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山西大学商务学院外语系
学年论文
论文题目浅析中西方婚礼文化差异
专业年级英语（商务英语方向）
姓名_______任思楠_________________
学号_______2012201120_____________
指导教师_______郝晓瑞_________________
日期 2015年6月
Analysis on the Differences in Wedding Culture between China
and Western Countries
By
Ren Sinan
Business College of Shanxi University
June, 2015
Contents
Abstract (i)
摘要 (ii)
1. Introduction (1)
2. Literature review (2)
3. Different wedding cultures between China and Western countries (3)
3.1 Differences in wedding ceremony (3)
3.2 Differences in wedding dress and color tone (4)
3.3 Differences in wedding customs (5)
3.3.1 Differences in wedding banquet (5)
3.3.2 Differences in taboo wedding date (5)
3.3.3 Differences in wedding venues (6)
4. Causes of different Chinese and Western wedding customs (6)
4.1 Historic culture (6)
4.2 Religious belief (7)
4.3 Family Education (7)
4.4 Values (8)
5. Integration and development trend of China and Western wedding customs . 8
5.1 The integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs (8)
5.2 The reasons about integration between Chinese and Western wedding
customs (9)
5.3 Development trend of Chinese and Western wedding customs (9)
5.4 Chinese and Western wedding custom and intercultural communication 10
6. Conclusion (11)
References (12)
Abstract
A wedding is a turning point in a person's life, but also an integral part of the culture, which plays an important role in economic globalization and the development of cultural diversity. Today, under the influence of different cultures, China and Western countries are gradually showing different wedding customs, this paper aims to explore the differences about wedding ceremony, the dress, wedding customs and so on between China and Western countries, and then analyze reasons from these four aspects: historic culture, religious belief, family education, values. etc. So we can promote the integration and exchange of China and Western countries, explore the development trend of cultural common ground.
Key Words : different wedding culture ; reasons ; cultural exchange
摘要
婚礼是一个人一生中的转折点，也是一种文化的有机组成部分，它在经济全球化与文化多元化发展中起着重要作用。如今，在不同文化熏陶下各国也逐渐的呈现出了不同的婚俗习惯，本文旨在对中西方婚礼的仪式、着装、婚俗的差异进行比较，进而从历史文化、宗教信仰等方面分析产生这些差异的原因，加大中西方不同文化交流与融合，探讨文化求同存异的发展趋势。
关键词 :不同的婚礼文化；原因；文化交流
Analysis on the Differences in Wedding Culture between
China and Western Countries
Name:Ren Sinan Tutor: Hao Xiaorui
1. Introduction
For any country, wedding culture is one of the important reflections of social culture. Wedding is one of the great important events in people’s life be cause of its special significance. It means a renewed life of a person. As China is becoming more and more advanced these years, the connection between China and Western countries becomes closer and closer. In order to get a better understanding of each other, there are a lot of people take exploration and analysis. All of them have made the important significance and influence, and have made a lot of achievements. This thesis aims to study Chinese and western different wedding custom to understand its related culture and history, promote the Chinese and western cultural exchange. Here the author first analyzes the origin of Chinese and western wedding culture. Second, the author has a detail discussion on its differences: The difference in wedding contractor, wedding location, wedding dress, and wedding processes. Then, the author analyzes the reasons which cause the differences between Chinese and Western wedding culture, and talks about the measures of promoting cultural exchange and integration
Wedding, is a warm word, it opens the door to happy marriage for lovers , hold hands and grow old stories to be written from now. With the wedding is all sorts of wedding customs, which is due to different cultural backgrounds . Now, let's explore the differences in China and Western countries.
2. Literature review
Considering the important role marriage plays for individuals, families and societies, numerous scholars and academicians have conducted researches on wedding from different perspectives. In general, researches on wedding can be divided into three categories. The first is the research on Chinese wedding, including the history of Chinese wedding, Chinese wedding customs of a certain place or of a certain period, the innovation and development of Chinese wedding customs. To name a few,Guo Xingwen published a book named The History of Chinese Marriage in 1994. In 2007, Wang Junyun wrote a book about marriage customs of each province in China. Yue Shuming(2009) gave an analysis of the inheritance and changes from traditional wedding customs to modern marriage customs. The second is the research on Western wedding. For instance, Liang Minyi(2009) explained the Western wedding customs in his paper published in Popular Culture and Arts. The third is the research on the comparison of Chinese and Western wedding and wedding customs. In 2008,Xi Xiao published a thesis named Comparison of Traditional Chinese and Western wedding Customs. In the same year, Xia Qiaohua analyzed the difference between Chinese and Western culture by the comparison of Chinese and Western marriage culture.
It is obvious that my thesis belongs to the third category, which is rarely discussed in previous researches compared to the first and second categories. The innovation of my research lies in that my research combines wedding customs with culture. The thesis is not the simple description of Chinese and Western wedding customs. Instead, it is a exploration of the underlying reasons, including the influence of cultural factors. Thus, the research is insightful and meaningful. Besides, my research on the difference on Chinese and Western wedding customs has great significance on the development of mixed marriage and cross-cultural communication under the circumstance of economic globalization and regional integration.
