新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧
新四级汉译英段落翻译解题技巧
?题型简介?基本要求?翻译技巧
题型简介
?自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。
140~160词
基本要求
要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础，扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握，段落内容相对完整、结构相对独立。翻译时要把整个段落当作一个有机的语篇，注意各句子之间的衔接和段落间的过渡。
翻译技巧
(一) 词的翻译 (二) 句的翻译 (三) 段落翻译
(一) 词的翻译
1. 词义选择
2. 词类转换
3. 词的增补
4. 词的省略
5. 词的替代
1.词义选择
(1)语境词?汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，称之为“语境词”，应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词，不能按照原词的字面意思来译。?原文：手机刷新了人与人的关系。?译文：Cell phone have altered the relationship among people. ?分析：“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”，而并非是我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate，翻译为alter或 change更恰当。
(2) 表意模糊的词?原文：这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。?译文：The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. ?分析：“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词，具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统，译为qualified graduates比较确切。 (3) 比喻词汇?汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指含义完全不同，英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式，动态地译出其潜在含义。?原文：老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。?译文：The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition. ?分析：“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。
2.词类转换
(1)动词?名词?英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制，大量本应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词不受形态规则的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。?原文：吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。?译文：You"ll be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. ?分析：英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义
advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作，译文也显得较为地道。
(2)动词?介词?介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现，而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时，有些动词可以用介词来表达。?原文：人们常用剪纸美化环境。?译文：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. (3)动词?形容词?汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达，这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词（如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic 等），这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。?原文：在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。?译文：It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
(4) 形容词或副词?名词?由于语法结构的修辞的需要，汉语的形容词和副词也可以转译成英语的名词。?原文:.....只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。（?译文：...leaving these living things to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom. (5) 名词?动词?汉语的名词由英语的动词表达，此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。?原文：大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。?译文：People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature.
3.词的增补
(1)语法需要?由于汉英两种语言的差异，汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省去的词语或没有的词类，使译文符合英语语法的要求。增补的词多为冠词（英语所特有）、代词或名词（充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分）、连词和介词等。?原文：农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。?译文：People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their desires are far less either. ?分析：英语中用的最多的介词有at, by , for, from, in, of, on, to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带，在英语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时，要根据上下文搭配灵活地选择介词。
(2)意思表达需要?原文：这是黄河滩上的一幕。?译文：This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River. ?分析：增译taking place 短语，使译文更为生动贴切。(3)文化背景解释的需要?中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易为译文读者所理解的词语。在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。?原文：三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。?译文：The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.
4.词的省略
?把原文中一些仅为语法需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略，达到译文通顺、意思完整、句子精练的目的。?原文：于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。?译文：Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-piking, and head-nodding to headshaking.(删除重复的谓语动词)
5.词的代替
?汉译英时可用替代的方法来避免重复，英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。 (1) 名词成分替代①用代词替代重复出现
的名词?原文：有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。?译文：A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.
②用名词性替代词替代重复出现的名词?可用于替代的此类名词包括enough, half, the same, the kind, the sort, the former, the latter, the issue 等。?原文：——你最喜欢哪个男孩？——最高的那个男孩。译文：--Which boy do you like best? --The tallest one. ③同义词替代?同义词替代指用不同名词来表示同一个人或事物，常是概括词（generic term）和下属词（specific word）之间的替换。如用the furniture 替代table，用vehicle替代car，用the animal 替代horse 等，以免重复。?原文：另外一种方法是化学方法。?译文：Another method is the chemical approach.
(2) 谓语成分替代?可用于代替重复出现的动词，或整个谓语部分。此类替代词包括do 及其搭配do so, do it, do that, do this, do the same 等，替代句型包括so do/be/will+主语、so+主语+do/be/will、as be+主语等。?原文：我不愿为占用你的时间而道歉，我占用你的时间是有道理的。?译文：I will not apologize for trespassing on your time. I have a good reason for doing so/that. ?原文：他说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。?译文：You say he is
diligent, so he is. ?原文：成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。?译文：Achievement has a dual character, and so do mistakes.
（3）分句替代?用替代词so/ not 来替代充当宾语的that 从句；用 if so 或if not 替代条件状语从句；用so 代替整个从句。?原文；—明天会下雨吗？—我想不会/会下雨。?译文：----Will it rain tomorrow? ----I guess not/so. ?原文：你会来出席会议吗？假如不出席会议，请及早通知我们。?译文：Will you come to attend the meeting? If not, please notice us as soon as possible.
