《中国人失掉自信力了吗》课文赏析
《中国人失掉自信力了吗》写于1934年9月25日，时值“九一八”事变(三周年)和“七七”事变之间。当时，日本帝国主义的铁蹄在践踏了东北三省之后，又向关内步步进逼，亡国的威胁迫在眉睫，悲观失望的情绪主宰了一部分人的头脑。1934年8月27日《大公报》社评《孔子诞辰纪念》哀叹：“民族的自尊心与自信力，既已荡焉无存，不待外侮之来，国家固早已濒于精神幻灭之域。”针对这种论调，鲁迅在他53岁时，写下了这篇著名的杂文。他以鲜明的爱憎，强有力地批判了“中国人失掉自信力了”的错误论调，无情地揭露与抨击国民党反动政府卖国投降、自欺欺人的无耻丑行，同时又无限深情地热烈讴歌了人民大众前仆后继、英勇斗争的战斗精神，给那些往中国人民脸上抹黑的家伙以当头一棒!
一、结构缜密，层次清楚
全文分为三部分：
第一部分(1～2)：引出错误论点“中国人失掉自信力了”。第二部分(3～8)：分析揭露“中国人失掉自信力了”的实质，旗帜鲜明地提出“我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在”，并摆事实加以证明。
第三部分(9)：作者针对陈词滥调，作出剖析，从表面看，是那些“求神拜佛，怀古伤今”者失掉了自信力，而那“地
底下”的是中国的脊梁，他们并没有失掉自信力。
二、立场鲜明，爱憎分明
文章的前半部分表示的是对那些对国家丧失信心、卖国投降、自欺欺人的人的深恶痛绝，是犀利的讽刺和无情的嘲笑;而后半部分，却是对中国人民的优秀儿女的衷心爱戴，无比崇敬，是热情似火的讴歌。一曲高亢激越的“脊梁颂”之后，便热情赞颂中国共产党人“有自信，不自欺”，“前仆后继的战斗”。在白色恐怖中写得这样字字含情，句句有意，是何等难能可贵!犀利如刀与热情似火，是两种不同的情感状态，却又和谐地统一在一篇优秀杂文里，给人以强烈的感染力。
这篇杂文使用了许多“人”字句，其所指对象有所不同。如：1、于是有人慨叹曰：中国人失掉自信力了。──“有人”指国民党反动统治者及其御用文人。“中国人”，指所有的中国人。
2、假使这也算一种“信”，那也只能说中国人曾经有过“他信力”，自从对国联失望之后，便把这“他信力”都失掉了。──“中国人”指国民党反动统治者及其御用文人。
3、中国人现在是在发展着“自欺力”。──“中国人”指国民党反动统治者及其御用文人。
4、然而，在这笼罩之下，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。──“中国人”指广大人民。
5、我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拼命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法的人……──“埋头苦干的人”指广大劳动人民，包括为人类做出有益贡献的知识分子。“拼命硬干的人”指反对国内剥削阶级和外来侵略者的革命志士、民族英雄。“为民请命的人”指同情人民，为人民鸣不平、伸张正义的人。“舍身求法的人”指英勇献身、追求真理的人。
6、这一类的人们，就是现在也何尝少呢?──“这一类的人们”指上边所说的“埋头苦干的人”等几类人。
7、说中国人失掉了自信力，用以指一部分人则可，倘若加于全体，那简直是诬蔑。──“中国人”指所有的中国人。“一部分人”即少数人，指国民党反动统治者及其御用文人。
8、要论中国人，必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗，却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。──“中国人”指除极少数顽固分子以外的广大的中国人民。这些“人”所指各不相同，但都无不寄予着作者强烈的褒贬感情。
三、尖锐泼辣，犀利有力
本文的论述语言保持了鲁迅杂文的一贯风格：泼辣、犀利、有力，富有战斗性和嘲讽意味，感情色彩浓。本文所批驳的言论，实际上是混淆是非，诋毁民族精神。对于这种反动言论，理所当然要采取严正的态度，痛加批驳。
例如，在文章开头，“总自夸着‘地大物博
’”“只希望着国联”“一味求神拜佛，怀古伤今了”，充满着嘲讽意味。“总”，一副自我炫耀、夜郎自大的样子;“只”，一副仰人鼻息、抓救命稻草的形象;“一味”，沉迷于其中不能自拔，顽固不化的样子。这些尖锐泼辣的语言，栩栩如生地漫画式地画出了悲观论者的脸谱，给读者留下深刻印象。作者巧妙地运用了比喻、排比、反问、仿拟等修辞方法，大大增强了语言的说服力和感染力。尤其是仿拟，仿照“自信力”造出“他信力”“自欺力”，显出了作者高超的语言艺术。仅仅改动一个字，就将反动当局仰人鼻息、自欺欺人的形象刻画得入木三分，令人难忘。而且睿智闪烁、机趣横生，增添了辛辣的讽刺锋芒。又如第2段：“我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人……也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是中国的脊梁”这段话字里行间流露出对这部分中国人的赞美歌颂，显示出作者强烈的感情色彩。
四、破立结合，多种论证方法结合
