虚拟语气
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通 过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强 烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人 说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故 采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。 ( 真实 ) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实，虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气） 用法及动词形式
从句
主句
If+ 主语 +did 与现在事实相反 （ be 动 词 were ）
主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
主语 +should/would/ 与过去事实相反 If+ 主语 +had done could/might+have done
1.If+ 主语 +did 主语 +should/would/ 与将来事实相反 2.If+ 主语 +were to could/might+do 3.If+ 主语 +should 例句： 1 、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你） 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 （事实：不知道） 1 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 生物。 ( 事实：地球上既有空气也有水 ) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 2 、表示与过去事实相反的情况
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 （事实：没带钱）
如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。 （事实：没有努力）
例： 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 3 、表示对将来情况的主观推测，与将来事实相反 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实：不知能否下雪） 3 ． If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 3 、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整 。 ① 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 。 如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. ② 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Were she here, she would agree with us. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去 。 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 （事实：没有听我的话）
4 、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 5 、非真实 条件句 中的条 件从 句 有时不 表达出 来，只 暗含 在 副词、 介词短 语、上 下文 或 其他方 式表示 出来， 这种 句 子叫做 含蓄 条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如 without…., but for…. 等 如： But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们 就会给他打电话。 6 、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情 。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。 、 虚拟语气的其他用法 用在 wish 后的宾语从句 a 、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。 ( 事实：我根本比不上你 ) 2
b 、表示与过去 事实相反的愿望，谓语动词： had+done eg: eg. I wish I had known the truth of the matter. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。 （事实：原来不知道） c 、表示将来 难以实现的愿望，谓语动词： should/would + 动词原形 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。 （事实：很难再有这样的机会了） ( 注： if only 和 as if/as though 也有相同用法） 用在目的状语从句中 1. 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的从句中，若用 虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略 eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in . He started out earlier lest he should be late. 词原形。 eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。 其他用法 1 、 一 想 要 (desire) 二 宁 愿 (prefer) 三 命 令 (order, command) 四 建 议 (advice. Suggest, propose) 五 要 求 (demand , require, request , desire , insist) 中 ，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词 都用： “ should + 动词原形 ” 或只 用 “ 动词原形 ”。 如： He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice . insist 如果翻译成坚持某种 动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 如： He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 suggest 意为 “ 建议 ” 才用虚拟 语气，意为 “ 暗示 ” 则不用虚拟语气。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried . 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 2 、表情绪 . 观点的形容词或名词也要 用虚拟语气 . 如 :necessary 、 important 、 impossible 、 natural 、 strange 、 surprising 、 funny 、 right 、 wrong 、 better 、 a pity 等。 句型： It is.......that + 主语从 句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+ 原型 或只用动词原 型。 3 、在 even if, even though 所引 导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句 的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结 构相同。 如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 （事实：他没来） Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 （事实：华佗不在世） 4 、在 whatever ， whichever ， whenever ， whoever, wherever ， however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句 中，从句虚 拟语气结构为： 指现在或将来： may + 动词原形 。 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 如： We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. We will find him wherever he may be. 指过去： may + 完成式 。 如： You mustn’t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。 5 、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后 的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符 的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其 虚拟语气的结构为： 过去 : had + 过去分词 ; 现在 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) ; 将来 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) 3 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
2 、在 so that, in order that 所 引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动
如： I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. I’d rather you were here now. We’d rather you went here tomorrow.
我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 我们倒想你明天去那儿
我倒想你现在 在这儿。
6 、虚拟语 气还可 用在定 语从 句 中，表 示 ： “ 早该做 某事 了 ” 时，定 语从句 中的谓 语动 词 须用虚 拟语气 ，其虚 拟语 气 的结构 为： It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. It is high time you should go to work. 7 、简单句中的虚拟语气 （ 1 ） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦 虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。 其虚拟语气的结构形式常为： would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 如： Would you mind my shutting the door? I should agree with you. 我把门关起来你介意吗？ 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 You should always learn this lesson by heart. （ 2 ） 表示 “ 祝愿 ” 时，常用 may + 主语 + 动词原形。 如： May you have a good journey! May your youth last for ever! 如： 祝你一路顺风。 祝你青春永驻。 中国共产党万岁。 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 你早该上班了。
我应该同意你的观点。
（ 3 ） 表示强烈的 “ 愿望 ” 、 “ 祝愿 ” 时，常用动词原形。 Long live the Communist Party of China. God bless us. 上帝保佑。
（ 4 ） 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 ① 提出请求或邀请。 如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? Could I use your bike now? ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。 如： I should glad to meet you. ③提出劝告或建议。 如： You’d better ask your father first. ④ 提出问题。 如： Do you think he could get here on time? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你认为他能按时来吗？ 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？ 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 你应该先全面调查一番。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 见到你我会很高兴。 我会尽力帮助你。 I would try my best to help you. 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ 我可以用一下你的单车吗？
⑤ 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have + 过去分词。 如： You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。 省略的虚拟条件句型 省略连词 if 有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略，但此时应用 倒装句型，即将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首： Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 【注】 ① 若条件从句为否定句， 否定词 not 应置于主语之后， 而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t 而置于句首。 ② 有时省略 if 后提前的 had 不是助动词： Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。 (=If I had time…) 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词 be 4
若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词 be ，通常可将主语和动词 be 省略： If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。 (=If it had been repaired earlier…) 省略 “it+be” If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。 (=If it was necessary, I would…) 省略整个条件从句 这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的： I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。 (=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.) 在含蓄条件句中的用法 (1) 条件暗含在短语中。 1 We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we wo uld have telephoned him. ○ 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 （暗含条件是 otherwise ） 2 Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much. ○ 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。 （暗含条件是介词短语 without your help ）
3 But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. ○ 如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。 （暗含条件是 but for your help ） 4 It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. ○ 不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。 (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。 1 I would not have done it that way. ○ 我是不会那么做的。 （可能暗含 if I were you ） （暗含条件是 not to lubricate the bearing immediately ）
2 I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. ○ 我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。 （可能暗含 if I hadn’t been so busy. ） 3 ○ You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以参加我们的讨论。 （可能暗含 if you wanted to ）
4 I would have bought the DVD player. ○
我是会买下那台影碟机的。 （可能暗含 if I had the money ） 要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。
5 But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. ○ （可能暗含 if it had not been for the storm ） 。
虚拟语气练习题 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. 5
A. come; would meet
B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet
D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. Spoke C. will speak D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. Were C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours 7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone B. have been lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. Knows C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then. A. had been B. Were C. was D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____. A. should fall behind C. may fall behind B. fell behind D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. Would C. do D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there. A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go 6
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike? A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car? —I would have bought one if I _____ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____. A. she make a dress C. she will make a shirt B. she would have made a shirt D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave C. Were he to leave B. Was he leaving D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station. A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year. A. has 29.It is strange that he _____ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak B. Had C. have D. will have
30.Had I known her name, _____ A. or does she know mine? C. she would be beautiful. B. and where does she live? D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that. A. know B. Knows C. known D. knew
32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. 7
A. possessed
B. Owned C. had
D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting. A. would come B. Came C. would have come D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. A. will take B. Took C. take D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early. A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time. A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad head ache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____. A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins. A. go C. will go 1—5 BBDAD 21—25 DBCCC 解析： 1.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。 3.as if 后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。 4.It is important that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 5.as if 后面是真实情况，不虚拟。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/088329962.html,in 是 lie 的过去分词，表示“躺”。 7.could have done 表示“本来可以”。 8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。 9.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 10.but for 表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。 11.in advance 表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 12.wish 的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。 13.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。 14.for fear that 后面的状语从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。 8 B. shall go D. would go 6—10 DDCAD 26—30 DCCCD 11—15 CDCAA 31—35 DDCCB 16—20 ACAAD 36—40 DCACD
16.suggest 后面的宾语从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 17.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 19.would rather 的宾语从句用 sb. did 的形式。 20.It is time 后面的定语从句用 sb. did 的形式。 21.第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个 had 表示“有”。 22.would have done 是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。 23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把 if 去掉，助动词提前。 24.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。 26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be 动词都要用 were 的形式。 27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 28.require 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 29.It is strange that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 30.had I known 是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。 31.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 32.第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个 had 表示“有”。 33.otherwise 经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。 34.当 insist 表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。 35.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 36.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。 37.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 38.当 insist 表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。 39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 40.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。
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虚拟语气练习题 用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already _____(have) a typewriter, I _____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he _____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you.
虚拟语气练习题 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? 二．辨认并改正错误： 1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then. 2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old. 3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East. 4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination. 5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time. 6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil. 7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.
情态动词、虚拟语气60题 1. ——Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. —— No, I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t 2. ——I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins.＿＿＿I have a look? —— Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C.Shall D. Should 3. He seldom listens to others. He＿＿＿＿＿answer for what he has done. A. shall B. will C. can D. would 4. ——May I leave the office before 5 o’clock in the afternoon? ——No, I’m afraid you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn't D. won’t 5. —— Shall I tell John about it? —— No, you＿＿＿＿. I don’t know his telephone number. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 6. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How＿＿＿it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 7. The traffic light is red, so I＿＿＿＿＿＿stop my car. A. must B. have to C. can D. mustn’t 8. —— What happened to the young trees we planted? —— The trees＿＿＿＿＿＿well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. needn’t have grown C. would grow D. would have grown 9. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 10. Children＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in public very often. A. should be praised B. shouldn’t have praised C. shouldn’t have be en praised D. shouldn’t be praised 11. Let’s clean the classroom, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?
英语虚拟语气练习题20篇及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 2．--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. ---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity. A．will have, am B．would have, was C．had, were D．have, is 【答案】C 【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be动词用were。故选C 3．--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars? --I’d give it to the charity A．win B．won C．will win D．is to win 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果你赢了一百万美元，你要做什么？——我会把它捐给慈善机构。结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实，故用一般过去时态，选B。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句
. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 虚拟语气练习题 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. Part A. 8.t be so many accidents. What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn'9.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 3.The boat wouldn't have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 't know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 13.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 7.Today's industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 8.14.9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. I hate driving. I'd much rather you _____(drive). 15.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 11. 17.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 12.18.down yesterday. A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 20.Isn'14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? If only we _____(have) a phone! I'm tired of queuing outside the public phone box.
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing（that） /provided（that）/on condition that/suppose （that）/supposing （that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
备战2019高考英语专题-虚拟语气-巩固提升练习（含解析） 一、单选题 1.Previously we wish some of the things ________ effortless, but we now find them unattainable. A.was B.had been C.were D.has been 2.The workers insisted that they ______ a free lunch every noon, and the boss had to give in. A.are given B.being given C.will be given D.be given 3.We got up early for fear that we ______ miss the early bus. A.could B.should C.will D.can 4.Thank you for your timely help; otherwise we in great trouble now. A.must have been B.would have been C.would be D.must be 5.I wish I at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. A.would have been B.would be C.were D.had been 6.Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam____ at the age of six months old. A.was B.be C.were D.is 7.Mr. White ___________ at 8:30 am for the meeting, but he didn't show up. A.ought to arrive B.should arrive C.should have arrived D.was supposed to arrived 8.I requested that you ________ the task on time. A.finished B.finish C.could finish D.would finish 9.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A.were B.had been C.should be D.was 10.My cousin insisted that she ______ to Australia for further study. But the company refused her application. A.sends B.will be sent C.be sent D.would be sent 11.—What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time. —Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier. https://www.doczj.com/doc/088329962.html,municate B.had communicated https://www.doczj.com/doc/088329962.html,municated D.would communicate 12.I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present. A.studied B.had studied C.have studied D.will study 13.After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise ________. A.had been overlooked B.were overlooked C.would have been overlooked D.would be overlooked 14.The officer commanded that everyone passing by ______ that day. A.search B.would be searched C.be searched D.must be searched 15.He remembers everything of his childhood as if it ______ just now. A.was happening B.happens C.happened D.has happened 16.It is the first time he ________ here and now it is high time that he ________ around. https://www.doczj.com/doc/088329962.html,e; should be shown B.has come; was shown
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there __ _ no light during the days? (be) 3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take) 6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come) 7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be) 8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see) 9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick) 10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make) 11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help) 12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow) 13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come) 14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take) 15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 16. What would have happened if you her child? (not help) 17. It is strange that he so. (think) 18. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet) 19. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move) 20. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come) 21. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be) 22. If only I to my parents’ advice! (listen) 23. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope) 24. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree) 25. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be)
虚拟语气练习题 1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3. The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4. It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5. He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7. I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8. Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10. _____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11. If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。