(二) 句的翻译
1. 确定主干
2. 语序调整
3. 正反转换
4. 语态对译
5. 长句翻译
6. 无主句
1.确定主干
?汉译英时，不管句子多么复杂，首先要考虑英语的基本框架。组织句子时，始终不脱离“主--谓”主干这一总的框架，然后再进行相应的时态变化、语态变化、句式转换（肯定式、否定式、疑问式、强调句式及倒装句式等），增加定语、状语修饰成分、插入语等。(1)确定主语
? ? ? ? ?原文：这个地区雨水较多。译文1：It rains a lot in this area. 译文2：This area sees much rain. 译文3：There is much rain in this area. 分析：汉语主语的角度变化很少，而英语则变化较多。例题原文的主语只能由“这个地区”担当，但在译成英语时就有了多种选择。同时还可以使用There be 结构和It 作主语。
(2)确定谓语?原文：在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。?译文: We shouldn’t be too romantic about human re lationships. ?分析：汉语中名词可充当谓语，英译文中转为系表结构。?原文：当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。?译文：As long as they are alive, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives. ?分析：汉语谓语动词时态、情态及语态是隐性的，英译文中应变为显形，译文补充出汉语中隐藏的时态。
2. 语序调整
（1）定语的位置?汉语的定语通常在修饰词之前；英语的定语位置分两种：前置和后置。单词充当定语通常放在被修饰的中心词前；而短语和从句作定语则多置于所修饰的中心语之后。?原文：它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。?译文：which present the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at various stages. ?原文：钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。?译文：Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for our mental and physical health.
（2）状语的位置
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原文：我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。译文：Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden. （状语前置）原文：中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切。译文：Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times. （状语后置）原文：我吃了晚饭后出去散步。译文：I went out for a walk after I had my dinner. / After I had my dinner, I went out
for a walk. 分析: 汉语按事情发生先后叙述，而英语中时间状语从句可在主句前，也可在主句后。
?原文：他本来在天津开会，会议一结束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来。?译文：He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vacation after finishing the me eting he had taken part in Tianjin. ?分析：多个时间状语出现时，汉语按时间先后顺序排列，而英语中状语的顺序则比较灵活。?原文：他是1970 年5 月20 日在北京朝阳区出生的。?译文：He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970. ?分析：汉语中时间状语在地点状语之前，时间状语与地点状语按从大到小的顺序排列，而英语中地点状语在时间状语之前，时间状语与地点状语按从小到大的顺序排列。
（3）汉英语言叙事重心不同?汉语先叙事，而后表态或评论，以突出话题，这种句子被称为主题句。汉译英时有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或进行评论，后叙事，以突出主句。?原文：下次会议要讨论什么，你给我们透透风吧。?译文：Will you give us some idea of what will be taken up at the next meeting? ?原文：万一有什么困难，请给我们一个信。?译文：Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
（4）强弱词语的顺序不同?表示感情色彩的轻重、强弱时，汉语将重的内容、强的词语放在前面；英语将语义轻的内容、弱的词语放在前面，基本原则是前轻后重，前简后繁。?原文：一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。?译文：In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and coul d not help crying my heart out. ?分析：原文中，感情色彩较重的词“摒弃”在前，相对较弱的词“遗忘”在后，但在英译文中却应调整。
（5）否定的转移?原文：他要等你答应帮助他后才肯走。?译文：He won't go away until you promise to help her. （6）习惯用法?原文：衣食住行是老百姓关心的大问题。?译文：Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people. ?原文：他饥寒交迫，吃了不少苦。?译文：He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
3. 正反转换
?人们在叙述同一事物或表达同一思想时，可以正说，也可以反说，汉语如此，英语也如此。例如：他是外乡人。他不是本地人。通常情况下，汉译英采用对应译法，即正说正译，反说反译。?原文：花在许多人家里开放着。?译文：In many little gardens flowers were in bloom。?原文：黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，不怀好心。?译文：The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen without the best of intentions. ? The weasel pays a courtesy visit to the hen with evil intent.
但是由于汉英两种语言表达习惯不同，在很多情况下会出现正说反译，反说正译的情况。 (1)正说反译?原文：我完全同意。?译文：I can't agree with you more. ?原文：你们大错特错了。?译文：You couldn't be more mistaken. ?原文：他为这件事竭尽全力。译文： He spared no pains/efforts in doing this.
