高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧
Teaching Design
Date: 2014—11—15
Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in
reading comprehension.
Students: Class 4 Grade 3
Teacher: Lai Ruiwen
一教学分析
1.教学内容简述
该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具
体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，
通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们
熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。
2 教学对象分析
高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道
联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。
因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。
二．教学目标分析
1. Knowledge and skills:
(1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension.
(2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading.
(3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills.
2. Process and methods
(1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视
这一部分内容的学习。
（2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固
技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。
3 Emotional skills
(1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading.
(2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading.
三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties:
Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues.
四Teaching methods:
Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction.
五：Teaching aids:
The multimedia and other normal teaching aids
六: Teaching procedures and ways
Step 1 Lead in
1.Show four passages on the screen and ask Ss to guess the meaning of underlined words in
each passage.
2. Introduce the question patterns in NMET reading comprehension..
(purpose: arouse their learning interests and let them basically know the related information of reading comprehension in NMET )
Step 2 Guessing unknown words or expressions
1 Word formation
(1) show Ss the common suffixes and postfixwes
常见的名词,动词,形容词以及动词后缀,常见前缀及其意义.
(2) Guide them to analyze the word itself by themselves.
Show some practice and analyze the words.
(Purpose: help them summarize the common suffixes and postfixes and develop their ability of analysis)
2.Guess the meaning according to the context clues,
Skills Key words Examples
definition and explanation 定语从句，同位语，词或词组
（is, was, mean, that is(to say),
i.e, in other words, namely ,
to put it in another way,
be considered to be, refer to,
be called, be known as)
It will be very hard but also
very brittle－that is,it will
break easily.
A easily broken
B soft inside
C very hard
D expensive
synonym
or antonym 由and或or，like , similarly, as …as,
the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系；
表转折关系的词常有如but, while,
however, instead of, rather than,
unlike, yet, otherwise, though，
on the contrary等
1.The new tax law supersedes,
or replaces, the law that was in
effect last year.
2. Unlike his brother, who is
truly a handsome man, John is
quite homely.
cause and effect 常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，
thus，as a result，so, so … that, such … that
therefore等)表示前因后果。
1.The river is so turbid that
it is impossible to see the
bottom even when it is
shallow.
……
examples 常用such as, like，for example, for
instance或者标点符号诸如括号、破折号、
冒号等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归
纳出总称词即词义。1. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
3.Today young couples who are just starting their household often spend lots of money on appliances, for instance, washing –machines, fridges and color TVs.
experience 根据上下文的语言环境，根据生活常识和逻
辑推理猜测生词的词义也是一种行之有效
的方法Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
First, give students some examples to practice, and give them some tips, then, encourage them to
summarize the approaches to different items, finally do some practice to consolidate they’ve learnt.(Purpose: get students to grasp the 5 kinds of skills in dealing with unknown word or
phrases in reading comprehension, especially improve their analyzing and reading ability.)
Step 3 summary
Sum up what skills they learnt in this class.
(Purpose: help students know the topic as a whole)
Step 4 consolidation
1.William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a
mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill
together.” The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “______”
．
A. simple
B. mixed
C. sad
D. happy
2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. successful
B. effective
C. useless
D. hurried
3. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an
engineer.
A. work
B. study
C. name
D. interest
4. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that
inside the city.
A. town
B. capital
C. countryside
D. house
5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s,“My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”
The word “
boasting” means _____.
A. 骄傲
B. 吹牛
C. 顽皮
D. 幼稚
1.A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow
tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced.
Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.
The word “
disgrace” means _________ in this text.
A. honor
B. endanger
C. proud
D. shame
2.The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few
members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should
leave the country for ever.
banished” mean_______.
The underlined word “
A. killed by stoning
B. sent away
C. imprisoned
D. punished by whipping
two-way street. I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone
3. But it’s a
to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong
presence in China.(09辽宁)
–way street”？
What does the writer mean by “it’s a two
A. China and India have different traffic rules.
B. Tea trade works wonders in both India and China
C. Chinese products are popular in both China and India
D. The exchanges between India and China benefit both
4. One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat dow What
（10重庆）
does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?
What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean? A．unfriendly．B．untidy．C．gentle．D．kind.
5. I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my
friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, '“I’m having a dinner party' means: "I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat. “Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw
down cash, half of what they owe, and then people li ke me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not
like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go. （2010年辽宁卷B）
60. What does the word "shot" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. choice.
B. try
C. style.
D. goal
6. Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being
forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with
the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we
did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. 2010年山东B篇）
What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption”refer to?
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
D. Having more material than is needed.
（Purpose: Practice makes perfect）
Step 5 Assignments:
1. Go over what we learned in this period.
2. Finish additional exercises
Step 6 Teaching reflections.