3. Different wedding cultures between China and Western countries
3.1 Differences in wedding ceremony
“Three letters and six rites ”and “three k owtows and nine prostrations ” are the basic etiquette of Chinese traditional Marriage. "three letters" is married instruments used in the process ,can be said to be valid when the ancient written records to protect marriage. "Six rites" is the process of six wedding etiquette: Nacai, name-inquiry, Naji, is satisfied that sign, please period and pro-Ying."Three kowtows and nine prostrations" means that, first，the groom pick bride home and then start weddings ceremony: one preparing for the wedding, two prayer Diocese, husband and wife worship. So far, three worship is completed, imply they have received benediction from heaven and earth, ancestors and their parents, officially became husband and wife. Finally the couple into the bridal chamber, which is the climax of the wedding, the bride first to go and waiting for groom，After the guests are treated well，groom comes to the bridal chamber surrounded by a lot of people. Then the bride and groom do all sorts of interesting games with heckle from crowd. There are some wedding etiquette column, for example lift hijab, drink wedlock. In order to increase the festive atmosphere, the whole wedding process is carried out at the sound of firecrackers and joyful sound of music.
In the West, people pursuit for the sacred and simple wedding,so the wedding is usually held in a quiet, peaceful church.Under the auspices of the priest, the couple get God's approval and blessing. First, the bride holding his father's hand in lead of the flower girl, along with the rhythm of the wedding march into the church, the father solemnly handed the bride and groom hands. Th en, the couple want a solemn oath: “Starting today have each other, support each other, whether it is good or bad, rich or poor, in sickness and in health, to love one another cherish, till death do us part." Then under the pastor and all the blessings, exchange rings and kiss each other, at the end of the wedding, the bride will
throw the ball in the hands of the flower of the female guests arrived at the scene, who received the bouquet means who is the next to marry. After the ceremony, when the couple out of the church, church bells rang, meaning get rid of bad luck, or good fortune in order to protect the couple's life. At the same time there are wedding groomsmen, bridesmaids, wedding bridesmaids, boys notion stems from a belief that evil specter of jealousy happy couple will hurt them, but if there are many people like the wedding dress you can confuse the ghost, so they can not tell who will get married.
3.2 Differences in wedding dress and color tone
Color plays an important role in the wedding. Red is a symbol of Chinese tradition, a symbol of joy, happiness, and good luck, it is the main color throughout the traditional Chinese wedding, on behalf of the newlyweds married life is booming. On the couple's house to hang red lanterns, paste red couplets. Bride usually wears red, heads phoenix coronet, then covers red scarf. The groom wears a red gown jacket, wearing a large brimmed red hat. Dragon and phoenix patterns on the clothes are essential, according to Chinese tradition, the dragon symbol of male, female phoenix symbol, are harbingers of good luck. The bride sat red sedan in the post, the groom rode in front, with the matchmaker and wedding team to the groom's home chapel, both parents sitting on the church, and the bride and groom to marry the next hall.
In the West, white is the main color of the wedding, in Western cultures, white symbolizes luck, peace, goodwill, wealth and virginity. In Western wedding, the newlyweds like to wear a white wedding dress, standing for the loyalty and their holiness, the groom is a trim suit. The new house is decorated in white, with a white wedding cake and a white wedding car, all white goods are the most popular Western-style wedding decorations.
3.3 Differences in wedding customs
3.3.1 Differences in wedding banquet
In China, the traditional wedding banquet is a very grand banquet, usually held at noon. On the feast, the bride and groom toast to the guests to each table separately, and their parents have to do same things ,too. Expressing gratitude and welcome to the guests arrived at the scene. Guests who only eat and drink, chat, go home after dinner. Chinese wedding banquet costs are generally paid by the groom.
However, in the west, after the wedding ceremony, they hold a grand wedding banquet, called reception. Usually in the form of a buffet, wedding paid for by the bride. With the bride and groom first dance,banquet to start, but also to celebrate the beginning of their new life. All guests are dancing with beautiful music. It is worth mentioning that in America, guests attended the wedding banquet do not gifts of gold generally, sent items only . In the Internet age today, the guests choose gifts according to the directory of required items released by the couple online, once selected, the network will automatically delete the item record, avoid wasteful duplicate gifts.
3.3.2 Differences in taboo wedding date
Chinese wedding date should avoid the March, July, September, the three months have Halloween, not suitable for a wedding. Also avoid “sanniangsha”, is the 3 , 7, 13, 18, 22, 27 of each month, legends “sanniang”is specialized to oppose joking , destroy other people's wedding, so joking does not play matchmaker for “sanniang”. In addition, do not choose a wedding date of parents’ birthdays, these will not be the same auspicious day, not marriage.