(2)反说正译
?在汉译英中，反说正译的情况非常普遍，这是由于英语中有大量表达否定意义的词汇可以替代汉语的否定表达。①名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion 等等。?他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。? His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. ?我们完全不知道他的计划。? We are in complete ignorance of his plan. ?他未能履行诺言，我们大家都很失望。? His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.
②动词：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude等等。?使我们失望的是他不顾大局。? To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into
account. ?他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未能在人群中见到他。? He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.
③形容词和形容词短语：free from, far from, safe from, few, little, short ?这次演出根本没有失败，而是十分成功。? The show was far from being a failure; it was a great success. ?他的作文几乎没有语法错误。? There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition. ?据悉敌军给养不足。? It is reported that the enemy troops are short of
supplies.144015293
④副词和副词短语：otherwise, little, too…to等等。?他显然有不同的想法。? He evidently thinks otherwise. ?我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦。? I little knew what trouble he was going to have. ?他兴奋得说不出话来了。? He was too excited to speak.
⑤连词：unless, before, until, rather than, or 等等。?不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识。? Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge. ?部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。? The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops. ?他宁愿饿死，不愿行窃。? He will die of h unger before he steals.
⑥介词和介词短语：? above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of等等。?我要铅笔，不要钢笔。? I want a pencil instead of a pen. ?你早晨来看我的时候，我还没有起床。? When you called on me this morning, I was still in bed. ?他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家都很生气。? His lack o f consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present. ?是重力使我们不至于从地球上抛出去。(keep sb from doing ) ? It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth.
4. 语态对译
?指主动语态与被动语态的转换。汉语中被动句的使用范围相当窄，而英语中被动句表现能力强，使用频率高。汉译英时，必要时应改变句子的语态，以适应表达的需要。?原文：大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。?译文：People, rich or poor, are equally favored by Nature. ?原文：我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等莫不如此。?译文：Such examples have been set a lot by Chinese laboring people, great politicians and thinkers of past dynasties. ?分析：原文主语太长，可用被动句表达。
5. 长句翻译
（1）原序对译?即顺译法。这种方法多用于单一主语的长句，但要分清句中的信息重心。?原文：当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。?译文：As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.（2）分句合译
? ? ?汉译英时，汉语中教高层次的单位译为英语中层次较低一级的单位。原文：他们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。译文：Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at the beautiful twilight. 原文：一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？译文：Could there be any standard to evaluate the meaning of one's life? 原文：求学是一件艰苦的事情，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能成功。译文：To learn, actually, is to experience the indispensable pain and those who can not get it over with can not become learned. 分析：合译为一个并列句。
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（3）断句分译
?汉语多流水句，一个长句可能有多个主语，英语一句话只能有一个主语，因此，应当把长句拆开来翻译。?原文：一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。?译文：One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of their guests collected and their laughter was heard all over there. ?原文：这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21 世纪的强盛。?译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. An important topic for discussing at our gatherings was the prosperity of Chinese nation in the 21st century.
（4）主次信息句
?在汉语中，有时两个或两个以上的不同主语的句子在表面上是并列的，没有主从或偏正关系，但实际上有内在的逻辑关联和主次之分，因此不宜断句分译，而应把主要信息译为完整的句子，把次要信息以独立结构的形式体现。?原文：很难说他什么时候回家，我得上床睡觉了。?译文：There being no telling when h e'll be home, I have to go to bed now. ?原文：这位民族英雄没有死，他的故事照亮了千百万人的心。?译文：This national hero lives on, his story lighting up the hearts of millions of people. ?原文：在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。?译文：Before I became ill, I was much petted by my parents, doing everything at will in the home.
6. 无主句
?汉语有很多无主句，这符合汉语意合的思维习惯。而英语则多重形合，句子一般都需要主句。汉译英时，就需要补出省略的主语，或改变句型结构。?原文：但是，大体上看一个人对生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。?译文：However, if we,on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is ….
