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指示代词

指示代词
指示代词

第四讲:指示代词

一.指示代词:是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。

二.this和these指说话人较近的人或物,that和those指说话人较远的人或物。

三.this和that指单数,these和those指复数.

例题:

那只狗 that dog 这个苹果 this apple

这些学生 these students 那些尺子 those rulers

四.指示代词和定冠词the不可同时使用。

This book is new. ( √ )

The book is new. ( √ )

This the book is new. ( × )

五. 指示代词由单数句变成复数句:

单数复数

指示代词 this hese that those 人称代词 I we

you you

he/she/it they be动词 am/is are

句型转换:

1. What is this? (复数) What are these?

2. That is a pen. ( 复数) Those are pens.

注意:单数句子转变为复数句子,指示代词,人称代词,系动词,可数名词都要变化为复数形式。

六.指示代词的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句及回答:

Is this/that a/an....? Yes,it is./No, it isn't. Are these/those....? Yes, they are./No, they aren't.

What is this/that? It is a/an.....

What are these/those? They are....

指示代词练习题:

一、填空。

1. I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(这些)

2. I don't like ____ shoes. ____shoes are too small.(那些)

3. I want _____(这个) sweater. I don't want________(那个)sweater._____ (那个)is too big.

二、英汉互译。

1. 这支钢笔

2. 那些英语书

3. these erasers

4. that car

5. 那棵树

6.those tigers

三、句型转换。

1. This is a book .(变成复数形式)

2. What are these? (用monkey作答)

3. Is that an egg? (作肯定和否定回答)

4. What are those? (变单数形式)

5. Are these pandas? (作否定回答)

6. Is that a bus? (变复数形式)

7. What is this? (用apple作答)

8. Are those knives? (变成肯定句)

9. Are these flowers .(作肯定和否定回答)

10. What is this? (变复数形式)

课外作业:

一.翻译下列词组。

1. 这个男孩

2.那位老师

3. 这些猫

4.那些狮子

5.那个蓝书包

6.这些山羊

二. 将下列句子变成单数或复数。

1. Are those red skirts?

2. This is an orange.

3. What are these?

4. These are soccers.

5. Is that a watch?

6. What is that?

三.句型转换。

1.Is this her bike? (作肯定和否定回答)

2.What're those? (用map作答)

3.These are photos.(变一般疑问句并作否定回答)

4.What's this? (用cap作回答)

5.Are these shelves? (作肯定和否定回答)

第五讲:人称代词、物主代词

一. 人称代词:表示人的关系的代词。英语的人称代词,有三种不同的人称形式:第一人称指说话人自己;第二人称指说话的对象;第三人称指说话人谈论的对象。三种人称又各有单、复数形式,

物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。物主代词有人称和数的变化。

二. 人称代词、物主代词变化形式表

人称代词主格 I you he she it we you they

人称代词宾格 me you him her it us you them

形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

三.人称代词的主格和宾格的区别;

人称代词的主格通常放在动词的前面作句子的主语;

人称代词的宾格通常放在动词或介词的后面作句子的宾语。

1)I am not good at English.Can you help me?

2)He is so kind that we all like him.

四.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别:

形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征:“……的”。放在名词之前。

名词性物主代词具有名词的特征:“……的什么”。相当于形容词性物主代词加上名词。

1)This is my bag,and that is yours.

2)Their school is much bigger than ours.

五.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词是可以互换的。

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

1)This is her desk.=This desk is hers.

2) Are those shoes yours? =Are those your shoes?

练习题:

一.选择正确的代词

1.This is(my / I)mother.

2. Nice to meet (your / you).

3. (He / His)name is Mark.

4. What’s(she / her)name?

5. Excuse(me / my / I).

6. Are(your / you)Miss Li?

7. (I / My)am Ben.

8. (She / Her)is my sister.