Western wedding date avoid the period of Lent and Friday, the 13th. Friday is an unlucky number, legends, a lot has happened on this day, God created Adam, Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit, their son Cain killed his brother Abel, these series bad things make Friday as a bad day. In the Last Supper, Judas who is the thirteenth people to attend the dinner
betrayed Jesus, since then, thirteen is a symbol of ominous.
3.3.3 Differences in wedding venues
As the most important day of the life, as a new starting point for happy lovers, Chinese people's weddings are grand . In ancient times, people will hold banquet in their own home or in a restaurant to entertain friends and family as a witness for the couple. In contemporary China, the couple usually invite friends and family to go to a hotel or guest house. In the West, people are generally hold wedding ceremony in a church or other relatively quiet place. It is well-organized, not like Chinese wedding lively. Western wedding highlight solemn and holy pursuit of romance and reality combine.
4. Causes of different Chinese and Western wedding customs 4.1 Historic culture
Based on private ownership in the Chinese feudal society, marriage is feudalism social hierarchy levels, which are often based on the conclusion of the Confucian "yin and yang of hierarchy" theory as the basis for the patriarchal order as a criterion, and throughout the marriage ceremony set . Love status in Chinese traditional socio-cultural structure is very low, it is considered secondary. Because deeply influenced by the ideology ethics, marriage function is single, only from offspring, expand the role of the family, Chinese traditional marriage is strong feudal color into the so-called “natural fit”and“orders of their parents, the matchmaker's words”,“five elements, character and harmony”, etc.Marriage and interference concerns more, all of which highlight the political influence of feudal society, even in the 21st century, which is firmly rooted in the concept of marriage.
Most western countries are capitalist countries, subject to a profound impact on wedding customs, its unique historical and cultural origins, individual thinking, emphasizes
Western men and women are God's sons and daughters.
Different historical and cultural backgrounds, the West has become open, independent and dignified, while China is conservative, traditional and lively. These features can be fully reflected in wedding customs. For example, China's traditional wedding will invite many guests, livelier feel better, and the West is more like a simple and solemn wedding.
4.2 Religious belief
In China, most people believe in Buddhism, for instance, people respect dragon .but now only comply with constraints of traditional moral values, under the influence of Confucian culture, the relationship between husband and wife are not equal, but the status of women than men, and then with patriarchal bad habits.
In contrast, in Western society, people’s religion is very clear, at the time of the wedding, according to their own religious rites to be held. They think that love itself is a value, which is the most influential Christian religion. Christians believe that marriage is a gift from God. With the marriage of people to experience God's love, realize covenant between God and man. Covenant is unconditional commitment to each other, rather than on the principle of reciprocity, to today, it has become the ethics of free love marriage relationship. Western marriage will attach great importance to personal freedom, the development of humanity and nature. Christianity emphasizes the equality of the sexes, all are God's children, no affiliation, patriarchal concept of fertility is not there.
4.3 Family Education
Westerners generally believe that the child is an independent individual; parents should not control their behaviors. No matter what the circumstances, adults should listen, understand and respect the child. Parents will not interfere with the child's marital problems. So they decide who to marry, to prepare their own wedding, the parents do not help them buy a car or pay for wedding expenses.
In contrast, Chinese parents are worried about their children, they arrange everything for them, even decide who they marry to. With their own savings to help children buy cars, buy a house, hold wedding.
4.4 Values
Chinese people's collective Values higher than Individualism. Marriage is seen as the main problem of the family, rather than one thing of one people. The purpose of marriage is to reproduce, maintain and improve the family's honor and status. Thus, taking into account the welfare of the family, people always choose to ignore their true feelings.
Westerners think the value of the individual above all, they pursuit of personal development and personal interests, not someone else could control. They choose a marriage partner because of their feelings rather than family benefits or family honor.
5. Integration and development trend of China and Western wedding customs
With the rapid economic development and international exchanges in the process of globalization, China and the West collision and fusion of different cultures. Cultural integration is the inevitable result of cultural development. Evolution of wedding customs in Western countries is a historical necessity, which reflects the cultural development of human society.
5.1 The integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs
In the world, Chinese wedding is more and more popular. Some foreigners are in accordance with Chinese wedding ceremony style. Although the wedding decorations, such as wedding car decoration is western, but someone say there are a lot of Chinese elements of their wedding, for example, Chinese knot, red lanterns, red candles, couplets, these will increase the
festive atmosphere, what’s more, in Western wedding, they use invitations.
In China, the bride usually have two groups dress that wear on the wedding day .In the wedding ceremony ,the bride will wear a white wedding dress, which can give pure and elegant image, but for divine wedding. When the wedding banquet began, the guests toast the newlyweds; the bride will put on the red dress. This can also be seen from the fusion of Chinese and Western wedding customs in terms of wedding dress.