(三)段落翻译
1. 段落的衔接
2. 段落的连贯
3. 新四级翻译样卷
1.段落的衔接
?段落的衔接(cohesion),也称段落的粘合，是指段落中各部分在语法和词汇方面的关系，即段落的各个部分的排列和连接要符合逻辑。?衔接手段：逻辑关系、时间关系、空间
关系?翻译策略：添加连接词，增强连贯性。
逻辑关系
①先后或列举：first, second…; in the second place; nest/then; for one thing…for another…; furthermore/moreover/in addition/ besides;finally/last; and等。②因果：consequently/ as a result/ hence/ accordingly/ thus/so/therefore; because/since/for等。③特例或举例：in particular; specifically; for instance/ for example; that is /namely等。④引出结论：in conclusion/finally/all in all/ to sum up；evidently/ clearly/ actually; of course
等。⑤But/however/yet/nevertheless; on the contrary; on the other hand; neither…nor等。时间关系
①表示频率：frequently/often; occasionally/ now and then; day after day; again and again等。②表示阶段：during; briefly; for a long time; for many years等。③表某一时刻：then/ at that time/ in those days; last Sunday; next Christmas; in 2005; at the beginning go
Sep; at six o’clock; two months ago等。④表示开端：at first/ in the beginning; before then; in the preceding weeks等。⑤表示其间：in the meantime/ while this was going on/ meanwhile/ as it was happening/ at the same time/ simultaneously等。⑥表示结束：eventually/ finally/ at last/ in the end 等。
空间关系
①表示近：close to/near; next to/ alongside / adjacent to; facing等。②表示远：in the distance/ far/ beyond/ away/ on the far side; there等。③表示方向：up; down; forward(s); backward(s); sideways; along; across; to the left/right; in front of/ behind; above/ below; inside/outside等。
英语语篇的衔接
? I tried to get to sleep. My neighbo ur owns an acoustic guitar and an electric guitar. He likes to play the electric guitar. I had to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. The other neighbour and his wife must be more tolerant than me. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it. I don't know what his wife thinks about it. My neighbour plays the guitar quite badly. I wish my neighbour would take up another hobby. ? I'm trying to get to sleep but he's at it again, my neighbour, playing the guitar. He actually owns two guitars, a simple acoustic one and an expensive el ectric one. But he seems to prefer to play the electric one late at night when I'm trying to get to sleep and have to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it, or his wife for that matter. They must be more tolerant than me. The problem is, not only does he play the guitar very loudly, but he also plays it quite badly. I really wish he would take up another hobby altogether, or at least find a quieter musical instrument to play.
2. 段落的连贯
?段落的连贯(coherence)指的是内容情节的串联，或者逻辑关系上的贯通，总得来说就是有完整的语义关系。? a text can be linguistically cohesive but incoherent, as the example illustrates: ? My father bought a Lincoln convertible. The car driven by the police was red. That color doesn't suit her. She consists of three letters. However, a letter isn't as fast as a telephone call. ? A: That's the telephone B: I'm in the bath A: O.K
汉英段内连贯对比：替代、重复和省略?英语：重代词、同义词近义词、代替句型的替代作用?汉语：相同词语的重复?翻译策略：少重复，多替代?英语：按语法形式要求进行省略（所有格、形容词及介词等后面的名词；系动词后面的表语；主谓一致时的主语或谓语等）。?汉语：按语境省略（主语、领属语、中心语、关联词、谓语皆可省略）。?翻译策略：省略得当，句式简洁
?读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨。? Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logi c and rhetoric able to contend. ?要了解一个人，可以看他交什么样的朋友，可以看他看什么样的书，因为有的人跟人交朋友，有的人跟书交朋友，但不管跟人交朋友还是跟书交朋友，都应该教好朋友。? A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. ?所以每每在大雪中的黄昏里，围着暖炉，围着祖父，听着祖父读着诗篇，看着祖父读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇。? On snowy evenings, we children often sat around the heating stove by grandpa, listening to him reading poems and watching his busy ruddy lips.
