still much to discuss. We shall, ____________, return to this item at our next meeting. A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．briefly 2．The door and the windows were all closed and there was no ___________ of forced entry. A．scene B．signal C．sign D．sight 3．—Would you have your family get together this New Year’s Day? — ___________. We are busy working at that time. A．No way B．Not at all C．No problem D．No chance 4．—The National College Entrance Examination is drawing near. All we should do is make the best use of time. —I can’t agree more. Every minute ________. A．needs B．counts C．acquires D．urges 5．—I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didn’t recognize the voice. — Oh, it __________ my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment. A．must have been B．should have been C．could have been D．may have been 6．He has recently ___________ tennis to relax himself. A．taken off B．taken up C．put up D．put out 7．To our excitement, two _________ of students __________ a success after three years’hard work. A．scores; scored B．score; lost C．scores; made D．score; scored 8．Our class _________ all fond of singing English songs and we can sing ________ than others. A．is; many more B．are; many more C．is; much more D．are; much more 9．The long-lasting meeting __________ in disorder, __________ no conclusion. A．was ended; reached B．ended; reaching C．was ended; reaching D．ended; to reach 10．If you feel tired and sick of fat foods, that is _______ you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination. A．why B．what C．when D．whether 11．The overseas Chinese scientist made another wonderful discovery, ___________ of great value to study AIDS. A．which I think it is B．which I think is C．I think it is D．I think is 12．Americans are nervous ____________ the prospect of a nuclear-armed Iran, but also worry __________ the ability of the United States and the United Nations to deal with the situation. A．about; about B．to; about C．for; about D．for; for 13．When __________ comes to golf, I know nothing and I have no interest in this match. A．this B．that C．it D．one 14．—You can’t enter the building without __________ permission. —I’ve lost __________ permission card. A．the; a B．a; the C．\; the D．\; \ 15．—I hear that Bai Shan can’t afford his schooling this fall. —___________, l et’s do something for him. A．If so B．Where possible C．When necessary D．What a shame 16. --- I have just had my watch repaired. --- How much did they for that? A. cost B. charge C. spend D. take 17. --- It’s been a wonderful Halloween Party. Thank you very much. --- ___________. A. My pleasure B. I’m glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It’s OK 18. --- How about the book you are reading? --- Good indeed. It ___________ many problems we have come across in our study. A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers 19. The room is in a terrible mess; it __________ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. may have been D. would be 20. He ___________ the test, but he wasn't careful enough.
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如： the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如： the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如： the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students.
高考英语作文写作基础——篇章结构 一. 教学内容： 高考写作专题——篇章结构 纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等，不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。 篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息；而叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然，后者是失败的表达，即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。 下面，让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。 （一）记叙文体 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文的写作要素： 1 要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who ,how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。 2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，从而理解文章主题。 3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时。 记叙文的篇章结构： 开头the beginning——交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。 中间the middle——交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。（可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。如：at first…then…few minutes later…） 结尾the ending——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。（所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑）。 例如NEMT2000 假设你是李华，正在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。 注意：1. 目击者应该准确报告事实 2. 词数100左右 3. 结尾已为你写好 ____________________________________________________________________________ About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua 要点解析：仔细观察所提供的图画，寻找记叙文的写作要点。 1. 时间：2000年2月8日 2. 地点：公园路公园门前
第四编 缺乏衔接过渡的文章，就好比一串断了线的珍珠，每个词句虽光彩夺目，拿出来却七零八落，不堪受用。要想成就一篇美文，光靠一个个华丽词句的堆砌不行，还需要穿珠之线，这个线就是衔接过渡。 增分技法(一) 过渡自然的对比用语 比较和对照法是英语作文的基本写作方法之一。在这类作文的表达中，要使作文连贯、流畅，有条理，灵活运用对比类过渡连接词至关重要，过渡词也是信息词，能较好地表明作者想比较或对照的意图。对比用语大致分为两类： (一)相似的比较。常用的有 (一方面……另一方面)， (以相同的方式，同样地)，(正如)， (相似地，类似地)， (同样地)。 如：- , , , , . 我认为这是一种双赢的活动。一方面，我可以帮助照顾孩子。另外一方面，我可以提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，并丰富我的暑假生活。 [应用体验] 翻译句子 ①我想尽力做得最好，但同时我也得考虑费用。 '. ②正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思，单个句子也可以改变一段话的意思。 . ③那么我们如何解决这个问题呢？就我个人而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决方式。一方面，自行车不需要任何汽油，它们是节能的。另一方面，自行车是环保的，因为它们不会排放废气。另外，骑自行车是我们锻炼的好方式并且它有益于我们的健康。 ''-''. (二)还有一种对比是表示相反的意思：如： (另外一方面)， (相反)， (与……比较)， (与……比较)， ()(和……对比)， (代替)， (而；然而)， (不像)， (然而；仍然)， (然而；反之)， (然而)。 ① , ' , .作为一个公民，我们不能做损害我们的城市的事。相反，我们应该遵守城市规则，保护城市环境。 ②, , , , , - . 然而，其他学生反对这一观点，认为建于年的北京动物园有着年的历史，并且享誉国内外。 [应用体验] 翻译句子 ①我可不像你，我不太会跳舞。
高中英语单项选择题精选（4） 1.He asked me _____ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 2. ---What did he want to know? ---______ I could finish writing the report. A. When was it B. It was when that C. It was when D. When it was that 3. Enjoying popular songs on the Internet had greatly _____ me the trouble of going to the video shops to purchase some VCDs. A. shared B. spared C. canceled D. cost 4. ---Are you going to have a holiday this year? ---I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place _____. A. off B. out C. behind D. over 5. You can’t do _____ your friends ask you to do. You’d better think first. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 6. ---I’m afraid I’ll keep you waiting a little longer. ---______. I can wait all my life only if you can work it out for me. A. Well, excuse me. B. Oh, come on C. Well, let it alone D. oh, my god 7. ---How come a simple meal like this cost so much? ---We have ____ in your bill the cost of the teapot you broke just now. A. added B. included C. obtained D. charged 8. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ___ left in the house. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 9. Don’t respond to any e-mails ___ personal information ,no matter how official they look. A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning 10.I want to know when he ____ for New York. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. would left 11.He _____ out when it began to rain. A. is going B. was going C. is about to go D. went 12. ---I’m going to the States. ---How long ____ you ____ in the States ? A. are, stayed B. are staying