5.2 The reasons about integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs
In the 21st century, because the rapid development in the economic, political and other aspects, the position of China on the international continuous improving, five thousand years of Chinese traditional culture has become the focus. Chinese wedding culture as an important part of traditional culture, but also loved by people around the world gradually, for example, Chinese-style wedding dress. Therefore, many Westerners influenced by Chinese culture, they choose wedding ceremony of china. With globalization, social development and the constant cross-cultural, people can more easily and conveniently understand different national cultures. Wedding culture as an important part of culture, but also continue to carry out the integration, such as China's western wedding, western Chinese weddings. They enriched the wedding customs forms and wedding culture. these reflect the fusion of Chinese and Western culture, we can better understand Western culture, to understand the causes of cultural differences, in order to better cross-cultural communication.
5.3 Development trend of Chinese and Western wedding customs
Compared with the ancient, modern wedding eliminate some complex traditional wedding customs , resulting in a new form of wedding. Due to the constant cultural exchange, and learn culture in Western countries, there are some western elements in Chinese wedding ceremony. However, people in the pursuit of Western romantic wedding, but also pay attention
to the charm of the traditional culture, retain part of the tradition. Integration of different cultures is characteristic of the modern wedding. According to the characteristics of the modern wedding, we can predict the future development trend of the wedding. On the one hand, the frequent exchanges between countries, wedding customs continuous integration, in all its forms will co-exist at the wedding. In the future, people will pay more attention to the spirit of enjoyment, so they fusion wedding culture of many peoples, nations, and enjoy the best wedding feast. On the other hand, personalized wedding is another major trend in the future. Different lifestyle wedding ideas, direction of development of contemporary young people tend to convenient, simple, romantic. Many people will try to use their creativity and imagination to hold a low, elegant, personal, and highly ornamental wedding.
5.4 Chinese and Western wedding custom and intercultural communication
From differences and integration of wedding customs, we can see cultural exchange between countries, therefore, from the importance of cultural integration, we should actively participate in cultural exchanges, build mutual trust, learning to change our attitudes and culture to adapt to other countries develop our own cultural superiority. When we feel the culture of other countries, we should overcome our own cultural patterns, with the understanding and acceptance of mind to face Western thinking model and values.
Because different races and regions of the Western countries, in terms of thinking and behavior. We also have a need for a better understanding of cross-cultural communication and understanding, correct attitude toward cultural differences. In cross-cultural communication, we have to insist on respect, equality, territorial and the principle of proportionality. Respect is the basis for cross-cultural communication, whether wedding customs or a value, what we must respect is the cultures of each country; intercultural communication should be on an equal footing. The so-called principle of equality is in the process of cross-cultural communication, but also to overcome cultural superiority or
中西方文化比较 ——中西方的浪漫婚礼 课程名称： 授课老师： 班级： 学号： 姓名： 1+1=3?
目录 摘要：婚礼作为文化的一个有机组成部分，也是一个人一生中最为重要的仪式之一，它在中西方不同文化的熏下也逐渐的呈现出了不同的婚俗习惯，因而这些差异也明显的体现着中西方文化的不同。本文旨在对中西方婚礼的举行地点、服饰、色调、婚俗等方面的差异进行比较，并对造成差异的原因进行分析，浅谈中西方不同的婚礼文化。------------------------------------------------------------- 3 关键字：婚礼文化差异比较婚俗分析------------------------------------------------ 3 一、中西方婚礼差异比较----------------------------------------------------------------- 3 婚礼举行地点比较------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 对于我们中国人来说，结婚是一件大喜事，既是喜事当然要办的热热闹闹、喜气洋洋，这也是我们自古以来的传统。中国人喜欢热闹的气氛，因而婚礼的地点当然也要是能闹起来的地方。在古代，人们会选在开阔的场院里，大家围坐桌前，爽朗的笑声，锣鼓喧天，鞭炮齐鸣，一派祥和与红火。在当代难以寻得过去的场院，交通方便的大型酒店自然成了首选，与以往一样，从招待到入席，所有的人，无论是主人还是客人，脸上都洋溢着幸福的微笑，席间的欢歌笑语都体现了热闹这一传统。 --------------- 3 对于西方人来说，他们更为看重圣洁与庄重，所以西方的婚礼大多会选择在教堂等安静的地方举行，进行发誓，显得非常的神圣，他们的婚礼井井有条，不像我们中国人的婚礼那么热闹。 ------------- 3 婚礼服饰及色调比较---------------------------------------------------------------- 3 西方的婚礼的主色调是白色。在西方婚礼中,新娘一般都会一直穿着白色的婚纱，新郎则是穿着笔挺的西服。自罗马时代开始，白色象征欢庆，1850年到1900年之间，白色亦是富贵的象征，到了本世纪初白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关，古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱，蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱，象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里，白色代表着快乐，代表圣洁和忠贞。新娘的捧花、周围环境的装饰也都是以白色为基调的。------------------------------------------- 3 结婚仪式比较---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 在传统结婚仪式上面，中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”，就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。（聘书：订亲之书。纳吉时用。礼书：过礼之书。纳征时用。迎亲书：迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日（亲迎）接新娘过门时用。）而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。（纳采：古时婚礼之首，属意女方时，延请媒人作谋，谓之纳采，今称「提亲」。问名：男方探问女方之及生日时辰，以卜吉兆，谓之问名，今称「合八字」。纳吉：问名若属吉兆，遣媒人致赠薄礼，谓之纳吉，今称「过文定」或「小定」。纳征：奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等，即正式送聘礼，谓纳征，今称「过大礼」。请期：由男家请算命先生择日，谓之请期，又称「乞日」、今称「择日」。亲迎：新郎乘礼车，赴女家迎接新娘，谓之亲迎。）而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗，比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀（蝴蝶双飞）、痰盂（子桶）、尺（良田万顷）、片糖（甜甜蜜蜜）、银包皮带（腰缠万贯）、花瓶（花开富贵）、铜盆及鞋（同偕到老）、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗（有衣食）、七十二套衣服，用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着（丰衣足食）等物，每样物品都有其不同的含义。------------------------------- 4 二、中西方婚礼文化差异分析 --------------------------------------------------------- 5 中西方人性格不同------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 西方人虽然历史积淀不如中国深厚，但随着时间的累积，逐渐的西方人的性格形成了自己的特点，他们崇尚自由，不受礼节规定的影响，更加注重本心的想法，随心而动，更为讲究感觉。所以在婚礼中他们
揭阳职业技术学院 毕业论文 题目：浅谈中西方传统婚礼习俗差异学生姓名许展薇指导教师佘烁娜 系（部）外语系专业五年制英教班级 093班学号 60912340 提交日期2014年月日答辩日期年月日 2014 年月日
浅谈中西方传统婚礼习俗差异 论文提纲 前言 一、中西方婚礼差异比较 1、婚礼举行地点比较 2、中西婚礼服饰比较 3、中西婚礼仪式比较 （1）婚前准备 （2）婚礼当天 （3）婚礼过后 二、中西方婚礼习俗差异的原因 1、文化背景不同 2、宗教信仰不同 3、价值观念不同 结束语
浅谈中西方传统婚礼习俗差异 许展薇 （揭阳职业技术学院外语系五年制英语教育093班） 摘要：本文主要通过对中西方文化的研究和比较，并进一步分析中西方传统婚礼的差 异。婚姻，无论是哪一个国家的人们，都是十分重视的。本文旨在对中西方婚礼的举行地点、服饰、仪式等方面的差异进行比较，并对造成差异的原因进行分析，浅谈中西方不同的婚礼文化。 关键字：中西方；婚礼文化；差异；原因分析 前言 婚礼，一个浪漫而温馨的名词，它是情侣步入婚姻的大门，也是夫妻关系确立的标志，婚礼是一个开始，从此夫妻之间要相互鼓励、相互搀扶，相守一生，因而，各种美好的祝愿也都在这样一个与众不同的日子变得更加有意义、更加的珍贵。而婚姻习俗是伴随着婚姻的产生而产生的，它展示了民族群体的社会生活面貌，以及审美观，伦理观，价值观，宗教观，性意识和民族心理的发展态势，是人类创造的文化积累和精神财富。婚俗反映出的时代背景与风俗民情对后代有重要影响。中西婚俗研究也始终是研究的热点问题，因为它可以是我们更多的了解外国文化，对于不同文化间的传播与交流有积极意义。婚俗研究的课题层出不穷，研究的方向也不尽相同，有些着眼点放在中西文化的差异上，有些重点比较了中西婚俗中的一些具体不同。本文试从四个方面更全面的比较中西婚俗差异，同时进行婚俗差异原因的深层探究，使我们也对中西文化有一个基本的了解。 一、中西方婚礼差异比较 1、婚礼举行地点比较 对于我们中国人来说，结婚是一件大喜事，既是喜事当然要办的热热闹闹、气洋洋，这也是我们自古以来的传统。中国人喜欢热闹的气氛，因而婚礼的地点当然也要是能闹起来的地方。在古代，人们会选在开阔的场院里，大家围坐桌前，爽朗的笑声，锣鼓喧天，鞭炮齐鸣，一派祥和与红火。在当代难以寻得过去的场院，交通方便的大型酒店自然成了首选，与以往一样，从招待到入席，所有的人，无论是主人还是客人，脸上都洋溢着幸福的微笑，席间的欢歌笑语都体现了热闹这一传统。
中西方婚礼文化的差异 文化是一种社会现象，是多元化的，是人们长期创造形成的产物。同时又是一种历史现象，是社会历史的积淀物。确切地说，文化是指一个国家或民族的历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、行为方式、思考习惯、价值观念、文学艺术等包罗万象。历史发展至今，中西方文化就像两条时而交着、时而分离的不规则线，同样源远流长，同样博大精深。自成体系、相互交融。中西文化的差异表现在建筑、教育、饮食文化、礼仪、宗教等诸多方面。 然而婚俗文化，是一个民族文化的重要组成部分。在当今全球化的影响下，社会文化相互碰撞、相互融合，婚礼文化也在不断的变化。我国的婚礼文化也不断地受到西方婚礼文化的冲击。那么在各国之间文化交流相互影响的大环境下，我国的婚礼文化和西方的婚礼文化到底存在什么样的差异？本文从婚礼的不同方面试图对中西婚礼进行比较，找出其差异，并分析差异产生的原因以促进文化交融。 一．中西婚礼文化的差异 1.婚礼形式： 1)中国：中国传统婚礼习俗有“三书六礼”,“三跪九拜”的礼节。六礼：①纳采：男方请媒人提亲后,女方同意议婚,男方备礼去女方家求亲；②向名：男方在求婚后托媒人问女方的出生年月,准备合婚的仪式；③纳吉：是把问名后占卜合婚的好消息再通知女方的礼仪,这是订婚阶段的主要礼仪形式。 ④纳征：纳吉后,男方将聘礼送往女方,是成婚阶段的礼仪，俗
称过大礼。 ⑤请期：送完聘礼后,选择结婚日期,备礼到女方家,征得同意； ⑥亲迎：是新婿亲往女家迎聚的仪式。这项仪式往往被看作婚礼的主要程序,而前五项则当成议婚、订婚等过渡性礼仪。 2）西方的婚礼从一开始就充满了浪漫的气息。一般有以下步骤: ①来宾入席； ②奏结婚进行曲，亲友点上蜡烛,牧师领唱诗班进场,宣布婚礼开始，伴郎伴娘和新郎陆续进场,女方家长陪新娘进场全体起立； ③女方家长入席，新娘挽着父亲的手，步入大堂,伴娘和花童一同进入会场,全体来宾起立,父亲郑重的把女儿交给新郎,女方家长就坐,全体来宾就坐； ④牧师证婚，新人进行结婚宣誓,宣告愿意结为夫妻； ⑤新郎新娘互戴婚戒，宣誓； ⑥献诗，来宾在唱诗班的带领下,唱祝福歌； ⑦礼成，奏乐,新郎站右边,新娘站左边，两人一起走出教堂，伴郎伴娘随后,家属以及来宾随后退场； ⑧茶会或晚宴。但整个婚礼过程却有着让人不可亵渎的神圣与庄重。由此看来，传统的中国婚礼仪式比西方传统婚礼仪式要简单得多。2.婚礼服饰： 中西方审美与习俗的差异决定彼此传统婚礼服饰的不同。 1）中国服饰强调统一而不突出个性，因此在中国红色象征喜庆、幸福。在传统的婚礼仪式上，新郎新娘都要穿着红色的礼服。
A Comparison of the Wedding Culture between China and Western Countries in Modern Times Introduction The 21st century is dominated by science and technology, which makes the whole world develop quite rapidly. With the constantly increasing economic globalization and international exchange, the cultures of different regions are gradually spread and fused, such as the wedding cultures of China and Western Countries. It is clear that Chinese wedding and Western wedding differ from each other in many aspects: custom, ceremony procedures, styles and dress, marriage media and place. This thesis discusses the differences between Chinese and Western wedding cultures. It is extremely important to understand the different cultures between China and Western countries, which will help us to correctly understand the words and deeds of Westerners in the intercultural communication, fully understand each other, and respect each other's customs so as to get the best effect of communication. 1. Chinese and Western Different Wedding Cultures 1.1 Custom 1.1.1 Three Papers and Six Etiquettes According to Chinese wedding customs, the first etiquette is Three Papers and Six Etiquettes, which is as important as the engagement at Western wedding. Three Papers consists of the paper of engagement, the list paper of the presents to the bride?s and the paper of fetching the bride. They are going to be used on the day of engagement, the bridegroom?s giving the presents of marriage to the bride?s an d going and fetching the bride. Six Etiquettes includes asking for engagement, asking for the name and births of the newlyweds, showing some presents for engagement to the bride?s, giving the presents of marriage to the bride?s, choosing a good date for the wedding and going and fetching the br ide on the day of the wedding. All these etiquettes must be completely in proper order before the
Western wedding is a romantic type, the whole wedding from start to finish to the full of romantic. The bride's dress is generally white, the groom is black dress so that the whole wedding was the solemn seriousness. Marriage to the church to the whole wedding ceremony is the most important link. First, as the wedding march rhythm, the bride pull her father's hands go before the groom by her father she personally delivered the hands of the groom. pastor will ask the bride and groom on the other side to make a lifetime commitment, this is the climax of the whole wedding. then they will be priests and the blessing of everyone, exchanged marriage rings and kiss each other. The bride spent the hands of the ball were not ordinary furnishings. At the end of the wedding, the bride would throw the female guests arrived at the scene, who received curd, who is a married person, which makes the entire ceremony be heard laughing in the end. China is different from the wedding on the West, the entire wedding's main colours are red, this is also the representative of the traditional Chinese festivity colours. This change will enable the wedding jubilation. In the traditional wedding, the bride wearing red Luoyi general, wearing Fengguan, still above a red scarf. While the groom wearing red long gown mandarin jacket, wearing a red cap along. Palanquin bride rode in the red, the groom on horseback in front, with matchmaking and Yingqing teams to the groom's house in Baiting. Parents sitting on the two sides appear, and appear next married bride and groom. Entire wedding presided over by the master of ceremonies, in his command , a bride and groom Bastinade, Xiabai GAO Tang, and then a husband and wife Baidoa, into the bridal chamber. Noisy wedding is the climax of wedding, the bride and groom first to wait for the wedding, the groom and guests on the outstanding hospitality, Jiujufanbao, in a lot of the groom greeted came to the wedding. everybody started Noisy wedding, the bride and groom all stirred up trouble in the next gam e…… do all this in a whole wedding laughter ended. By studying the differences between Chinese and Western wedding, I understand their characteristics: Western wedding is pure romantic, and China is happy wedding; Western wedding is feeling valued, and China values the ceremony. In the West because of their different customs, have also formed their own characteristics wedding customs. Though, have different customs, but no matter where the wedding was all full of blessings and laughter. Difference between Chinese and western weeding
下载可编辑 山西大学商务学院外语系 学年论文 论文题目浅析中西方婚礼文化差异 专业年级英语（商务英语方向） 姓名_______任思楠_________________ 学号_______2012201120_____________ 指导教师_______郝晓瑞_________________ 日期 2015年6月
Analysis on the Differences in Wedding Culture between China and Western Countries By Ren Sinan
Business College of Shanxi University June, 2015
Contents Abstract (i) 摘要 (ii) 1. Introduction (1) 2. Literature review (2) 3. Different wedding cultures between China and Western countries (3) 3.1 Differences in wedding ceremony (3) 3.2 Differences in wedding dress and color tone (4) 3.3 Differences in wedding customs (5) 3.3.1 Differences in wedding banquet (5) 3.3.2 Differences in taboo wedding date (5) 3.3.3 Differences in wedding venues (6) 4. Causes of different Chinese and Western wedding customs (6) 4.1 Historic culture (6) 4.2 Religious belief (7) 4.3 Family Education (7) 4.4 Values (8) 5. Integration and development trend of China and Western wedding customs . 8 5.1 The integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs (8) 5.2 The reasons about integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs (9) 5.3 Development trend of Chinese and Western wedding customs (9) 5.4 Chinese and Western wedding custom and intercultural communication 10 6. Conclusion (11) References (12)
【标题】中西方婚俗文化差异 【作者】 【关键词】 【指导老师】 【专业】英语 【正文】 I. Introduction Marriage is the basic system and form that both sexes combine in society. The marriage culture is produced with the development of marriage, which reflects a certain marriage conception. Marriage custom not only incarnates the social appearance in some times, but also shows values, ways of thinking, and religious beliefs of one nation.1 In ancient China, people thought highly of marriage culture. Ancient people regarded marriage as the primary and incipience of all decorum. Chinese long history and abundance culture have penetrated into marriage culture, so it is the cohesion of Chinese culture. While because of geography, nationality, history, religious beliefs and other aspects, the marriage culture in western countries is different from Chinese. Therefore, this paper has discussed the differences of marriage culture among Chinese, British and American. Firstly, it has introduced some similarities of marriage culture between China and Western Countries. Secondly, it has described ancient and modern Chinese marriage culture, the British and American marriage culture. Besides, it has introduced some main differences, such as the wedding process, the wedding dress, the wedding car and other details. Finally, it analyzed the causes of differences, including religious beliefs, the ways of thinking. II. Similarities of Marriage Culture between China and Western Countries Every country has her nationality, but they have some similarities. No matter in China or Western Countries, marriage is a great turning point in life. Both of people all pay great attention on it, and they always choose a nice day, which is sunny and propitious time, so wedding date is very important in every country. In ancient China, people would like to choose an auspicious day based on lunar calendar, which meant the couple would love each other and live a good life in the future. Similarly, the foreigners also choose a perfect day to hold wedding. For example, in England men hate to hold wedding in May. Because May has been considered an unlucky month to marry in. In addition, Fridays were considered unlucky particularly Friday the 13th. There has a famous old rhyme advises a wedding of the week. “Monday for wealth, Tuesda y for health, Wednesday the best day of all, Thursday for losses, Friday for crosses, Saturday for no luck at all.2
