2017届高三徐汇区高三英语一模
2016.12
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Please mind the silence
Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that (21)_____ _____ you‘re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班) can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.
One London resident, however, is trying to change this.
―You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42, an American living in London, who has, ironically, started (22)_______ worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章) with the slogan ―Tube chat?‖last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. ―I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23) _______ (throw) away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,‖ he says.
Dunne and his ―Tube chat‖ campaign (24) _______(feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.
Although Dunne says he‘s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) _____ own, handing out 500 badges with the words ??Don‘t even think about it‖ on them.
―I (26) ______ hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,‖ he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. ―Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) ______work. It doesn‘t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,‖ he says.While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.
Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) __________(mirror) in the UK following his campaign? ―People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29) ______ I don‘t, but it‘s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,‖ he says. ―On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.‖So if you ever end up (30) ______ (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used
The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google‘s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it‘s (32)_____ enough times.
In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.
Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. ―My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don‘t fact-check anything –they‘ll post everything, believe anything,‖ he told the Washington Post.
Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people‘s hopes and fears, and aren‘t (35)_____ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.
You might think you‘re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that ―the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds‖. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.
This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38)______ of the students believing them.
Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.
―Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people‘s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,‖ Fazio says.
Reassuringly, the team found that a person‘s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it‘s still a worrying (40)______ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there arc four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Two key climate change indicators — global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41)________ month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42)______1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n) (43)________ temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth century.
Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44)_______ the smallest respective monthly Arctic sea ice (45)_______ since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developed by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_____, March, recorded the second smallest for that month.
(47)_____ these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists said it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing their decades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48)_______ of heat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49)______ 40 percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50)_______ at a rate of 13.4 percent per decade.
"While the El Ni?o event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51)_______ the gaining global temperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.
(52)______ El Ni?o events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such as in 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Ni?o wear off, global temperatures have risen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53)_______ the overall warming that has taken place in that time.
The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54)_____ in the Arctic, said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard.
"It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55)______ have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."
41. A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. remote
42. A. makes sense of B. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of
43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary
44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. conducted
45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. extent
46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception
47. A. While B. When C. After D. As
48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D. applications
49. A. includes B. covers C. approaches D. indicates
50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. moving
51. A. ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resulted from
52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. Previous
53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. because of
54. A. warming B. falling C. gathering D. changing
55. A. forecasts B. varieties C. patterns D. illustrations
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Late one autumn day at the aquatic center (水上运动中心）in Ancenis, France, something went quietly, horribly wrong. An 18-year-oid named Jean-Francois LeRoy was a regular, coming often in the early evenings to swim in the 25-meter pool. Drownings are often difficult to spot. Most are near-silent incidents where the victim quickly sinks out of view. On this particular day maybe the lifeguards weren't paying as close attention as they should have been. Certainly they believed the tall athletic LeRoy was not a high-risk swimmer.
But on this evening LeRoy was practicing apnea(屏气) swimming—testing how far he could swim underwater on one breath—and at some point, without making any visible or audible disturbance on the water's surface, he lost consciousness. The guards failed to notice as he stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of the deep end of the pool. With his arms crossed over his head and his feet twitching (抽搐), he was unconscious and drowning. It would lake him as little as four minutes to die.
Although the human lifeguards witching the pool were unaware, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing and taking notice. Just nine months earlier the center had installed a state-of-the-art electronic surveillance system called Poseidon, a network of cameras that feeds a computer programmed to use a set of complex mathematical procedure to distinguish between normal and distressed swimming. Poseidon covers a pool's entire swimming area and can distinguish among dim reflections, shadows, and actual swimmers. It can also tell when real swimmers are moving in a way they're not supposed to. When the computer detects a possible problem, it instantly activates a beeper to warn lifeguards and displays the exact incident location on a monitor. The rest is up to the humans above the water.
Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed the large, sinking lump that was Jean-Francois LeRoy, lifeguards had LeRoy out of the pool and gave him first aid. He started breathing again. After one night in the local hospital, he was released with no permanent damage. Poseidon had saved his life.