3. 新四级翻译样卷
?剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
翻译样卷答案：
? Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧 新四级汉译英段落翻译解题技巧 ?题型简介?基本要求?翻译技巧 题型简介 ?自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。 140~160词 基本要求 要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础，扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握，段落内容相对完整、结构相对独立。翻译时要把整个段落当作一个有机的语篇，注意各句子之间的衔接和段落间的过渡。 翻译技巧 (一) 词的翻译 (二) 句的翻译 (三) 段落翻译 (一) 词的翻译 1. 词义选择 2. 词类转换 3. 词的增补 4. 词的省略 5. 词的替代 1.词义选择 (1)语境词?汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，称之为“语境词”，应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词，不能按照原词的字面意思来译。?原文：手机刷新了人与人的关系。?译文：Cell phone have altered the relationship among people. ?分析：“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”，而并非是我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate，翻译为alter或 change更恰当。 (2) 表意模糊的词?原文：这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。?译文：The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. ?分析：“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词，具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统，译为qualified graduates比较确切。 (3) 比喻词汇?汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指含义完全不同，英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式，动态地译出其潜在含义。?原文：老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。?译文：The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition. ?分析：“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。 2.词类转换 (1)动词?名词?英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制，大量本应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词不受形态规则的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。?原文：吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。?译文：You"ll be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. ?分析：英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义 advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作，译文也显得较为地道。 (2)动词?介词?介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现，而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时，有些动词可以用介词来表达。?原文：人们常用剪纸美化环境。?译文：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. (3)动词?形容词?汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达，这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词（如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic 等），这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。?原文：在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。?译文：It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译预测 大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表，因为外表的东西往往不真实，也别在意财富，因为再多的财富也会有用完的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人，因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦，去你想去的地方，成为你想成为的人，因为人生短暂，机会错过了可能就不会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大，永远怀抱希望你才会开心，幸福。 Don’t go for looks which often deceive you. Don’t go for wealth which would be used up however amazing it is. Go for someone who will make you smile because a smile is enough to render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; become the one you want to be, because one’s life is short and once you let the chance slip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when you keep trying can you become strong; only when you cherish hopes can you remain cheerful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二 七夕节——中国人的情人节 中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节，常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说：年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸，终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人，传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥，好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “Qi Xi Jie” ----Chinese Valentine’s Day The Chinese also have a day devoted to “love” that is “Qi Xi Jie”, or the seventh of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Often called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. This romantic traditional festival originated from a old legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sides of the Milky Way. They have been waiting for each other for a year but can not meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Jade Emperor ordered all magpies must flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so that the couple could meet there on the seventh night of the seventh month. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三
大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题 Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year?s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。 参考答案 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year?s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the new year cake. 难点精析 ■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。 2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。 ■ 3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。 4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。 5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为family reunion 即可。 Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。)
