I. Multiple Choice（2 points each）
Directions: There are22 statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the RIGHT ONE that can best complete the statement. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. The United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants each year and is
referred to as a melting-pot society. This trend can reflect the theory of _____.
A. macroculture
B. microculture
C. globalization
D. modernization
2. Jackie Chan (a well-known Chinese movie star) once said “Wherever I go, I am Chinese.”
So we can say Jackie Chan has a sense of belonging to Chinese culture. This sense of belonging is called_____.
A. cultural value
B. subculture
C. cultural identity
D. cultural norm
3. ______ refer to rules for appropriate behaviors, which provide the expectations people have of one another and of others.
A. Beliefs
B. Values
C. Roles
D. Norms
4. Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in the U.S, has adapted himself so well to American
culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called_____.
A. separation and segregation
B. integration
C. assimilation
D. marginalization
5. _____ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
A. Decoding
B. Channel
C. Encoding
D. Source
6. The _____ is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.
A. message
B. source
C. context
D. feedback
7. In China, if a Tibetan communicates with a Han, it is _____.
A. interracial communication
B. interethnic communication
C. international communication
D. interpersonal communication
8. There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics but
similar habits. However, i f he is not well educated, his nature changes ”. This belief can reflect that_____.
A. Human nature is evil but perfectible.
B. Human nature is a mixture of good and evil.
C. Human nature is good but corruptible.
D. None of the above.
9. _____ deals with a culture’s most fundamental beliefs about its place in the cosmos, beliefs about God,
and beliefs about the nature of humanity and nature.
A. Worldview
B. Life view
C. V alue
D. Cultural value
10. Cultures, such as China and Japan, belong to _____ cultures.
A. silent
B. high-context
C. low-context D perception
11. Which one is not the reason for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotypes, prejudice and racism? ______
A. Socialization
B. Social benefit
C. Economic benefit
D. Industrialization
12. Dragon, the symbol of evil, is a dinosaur-like animal in western culture, usually the keeper of treasure or princess. Chinese dragons are so different from western ones. They are the God of rain and symbol of emperor. This reflects words ______.
A. with counterpart in another language
B. without counterpart in another language
C. with same associated meanings
D. with different associated meanings
13._____ style values low amount of talk, or even silence. This style can be found in high-context culture with high uncertainty avoidance.
A. Elaborate
B. Exacting
C. Succinct
D. Contextual
14. Chinese idioms “祸从口出”（Disaster emanates from careless talk.）and”沉默是金”（Silence is gold.）express ______ communication style.
A. elaborate
B. succinct
C. exacting
D. contextual
15. In written business communication, the opening of American style is______.
A. offering thanks
B. apologizing
C. direct to objective
D. giving personal
greeting
16. _____ is the way we use fixed space and personal space.
A. Olfactics
B. Proxemics
C. Haptics
D. Kinesics
17. 4 feet to 12 feet, the distance between salespeople and customers and between people
who work together, is called _______ zone.
A. intimate
B. personal
C. social
D. public
18.__________ is interaction that is perceived as effective in fulfilling certain rewarding objectives in a
way that is also appropriate to the context in which the interaction occurs.
A. Intercultural competence
B. Competent communication
C. Social competence
D. Communication competence
19. ______ promote a correct perception of the host environment and its social systems.
A. Social skills
B. Cognitive skills
C. Linguistic skills
D. IT skills
20.In the _____ culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group.
A. masculinity
B. femininity
C. individualist
D. collectivism
II.Case Analysis（5 points each）
Directions:In this section you are supposed to analyze the following cases from the perspective of intercultural communication. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
21. Wang Lei, a Chinese student, knows every word in the following sentence “The old man
kicked the bucket”, but he is confused about this sentence since it means that the old man died.
22.Mr. Bias is a director of a European private company. Now he is interviewing candidates
for the position of assistant manager. He selected a bright and ambitious applicant. Later, he discovered that this applicant was from the country India. Since he thinks that all Indians are stupid and lazy, he has decided to select someone else for the position.
23. In intercultural business negotiation settings, American negotiators are mission-driven,
and they express their offers openly. They may say “Let’s go to the point”. Whil e Chinese negotiators usually look forward to long-term partnership. There is a slow start to “warm up”, they don’t expect any open conflict for whatever reasons, and they are always trying to “save face” for both sides.
24. In Asia, white hair earns respect. In a delegation of three people, one of whom has white
hair, that one will be first to be seated, first to be greeted, first through doors, and so forth.
III.Short Answer（10 points each）
Directions:In this section you are supposed to answer the following questions with the knowledge of intercultural communication. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.
25. How is culture learned?
26.What are the fundamental values of America?
