中国地质大学考博经验：曲折的考博英语经历
首先自我介绍一下，本人是军医大学应届硕士毕业，土生土长的，2007年考过一次，那时是基础专业，没上，结果浪费我3年光阴，而且还被分配到一个基层部队，心里超级郁闷，这次2010年卷土重来，也算是破釜沉舟了，但还是没有按计划复习，原因一是家里出了点事，复习时间不够，二是我工作调动出现转机，对考博依赖性小了，下面我谈谈我的经历：2007年，硕士毕业，应该说我的课题很有新意，继续做的话应该可以发一片影响因子5分以上的文章，当时年轻气盛，一心想搞临床，对基础研究的兴趣有点下降了，再加上毕业时间紧，以前师兄师姐们也基本上是不复习英语的，一般也能考个50多分，能上线，因此我也对自己很有信心，因为平时英语还行吧，六级过得还算轻松，所以英语没在意(专业课基本上导师给题，就算不给，几个一般没问题的，所以不讨论)，考试的时候超级郁闷，坐最后一排，录音基本听不到，反正我是没听，提前做词汇去了，听力听完我都已经准备做阅读了，最后听力的答案是抄了旁边一同学的(我估计是抄错答案了，因为他过了，我没过，我觉得阅读有充足的时间做应该不会低分)结果那年英语差3分，国家线是52，超级郁闷，不过当时还想也没什么，分配工作应该不会差吧，结果是大失所望，我所去的大单位是要求下基层，而且是前无古人，后无来者(08年毕业的就没有下基层)，所以在基层部队一直呆到现在，没办法，只能为自己的错误决定买单了，卷土重来医学教，育网|搜集整理。联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八2010年，有了第一次的经验，个人觉得，英语也不是传说中的难，也不是所谓的没有考不上的博士，关键还是要准备。我考虑了以下考试的题型，听力我一向都差，怎么听也提高不了多少，而且好多题应该是可以蒙对的，今年的一篇听力短文有关睡眠与减肥的我就都蒙对了，而且其他的有关数字
的题我也听对了，还有听对了一两道，所以7分稳拿，其他的凭感觉，实在不会的空出来，本来是想都选C的，结果发现已经选了好多的C了，所以就全选B了。也蒙对了几道，与我的目标英语听力12分差不多了。词汇我是很喜欢考的，因为我一向都很注重词汇，4-6级，考研我都很重视，这次也完完整整背了一遍，因为我觉得这个对于提高分数4-5分还是很有帮助的，而有时可能就差那么两三分，所以这次词汇我应该可以拿9分，完形填空拿7-8分，差不多了，今年的阅读都能懂，这也是大家的感觉，但是做不对，我估计也就拿了16-18分，还行，毕竟我时间够了，感觉应该也是背词汇的缘故，没有卡太多时间，做完后心里很镇静。觉得这次应该有把握了。然后就是写作文，考虑到之前有汶川地震，我想会不会考心理方面的作文，因此重点记忆了心理有关单词，结果还真考了药物心里学，作文我还是有一点功底的，所以不慌不忙的写，打草稿，结果坏就坏在这了，把时间搞错了，我以为是11：40交卷，结果是11：30，作文没抄完，还是拖了监考老师两分钟，而且是很急呀，很紧张，涂了很多，写了150字左右，最后的一段就写了1句话，所以很郁闷，觉得能打8分就不错了英语成绩出来了，54分，还是有希望的，如果作文不这样的话拿个55分56分是绝对有可能的，那样就稳固了，所以告诫大家，英语词汇很重要，作文多练习，听力可以有技巧地“蒙”，阅读提高的可能性不大。
“老板”说让我明天面试把表格填了就可以了，他说面试就是跟我聊聊天就行了，他就我一个人上线，给我的指标还是计划内的公费，运气还是不错的。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
2018年地大（北京）英语考博翻译试题 Social impacts of technology Although affordances and constraints of technological products are not objective features of them, they can be correlated with objective material features in them. For example, the physical constitution of speed bumps physically prevents cars from speeding without damage to the car or major inconvenience. The physical procedure of fertilization in IVF affords pregnancies without prior physical intercourse. In a particular context of use, these physical features translate into new social realities (new behaviors, new social arrangements, new perceptions and beliefs) that can be identified as impacts of a technological product. Social impacts of technology can be identified at different levels of social analysis, including the micro-level of individuals and their interactions, the meso-level of groups and organizations and their interactions, and the macro-level of social structures, cultural systems and social institutions and their dynamics. For the study of the role of technology in a good society, which is an issue that plays out at the macro-level, macro-level impacts of technology are obviously the most important to consider. However, micro- and meso-level impacts may also need to be considered in order to properly identify and understand macro-level impacts. At the micro-level, technological products may influence their immediate context of use in at least three ways. First, they may affect the behavior of users and the social roles and relations that users build in relation to others. For example, the possession of an automobile may influence where people live and what places they visit, and may also signal social status and identity. Second, technological products will not fit every user profile equally well, meaning that some users will not be able to