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。―猜测词句意义‖题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
高中英语猜词题技巧整 理版 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
1、定义或解释说明1. be called…3. means…4. be defined as… to We can feel acceleration, which is an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. the underlined word acceleration means _______. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. to make something mover faster 2、对比关系 1. but/however/yet/while… 2. otherwise/or/or else… 3. instead of though/as ◎ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. ◎If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. (2008江苏卷，A篇) We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(敌人). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally. 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______. A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you 3、因果关系 since/as/for/due to…therefore/thus/consequently……that/such…that ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. ◎ The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的).
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
Group1 1）They described him as a loon, or a mad man. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 2）It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. 3）In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals : Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker. 4）Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Group2 1）If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent. 2）He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 3）In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. 4）Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. Group3 1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 2）That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 3) Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his w hite sneakers. 4) The vixen was not as fortunate as her mate, and was caught in the trap. Her red fur would bring a good price. One more skill 1) Overwork may cause diseases. 2）There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes. 3）Don't listen to his nonsense. 4）Jason is a language specialist. 1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 2.(2003年全国卷，C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 3.(2006年福建卷，A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
高中英语阅读理解的答题方法和技巧 一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一
高中英语阅读技巧及专题训练（含答案） 一、题型知识 短文的体裁涉及记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等；题材涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、教育、新闻报道、人物故事、科技信息、海外风情等；每段短文后一般设计4 道试题，最多的有5 道题，最少的设计 3 道题。纵观历年高考英语试题，英语阅读理解主要从以下5 个方面来考查考生的英语阅读理解能力： 1. 事实细节题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章事实细节的掌握情况。它又分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中的找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲出答案来。 细节类试题的提问方式很多而且灵活，提问的对象涉及短文中的时间、距离、数量或原因、结果、方式等具体的细节，有的需要先进行计算才能得出答案，有的先要找出文章的相应部分才能得出答案，也有的要把文章中所有的相关细节全部找出来才能得出答案。常用的提问句型有： What does the author say in…? According to the passage, where / when / why / how / who…? What is the reason for…? Which of the following is (NOT) true? Which of the following is (NOT) mentioned? The writer mentioned all of the following EXCEPT… 2. 推理判断题。这类题不仅考查考生对文章中某些句子字面意思的理解，而且还考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解、对事物发展结果的推导。这方面的出题多、难度大，考生可得小心。其提问的常用方式有： What does the author think about…? What can be inferred / concluded from…? What do you think…according to the passage? According to the writer, which of the following is right? 3. 词义猜测题和语义理解题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章中生词的解释意义、代词的指代意义及短语或句子的含义。其常见的提问方式有： What does the writer mean by saying “…”? What does the word / phrase“…”in Paragraph…mean? Which of the following can replace the word / phrase “…”in Paragraph…? From the passage we can infer that the word / phrase “…”is… 4. 主旨大意题。这类题主要考查考生对文章中心思想、段落大意的归纳、总结及概括能力。其提问的方式常有：The title of this passage should be… Which of the following can be the title of this passage? What is the main idea of this passage? What does the writer mainly tell us in this passage? 5. 观点态度题。这类题主要考查考生对作者在文章中所表露出来的观点、感情、态度、目的、意图的理解。考生要能够从文章的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。其提问的常见方式有： What is the opinion of the writer in this passage? What is the writer’s attitude towards…? What does the writer think…? What is the purpose of the writer in this passage? 二、词汇知识 词汇是语言的重要组成部分，是进行阅读的基础。因此，考生首先要掌握必要的英语词汇：新课标对高中毕业的词汇要求是：运用词汇阅读理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；运用词汇描述比较复杂的事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；学会使用3,000 个单词和400～500 个习惯用语和固定搭配。新课标词汇表共收集英语词汇3,300 个，短语360 个。 其次，不仅要熟悉这些单词常见的词性和基本意义，而且还要了解单词的转类及引申意义。如果考生只知道question 和head 分别作名词，基本意思分别是“问题”和“头，脑袋”。那么对句子Father questioned his daughter where she was heading when he saw her 中question 和head 就不能理解，从而造成句子理解错误。 最后，还要了解词缀的意义、认识常见的首字母缩略词。当我们认识like 时，就要知道dislike 和unlike 的词性和意义区别；在认识able 后，也要了解disable 和unable 词性和意义的不同。如果把He is unable to get here today
专题复习： 关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。 常用的问题形式： 1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________． 2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________． 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________． 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？ 6. According to the passage, “…” probably means ______________. 7. The author uses the word “…” to mean __________. 8. The underlined word/phrase/team “…”means ______________. 9. The word “…” in paragraph …refers to __________. 10. What does “…” in the second paragraph stands for? 11. The sentence “…” means _______________. 例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word “ yielded” most probably means__________. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago. In this paragraph the phrase “this wide, confused wilderness” refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂
高中英语阅读技巧 1.理解与速度 要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳，不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性；不要拘泥于一词一句的理解；不要遇到不懂的地方就反复读，影响阅读速度。比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号，继续看下去，因为一些疑难点往往会在下文中得到解决。 关于阅读速度，难度中等的文章应为每分钟60个单词左右；难度较低、生词不超过总词汇量20％的材料，阅读速度应为每分钟70个单词左右。一般来说，“超纲”而又影响阅读理解的词汇都会用中文标出词义。只有保证了阅读的速度才有可能在规定时间内完成阅读、复读及答题的任务。 2. 阅读训练方式 在训练方式方面要力求多样化。常见的阅读训练方式有：掠读、寻读、精读和泛读等。在掠读、寻读时要掌握查阅的技巧。查阅时应迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置，并以这个位置为中心，扩展到上文和下文，寻求正确答案。要学会用扫视的方法寻找信息。扫视时，眼睛要纵向而不是横向移动。运用扫视来扩大视觉范围能帮助考生又快又准确地捕捉到想要查找的信息。 应根据阅读目的选择阅读方式，调整阅读速度，合理分配阅读时间。 3. 生词处理 在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时，考生可以通过上下文猜测词义。具体方法如下： (1) 根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。例如： The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 根据句子后部分began to read可以猜出spectacle的意思为‘“眼镜”。 (2)根据语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。例如： They will be on the night shift---from midnight to 6 a. m. ---next week. 此句两个破折号之间的部分表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。 (3) 根据说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。例如： The type of meter is called multi-meter, which is used to measure electricity. 从上句中的定语从句可以推断出multi-meter是“万能表”的意思。 (4) 根据已知事实细节来猜测生词。例如： The family had just moved and the young woman was feeling a little melancholy on that Sunday in May. After all, it was Mother’s day and 800 miles separated her from her parents in another state far away. 根据上下文的陈述，“刚刚搬家，远离父母，正好是星期天，又是母亲节，而两代人却天各一方”等事实，可以推断出年轻妻子当时忧郁、伤感的心情，并由此猜测出生词melancholy 的意思。 (5) 学会只猜测生词的大概意思，而不必追求其准确含义。例如： The Asian gibbon, like other apes, is especially adapted for life in trees. 在这句话中，考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes (类人猿) 的一种就行了，毋须知道其准确意思。 (6) 运用构词法判断生词的词义，也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的
高中英语阅读理解的训练技巧 要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展. 常见的主题句和主旨型题干: 1) what is the topic sentence of the passage? 2) this article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________. 3) which of the following gives a general idea of the passage? 4) which of the following is the main idea of the passage? 如:joshua bingham studied 4 years at the university of paris and decided to leave his graduation. he transferred to the university of berlin and graduated with honors. harvard law school and, later, boston college provided him with an excellent legal background. he is presently a corporation lawyer in miami, florida. q: what is the main idea of the passage? ____ a. how joshua bingham became a lawyer. b. bingham is a diligent student.c. joshua bingham received an excellent education. d. a good lawyer needs good education. 【解题思路】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了joshua bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是:joshua bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 c。 总之，阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯;如:要用眼光看，不要用手指去点;要默读，不要小声读。二是要积累大量的词汇，把阅读中的高频难词熟记，每次阅读后要整理好生词，然后记住其意思。三是要广泛地做课后阅读，坚持每天读1-2篇文章。四是不要一遇到生词就查字典，要先猜其意义，等做完题目后再查字典，以免影响阅读速度。 一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。(略读) 阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。 I.根据上下文语境进行猜测 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如： 例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business 62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？ A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？ A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. （二）根据定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other
高二英语学案 Date: 2017-5- Learning aims:教学目标 Ss will be able to ?Learn and summarize words guessing strategies ?Understand the importance of words guessing in reading comprehension ?Treat unfamiliar words in a positive way while reading Learning processes and Methods:过程与方法 Warm up→ Strategies learning →Practice→ Summary 话题导入—技巧习得—实操运用—方法小结 Step1 Warm up ?How do you deal with the new words or phrases that you come across while doing reading comprehension? ?近几年高考就词义猜测方面命题规律和趋势 1. 高考中题量相对稳定，一般为1-3小题； 2. 近年来难度略有增加，需在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案； 3. 增加了对短语及句意的猜测。 ?词义猜测题常用的设题方式: 1.The word “…” underlined probably means ___. 2.What does the word “…” refer to? 3.The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______. 4.By saying that“…”, the author means that ___. 5. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by _____. 6. Which of the following can take the place of /stand for the w ord “…”? Step 2 Guessing strategies learning 1. _________________________ Eg:This possibility was unforeseeable, because it almost never happened. un-________ fore__________ see___________ -able 2. _________________________ ①It will be very hard but also very brittle ----that is, it will break easily. ②Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________3. _________________________ ①Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. ②John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. Signal words: _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________ ①Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.②The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的). Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________ Most women in Ghana— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old —— work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mother 6._______________________________ Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________ ①I have found Lucy is quite generous. For example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. ②On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 8._______________________________ ①We should also read the notes on the text at the back of the book. ②He took another look and found it was a 10-pound note. ③We always take notes in class. ④At first I was going to write Kathy a note, but then I decided to call her instead. ⑤Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble hitting the high notes. ⑥Please note that this shop will be closed on Sundays. ⑦He keeps a diary to note what happens to him.