汉译英： 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多 奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名 山，反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time
英语四级考试段落翻译技巧 这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于英语四级考试段落翻译技巧的文档，希望对你能有帮助。 2017年6月四级段落翻译技巧1. 在翻译前，先确定可以正确理解文章意思。 如：年夜饭译：The annual reunion dinner 析：指过年的那顿团圆饭，每年一次。所以在翻译时要表达出这个团聚的含义。 2017年6月四级段落翻译技巧2. 中文没有过去式，但是英文有啊，前往别忘记翻译时态的转换 如:我在第一段说过，我刚从大学毕业。 译: AsI said in my first paragraph, I was fresh from college. 析：中文的时态是依赖一些汉字表达，英文根据动词的变化形式展示。文中的“过”英文采用一般过去时翻译。 2017年6月四级段落翻译技巧3. 有些介词可能会帮到忙，比如with+ 名词的结构，就很多见。 如：这里有许多山脉，生长着大片的森林，贮藏着丰富的矿产。 译: There are mountain ranges here with extensive forests and rich mineral resources. 析：生长和储藏这两个动词在译文中并没有以动词的形式翻译，转译为英文的介词。
2017年6月四级段落翻译技巧4. 应用英语的固定句型，这些句式可以加分，绝对是亮点 如：是巴斯德发现了疾病是由活着的病菌引起的。 译: It wasPasteur who discovered that diseases are caused by living germs. 析：此句应用了英文的强调句进行翻译。 2017年6月四级段落翻译技巧5. 分析上下句之间的逻辑关系，添加一些简单的连词，英文的译文会更漂亮。 如：汽油贵得惊人，我们就很少用车。 译: Becausethe price of gasoline was fantastically high, we seldom used our cars. 析：在原文中并没有出现表示原因类的词汇，但是在译文中根据两个句子之间的逻辑关系添加了表示原因的.从句连词。 【延伸阅读】 英语四级听力考试改革后的应试策略 英语四级听力改革难道增大： 1. 取消短对话 2. 取消短文听写 3. 新增短篇新闻(3段) 其余测试内容不变。调整后四级听力部分的试题结构见下表： 考试内容 考试题型 题量
2013年12月大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题 练习1 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。 参考答案 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “1 ”new year cake . 难点精析 ■1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。 2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。 ■3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。 4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。 5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为family reunion 即可。 练习2 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 参考答案 In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved. 难点精析 1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。 2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用| 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是：两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。 3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。 4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。
很多同学都认为四级翻译最重要的是词汇，我们不能否认四级翻译中词汇的重要性，但是最重要的还应该是句式。一个好的句式能瞬间提升阅卷老师的印象，分数提高一 个档次。下面我们就结合例题来为大家讲解一下。 1.四级段落翻译技巧：修饰后置 例题： 做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。 Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate. 分析：本句中“非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力”是修饰工作的，所以修 饰部分放在后面用which引导定语从句。同学们在备考时也要注意，不要逐字翻译进 行单词的罗列，一定注意句式分开层次。 2.四级段落翻译技巧：插入语 插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考（微博）的考点。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构 仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结;有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。 插入语真题重现： 中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已 经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。 The Chinese knot,originally invented by craftsman, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft after hundred years of improvement. 分析：本句中“最初是由手工艺人发明的”是对中国结的补充说明，将它删掉之 后主句依然完整，故在译文中将其作为插入语。 3.四级段落翻译技巧：非限定性从句 非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定 语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需 要用逗号隔开。 非限定从(样题重现)：
汉译英-大学英语四级必看
汉译英 --目的,要求和评分 第一部分: 概述 一、主要目的 1996年以前，全国大学英语四级考试的阅读理解部分一直采用多项选择题型，不能真实地反映考生的水平，不能较好地检测考生是否真正地理解了原文。因此，全国大学英语考试委员会决定在阅读理解部分增设英译汉翻译题，其主要目的在于考核考生对英语书面材料的确切理解能力, 促使学生提高英语的实际动手能力。这无疑给考生提出了更高的要求。 1999年新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》对基础阶段（l～2年级）学生的翻译能力（英译汉）具体要求如下：“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300个英语单词。” 二、具体要求 英译汉一般安排在阅读理解部分之后，每次共4至5题。分别从4篇文章中分别选择1个或2个句子组成，要求考生在15分钟之内将它们译成汉语，每题2分，共计10分。 因此，翻译时考生需参阅整篇文章的大意，理解上下文，以便更好地传达原意。 三、评分标准 根据最新的全国大学英语四级考试大纲公布样题的评分标准，每道英译汉题为2分，具体细化为4个部分，1.5分判给题中3个必须翻译正确的语言点，另外O.5分判给整句翻译的语言结构。 例如：And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind． 第二节答题步骤 英译汉的步骤主要可分为理解、表达和校正3步。理解是表达的基础，表达是双语转换的体现，二者不可分割，没有准确的理解就没有顺畅的表达。尽管全国大学英语四级考试时间比较紧，但校正仍是不可省略的一步。 一、理解 首先是理解句子所关联的主题。由于英译汉翻译题的选句是从语篇中划出句子，其内容必然关联主题。 因此，必须对文章有一个准确的理解。对原文作透彻的理解是翻
大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表，因为外表的东西往往不真实，也别在意财富，因为再多的财富也会有用完 的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人，因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦，去你想去的地方，成为你想成为的人，因为人生短暂，机会错过了可能就不 会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大，永远怀抱希望你才会开心，幸福。 Don't gofor looks which often deceiveyou. Don't go for wealth which would beused up however amazingit is. Gofor someonewho will make you smile becausea smile is enoughto render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream;go where you want to go; becomethe one you want to be,becauseone'l s ife is short and once you le t the chanceslip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when youk eeptrying can you become strong; only when you cherishhopescan you remain cheer ful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二七夕节——中国人的情人节中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节，常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说：年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸，终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。 玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人，传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥，好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “ QXi i Jie ” -- ChineseValentine D'a s y The Chinesealso have a day devoted to “ love t”hat is “ QiXi Jie ”o,r the seventhof t he seventhmonth on the Chinese lunar calendar.Often called “ ChinesVealentine D'a s y”T.his romantic traditional festival originated from aold legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sidesof the Milky Way. They have beenwaiting fo r eachother for a yearbut cannot meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Ja de Emperor ordered all magpiesmust flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so th at thecouple could meetthereon the seventhnight of the seventhmonth. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三 中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不 愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央， 这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家 (sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。 Chineselike to eattogether,which is atradition thatcanbetracedbackin along time ago.ItreflectstheChinesenotionofunionversusdivision —roundtables,rounddish es,and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at t he centerof the table so that everyonearound the table can share them. A hot pot, in p
英语汉译英段落翻译练习 过度包装浪费资源、污染环境、危害社会利益，于国家、社会和个人都是有百害而无一利，应坚决予以杜绝。要建立朴素的包装理念，提倡适度包装。建设节约型社会conservation-mindedsociety，社会、企业和个人都有责任。个人要建立绿色消费观，提倡朴素消费。如果人际交往中重情谊轻礼品，重实际轻面子，这样过度包装就没有生存的土壤。社会应加大宣传力度，引导朴素、理性的消费观念，培育健康的社会风貌。 参考翻译: Over-packaging should be forbidden due to itswasting resources, polluting the enviromnent,endangering social interest, which will do nothingbut harm to the country, society and individuals. Weshould establish the idea of packaging simply andadvocate proper package. It's the common responsibility of society, enterprises and individualsto construct a conservation-minded society. Individuals should build up. a view of greenconsumption and advocate plain-consuming. If everyone emphasizes friendship rather thangifts, content rather than surface in social relationship, over-packaging can by no means exist.Our society should further advocate the concept of plain and reasonable consuming so as tofoster a healthy social atmosphere. 信用卡credit card是由银行发行的卡，持卡人可以凭卡赊购buy on credit 商品和服务。使用信用卡最大的好处就是能给持卡人带来极大的方便。人们可以使用信用卡赊购他们需要的东西，并在一段时期内付淸欠款,而不必随身携带大量的现金。但如此的便利也带来了一些问题，如恶意透支malicious overdraft。还会剌激使用者超前消费，容易产生月光族。在消费的时候，使用信用卡会促使消费者更加冲动地购物，甚至购买一些平时不怎么用的商品。 参考翻译: A credit card is a card issued by a bank,allowing its holder to buy goods and services on credit.The most obvious advantage of credit card is the huge convenience it brings to card holders.People can use the cards to buy what they want on credit and pay off the debt over a period of time instead of carrying a large sum of cash with them.But such convenience also brings such problems as malicious overdraft and overconsumption which will easily reduce the card users to“moonlight group”.When shopping,consumers
英语四级考试段落翻译的高分技巧 这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于英语四级考试段落翻译的高分技巧的文档，希望对你能有帮助。 四级段落翻译技巧1. 在翻译前，先确定可以正确理解文章意思。 如：年夜饭译：The annual reunion dinner 析：指过年的那顿团圆饭，每年一次。所以在翻译时要表达出这个团聚的含义。 四级段落翻译技巧2. 中文没有过去式，但是英文有啊，前往别忘记翻译时态的转换 如:我在第一段说过，我刚从大学毕业。 译: AsI said in my first paragraph, I was fresh from college. 析：中文的时态是依赖一些汉字表达，英文根据动词的变化形式展示。文中的'“过”英文采用一般过去时翻译。 四级段落翻译技巧3. 有些介词可能会帮到忙，比如with+ 名词的结构，就很多见。 如：这里有许多山脉，生长着大片的森林，贮藏着丰富的矿产。 译: There are mountain ranges here with extensive forests and rich mineral resources. 析：生长和储藏这两个动词在译文中并没有以动词的形式翻译，转译为英文的介词。
四级段落翻译技巧4. 应用英语的固定句型，这些句式可以加分，绝对是亮点 如：是巴斯德发现了疾病是由活着的病菌引起的。 译: It wasPasteur who discovered that diseases are caused by living germs. 析：此句应用了英文的强调句进行翻译。 四级段落翻译技巧5. 分析上下句之间的逻辑关系，添加一些简单的连词，英文的译文会更漂亮。 如：汽油贵得惊人，我们就很少用车。 译: Becausethe price of gasoline was fantastically high, we seldom used our cars. 析：在原文中并没有出现表示原因类的词汇，但是在译文中根据两个句子之间的逻辑关系添加了表示原因的从句连词。
1. 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year?s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。 参考答案 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Ch inese lunar New Year?s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake . 难点精析 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。 2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。 3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。 4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying 或watching表示。 5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize 表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为family reunion 即可。 2. 北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 参考答案 In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only