use them well, or not at all, because they lack the required physical characteristics, knowledge, skills, interests, or access to resources. As a consequence, the introduction of a new technological product will affect potential users in different ways, benefiting some while excluding or marginalizing others. Third, technological products often require the presence of material and social contextual background conditions for them to function well. For example, for automobiles to function well as vehicles for transportation, there must be material and social infrastructure present, such as roads, traffic lights, police, ambulance services, and so forth. The introduction of new technological products will therefore often stimulate the creation of appropriate background conditions for them to function well. This is also a way in which technological products have social impacts. These three types of affordances and constraints, concerning influence on behavior and social roles, selection of user profiles, and selection of material and social background conditions, also play out at the meso-level of groups and organizations.
中国地质大学考博英语真题部分解析 34.A解析：例证题。题目“Toyota Motor是一个_______的例子”。定位到末段，末段主要提到热情的消费者可能会号召其他人抵制某个产品，威胁到产品所属公司的名声，这时公司的回应有可能不够迅速、周到。这是本段的核心信息。接下来就拿Toyota Motor举例，举例中提到这个公司在公司名声遇到如上提到的危机情况时作出的反应，且成功减轻了危害程度。由此可知，例子是对本段中心句的一个反面例子论证公司对hijacked media 的反应。故选项[A](有效地回应被劫持利用的媒体)为正确答案。 干扰项：[B]persuading customers into boycotting products(劝说消费者抵制产品)，文中末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些产品，故为张冠李戴。[C]cooperating with supportive consumers(与支持自己的消费者合作)，在例子中提到Toyota Motor公司缓解危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通，这首先属于例子内的信息，不符合例证题的解题思路，其次沟通交流不等于合作，故排除。[D]taking advantage of hijacked media(利用被劫持的媒体)，文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害，而非去利用被劫持的媒体，故排除。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 35.A解析：主旨题。题目“这篇文化在那个主要讲述的是______”。本文首段第三句就提出文章中心“companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media”，即虽然传统收费媒体仍在发挥重大作用，但是现今的公司可以去选择其他媒体形式。后文主要是介绍其他可选择的媒体形式，并对其作出评论。故选项[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media(与传统收费媒体对应的其他媒体形式)为正确答案。 干扰项：[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media(被劫持媒体和免费媒体之间的冲突)[C]Dominance of hijacked media(被劫持媒
考博英语语法总结 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged：being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful：feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred ：Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential：Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving：She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable： a sweet lovable child Lovely：We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated：While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导
师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
C H I N A U N I V E R S I T Y O F G E O S C I E N C E S PhD Entrance Examination in English 21April 2003 LISTEN TO THIS! Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course. The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each. The answers for parts 1,2,3 and 5 (in other words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper. Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test! The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can. We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!