1、采用了立驳结合的论证方式：
课文第二部分直接反驳谬误论据，是驳论。第三部分间接反驳谬误论点，从正面立论，对方的论点不攻自破。立驳结合，增加了文章的说服力。
2、运用了多种论证方法：
第3、4段结合事实讲道理，第7、8段主要采用了事实论证。
另外，文章还多处运用比喻论证，如第7段“也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是中国的脊梁”，第9段：“要论中国人，必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗，却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。”
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
【小学语文】人教版六年级语文(上下册)重点课文知识点梳理
【小学语文】人教版六年级语文(上下册)重点课文知识点梳 理 一、重点课文可能涉及到的考点 1、作者 2、文章标题及含义 3、文中重点问题 4、蕴含的哲理（中心思想） 5、写作方法（包括文体） 6、评价主要人物 7、文章情节 二、六年级上册课文重点内容 （一）第一单元重点课文：《山中访友》《草虫的村落》 ★《山中访友》 1、作者：李汉荣 2、标题含义：山中访友运用拟人手法;访;拜访;友：指山中的一切自然界的朋友。 3、重点问题： （1）说说作者在山中都拜访了哪些“朋友”;想一想课文为什么以“山中访友”为题。 答：作者拜访的“朋友有老桥、鸟儿、露珠、树、山泉、溪流、瀑布、悬崖、白云、云雀、落花、落叶等一切自然界的朋友。作者以“山中访友” 为题目是运用拟人的手法;将自然界的一切都称之为朋友;这样写更能激发读者的阅读兴趣。（2）读读下面的句子;体会这样写的好处。 ①啊;老桥;你如一位德高望重的老人;在这涧 水上站了几百年了吧? 答：作者把“老桥”比喻为“一位德高望重的老人”;“站”是拟人的用法;不但写出了桥的古老;而且也突出了它默默无闻为大众服务的品质;充分表达了作者对桥的赞美和敬佩。 ②走进这片树林;鸟儿呼唤我的名字;露珠与我交换眼神。 答：拟人化的手法;形象地表达了作者和鸟儿、露珠这两位朋友和作者之间的默契和亲密的情谊。 2 / 17
3 / 17
（1）课文是从三个方面来叙述詹天佑主持修筑京张铁路的过程：（勘测线路）、（开凿隧道）、（设计“人”字形线路）。 （2）詹天佑开凿居庸关采用的是（两端同时向中间凿进法）开凿八达岭采用的是（中部凿井法、两端凿进法）。 2、中心思想：课写了我国杰出爱国工程师詹天佑克服重重困难主持修筑京张铁路, 表现了詹天佑的爱国主义精神和卓越才能;反映了人民的智慧和力量。 3、人物评价：詹天佑是一个（不怕困难;勇于挑战;工作严谨;热爱祖国）的人。 ★《怀念母亲》 1、作者：季羡林 2、标题含义：怀念两个母亲：亲生母亲和祖国母亲。 3、重点问题 （1）“我的祖国母亲;我是第一次离开她。不知道为什么;我这个母亲也频来入梦。(“频来入梦”是什么意思?你知道祖国母亲“频来入梦”的原因吗?) 答：“频来入梦”的意思是祖国母亲经常到梦中来。作者远离故土;身居异国他乡;尤其作者是第一次离开祖国;犹如孩子离开母亲的怀抱;心中无限思念。日有所思;夜有所想;所以“祖国母亲”不断在梦中浮现。 （2）然而这凄凉并不同普通的凄凉一样;是甜蜜的;浓浓的;有说不出的味道;浓浓地糊在心头。(为什么我在想到故乡、老朋友时;心里感到凄凉;却又是甜蜜的?) 答：凄凉是因为作者身在异国小城;心中有忧愁、有思念;甜蜜是因为回想起故国的亲朋好友;感到他们无处不在;他们是那样牢固地烙印在自己的记忆深处;在作者孤寂时陪伴着他;心中自然又多了一丝安慰。 4、中心思想：本文表达了作者对亲生母亲永久的思念和悔恨;对祖国母亲不变的爱意和崇敬。 4 / 17
Lesson 1 Excuse me! 对不起! Listen to the tape then answer this question. Whose handbag is it? 听录音,然后回答问题,这是谁的手袋? Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbag? Pardon? Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. New Word and expressions 生词和短语 excuse v. 原谅 me pron. 我(宾格) yes
adv. 是的 is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数 this pron.这 your possessive adjective 你的,你们的handbag n. (女用)手提包 pardon int. 原谅,请再说一遍 it pron.它 thank you 感谢你(们) very much 非常地
参考译文 对不起 什么事? 这是您的手提包吗? 对不起,请再说一遍。 这是您的手提包吗? 是的,是我的。非常 感谢! Lesson 3 Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。 Listen to the tape then answer this question. 听录音,然后回答问题。这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞? My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you, sir. Number five. Here's your umbrella and your coat.
必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her d iary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..." She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them
小学毕业考试重点课文复习资料（六年级上） 一、重点课文可能涉及到的考点 1、作者 2、文章标题及含义 3、文中重点问题 4、蕴含的哲理（中心思想） 5、写作方法（包括文体） 6、评价主要人物 7、文章情节 二、六年级上册课文重点内容 （一）第一单元重点课文：《山中访友》《草虫的村落》 ★《山中访友》 1、作者：李汉荣 2、标题含义：山中访友运用拟人手法；访，拜访；友：指山中的一切自然界的朋友。 3、重点问题： （1）说说作者在山中都拜访了哪些“朋友”，想一想课文为什么以“山中访友”为题。答：作者拜访的“朋友有老桥、鸟儿、露珠、树、山泉、溪流、瀑布、悬崖、白云、云雀、落花、落叶等一切自然界的朋友。作者以“山中访友”为题目是运用拟人的手法，将自然界的一切都称之为朋友，这样写更能激发读者的阅读兴趣。 （2）读读下面的句子，体会这样写的好处。 ①啊，老桥，你如一位德高望重的老人，在这涧水上站了几百年了吧? 答：作者把“老桥”比喻为“一位德高望重的老人”，“站”是拟人的用法，不但写出了桥的古老，而且也突出了它默默无闻为大众服务的品质，充分表达了作者对桥的赞美和敬佩。 ②走进这片树林，鸟儿呼唤我的名字，露珠与我交换眼神。 答：拟人化的手法，形象地表达了作者和鸟儿、露珠这两位朋友和作者之间的默契和亲密的情谊。 4、中心思想：作者与“山中朋友”互诉心声，营造了一个如诗如画的世界，表达了作者对大自然的无限热爱。 5、写作方法：构思新奇、富有想象力的散文，采用比喻、拟人、排比等手法，使文笔生动活泼，很好地表达了对山中“朋友”的那份深厚感情。 ★《草虫的村落》 1、作者：郭枫 2、标题含义：比喻句，指虫子们的快乐天地。村落：森林边缘的小丘。 3、重点问题 （1）想一想随着作者的目光，你在“草虫的村落”看到些什么。 答：我们和作者一道在草虫的村落看到了街道、小巷、来来往往的“村民们”、花色斑斓的小圆虫、庞大的蜥蜴、甲虫音乐家们、搬运食物的“村民们”、气象观测者、建筑工程师。（2）填空：作者看到一只孤零零地在草丛中爬行的小虫，把它想象成了（一位“游侠”）；看到花色斑斓的小圆虫，把它们想象（成“南国的少女”）；看到振动翅膀的甲虫，把它们想象（成“音乐家”）；看到推着食物行走的甲虫，把它们想象（成从远方归来的“劳动者”） 4、中心思想：作者以奇异的想象，追随着一只爬行的小虫，对草虫的村落作了一次奇异的游历，从中反映了作者对大自然、对小生物的喜爱之情。 5、写作方法：这是一篇散文，它在表达上颇具特色。作者充分发挥丰富的（想象），运用（拟人、比喻）等修辞手法，将一个草虫世界生动地展现在大家面前。
Lesson1: Excuse me! Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbag? Pardon? Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. Lesson 3:Sorry sir. My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you sir. Number five. Here is your umbrella and your coat. This is not my umbrella. Sorry sir. Is this your umbrella? No, it isn't. Is this it? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. Lesson 5: Nice to meet you. Good morning. Good morning, Mr. Blake. This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is a French. Sophie, this is Hans. He is German. Nice to meet you. And this is Naoko.
She’s Japanese. Nice to meet you. And this is Chang-woo. He’s Korean. (朝鲜人) Nice to meet you. And this is Luming. He’s Chinese. Nice to meet you. And this is Xiaohui. She’s Chinese, too. Nice to meet you. Lesson 7: Are you a teacher? I’m a new student. My name’s Robert. Nice to meet you. My name’s Sophie. Are you French? Yes, I’m. Are you French, too? No, I’m not. What nationality are you? I’m Ital ian. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not. What’s your job? I’m a keyboard operator. What’s your job? I’m an engineer. Lesson 9: How are you today? Hello, Helen. Hi, Steven. How are you today?
必修 4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..." She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own
六（上）语文常识练习 培养良好的学习习惯(11) 1、本学期培养的良好学习习惯：不懂就问、勤于搜集资料。 2、搜集资料的途径有：看报刊、采访、上网、参观有关展览。 3、搜集资料常用的方法有：做摘抄笔记、拍照片、编辑剪报、制作资料卡片。 1、我们爱你啊，中国 1、《我们爱你啊，中国》是一首诗歌，作者以饱含感情的笔墨赞美祖国的美丽 富饶以及悠久的历史，光辉的成就，抒发了对伟大祖国的无比热爱，全诗按总分总 的结构写的。 2、全诗分为三部分，开头歌颂祖国的（幅员辽阔）、总写（对祖国的热爱）。 第二部分从从五个方面赞美了祖国，即（山河无比壮丽，物产闻名世界，民族风物迷人，文化古老灿烂，民族精神伟大）抒发了对祖国的无比热爱之情。学了课文，我想用这些成语来赞美祖国：地大物博、气壮山河、山清水秀、锦绣中华、万里河山。 2、郑成功 1、《郑成功》是一篇历史故事，记述了明朝末年民族英雄郑成功收复台湾，建 设台湾的史实，歌颂了郑成功的爱国热情和民族气节。 2、中国历史上的十大民族英雄：文天祥岳飞郑成功林则徐张自忠 戚继光霍去病郑和史可法刘仁轨 当代民族英雄：鲁迅钱学森邓稼先许海峰邓小平 3、郑成功是中国明清之际军事家、民族英雄。台湾是中国的第一大岛。 4、明朝末年，荷兰侵略者强占了我国的宝岛台湾。他们残酷地奴役台湾同胞，台湾人民恨透了这伙强盗。 从祖国内地来到台湾的，有不少爱国的读书人，郑成功让他们办起了学校。他还规定高山族子弟读书可以免除徭役。这样一来，高山族和汉族的关系更融洽了。郑成功建设台湾的两件实事是：发展生产，兴办教育。 民族英雄郑成功收复台湾、建设台湾的伟大功业，是我们永远也不会忘记的。这句话在全文中起总结全文、深化中心作用。 5、载歌载舞：载：又、且。负隅顽抗：负，依仗、依靠；隅，角落。 6、背诵第5、9两小节。 3、把我的心脏带回祖国 1、《把我的心脏带回祖国》这篇课文讲了波兰音乐家肖邦身在异国他乡不忘亡 国之恨，弥留之际请求把心脏带回祖国，表达了对祖国强烈的爱。 2、肖邦：波兰最伟大的作曲家、钢琴家，被称为“浪漫主义的钢琴诗人”，作 品有《革命练习曲》、《悲伤》。 3、中外爱国音乐家有：贝多芬、莫扎特、舒伯特、冼星海、聂耳。 4、背诵课文第2自然段。 5、课后第4题：a、埃斯内尔把泥土作为“特殊礼物”送给肖邦，为的是让肖 邦永远不要忘记自己的祖国。b、“弥留之际”指病重快要死的时候，肖邦对姐姐说的话，表达了他至死不忘祖国强烈的爱国情感。 6、悲愤欲绝：欲，将要。绝，死亡。与世长辞：辞，告别。 4、古诗两首 1、《闻官军收河南河北》是唐代诗人杜甫的作品，被前人称为“杜甫生平第一快诗”。这首诗描写了诗人听到官军收复失地的消息之后惊喜欲狂的心情，反映了诗人渴望安定生活的思想。“即从巴峡穿巫峡，便下襄阳向洛阳。”这一句准确地表达了诗人的归心似箭和为收复失地而喜悦的心情。 （2）杜甫被誉为“诗圣”，他的诗被誉为“诗史”。 （3）全诗体现了一个“喜”字，从“初闻涕泪满衣裳”、“漫卷诗书喜欲狂”、“白日放歌须纵酒”、“却看妻子愁何在”等词句可以体会到诗人因听到大唐军队收复失地而欣喜。 2、《示儿》是南宋爱国诗人陆游的绝笔，诗中作者以遗嘱的口吻，表达了作者对收复失地、洗雪国耻、重新统一祖国的无比渴望。 （1）爱国名句：人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青——文天祥 一身报国有万死，双鬓向人无再青——陆游 我自横刃向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑——谭嗣同 （2）爱国诗篇：陆游《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》、《十一月四日风雨大作》
Lesson 1: Excuse me! Excuse me! [劳驾，请问，对不起] Yes? Is this your handbag? [handbag的发音，当两个爆破音连在一起时前一个失去爆破，故读作：han(d)bag] Pardon? [请原谅，请再说一遍。完整句型：I beg your pardon？] Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. [亦可用Thank you或Thanks，表示强调时用Thanks a lot] 笔记： 1、excuse 1）v. 原谅。eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。 2）n. 借口。eg. It‘s an excuse. 那是一个借口 2、me pron. 我（宾格） eg. He loves me. 他爱我。 eg. She cheats me. 她骗我。 eg. Please tell me. 请告诉我。 3、Excuse me的用法。打搅别人时，常被译作“劳驾” 1）为了要引起别人的注意 eg. Excuse me, Is this your handbag? 2) 要打扰某人或要打断别人的话 Eg. Excuse me. May I ask you a question?
3) 向陌生人问路 Eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 劳驾，请问去火车站的路怎么走呢？ 4) 向某人借东西 Eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen? 打扰下，可不可以接你的钢笔用下啊？ 5）需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 Eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 劳驾，借过下一下。 6）要求在宴会或会议中途中离开一会儿 Eg. Excuse me. May I leave for a little while? 对比起，我离开一下。 4、sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起” 1）请问几点了？ Eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人身上。 Eg. Sorry. 或者I‘m sorry！ 3）对不起，我先失陪一下 Eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思 Eg. Sorry. 5、Yes 1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答） Eg. Are you mad? 你疯了吗？ ----- Yes, I am. 是的，我疯了
Unit 1 Living well -Reading Hi, my n ame is Marry Field ing and I guess you could say that I am "one in a million". In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In additi on, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop thi ngs or bump into furn iture. Unfortun ately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live One day at a time. Un til I was ten years old I was the same as every one else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly represe nti ng my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for n early three mon ths. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it un der a microscope. Eve n after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. So sometimes some childre n in my primary school would laugh, whe n I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an abse nee, I felt stupid because I was beh ind the others. My life is a lot easier at high school becausemy fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real pers on in side my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year inven ted a computer football game and a big compa ny has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have bee n away for a while. In many ways my disability has helped me grow stro nger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them en courageme nt to live as rich and full a life as you do. Tha nk you for read ing my story.