IV. English-Chinese Translation（20 points）
Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
Staring at people or holding a glance too long is considered improper in English-speaking countries. Even when the look may be one of appreciation---as of beauty---it may make people uneasy and embarrassed. Many Americans traveling abroad find the stares of the local people irritating (令人生气的). They become extremely self-conscious and often end up quite indignant(气恼) about the “rudeness” of the people there, not realizing that the practice may be quite common in the country and may be nothing more than curiosity.
1.Iceberg:{Edward. 7. Hall.--
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.
跨文化交际练习 班别：学号姓名 Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English. 1. On the way home, a student addresses his cousin Li Ming in English: a. “Hello, cousin!” b. “Hello, Li Ming!” 2. In the office of the English Department An English student studying in China is telephoning the secretary of the department. Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Li Ming, please.” Song: a. “I’m Li Ming.” b. “This is me.” c. “Li Ming is speaking.” 3. In the students’ dormitory Andrew: “ Would you like to watch a football match?” Xiao Zhang: a. “I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.” b. “I haven’t finished my homework yet.” c. “ Excuse me, but I’m not free.” 4. At a friend’s home in England. A Chinese student gives a birthday present to her English friend. Mary: “Thank you. It’s beautiful.” Xiao Zhao: a. “Really? Do you like it?” b. “Don’t mention it. It’s only a small thing.” c. “I’m glad you like it.” 5. At a bus stop Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus goes to London Road, please? Woman: Sorry, I’ve no ideas. Man: a. It doesn’t matter. b. Oh. c. Thank you anyway. 6. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda. Joyce: “Do you mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?” Brenda:a. You’re welcome. b. I don’t care. c. I don’t min d. d.No, not at all. 7. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says: a. This way, please. b. Come here! c. Follow me! d. Move on! 8. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr Smith. He went to his place, entered the room and said: a. You’re not busy, I hope. b. Got a minute? c. Can I have a word with, Mr Smith. d. I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr.Smith. 9. You’re v isiting a new British friend. His house is very beautiful. Do you _______ a. tell him how beautiful it is ? b. ask how much it costs? c. ask if he’ll take you round every room? 10. You’ve arranged to meet a friend at 2pm. But you missed the train and you know you’ll be at least two hours late. Do you ________ a. decide not to meet your friend, and phone him the next day? b. phone him, apologize and tell him you’ll be late? c. decide not to phone, and just arrive late? 11. A British friend is having dinner at your house. His plate is empty. You offer him more food and he says no. Do you ___ a. keep offering until he says yes? b. just put the food on his plate without asking again?
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。 Test Paper 1 Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view 3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius,
跨文化交际习题
跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题：（1.0分） 在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧，在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答： B 参考答案： B 2. 单选题：（1.0分）
在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性
D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答： A 参考答案： A 4. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触，因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答： C 参考答案： C
5. 单选题：（1.0分） 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答： D 参考答案： D 6. 单选题：（1.0分） 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见
B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答： A 参考答案： A 7. 单选题：（1.0分） 在印度，进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物，用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物，用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手 解答： D 参考答案： D
跨文化交际复习题： 1、跨文化交流障碍产生的原因有哪些？ 2、试用霍夫斯泰德的文化价值理论来分析中美课堂的主要差异及原因。 3、试分析电视剧《小爸爸》第32集中（法庭审理）体现出的主要中美文化 差异。 4、试简要叙述文化的“洋葱论”和“冰山论”。 5、请简要阐述跨文化敏感度发展模式的6个阶段。 6、非言语交流方式有哪一些？列举几个国家非言语交流方式含义的差异。 7、国际礼仪的基本原则有哪些？ 8、国际惯例、本国礼俗与入乡随俗之间的关系如何处理？请举例说明。 9、什么是着装的ＴＰＯ原则？ 10、简述男士西装与女士套裙的着装规范。 11、见面介绍与行握手礼应遵从什么顺序？ 12、名片的使用有哪些注意事项？ 13、西餐的餐桌礼仪包含哪几个方面？试简述每一方面的主要规范。 案例分析题： 一、请运用非语言沟通的知识来分析以下案例。 【案例1】 Mark因为工作的原因从丹麦搬到悉尼做销售人员。三周后，他被邀请加入一个当地的俱乐部。最初的几周里，他总是要么坐在沙发里听别人聊天，要么站在角落里与人交谈，慢慢地他熟悉了俱乐部里的所有人。一天，在一个晚间聚会上，一位俱乐部女性成员走近他，他们开始很有兴致地谈论晚会的气氛。刚开始，
谈话的气氛很好，可是慢慢地Mark发现，这位女士正在慢慢地后退。她看上去明显很不安。正当Mark想跟她谈论一下澳洲人的风俗时，一位不远处的男士看了那位女士一眼，她如释重负地走过去开始和那位男士聊起来，留下Mark一个人疑惑地站在那里。
二、请用单一制时间观和多元制时间观来分析以下案例： 【案例2】 德国外教Nowak经常去一中国菜摊买菜，因为她的摊子品种多、态度好。这天他挑好了一颗西兰花，正犹豫再买点什么，听到摊主又在招呼其他顾客，他等了一会儿。只见摊主手脚麻利地给其他两个刚来的顾客过称、装袋、收钱。好容易轮到他，摊主一边为他称菜，一边又在试图招呼其他人。Nowak不高兴地说：“我是先来的，你应该先服务好我。”摊主笑着回答：“我看你半天没吱声，以为你还想挑点什么呢。我这不来了吗？！”Nowak回家的路上，一直觉得自己在这里是“老外”，太容易被人欺负了。 三、请用个体主义和集体主义价值观来分析以下案例： 【案例3】 飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁（美国人）与一位被认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈，想听听这位员工对自己今后五年的职业发展规划及期望达到的位置。中国员工并没有正面回答问题，而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展方向、公司的晋升体系，以及目前他本人在组织中的位置等，讲了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总裁有些大惑不解，没等他说完已经有些不耐烦了，因为同样的事情之前已经发生了好几次，“我不过是想知道这为员工对于自己未来五年发展的打算，想要在飞利浦做到什么样的职位罢了，可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢”谈话结束后，副总忍不住向人力资源总监抱怨道，同时受到压力的员工也向总监诉苦，“这位老外怎么这么咄咄逼人？”作为人力资源总监，他明白双方之间不同的文化背景及由此引发的不同的沟通方式引起了隔阂，虽然极力向双方辩解，但要完全消除已经产生的问题却并不容易。 四、自行寻找案例，用中西思维方式的差异分析中西写作表达习惯的差异。
跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题
Test Paper Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the We st adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view 3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes Ⅱ. Choose the best answer: 1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence 2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective inform ation. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, Western C. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature
Part 1 Comprehensive Check （15*2）每课的练习A Part 2 Multiple Choice （25*1）每课的练习E复习题的变体；另外请中看第五章 Part 3 E-C Translation（10*1）每课的练习C Part 4 Term-matching（10*1） Part 5 Multiple function（5*5）其中三道是简答题，两道是案例分析。 Terms/questions: 1. Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Barber system –Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. –Human society has always traded goods across great distances. 3. Global village：real time events 、the time and space compression –All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 4. Melting-pot大熔炉: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. 5. Diversity: refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong. 6. Intercultural communication: refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. Perception 7. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 8. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation 9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. 10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义):the belief that your own cultural background is superior. 11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge. 12. Components of Communication： Source交际邀请 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. Encoding编码 Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Message编码信息 The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object. Channel交际渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
Unit 9 Intercultural Adaptation Some Ideas Related to Culture Shock and Adaptation Strategies 1. Culture Shock What is culture shock Culture shock is a common experience of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. It refers to phenomena ranging from mild irritability to deep psychological panic and crisis. It is associated with feelings in the person of estrangement (being unfriendly or hostile to others; alienation), anger, hostility, indecision, frustration, unhappiness, sadness, loneliness, homesickness, and even physical illness. The person undergoing culture shock views his new world out of resentment, and alternates between being angry at others for not understanding him and being filled with self-pity. Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact. Those cues or sighs include various ways in which we adapt ourselves to the situation of daily life: When to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to buy things, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the
定义题 1. What is “intercultural communication”? P6 refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. There are three kinds of things you need to learn if you want to be able to communicate effectively with Westerners. First, you need to learn a foreign language, usually English. Second, you should learn as much as possible about Western cultures. However, studying English language and Western culture is not enough. You should also learn something about what happens when people from different cultures try to communicate with each other —in other words, "intercultural communication." 2.What is a culture? P13 A culture is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 3.What are stereotypes?P13 Stereotypes means very broad generalizations such as “British people are polite,”“Americans are friendly”, and so forth. It is a derogatory word. It means that image, idea, character that has become fixed or standardized in a conventional form without individuality and is therefore false and shallow. Stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they are too broad and shallow, and they give us the mistaken idea that a people’s culture can be summed up easily in a few short , simple statements. Stereotypes are also dangerous because they may trick us into believing that knowing a few stereotypes is the same thing as understanding another culture. 4.What does “interpretation” means?P24 A very important aspect of intercultural communication is “interpretation”, t he process of deciding what foreigners’ words and actions mean and why they do what they do. For example, when Xiao Li tries to understand why the taxi driver asked for so much money, she is “interpreting” his behavior. 5.I n dividualist p32 Individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give priority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others. 6.Collectivist P32 Collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Most Asian cultures, including China's, tend to be collectivist. People see themselves as parts of one or more collectives; are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives; are willing to give priority to the goals of