9. Fine , thank (your / you).

10. How old is (he / his).

二. 将下列句子变成同义句。

1.This is my T-shirt.

2.Are those erasers theirs?

3.These are his pants.

4.Is this your pencil?

5.That cup is hers.

三.用适当的人称代词填空:

1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she )

2. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its )

3. What day is __________ today? — __________ is Thursday. (its)

4. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I )

5. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.( them )

6. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them )

7. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with

____ and helps ____ with______ lessons. ( she )

8. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at Engliush . ( his )

9. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she )

10. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its )

四.三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空

1. Your football clothes are on the desk.

Please put _________(they,them,their,theirs) away.

2. (We,Us,Our,Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.

We all like _________(she,her,hers).

3. (I,Me,My,Mine)_________ can’t get my kite.

Could you help _________(I,me,my,mine)?

4. Tom can’t get down from the tree.

Can you help _________(he,him,his)?

5. We can’t find our bikes.

Can you help _________(we,us,our,ours)?

6. These are _________(he,him,his) planes.

The white ones are _________(I,me,mine).

课外作业:

一. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词

1. This isn’t________knife. _________ is green. ( she )

2. These are your books,Kate. Put __________ in the desk,please. (they )

3. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you )

4. Wei Fang,is that ________ ruler? Yes,it’s.( you )

5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one,please. ( they)

6. It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give it to __________. ( he )

7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No,___________ is very new. ( he )

8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it )

Don’t worry,Let __________( I ) help __________. ( you)

9. _____ is a boy _____ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like _____ very much. ( he )

10. My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher. ( she )

11. Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse. ( she )

12. We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big. ( we)

13. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy ( them)

14. You are a pupil. Is _____ brother a pupil, too? ( you )

二.用括号中的适当形式填空

1.Are these ________(you)pencils?

Yes, they are ________(our).

2.—Whose is this pencil?

—It’s ________(I).

3.I love ________(they)very much.

4.She is________(I)classmate.

5.Miss Li often looks after________(she)brother.

6.—Are these ________(they)bags ?

—No, they aren’t ________(their). They are ________(we).

三. 翻译句子

1. _____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。

2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。

3. Who is there? It’s _____. 是谁啊?是我。

4. Come with _____. 跟我来。

5. ______ classroom is bigger than _____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。

6. ______ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。

7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。

8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。

9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。

10.Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

11.This is _____ father. 这是我的爸爸。

12.Is that bike ______? Yes, it’s ______. 那辆自行车是你的吗?是,它是我的。

13. _____ like ______ car. 我喜欢他们的小汽车。

14. Our school is here, and _______ is there. 我们的学校在这儿,他

们的在那儿。

15. Whose bike is this? It’s ______ (= _____ ______). 这是谁的自

行车?是她的。

16. Is that car ______? Yes, it’s ______. 那辆车是你的吗?是的,它

是我的。

第六讲一般过去时

一.一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,习惯或存在的状态,常和表示

过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night,in 1990,2 days ago,since 1999等。

二.动词过去式的规则变化:

1.直接加“ed”:work—— worked look——looked ,

2.以不发音的字母“e”结尾的单词,直接加“d”:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,

3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加“ed”:study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried,

4. 以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加“ed”:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played

5. 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned

不规则变化的动词过去式:

have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went drink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ---- taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep——slept become----became

三.一般过去时的句型结构:

肯定形式:主语+动词过去式+时间状语

例句:She moved to Shanghai last month.

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时动词为原型.

例句:Li Ming didn’t visit his uncle last Sunday.

She wasn’t at home yesterday.

一般疑问句:①Did+主语+do+其他?②Was\Were+主语+表语?主语I,we变you

例句 1)Mr Yang bought a bike for his son.

Did Mr Yang buy a bike for his son? Yes,he did./ No,he didn’

t.

2)We were happy last night.

Were you happy last night? Yes, we were./ No, we weren’t

一般过去时练习题:

一.写出下列动词的过去式。

go enjoy buy eat get walk take dance run swim find begin play study am have hope stop are 二.句型转换

1. The children had a good time in the park.

否定句:____________________________________

一般疑问句:____________________________________

肯定/否定回答:____________________________________

2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.

否定句:__________________________________________

一般疑问句:________________________________________

肯定/否定回答:____________________________________

3. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.

否定句:__________________________________________

一般疑问句:_____________________________________

肯定/否定回答:____________________________________

4. I read an English book last week.

否定句:__________________________________________

一般疑问句:________________________________________

肯定/否定回答:____________________________________

5. My brother was in the park just now.

否定句:__________________________________________

一般疑问句:________________________________________

肯定/否定回答:___________________________________

6.Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)

Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.

7.He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)

___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?

8.She stayed there __for a time___.(对划线部分提问)

__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?

9.There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)

_________ there ___________ orange in the cup?

10.I am a teacher.

一般过去时:________________________________________ three years ago.

否定句:________________________________________

一般疑问句:________________________________________

肯定/否定回答:________________________________________

三.用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.

2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.

So he ______ (get) up late.

3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.

4. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.

5. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.

6. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)

7. -When _______ you _________ (come) to china? -Last year.

8. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

9. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

10.There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but

I _________ (have) no time to watch .

四、改错题(请改正每个句子中的一个错误)

1.How is Jane yesterday? _________________________________________ 2.He go to school by bus last week. ________________________________ 3.He goes home at 6:00 last month. ________________________________ 4.I can fly kites seven years ago. ___________________________________

5.Did you saw him just now. _______________________________________ 6.Tom wasn't watch TV last night. ________________________________ 7.I did not my homework yesterday. _______________________________ 8.He wait for you three hours ago. _________________________________ 9.Who find it just now? ____________________________________________

课外作业:

一.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festiva l?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ____ __.

8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last mornin g?

She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday

10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.

11. He _________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.

12. 12. Helen _________ (milk) a cow on Friday.

13. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yest erday. (read)

14. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)

15. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.

16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _ ________.

17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.

18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday.

19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.

20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.

21. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

22. What _________ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.

24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)

25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (w ater)

26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dan ces.

27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.

二.中译英

1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。

2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。

3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。

4.. 格林先生去年住在中国。

5. 昨天我们参观了农场。

6. 他刚才在找他的手机。

7. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.

8. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。

Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book l ast night.

9. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。

Emma __________ TV every day. But he _________ ___________ yester

day.

10. 上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。

What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?

They _________homework and _________ __________.

高考英语语法专题复习--代词

高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点: 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格,如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等): 人称代词的用法: 注:(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时,用主格: ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格: “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个?”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化: I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I; 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即 we, you and they:You, he and I are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前: Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是,you and I 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语: These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,作定语;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语:His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔,我的在铅笔盒里。 注:(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语: Mind your own business. 别管闲事。

代词讲解

希望教育中心 知识点:代词 本章节主要包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词的用法、普通不定代词及复合不定代词和代词it的用法。 一人称代词 1.人称代词的主格、宾格,列表如下: 单数复数 一二三一二三 主格I you she/ he/ it we you they 宾格me you her/ him/ it us you them 2.人称代词的用法 (1)人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。例如: She is a good student. 她是一个好学生。 (2)人称词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。例如: I don't know her. 我不认识她。宾语 His mother is waiting for him outside. 他妈妈在外面等他。宾语 That's her. 那是她。表语 3.人称代词的语序 几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是: 单数形式:you he and I 复数形式:we you and they 二物主代词 1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,列表如下: 单数复数 一二三一二三 我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的 物主词性my your his/ her/ its our your their 名词性mine yours his/ hers/ its ours yours theirs 2.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。例如: His parents are both office workers. 他的父母都是工人。 3.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已经提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。例如:My idea is quite different from hers. 我的主意和她的不一样。 4.名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。例如: He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 三反身代词 1.反身代词的单复数形式,列表如下: 单数复数 第一人称myself ourselves 第二人称yourself yourselves 第三人称himself/ herself/ itself themselves 2.反身代词用法: I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party. 做宾语

指示代词的用法讲解

1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如: 单数复数 限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are myteachers. 代词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers. 2)指示代词的句法功能; a. 作主语 This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 b. 作宾语 I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。 c. 作主语补语 My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。 d. 作介词宾语 I don’t say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 说明1: 指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如: (对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)

(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this 作限定词) (错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人) (对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语) 说明2: That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较: (对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 (对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人) (错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人) (对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those 指人) (对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

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人称代词与指示代词

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指示代词语法

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【语法专项练习】代词专项练习

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初中语法大全讲解--指示代词

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指示代词词专项练习图文稿

指示代词词专项练习 集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-19882)

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法语语法指示代词

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初中英语语法专项代词练习(含答案)

代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 (1)按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I(宾格)________ 2、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 3、us(主格)________ 4、they(宾格)________ 5、she(宾格)________ 6、you(名词性物主代词)________ 7、it(宾格)________ 8、my(复数)________ 9、him(复数)________ 10、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 11、we(单数)________ 12、they(名词性物主代词)________ 13、I(反身代词)________ 14、you(反身代词)________ 15、she(反身代词)________ 16、he(反身代词)________ 17、it(反身代词)________ 18、I(反身代词)________ (2)选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is(my / I)mother. 2. Nice to meet (your / you). 3.(He / His)name is Mark. 4. What’s(she / her)name? 5. Excuse(me / my / I). 6. Are(your / you)Miss Li? 7.(I/ My)am Ben. 8.(She / Her)is my sister. 9. Fine , thank(your / you). 10. How old is (he / his)? (3)用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. (4)填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊?是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。 (5)用物指代词填空 1. I own(拥有)that cat; that cat is ____ . 2. You own that cat: that cat is ____ .

代词的用法(一)-----人称物主指示代词

人称代词和物主代词 分类: 英语中代词主要分为人称代词和物主代词.具体形式如下表所示: 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数复数单数复数单数复数 人称代词主格I we you you he she it they 宾格me us you you him her it them 物主代词形容词 性 my our your your his her its their 名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 一. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I’m a nurse. b.Could you help me ? c.Mum often takes us to the park on Sunday. d.It’s a cat. We call it “ Mimi.” e.Who knows him ? f.They are going to the cinema with her. 人称代词还可以做表语。做表语时用宾格。例如: —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. 人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。例如:He is older than me. He is older than I am. (特别提示):并列人称代词的排列顺序 1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称-------第三人称--------第一人称 you ------- he/she/it -------- I eg: You,he and I should return on time. 2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为: 第一人称------- 第二人称-------第三人称 We------you---------They 二. 物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词. 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用,后面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) c. whose book is that ? It’s hers. (=her book) d. Their classroom is on the second floor. Ours is on the third floor.(=our classroom) e. Her bike is black. His is grey. Mine is blue.(=his bike, my bike) g.Those aren’t our books. Ours are on the floor. Those books are their.(=our /their books ) *人称代词划线,常用who (宾格可用whom)提问.物主代词划线常用whose提问。 三.指示代词: this 这个, that 那个these这些those那些 1.This 和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的人或事物。 This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are very busy these days. 2.有时that和those指前面提到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。例如: I have a cold, that’s why I didn’t come. What I want to say is this:: pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3.This在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。例如: Hello, this is marry. Is that Jack speaking?

常用虚词汇总

常用虚词汇总 文言虚词 在初中阶段,对古汉语中的20多个文言虚词要加以了解,要重点掌握“之、其、者、而、则、乃、且、然、以、于、为、也、乎、夫、焉、宁、去”这17个文言虚词的意义和用法。要结合具体的语境来理解其作用和意义,还应与现代汉语做比较,明确哪些作用保留下来了,哪些虚词的意义和用法发生了变化;在解释时,应准确地运用现代汉语中与之相当的字词来替代,借助归类进行比较,掌握各个虚词的用法和意义。 之 一、代词 1、人称代词,译作“他”、“她”、“他们” ①公与之.乘,战于长勺。(《曹刿论战》) ②陈胜佐之.,并杀两尉。(《陈涉世家》) ③孔文子何以谓之.“文”也?(《<论语>十则》) ④桓侯故使之问之.。(《扁鹊见蔡醒公》) 2、指示代词,指代事物,译作“它”、“它们”或直译事物名称。 ①学而时之.,不亦说乎?(《<论语>十则》) ②屠自后断其股,亦毙之.。(《狼》) ③子曰:默而识之.,学而不厌,诲人不倦。 (《<论语>十则》) ④鬼问:“汝复谁?”定伯诳之.。(《宋定伯捉鬼》) ⑤复投之.,后狼止而前狼又至。(《狼》) 二、动词:去、到、往 ①吾欲之.南海②辍耕之.垄上 三、助词: 1、结构助词,译作“的” ①君之.病在肠胃,不治将益深。(《扁鹊见蔡桓公》) ②以君之.力,曾不能损魁父之丘。(《愚公移山》) ③予尝求古仁人之.心。(《岳阳楼记》) 2、结构语气助词,放在主谓之间,取消句子独立性。 ①医之好治不病以为功。(《扁鹊见蔡桓公》) ②在骨髓,司命之.所属,无奈何也!(《扁鹊见蔡桓 公》) ③虽我之.死,有子存焉。(《愚公移山》) ④日月之.行,若出其中。(《观沧海》) 3、语气助词,凑足音节。 ①公将鼓之.。(《曹刿论战》) ②久之.,目似暝,意暇甚。(《狼》) ③怅恨久之.。(《陈涉世家》) ④为之,则难者亦易矣。 4、结构助词,提前宾语的标志。 ①菊之.爱,陶后鲜有闻。(《爱莲说》) ②何陋之.有?(《陋室铭》) ③宋何罪之.有?(《墨子.公输》) 四、介词:在如:悬挂之.四壁(《观巴黎油画集》)其 1、代词,代人、代事、代物,“他”“他们”“他们的”“那个”“其他” (1)百姓多闻其贤,未知其.死也。《陈涉起义》 (2)必先苦其.心志,用手拂之,其所自落。《活板》 2、语气词,表示测度,劝勉,有时加强反问。 (1)其.如土石何?(加强反问)《愚公移山》 (2)当时建此亭者其.仙乎(大概)《峡江寺飞泉亭记》 2、副词:“难道” (1)其.(难道)真无马邪?其真不知马也 者 一、代词 1、一般附着在动词、形容词、数量词或动宾词组的后面,相当于“......的”或“......的人(......的东西、......的事情、......的地方)。” 例:①近塞上之人,有善术者.。(者:指人)②其他祖父积、子孙弃者.无论焉。(者:指事。) 2、与“若”之类字组成某种词组,或单用,表示比拟,相当于“......的样子”、“......似的”。例:①然往来视之,觉无异能者.。②言之,貌若甚戚者.。 3、放在主语之后,表示提顿或判断。 例:①北山愚公者.,年且九十。《愚公移山》 ②陈胜者.,阳城人也。 ③廉颇者.,赵之良将也。 ④师者.,所以传道受业解惑也。 ⑤屈原者.,名平,楚之同姓也。 二、语气助词 1、放在主语之后,引出原因。 例:①不以木为之者.,文理有疏密。 ②然操遂能克绍,以弱为强者.,非惟天时,抑亦人 谋也。 ③而安以五十里之地存者.,徒以有先生在也。 ④吾妻之美我者.,私我也。

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