56. People sometimes fail to detect accidents in the swimming pool because ________.
A. lifeguards neglect their duties
B. drowning men don‘t struggle in water
C. there is no electronic surveillance system installed
D. drownings often occur quietly and quickly
57. Which of the following statements in NOT true?
A. Lifeguards will give way to Poseidon system.
B. Poseidon system can locate drowning incidents.
C. Poseidon system can pick out unusual swimmers.
D. Lifeguards will count on Poseidon system.
58. The purpose of this passage is to ______________.
A. publicize a machine which can watch out for swimmers in distress
B. tell people what may happen in a swimming pool
C. warn swimmers not to swim underwater alone
D. advertise an aquatic center equipped with state-of-the-art devices
B
The first animals on earth were never able to achieve much in the world because they lived in the sea, which provided limited oxygen, and they had no backbone. For ages there were many kinds of these animals living in the sea and on land. They differed widely from each other and included such creatures as insects and worms. They had no brain, and therefore none of these
animals without a backbone has ever been of much importance. They are wonderfully made but differ so widely that it is really impossible to arrange them in a simple order. However, those who study the different kinds of backboned animals find they can all be arranged in a simple way. More importantly, it is possible to show which class evolved first, which last, and so on.
The five great classes of backboned animals are: fishes, amphibian, reptiles, birds and mammals. A common amphibian is the frog which is able to live in water and on land. A mammal feeds its young by giving milk. There are very great differences between a fish, a frog, a horse, a bird and a man; yet they all have a backbone.
A great step was taken when some creatures swam ashore. Perhaps it all began when the frog developed. Even today, a baby frog, the tadpole, begins as a fish, having gills(鳃), but then becomes a frog with lungs. The frog even develops feet and hands similar to ours in bone structure. Ages ago the first frog laid down the plan of the kind of limbs(肢) which all backboned animals, including humans, have bad, though some of them, like the bird, do not keep this kind of five-fingered limb all their lives.
When the frog has grown from a tadpole to a backboned animal with four limbs, breathing air by means of lungs, it is very like certain of the next class of backboned animals-- the reptiles. The larger reptiles living on earth for many year ago were dinosaurs. Some of the smaller ones grew stretches of skin between their outspread fingers to form wings. We do know, from fossilized (化石的) remains, that the first birds were flying reptiles with sharp teeth. What
a strange world it must have been during these times!
59. The author believes that animals without backbones ________ .
A. had no brain so they did not survive
B. were difficult to
classify
C. have been important creatures `
D. are easily placed
in order of arrival
60. From the article we can know________.
A. animals had a backbone but no brain
B. insects came from worms
C. animals came from insects
D. the time order of species
61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. The first bird developed from a flying fish.
B. The horse belongs to the amphibian family.
C. The hand of a frog has four fingers and a thumb.
D. All the animals have got backbones inside their body.
62. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. How Backboned Animals Evolved
B. How to Classify All Living Things
C. The Life Cycle of a Frog
D. How the First Bird Flew
C
Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of ―prohibition‖ to one of ―pro mo tion‖, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.
Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩) and use
them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.
State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open casinos (赌场) on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.
Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.
Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic(道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.
In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.
63. According to the passage, we know that ________ .
A. any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USA
B. the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USA
C. all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964
D. only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies
64. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.
B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.
C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.
D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.
65. What is the author most concerned about?
A. The expanding of the gambling industry.
B. The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.
C. The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.
D. The disadvantage of Internet gambling.
66. In Paragraph 5, the word ―pipedream" means_________ .
A. wonderful idea
B. creative idea
C. unworkable plan
D. practical plan
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simple and its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and green pigs in place of targets. 67 Shortly after Angry Birds took off, audiences found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.
68 That was their charm, after all: They were knowingly ridiculous or illogical, an attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.
Fast forward to 2016, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for the big screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2014‘s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on the screen. That includes the forgetful blue fish Dory from 2003‘s Finding Nemo. 69 Viewers no longer have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film‘s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传), sequels(续传) and spin-offs(衍生产品) fill in those blanks for them.
70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding
and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.
The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.
Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it‘s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, ―By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.‖That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies‘ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.
It‘s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. ―Perhaps average faces are more attractive because they seem more familiar.‖
Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture and standards of beauty.
She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. One image was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20 British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average — that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza and British faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.
―The Hadza have little experience with Europe an faces and probably do not know what an average European face looks like,‖ Apicella concludes. ―If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?‖
Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. ―The pre ference for average itself is biologically based,‖ Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京。(think)
73. 每月她都会留出一部分钱以备不时之需。(incase)
74. 站在山顶，极目远望，大自然的壮美让我们惊叹不已。(amaze)
75. 被称为―发展屮国家‖并不一定是坏事，只有这样我们才能永远在发展的路上前进，追
求更为高远的目标。(It)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
如今在上海街头，共李单车(ride-sharing)忽然流行起来。你班同学最近就共李单车这一新兴节物展开了热烈的讨论。请根据下表提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍你班讨论的怙况，并谈谈你的看法。
(文屮不得出现考生姓名、学校等任何真实信息）
参考答案
21. even though/ if 22. a 23. to be thrown 24. have featured 25. his
26. can 27. from 28. will be mirrored 29. which 30. using
31-40：BEAJF/HKCGI
41-45：BCABD 46-50：DACBC 51-55：BDDAC
56-58：DAA 59-62：BDCA 63-66：BBCC
67-70：CE FA
Summary Writing
Babies‘ preference to attractive faces indicates that people begin to prefer pretty faces at an early age. Researches also show that average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people. Meanwhile, people‘s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certain faces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces.
72. I thought you would go to Beijing with me by high-speed rail.
73. She sets aside some money monthly in case of need.
74. Standing at the top of the mountain and looking as far as the eyes can see, we are amazed at
the magnificence of nature.
75. It is not necessarily a bad thing to be called ―developing country‖, sinc e only in this way can
we stick to the road of developing forever for higher goals.
状元考前提醒 拿到试卷：熟悉试卷 刚拿到试卷一般心情比较紧张，建议拿到卷子以后看看考卷一共几页， 有多少道题，了解试卷结构，通览全卷是克服“前面难题做不出，后面易 题没时间做”的有效措施，也从根本上防止了“漏做题”。 答题策略 答题策略一共有三点： 1. 先易后难、先熟后生。先做简单的、熟悉的题，再做综合题、难题。 2. 先小后大。先做容易拿分的小题，再做耗时又 复杂的大题。3. 先局部后整体。把疑难问题划分成一系列的步骤，一步一 步的解决，每解决一步就能得到一步的分数。 立足中下题目，力争高水平 考试时，因为时间和个别题目的难度，多数学生很难做完、做对全部题目，所以在答卷中要立足中下题目。中下题目通常占全卷的80%以上，是试题的主要构成，学生能拿下这些题目，实际上就是有了胜利在握的心理，对攻克高档题会更放得开。 确保运算正确，立足一次性成功 在答卷时，要在以快为上的前提下，稳扎稳打，步步准确，尽量一次 性成功。不能为追求速度而丢掉准确度，甚至丢掉重要的得分步骤。试题 做完后要认真做好解后检查，看是否有空题，答卷是否准确，格式是否规 范。 要学会“挤”分 考试试题大多分步给分，所以理科要把主要方程式和计算结果写在显要位置，文科尽量把要点写清晰，作文尤其要注意开头和结尾。考试时，每一道题都认真思考，能做几步就做几步，对于考生来说就是能做几分是几分，这是考试中最好的策略。 检查后的涂改方式要讲究 发现错误后要划掉重新写，忌原地用涂黑的方式改，这会使阅卷老师看不清。如果对现有的题解不满意想重新写，要先写出正确的，再划去错误的。有的同学先把原来写的题解涂抹了，写新题解的时间又不够，本来可能得的分数被自己涂掉了。考试期间遇到这些事，莫慌乱！
2017年全国卷Ⅲ理综化学试卷分析 高三化学备课组 一、试卷总体评价——信息量与难度适中 从总体情况看，全国卷Ⅲ理综试卷化学试题紧扣《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（理科）》的规定范围和命题要求，有利于选拔具有学习潜能和创新精神的考生。试题以能力测试为主导，在测试考生进一步学习所必需的知识、技能和方法的基础上，全面检测考生的化学科学素养。2017年全国卷Ⅲ理综化学试题以新课标和考试大纲为本，考查了考生对化学学科特点和基本研究方法、化学基本概念和基本理论的理解和运用能力，在全面考查主干知识的前提下，更注重考生的实验分析能力和解决问题能力。试题情境新颖，重视理论联系实际，区分度良好。 二、选择题——重要核心考点，反应原理及电化学易错 纵观近年全国卷的高考真题及模拟试题，选择题都是围绕着核心考点（化学与生活、元素化合物、电化学、速率和平衡、电解质溶液、有机化学基础、化学实验基础）展开。Ⅲ卷7个选择题，第7题考查化学与生活，学生需要了解关于燃料燃烧和环境保护的常识；第8题考查有机物的结构与性质，此题需要掌握有机的常见反应和物质的鉴别；第9题是实验方案的设计与评价，考查学生的基础实验操作；第10题考查阿伏伽德罗常数，需要学生掌握阿伏伽德罗常数的基本计算；第11题是电化学，考查学生原电池和电解池的基本原理；第12题是元素周期律，题目考查了学生对于元素推断和元素性质递变规律的掌握能力；第13题考查电解质溶液，以图像为载体，综合考查了学生对于溶度积和平衡判断的能力。总体看来，选择题难度适中，易出错的是化学反应原理题和电化学综合题。 三、非选择题——化学基本素养和化学计算能力的综合考查
练中求变,能力至上 ——2010 年市一模试卷分析及高三英语复习策略 泰顺中学刘海宇 一.2010 年市一模试卷分析 1.2010 年市一模试卷评析 2010 年市一模试卷的难度适中,符合考试说明的要求,也体现了高中新课程理念和素质教育的内涵,整卷突出语篇,强调语境,注重交际,重视运用。大部分学生能够在规定的时间内答完全部试题,基础好的 学生还有一定的时间进行检查,确保了学生的英语水平得以真实的反映。因此,一模试卷对我市的高中英 语教学起到很好的导向作用。 2. 成绩分析 以泰顺中学高三段参加考试的584 人做样本进行数据统计,段平均分为88.9, 最高分为133.5,最低分为23,试卷难度值为0.59,符合高考作为选拔性考试, 需要适当的难度,整卷的难度系数控制在0.60 ±0.05 之间的标准。从下图的分数分布看,120分以上的高分偏少,只有22人,而70分以下有97人,因此,当务之急, 一模之后要面向全体, 培优补差,才能提高总体实力。 130 以上120 129.5 110 119.5 100 109.5 90-99.580-89.570-79.560-69.560 以下
本次的听力试题,语速适中,语音清晰,设问有梯度。从上表可以看出,第1、3、5、8、10、19 题失 分较多,其中1 到5小题只有念一次,许多学生在听力开始时,思想过度紧张,导致大脑一片空白,再加上追 求完美的心理,不舍得放弃,以至于一旦第一题没有听清楚后,还一直在琢磨究竟哪个是正确答案,结果就 如多米诺骨牌一样产生连锁反应,失分连连。第七段对话语速较快,很多学生没听清楚,因此第8、10 小题 基本就去蒙了,其中第8 题有47% 的学生选了 A.Atamusicparty 选项,只是因为在对话中听到了music 这个词. ②单项填空―― 基础知识是重点,强调语言实用性 a. 单选重双基，语境中活现 本卷单项选择部分考查要点突出,覆盖面广,没有刻意追求语言形式与结构的繁杂,而是强调考生在 各方面的实际运用能力;强调在注重实用性的基础上,将语法、词汇、习惯用语等语言项目的测试融入真 实的情景之中,体现了语言的交际功能。如第 3 题,把现在进行时的被动语态的考查放在机场的登机广播 中 b. 动词是重点 动词始终是单项填空的主旋律、重头戏。本卷题型中考查动词的有7题,与08、09 年高考一样占35%的分值。主要考查非谓语动词、情态动词、动词时态、语态、动词词义及词组的区别等。该题从以下几个方面考查学生的英语水平: 1. 基础语法知识 2. 对词义的正确理解 3. 相近词的辨析 4. 固定词组的搭配 5. 交际用语的灵活运用 各考查项目的分布情况如下: 第1题冠词；第2题名词辨析；第3题动词时态；第4题介词短语辨析；第5题副词辨析；第6题therebe 句型;第7题动词短语辨析;第8题疑问代词;第9题非谓语动词;第10题形容词辨析;第11 题情态动词;第12题定语从句;第13题动词短语辨析;第14题连词辨析;第15题代词;第16题情景交际;第17题非谓语动词;第18题
【2018宝山区—一模】 IV. Summary Writing Secure payment without leaving a trace Computer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties. The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account. “Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation as well,” Andy Rupp says. “This is needed for ensuring the payment system’s suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow.” Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second. ①when customers use payment systems, most of them don’t realize the fact that by doing so, they risk( take the risk of ) losing privacy. ②Researchers have now developed a secure system called BBA+, which works anonymously and avoids misuses as well. ③moreover ( apart from / besides the security of privacy), it also proves to be efficient for daily use.(47 words) 【2018—崇明区一模】 IV. Summary Writing From Burn Survivor to Global Inspiration Last October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself. Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong. Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator（现场解说员）announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination. Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of
2017上海化学高考试卷分析 alTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid so-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid so-border-insidev: .5pt solid so-yfti-iroso-yfti-firstro; BORDER-LEFT: ; BORDER-BOTTOM: so-border-alt: solid al style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71">知识块 题号 分值 占有百分比 概念与理论
1、2、3、5、9、11、16、18、19、21、23、24/（2）、25/（1）（2）（3） 约46 31% 元素化合物 6、7、8、13 约12 8% 有机化学 4、12、14、1 5、28、29 约31 21%
化学实验 10、26、27 约23 15% 化学计算 17、20、22、24/（1）（3）（4）、25/（4）、30 约38 25% 3．与最近三年相比 知识块
占有百分比08年 09年 10年 概念与理论33% 31% 25% 元素化合物13%
上海徐汇区高三英语一模 卷附答案 The document was prepared on January 2, 2021
2015学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，全卷共11页。所 有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 第I卷（共103分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A. $14. B. $40. C. $45. D. $80. 2.A. Go sightseeing. B. Go to a singing club.
2019.12.12【一模汇编】2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：翻译 1、2019黄浦一模 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 答案： 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2、2019普陀一模 72. 晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。(or) 73. 事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。(It) 74. 乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。(create) 75. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事, 很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。( when) 答案： 72. Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 74. Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much because they are busy creating new memories. 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. （, and）There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks.
绝密★启用前 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试试题卷（化学） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。学科.网写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Ca 40 一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分，共78分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题 目要求的。 7．下列说法错误的是 A ．糖类化合物也可称为碳水化合物 B ．维生素D 可促进人体对钙的吸收 C ．蛋白质是仅由碳、氢、氧元素组成的物质 D ．硒是人体必需的微量元素，但不宜摄入过多 8．阿伏加德罗常数的值为A N 。下列说法正确的是 A ．1 L 0.1 mol·1 L -NH 4Cl 溶液中，4NH + 的数量为0.1A N B ．2.4 g Mg 与H 2SO 4完全反应，转移的电子数为0.1A N C ．标准状况下，2.24 L N 2和O 2的混合气体中分子数为0.2A N D ．0.1 mol H 2和0.1 mol I 2于密闭容器中充分反应后，其分子总数为0.2A N 9．a 、b 、c 、d 为原子序数依次增大的短周期主族元素，a 原子核外电子总数与b 原子次外层的电子数相同；c 所在周期数与族数相同；d 与a 同族。下列叙述正确的是 A ．原子半径：d>c>b>a B ．4种元素中b 的金属性最强 C ．c 的氧化物的水化物是强碱 D ．d 单质的氧化性比a 单质的氧化性强 10．下列由实验得出的结论正确的是 实验 结论
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension , a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will r, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition. B. 25 minutes. D. An hour and a half. B. The train is late due to the storm. D. The woman has to wait for the train. B. She doesn’t like speaking. D. She often talks loudly. B. She doesn’t like the gift. D. She doesn’t want to grow old. B. Last summer was even hotter. D. Light was stronger this morning. B. He is doing business with Mary. D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party. questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation n your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.范围在…和…之间between…and from…to range in age from 5 to 10 2.six other students= six others another six students 3.what you do matters. What matters is not…but…. 重要的不是…而是…What matters is not the result but the process. What matters is not
whether he has succeeded but how hard he is during the process. 4.at the end of 过去 by the end of 完成 5.现在完成时since 一般 过去时 It has been ten years since Iarrived in SH. 6.Internet has been the most important progress since personal computer was invented. 7.have no choice but to do
8.do nothing but do 9.can’t help but do 10.including sth sth. included 11.prove to be true 12.sign your name /signature 13.refer to 牵涉，谈到=mention 14.旅游胜地 a place of interest 15.tourist attraction 16.追溯到date back to 17.meet sb. at the station
11选10专题 上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语期末（一模）试题 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. including B. impressions C. standing D. restored E. missing F. fun G. comfort H. associated I. inspired J. marked K. contact Ancient Civilizations Had Game Nights Too! Morten Ramstad, a researcher at the University of Bergen, Norway, and his team spotted one of the rare objects while unearthing the remains of an Early Iron Age (400-300 BC) burial site in Western Norway. Burying loved ones with basic necessities like ceramic pots and clothing, to ensure their (31) _______ in the afterlife, was a fairly common tradition in ancient cultures. However, the families of some lucky individuals went a step further by (32) ________ a board game for entertainment. Though the game board was (33) ________, the archeologists, who revealed their findings on April 5, 2020, managed to recover the dice（骰子）and 18 circular game pieces. Unlike the modern-day cubical（立体的）dice, which are (34) _______ with a different number of dots from one to six on each face, the ancient game counter was square and had bulls-eye like (35) ________, which indicated zero to five on each of its four faces. The researchers suspect it may have been (36) ________ by the oldest-known board game —the “Game of Mercenaries”. The two-person strategy game, which dates back to the 3rd century BC, was believed to be similar to modern-day chess. The archeologists, who also unearthed remains of pottery jars and a bronze needle at the burial site believe the game pieces indicate the dead was a wealthy individual. In ancient civilizations, board games were a status symbol, signifying the owner’s high social and economic (37) ________. They indicated an individual’s intellectual ability and also proved he/she could afford to spend time on such activities.
2017年高考新课标1卷理综化学 7．下列生活用品中主要由合成纤维制造的是 A．尼龙绳B．宣纸C．羊绒衫D．棉衬衣 【答案】A 【解析】A．尼龙绳的主要成分是聚酯类合成纤维，A正确；B．宣纸的的主要成分是纤维素，B错误；C．羊绒衫的主要成分是蛋白质，C错误；D．棉衬衫的主要成分是纤维素，D错误。答案选A。 8．《本草衍义》中对精制砒霜过程有如下叙述：“取砒之法，将生砒就置火上，以器覆之，令砒烟上飞着覆器，遂凝结累然下垂如乳，尖长者为胜，平短者次之。”文中涉及的操作方法是 A．蒸馏B．升华C．干馏D．萃取 【答案】B 【解析】“将生砒就置火上，以器覆之，令砒烟上飞，着覆器，遂凝结”，属于固体直接转化为气体，类似于碘的升华，因此涉及的操作方法是升华，答案选B。 9．化合物（b）、（d）、（p）的分子式均为C6H6，下列说法正确的是 A．b的同分异构体只有d和p两种 B．b、d、p的二氯代物均只有三种 C．b、d、p均可与酸性高锰酸钾溶液反应 D．b、d、p中只有b的所有原子处于同一平面 【答案】D 10．实验室用H2还原WO3制备金属W的装置如图所示（Zn粒中往往含有硫等杂质，焦性没食子酸溶液用于吸收少量氧气），下列说法正确的是
A．①、②、③中依次盛装KMnO4溶液、浓H2SO4、焦性没食子酸溶液 B．管式炉加热前，用试管在④处收集气体并点燃，通过声音判断气体纯度 C．结束反应时，先关闭活塞K，再停止加热 D．装置Q（启普发生器）也可用于二氧化锰与浓盐酸反应制备氯气 【答案】B 11．支撑海港码头基础的钢管柱，常用外加电流的阴极保护法进行防腐，工作原理如图所示，其中高硅铸铁为惰性辅助阳极。下列有关表述不正确的是 A．通入保护电流使钢管桩表面腐蚀电流接近于零 B．通电后外电路电子被强制从高硅铸铁流向钢管桩 C．高硅铸铁的作用是作为损耗阳极材料和传递电流 D．通入的保护电流应该根据环境条件变化进行调整 【答案】C
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语试卷 （满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12 考生注意： 1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在 答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe. 2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition. 3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C. An hour and a quarter. D. An hour and a half. 4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm. C. The woman will take the next train. D. The woman has to wait for the train. 5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking. C. She is always very frank. D. She often talks loudly. 6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift. C. She wants to forget her birthday. D. She doesn’t want to grow old. 7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening. B.The film is not worth seeing at all. C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman. D.The man is very tired from his work. 8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter. C. Hot weather helps people lose weight. D. Light was stronger this morning. 9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary. C. He was not a man of his word. D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party. 10. A. She would rather invite more people to come. B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting. C.The family members always eat a lot. 第 1 页/ 共17 页 1文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.
一模高三英语试卷分析 叶静 一、整体情况 宿迁市2013届第一次模拟考试己经结束，试卷难度与高考很贴近，尤其体现在：单项选择的难度，阅读理解的人文性，时代性，多样性，以及书面表达的时代性等诸多方面。 本次考试我们学校各班平均分数都很低班。整套试卷综合性强，内容贴近生活、紧跟时代。从考试结果来看全卷的难度、区分度都把握得还可以。 二、分项分析 （一）除了听力之外，其它各项得分都较低，尤其是单选和阅读理解。全区任务型阅读得分为2. 3,写作得分为11分。 二、各大题中主要失分题及原因分析 第一部分：听力 这次听力情景丰富，内容真实，语言地道，语速适中，从出题角度来看，这次听力除了考查学生能否获取详细的事实性信息外，还有理解会话者的观点、态度及意图，推测关系、地点，概括主旨等需深层理解的题目。 第二部分：单项选择题 本次单项填空主要考查了高三复习中常规的一些单词、短语、语法项目，覆盖面较广, 并体现了尽量在不同的语境中运用英语的能力考查，学生错误率较高的为21, 23, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35 这几题。 第三部分：完形填空 这篇完形填空是一篇励志型夹叙夹议文章，文章的主题很好，学生在通读整体理解文章的大意上有点的难度.而在解题时却对一些词比较生疏，再加上其他的新单词的影响和几个难句，导致学生得分不高。 第四部分：阅读理解 四篇阅读理解难度适中继续保持知识性、趣味性、时代性强，信息量大，题材与体裁广泛的特点，涉及人物故事类，科普类，文化教育类，人文地理类等体裁。错误较高的是56, 61, 62, 64 ,66 和67 题。 学生对词义的猜测，文章主题的理解概括，及推断题很差， 第五部分：任务型阅读 任务型阅读，本次任务型阅读要求每空填一个单词，与高考要求相符。这篇任务型阅读无论是从选材还是题目的设计上来讲都是非常成功的，能综合考查学生阅读中的寻找信息及对信息进行总结、推理、及进行相应的变化等方面的相关能力。题目中有根据关键词在文
2020 年上海高三英语一模分类汇编：翻译 2020 宝山一模 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 无论时走路、骑车还是开车，遵守交通规则都很重要。（follow） 73. 只有发展好、运用好、治理好互联网，才能使其更好地造福人类。（Only） 74. 鼓励你，给你建议，并提出有建设性的问题的人被称作人生教练或导师。（helpful） 75. 生命充满了挑战，但是只要你有学习新事物的意愿，就能得到克服障碍的正确态度。（willingness） 72. Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it ' s important to follow the rules of the road. 73. Only by developing, using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind. 74. A person who encourage you, give you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor. 75. Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles. 2020 崇明一模 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 出于好奇，杰克向村民们打听了这座城堡的历史。（curiosity） 73. 我们最好分析一下公司最近几年发展减缓的原因。（analyze） 74. 人人都该意识到，减少人类活动对环境的负面影响是很有必要的。（it） 75. 我决心已定，无论你怎么劝我，我也不会同意放弃这个通过夜以继日的努力工作才获得的机会。（however） 72. Out of curiosity, Jack asked the villagers about the history of the castle. 73. We ' d better analyze（the reasons） why our company ' s development hians r eslcoewnet d down years. We' d better analyze the reasons for the slow-down of our company ' s development these years. 74. Everyone should realize that it 'qsu ite necessary to reduce the negative effect that human activity has on