北京科技大学考博英语必备语法知识点英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些(如下文中 的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12)等，见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在 于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的 英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下： 倍数增加 (一)A is n times as great(long，much，…)as B.(①). A is n times greater(longer，more，…)than B.(②). A is n times the size(length，amount，…)of B.(③). 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度，数量，……)是B的n倍[或A比B 大(长，多，……)n-1倍]. Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than， threetimes the length of)that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than(as，of)B常被省去。 (二)increase to n times(④). increase n times/n-fold(⑤). increase by n times(⑥). increase by a factor of n(⑦). 以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍(或：增加n-1倍)。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（7） 虚拟语气归纳和练习 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转
中国地质大学考博经验：曲折的考博英语经历 首先自我介绍一下，本人是军医大学应届硕士毕业，土生土长的，2007年考过一次，那时是基础专业，没上，结果浪费我3年光阴，而且还被分配到一个基层部队，心里超级郁闷，这次2010年卷土重来，也算是破釜沉舟了，但还是没有按计划复习，原因一是家里出了点事，复习时间不够，二是我工作调动出现转机，对考博依赖性小了，下面我谈谈我的经历：2007年，硕士毕业，应该说我的课题很有新意，继续做的话应该可以发一片影响因子5分以上的文章，当时年轻气盛，一心想搞临床，对基础研究的兴趣有点下降了，再加上毕业时间紧，以前师兄师姐们也基本上是不复习英语的，一般也能考个50多分，能上线，因此我也对自己很有信心，因为平时英语还行吧，六级过得还算轻松，所以英语没在意(专业课基本上导师给题，就算不给，几个一般没问题的，所以不讨论)，考试的时候超级郁闷，坐最后一排，录音基本听不到，反正我是没听，提前做词汇去了，听力听完我都已经准备做阅读了，最后听力的答案是抄了旁边一同学的(我估计是抄错答案了，因为他过了，我没过，我觉得阅读有充足的时间做应该不会低分)结果那年英语差3分，国家线是52，超级郁闷，不过当时还想也没什么，分配工作应该不会差吧，结果是大失所望，我所去的大单位是要求下基层，而且是前无古人，后无来者(08年毕业的就没有下基层)，所以在基层部队一直呆到现在，没办法，只能为自己的错误决定买单了，卷土重来医学教，育网|搜集整理。联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八2010年，有了第一次的经验，个人觉得，英语也不是传说中的难，也不是所谓的没有考不上的博士，关键还是要准备。我考虑了以下考试的题型，听力我一向都差，怎么听也提高不了多少，而且好多题应该是可以蒙对的，今年的一篇听力短文有关睡眠与减肥的我就都蒙对了，而且其他的有关数字
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3） 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged: being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful: feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable: a sweet lovable child Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 虚拟语气 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
中国地质大学（北京)考博英语答题技巧与方法 一 主旨题： 主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。如果放在第一个，则看完全文再做。 主旨题一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。应注意看文章的第一段和每段首句进行总结。 正确解的特征：含有文章所涉及的中心词，简明扼要但概括全面。 切记： (1)只反映文章某一细节或某一段落的选项一定不是解(2)如果文章用了大量的篇幅阐述一个问题或说明一个事物，只在最后用少量的文字提及了一些与前面所论相反的内容或其他与前面所论关系不很紧密的内容，文章的主旨不受后面的影响。能概括文章主要阐述内容的为解。 二 态度题： 态度题 一般考作者的态度，有时也考文中某人的态度。态度题最重要的是“看清楚是谁对谁的态度、谁对什么的态度”。 作者的态度一般会孕于文章的行文之中，一些形容词、副词都能表现作者的态度。 eg：seem 常表示作者对所论问题的否定、批评态度。 only也常表示否定态度。 双重否定表示作者的强烈肯定或强烈否定，所以，此时作者的态度便不太可能是objective(客观的)了，一般多掺进了作者自己的感情好恶。 有时作者也不直接表明态度，会通过举例或引用他人的话来说明自己的态度。此时应注意：所引、举的例子与作者所论述的观点是否一致，可借此来判断作者自己的态度。 注：(1)当问作者其所论内容的态度时，如当备选答案中有indifferent(漠不关心的)时，可首先排除，因为如果作者是漠不关心的话，就不会写文章论述了。 (2)一些表态度的词汇 subjective 主观的objective 客观的 positive 肯定的 negative 否定的 optimistic 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的 biased 有偏见的partial 片面的、偏见的 impartial 公平的、无偏见的 puzzling 困惑的relevant 适当的、中肯的 apprecial 欣赏的indignant 愤怒的 supportive 支持的 apprehensive 担忧的 三 例证题： 例证题考察的是文章的逻辑结构。这样的文章结构一般是“先举例后论点”或“先论点后举例” （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537)切记：遇到问“作者举xx例子的目的”时，有关例子本身的选项一定不是解。 正确解的特征：跳出例子本身，从宏观上概括，全面而合情合理。 但有的时候会专门考所引的话的意思，这样的题就属于例子本身题，可具体问题具体分析。 四 引证题： 引证题是指对关于于文章中作者引用别人的话或是名言，或是他人的观点等等而设置的问
2003年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part I Reading Comprehension（30%） Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs program, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry（采石场）and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied,