一．短语翻译（英译中）
Unit 1
Part 1
1.anchor sectors 支柱产业
2.cargo container handling capacity 货物集装箱处理能力
3.put in place 出台相关政策
4.priority use of land resources 优先使用土地资源
5.sector-by-sector 各个部门
6.tax concessions 税收优惠
7.tax-free zones 免税区
8.automate much of the paperwork 文书工作自动化
9.Rail freight traffic 铁路货物
10.public spending 政府开支
11.terminal operators 码头营运商
12.Three Gorges Dam project 三峡工程
13.Joint ventures 合资企业
14.Small and medium-sized 中小型
Part 2
1.tendered forwarding services 提供货运代理
2.purchasing business 采购业务
3.customs-declarations 清关证明
4.explore the logistical facilities and services
考察物流设施和服务
5.through the courtesy of 承蒙
6.regular freight forwarding 正规货运代理
7.Shipping Agent 装船代理
8.Cargo Forwarding Agent 货运代理
9.Customs Clearance Agent 清关代理
10.under separate cover 在另函内
11.for your information 供你参考
Unit 2
Part 1
1.work-in-process 在制品
2.identification cards 身份证
3.rolled out 铺开
4.geared toward 着眼于
5.president and chief executive officer
总裁兼CEO
6.ASAP 尽快
7.electronic data interchange EDI 电子数据交换
8.advance ship notice ASN 提前装船通知
9.market basket level 市场消费水平状况
10.collaborative planning,forecasting and replenishment
(CPFR) program 协同计划，预测与
补货方案
11.fill rate vs.warehouse utilization 使用费率和仓库利用率
12.senior project manager 高级项目经理
13.radio frequency identification(RFID)射频技术
14.self-service model 自助服务模式
15.rules for engaging in business 经商规则
16.huge fundamental changes 根本的转变
Part 2
1.enjoy a high reputation 享有美誉
2.accommodate our business development 适应我们业务的发展
3.shipping service providers 船公司
4.rates of different shipping lines 不同航线不同的运价
5.a licensed freight forwarder 被授权的货运代理商
6.In a position to 能（做）
7.brand new Freight Forwarding System 全新的货代系统
Unit 3
Part 1
1.interstate 85,I-85corridor,I-85 85号洲际公路
2.accommodate up to 建成
3.at full buildout 快速发展
4.are anxious to 渴望急于
5.pressure cooker 高压锅
6.dozens of 很多
7.measure against 与……作比较
8.and so forth 等等
9.It goes without saying 毫无疑问
10.make the most of 充分利用
11.tax breaks 减税优惠
12.vested interest 既得利益
13.senior vice president 高级副总裁
14.build-to-suit 定制建造
15.economic incentives 经济鼓励
16.climate-controlled 温度控制
17.tax-benefit 税收优惠
Part 2
1.online quotation systems 在线咨询系统
2.online quotation-request form 在线报价询问表
3.process the order 履行订单
Uite4
Part1
1.EU expansion 欧盟扩张
2.inadequate road infrastructure 不完备的道路交通设施
3.Central and Eastern 中东欧
4.the formerly socialist Eastern Europe
前中东欧社会主义国家
5.real-time inventory data 实实库存数据
6.voice-driven communication 声控技术
7.a definite plus 无疑是件好事
8.Brands retail chain franchisees 品牌连锁加盟
9.total manual paper-based picks 通过纸质化手工拣选
10.cross-dock operations 直接换装操作
11.pick accuracy 拣货准确率
12.hand-held device 手携设备
13.original equipment manufacture 原始设备制造商
14.walk through the issue 解决问题
Part2
1.be accredited by 由…批准
2.vanning and devanning 装箱和拆箱
3.act in conformity with 按…来做
4.set us apart from 使我们与…有差异
5.3rd Party Outsourcing 第三方物流外包
Uite5
Part1
1.household goods 家庭用品普遍用品
2.relocation service 移仓服务
3.mechanical handling 机械帮运
4.the ageing of the population 人口老年化
5.modular boxes 模数箱
6.grocery retailer 杂货店
7.reusable plastic containers RPCs 可重复使用塑料容器
8.bags and liners 袋衬里
9.pile on 积累
10.incompatible with 不相容
11.special-handing charges 特殊处理费用
12.master carton 马斯特箱、标准箱
13.bump up into 突然增加到
14.go over with a fine-toothed comb 仔细检查
15.switch to 转换到
16.getting killed with dimensional 吃大亏
17.fill claim 执行索赔
18.cancel out 抵消
19.break out 突发爆发
Part2
1.be bound to 驶往
2.our goodselves 贵公司
3.CFS Container Freight station 集装箱货运站
4.CY container yard 集装箱堆场
Unit 6
Part1
1.fixed routes 固定航线
2.regular schedule 定期时间表
3.general cargo 一般货物
4.daily utensils 日用器皿
5.annually handled 每年处理的
6.container throughput 集装箱吞吐量
7.20-foot equivalent units(TEUs) 20英尺准集装箱
8.chemical fertilizers 肥料
9.Hong Kong –listed 在香港上市的
10.a container –related business 与集装箱相关的业务
11.rough seas ahead 海运业起伏不定的前景
12.placed ...emphasis on 更加重视
13.world fleet capacity 全球船只航运力
14.even keel 稳定
15.regular occurrence 常常发生
16.rate hikes 运价上涨
17.fuel surcharges 燃油附加费
18.zero in on 对准
19.pegs its currency to the dollar 与美元挂钩
20.credit A with B A是B的原因
Part 2
模拟试卷A I. Match the special terms in Column B with the Chinese explanations in Column A （20 points , 2 points each ） A B ( )配送 A. warehousing ( )集装箱 B. picking ( )托盘 C. supply chain ( )订单处理 D. clean B/L ( )仓储 E. insurance ( )装卸 F. loading and unloading ( )拣选 G . container ( )保险 H. order processing ( )供应链 I. distribution ( )清洁提单 J. pallet II. Tell whether the following statements are True or False （10points, 1 point each ） ( ) 1. The third-party logistics is also called outsourcing or contract logistics. ( ) 2. Picking is conducted after orders are translated into picking slips in many instances. ( ) 3. Storage is a primary function of distribution center.. ( )4. Manufacturer is the executive agency that actually carries out the physical movement. ( )5. Inventory and facility costs increase as the number of facilities in a supply chain increases. ( ) 6. Warehousing costs are calculated in terms of the amount of cubic meters of space used. ( ) 7. Logistics is part of the supply chain process. ( ) 8. The supply chain network is designed to maximize each number ’s profit.. ( ) 9. Logistics can only bring tangible benefits to the users. ( )10. It ’s the end of distribution when you delivered the items to customers . III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（24 points, 4 points each ） 1. The exchange of business cards must be made properly. Business cards should be printed in English on one side and in your host ’s language on the other. When you present your card ，you do so with both hands. 2. Warehousing activities is an important link between the producer and the customer. Warehousing activities involve receiving, transfer, storage, picking, and shipping. Storage is a primary function of the warehouse. 3. It ’s not the end of distribution when you have delivered the dispatched items to customers. Because the items you delivered may not match the ones customers ordered, making the delivery coming to naught. 4. There are five transportation modes: rail, truck, air, water and pipeline. In addition, certain modal combination are available, including rail-truck, truck-water, truck-air, and rail-water. 5. This contract is made by and agreed between the Buyers and Sellers, whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the under mentioned commodity to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 班级： 姓名： 学号： 装订线
物流方面的英语专业术语、组织名称中英对照 第一节基本概念术语 1 article 物品 2 logistics 物流 3 logistics activity 物流活动 4 logistics operation 物流作业 5 logistics modulus 物流模数 6 logistics technology 物流技术 7 logistics cost 物流成本 8 logistics management 物流管理 9 logistics center 物流中心10 logistics network 物流网络11 logistics information 物流信息12 logistics enterprise 物流企业13 logistics documents 物流单证14 logistics alliance 物流联盟15 supply logistics 供应物流16 production logistics 生产物流17 distribution logistics 销售物流 18 returned logistics 回收物流 19 waste material logistics 废弃物物流 20 environmental logistics 绿色物流 21 internal logistics 企业物流22 external logistics 社会物流23 military logistics 军事物流24 international logistics 国际物流 25 Third Part Logistics (TPL) 第三方物流 26 customized logistics 定制物流27 virtual logistics 虚拟物流 28 value-added logistics service 增值物流服务 29 supply chain 供应链30 bar code 条码 31 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换 32 tangible loss 有形损耗33 intangible loss 无形损耗 二、物流作业术语 34 transportation 运输35 combined transport 联合运输36 throuth transport 直达运输37 transfer transport 中转运输 38 drop and pull transport 甩挂运输 39 containerized transport 集装运输 40 container transport 集装箱运输41 door-to-door 门到门42 door to cy 门到场43 door to cfs 门到站 44 Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货 45 Less-than Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货46 storing 储存47 storage 保管48 article reserves 物品储存49 inventory 库存50 cycle stock 经常库存51 safety stock 安全库存52 inventory cycle time 库存周期
物流专业英语 选择题2’*10 中英互译8*5’ 填空5*2’ 作文30’ 一、选择 1、In a more practical sense ,logistics refers to the systematic management of the various activities required to move benefits from their point of production to the customer. 2. In other words, this comprehensive view of logistics, sometimes referred to as supply chain management, can lead to lower costs and/or better service that enhance the value received by the buyer. 3.Things produced on a farm such as milk, potatoes and wool are produce .Things produced by industry are products . Production is the action of producing or the amount of products. 4.This car is my latest acquisition . 5.Leader must integrate himself with the masses. 6.They took plenty of provision on their trip. 7.He showed much care for the safety of the passengers. 8.He was involved in working out a plan. 9.We could see the “outline” of the trees in the dim light.------shape 10.There is only one “port” along this rocky coast.-------harbor 11.She gave her son money for the “purchase” of his school books.-----buying 12.This house may be used as an office;it’s quite a waste to be a “warehouse”.-----storage 13.We can not compromise on such terms. 14.The information Igive you comes from a reliable source. 15.The teacher “forecasts” that 15 of his pupils would pass the examination.----predicts 16.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the werther. 17.A signed invoice presumes receipt of the shipment. 18.Goods that carried by a vessel or vehicle,especially by a commercial carrier can be called freight. 19.They distribute handbills on the street. 20.His speech on this occation was short,but it was sharp and effective. 21.Their purpose to produce more machines of high quality is worthy fo praise. 22/An alloy is a combination of two or more different metals. 23.The word “toxic” means capable of causing injury or death,especially by chemical means. 24.Food is often vacuum packed. 25.His hat helped to cushion the blow. 26.I like to get up early so that Ican get plenty of work done before lunch. 27.He at last admitted receiving stolen goods but he refused to sell them. 28.I am used to eating bacon and eggs every morning. 29.They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer,but the airplane must have been behind schedule. 30.Our university consists of twenty departments. 二、填空 1、Logistics deals satisfying the customer…..can be developed and implemented to meet them.As will be discussed in more detail later,customer service is the most important
常用物流英语专业英语词汇 一、常用物流英语50句 1.Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。 2.Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的整体组成部分。 3.Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。 4.Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是独特的全球通道。 5.Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。 6.Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc. 物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。 7.Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information.
物流专业英语词汇大全-物流英语-物流专业英语-物 流英语词汇表 一、物流英语的145个专业词汇
二、常用物流英语50句 1.Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。 2.Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的整体组成部分。 3.Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。 4.Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是独特的全球通道。 5.Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。 6.Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc.
物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。 7.Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information. 物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。 8.Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics. 物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。 9.Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production.. 物流是当今工业生产增加利润的最后领域。 10.Logistics is unique, and it never stops! 物流是独特的，它从不停止。 11.Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year. 物流运作一天24小时、一周7天、一年52星期在全球发生。 12.Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired. 物流所涉及的是在需要的时候和在需要的地方去的产品和服务的活动。 13.Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
1、电子数据交换的英文缩写为 EDI； 2、条形码的英文为 Bar Code; 3、第三方物流的英文缩写是 TPL 4、Autodiscrimination中文意思为自动辨别 5、Automated Warehouse 中文意思是自动化仓库 6、自动识别的英文是 Automatic Identification 7、Average Inventory 中文意思平均存货 8、Bar Code Reader 中文意思为条形码阅读器 9、Zero inventory 中文意思为零库存 10、ISO的全称为国际标准华组织 11、On-hand inventory 中文意思为现货 12、JITC 中文意思为准时供（送）货系统 13、B/L中文意思是提单 14、Turnover Ratio of inventory 中文意思为存货周转率 1、条形码系统包括 Bar Code、Bar Code Label、Bar Code Reader 2、仓库系统的设施包括Warehouse、Forks 、Goods Shelf 3、海运集装箱物流系统由 Container、Ship、Port 、Yard 4、运输工具为Air Cargo Carrier、Shipping Lines 、Motor Carrier 5、Carrier 中文意思是运送人、承运人 三、 1、Terminal 在港口物流中的含义是港口 T 2、Terminal 在电子商务中是终端机口 T 3、Cargo意为物运输 F 4、大量货物运输是Bulk carrier T 5、企业经营进出口均要付 Duty F 6、在仓库中的货物称为 Invention F 7、Quality Control 意思是品质管制 T 8、零售商店常常经客人Discount,以便助销。 T 9、Shipper和Carrier 是同一个货运的参与方。 T 10、Logistics的中文既是物流，又是后勤。 T 四、 1、Electronic Data Interchange Means 的意思是电子数据交换系统 2、Bar Code ,Bar Code Label and Bar Code Reader Compose A 条形码识别与 阅读System; 3、销售住处系统的英文是Point Of Sales 4、TEU指 20英尺集箱 5、Zero Inventory 意思是零库存 6、Material Requirement Planning (MRP) Is 物料需求计划
物流专业英语试卷 一、Translation(30分) 1．Container transport 2．International freight forwarding agent 3．Order cycle time 4．Inventory turnover 5．Environmental logistics 6．Carrying cost 7．Material handling 8．Demand forecasting 9．Reverse logistics 10．Agile logistics 11．Third-party logistics 12．Initial investment 13．Warehouse facility 14．Material procurement 15．Point of consumption 16．多式联运 17．分销渠道 18．条码 19．订单处理 20．保税仓库 21．前置期 22．叉车 23．门到门 24．准时制物流 25．拣选 26．提货单 27．发货区 28．进口税 29．规模经济 30．供应链整合 二、Translate the sentences into Chinese(40分) 1、Customer service involves getting the right product to the right customer at the right place, in the right condition and at the right time, at the lowest total cost possible.
物流专业英语期中测试（一） I. Translate the following items into Chinese or English. (20points) 1. 原材料11. logistics channel 2. 产成品12. electronic data interchange 3. 战略管理13. direct procurement 4. 售后服务14. transport facilities 5. 条形码15. information flow 6. 利润率16. value-added services 7. 物资运送17. supply chain management 8. 通用产品代码18. warehousing 9. 电子商务19. multinational companie 10. 数据处理20. just-in-time delivery II. Tell whether the following stetements are Ttrue or Ffalse, marking an “A”for true statements and a “B”. for false ones. (10 points) ( ) 21. Logistics information management is defined as the information processing of collecting, reconciling, communicating, storage and utilizing of all the information generated from logistics operations. ( ) 22. A third-party logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick-ups and deliveries, whereas in-house transportation can have the same function. ( ) 23. According to a narrow definition, logistics information means the information related to the logistics activities, such as transportation, storage, package, distribution processing
Unit Six Alternative Evaluation and Choice Text A Feasibility determination Every decision involves at least two options. Even though a single proposal was presented, decision makers have a choice between the proposal and doing nothing. Evaluation appraises the positive impacts and the negative impacts of alternative options in terms of either a single or multiple decision criteria. Determining relevant impacts to particular decision and specifying the appropriate decision criteria are related to the value system within which the choice is to be made. In the case of transportation decisions in the public sector, the operating value system is not that of any single individual or subgroup but that of the community as a whole. There exist conflicting value systems within society. Consequently, transportation decision also entails the resolution of conflicts. 每一项抉择至少包含两个选项，即使是一个单一的提议，决策者也可以选择执行这个提议或什么也不做。不管是根据单一的还是多样化的决策标准，评估的目的在于评价每个选项的积极影响和消极影响。（人们）在做决定时，确立具体抉择的相关影响并详细说明合理的评判标准与其价值体系是相关联的。在公共部门的交通决策中，其价值体系代表的不仅是某一个人或小团体的利益，而是整个社区的价值体系。社会中常存在着相互冲突的价值体系，因此，交通决策也包含着解决（价值冲突）的问题。 Two types of evaluation studies are commonly undertaken: pre-implementation studies, which facilitate the choice of the best course of action from among several alternative proposals, and post-implementation studies, which assess the performance of already implemented action. Post-implementation studies are important for two reasons. First, they help to discover whether or not the implemented alternative performs well, and second, they help to determine whether or not it continues to perform properly over time. This is especially important in the case of transportation systems, which are subject to changing conditions and also to evolving goals and objectives. Continuous monitoring and periodic performance evaluation can help identify emerging problems and also provide guidance to the design of possible improvements. （交通决策中）通常存在着两种类型的评估调查：实施前调查，这有助于在几种备选方案中选出最佳方案；实施后调查，用于评估实施项目的各项性能指标。实施后调查非常重要，原因有二：第一，它有助于发现实施项目是否运行良好；第二，它有助于确定（实施项目）随着时间流逝仍然能良好运行。在易受条件、目标和目的改变影响的交通运输系统中，（实施后调查）显得尤为重要。持续的监测和周期性的性能评估有助于发现问题，为可能的改进设计提供帮助。 An alternative must be both feasible and superior to all others in order to be selected for implementation. The prerequisites to the admission of an alternative to the list of acceptable options include the conditions of technological feasibility, economic efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, and availability of the needed resources. We present the fundamental elements of efficiency and effectiveness evaluation techniques, along with brief description of their conceptual foundations and their major strengths and weaknesses. 用于实施的选择方案必须具有可行性且优于其他备选方案。（项目中）能够进入候选名单的
CHAPTER1 1. The 4 types of economic utility（四种经济效用形式） (1) possession utility(2) form utility(3) place utility(4) time utility 2. The increased importance of logistics（物流日益增长的重要性） (1)a reduction in economic regulation（经济规制的放松）(2)changes in consumer behavior（顾客行为的改变） (3)technological advanced（技术进步）(4)the growing power of retailers （零售商权力的不断增大） (5)globalization of trade(贸易全球化) 3. Business logistics（企业物流） (1)inbound logistics（内向物流）(2)materials management（物料管理） (3)physical distribution（实物配送） 4. Logistical relationships within firm（公司内部的物流关系） (1)finance（财务）(2)marketing（营销）(3)production（价格决策） 5.4ps of marketing（营销4P） (1)place(地点)(2)price（价格）(3)product（产品）(4)promotion（促销）6. Marketing channels（营销渠道） (1)ownership channel（所有权渠道）(2)negotiations channel（协商渠道） (3)financing channel（财务渠道） (4)promotions channel（促销渠道）(5)logistics channel（物流渠道） (6)facilitators or channel intermediaries（渠道促进者和渠道中介） 7. Sorting function 4 steps（分类功能有四个步骤） (1)sorting out（分类）(2)accumulating（积聚）(3)allocating（分配）(4)assorting（再次分类） 8. Activities in the logistical channel（物流渠道中的活动） (1)customer service(顾客服务)(2)demand forecasting（需求预测） (3)facility location decision（设施选址决策） (4)industrial packaging（工业包装）(5)inventory management（库存管理） (6)materials handling（物料搬运） (7)order management（订单管理）(8)parts and service support（零配件和服务支持）(9)production scheduling（生产作业计划） (10)procurement（采购）(11)returned products（退货）(12)salvage and scrap disposal（残料和废料处理） (13)transportation management（运输管理）(14)warehousing management（仓储管理） CHAPTER 2 1. SCOR process（供应链运作参考流程） (1)plan（计划）(2)source（采购）(3)make（制造）(4)deliver（交货）(5)return （退货） 2. GSCF process（全球供应链论坛流程） (1)customer relationship management（顾客关系管理）(2)customer service management（顾客服务管理） (3)demand management（需求管理）(4)order fulfillment（订单履行） (5)manufacturing flow management（制造流程管理）
__________大学 2012～2013学年第____学期 《物流专业英语》考试试卷 参考答案 A 卷□ 题 号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 总分 阅卷人签字 分 数 I. 术语翻译（本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分） （一）英译汉部分 1) ex-factory price 出厂价 2) retail price 零售价 3) direct purchase 直接采购，直接购买 4) movements of goods/product 商品/产品的流转 5) supply chain 供应链 6) flow and storage of goods 商品的流动及储存 7) availability of goods 商品的现货性 （二）汉译英部分 8) 提单，提货单bill of lading 9) 询问答复式交易query-response transaction 10) 技术数据交换technical data interchange 11) 不可储存性non-storability 12) 带空座位出发depart with empty seats 姓名 学号 班级 座位号 考试说明。 1、本试卷为闭卷考试 2、试卷中所有试题的答案均写在答题纸上 3、总分：100分，考试时间：120分钟
13)剩余能量(运能)excess capacity 14)交货通知单delivery notification 15)周转储备rotation reserves II.完成下列句子（本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分） 16)Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the _______________________(商品的高效流动与存 储). (efficient flow and storage of goods) 17)There are two types of primary activities concerning the production of products: ____________________(生产与流通) . (production and distribution) 18)Production is the act or process of converting raw materials into _______________________(半成品或成品) ready for sale/delivery. (semi-finished goods or finished goods) 19)Distribution is _______________________(行动或过程) of moving goods/product (semi-finished or finished) to various locations/customers. (the act or process) 20)E-business, or e-commerce, refers to the processing of business transactions _______________________（通过电子方式）and with digitalized data. (via electronic means) 21)It is estimated that 25% of business in China is now _______________________（基于 电子商务的）and with steady growth. (e-based) 22)Any one transaction in e-business contains a number of primary “flows”, namely _______________________（信息流、商流、金流和物料流）. (flows of information, business, finance and goods) 23)There can be some major steps common for a product to travel from _______________________(订单接收) to delivery to the user. (receipt of order) 24)Other factors, such as the sales profit _______________________ （在整个物流链） also have an impact on the processes. (in the whole logistics link) 25)There are various modes of transportation and choice of the most feasible mode can be made as per the specific situation and _______________________（经营者的个体需要）. (the o perator’s individual needs) 26)Distribution is a _______________________（物流终端递送服务）in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time span. (logistics end delivery service) 27)Distribution focuses on customer satisfaction and aims at _______________________ （降低成本）. (cost reduction) 28)Its operation is often centralized and integrated _______________________ （在特定 的覆盖区域内）. (within a specific cover area) 29)Transport is _______________________（干线运输）between two points/places,