中西方婚礼的差异 随着中国经济的全球化发展和中国传统文化对世界的影响，中西方交流日益紧密。认识和了解各国文化和风俗习惯称为必然。婚姻是人类社会共有的制度之一。它是在公开的场合将丈夫和妻子之间的婚姻关系公开确定下来的仪式。因此几乎在每一种社会文化中,都有举办婚礼的习俗。婚礼是各个国家文化的重要组成部分。随着社会的不断进步和全球化的影响,婚礼文化在不断的发生变化。我国的婚礼文化也不断的受到西方婚礼文化的冲击。下面就其中西方婚礼的差异主要通过以下两个方面来概述。 一、表现中西方婚礼差异的几个方面： 1传统结婚仪式 中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”，就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗，比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀（蝴蝶双飞）、痰盂（子孙桶）、尺（良田万顷）、片糖（甜甜蜜蜜）、银包皮带（腰缠万贯）、花瓶（花开富贵）、铜盆及鞋（同偕到老）、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗（有衣食）、七十二套衣服，用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着（丰衣足食）等物，每样物品都有其不同的含义。同时，在婚礼进行时也有一定的顺序，按一般的情况，在整个婚礼过程中有：祭祖、出发、燃炮、等待新郎、讨喜、拜别、出门、礼车、掷扇、燃炮、摸橘子、牵新娘、喜宴、送客、闹洞房、三朝回门。有此可以见到我国文化的繁琐，但不要以为繁琐是我国婚礼的特有特征，其实，不同国家虽然有不同的婚俗，但从繁复的细节与用品的喻意，都可见对婚姻的尊重和期许无分国界。 在西方国家中，婚礼时有旧（Something Old）、新（Something New）、借（Something Borrowed）、蓝（Something Blue）等习俗。旧是指母亲传下来之婚纱，头饰或首饰，代表承受美好的一切；新是指朋友送的礼物如裙子，饰物，象征新的生活；借是指可向任何人借东西回来，据说从富裕亲友借来金或银放在鞋内，象征带来财运；蓝是指新娘的一些小饰物或花束用蓝色，意味着新娘的纯洁及贞洁。而在进行婚礼时，西方亦有大量的习俗。比如，在结婚时新娘总要带着一方手帕，西方人认为白手帕象征好运。在进行结婚晚宴时，要特别定制结婚蛋糕，根据历史记载，自罗马时代开始，婚礼结束时，人们会在新娘头上折断一条面包的材料----小麦象征生育能力，面包屑则代表着幸运。新人必须以糖霜，就形成今天的结婚蛋糕了。由此可见，西方的婚俗并不比中方简洁。 2、婚礼服饰 在进行婚礼不只是有仪式习俗需要遵守，在穿着方面也有讲究。中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘穿着红色的礼服，象征的吉祥如意，预示在结婚后日子红红
题目: On the Study of the Differences between Chinese and American Wedding Culture (中美婚礼折射出的中美文化差异) 一、Introduction （介绍）definition 提出论点：通过婚礼对比，全面了解中西方文化历 史背景知识，同时在保有自身文化特色的原则下不断吸取西方国家文化的优点，更新自己文化的不足之处，达到扬长避短的目的。 The wedding is one of life's primeval and surprisingly unchanged rites of passage. Nearly all of the customs we observe today are merely echoes（回声，效仿） of the past. Everything from the veil（面纱）, rice, flowers, and old shoes, to the bridesmaids and processionals, at one time, bore（使烦扰，钻孔） a very specific and vitally（极其） significant meaning. Today, although the original substance（物质，主旨） is often lost, we incorporate（吸收，合并） old world customs into our weddings because they are traditional and ritualistic（）. As an old saying goes: marriage is the most important matter in women’s life. Marriage is a very important part in one’s life. So does the wedding ceremony. 二、Necessity of knowing the culture differences in Chinese and western weddings 1. Globalization（全球化） 2. Culture and Conflict （文化冲突） 三、Compare the Similarities and Differences in Chinese and W estern W eddings （异同点） 1. Propose a marriage (提亲) In the West, if the men in love want to marry, he must first propose to the groom's family by the bride's side. When proposing, the groom's family should bestow the betrothal ring to the bride's side (an engagement ring). Therefore, when the people mentioned “He gave her a ring”, it usually means that they are now engaged. Engagement in America Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man latter proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by “popping the question” in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiancée a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers and bachelor’s parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life. Engagement in China Before getting married, young people have to pay a formal visit to each other’s parents. When visiting the girl’s parents, the boy has to bring with him the betrothal gifts in order to show sincerity. When the gifts are received, then both the boy and the girl are engaged. When the girl visits the boy’s parents, the parents have to prepare a formal gift for the future daughter-in –law.
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除中西婚礼礼仪服装的差异 篇一：中西方婚礼文化差异 中西方婚礼文化差异 摘要：婚礼作为文化的一个有机组成部分，也是一个人一生中最为重要的仪式之一，它在中西方不同文化熏陶下也逐渐的呈现出了不同的婚俗习惯，因而这些差异也明显的体现着中西方文化的不同。本文旨在对中西方婚礼的地点、着装、礼仪、婚宴的差异进行比较。 关键词：婚礼文化地点着装婚俗内涵 婚礼，是一个温暖的词汇，它开启了情侣通往幸福婚姻的一扇门，执子之手与子偕老的佳话从此刻被书写。伴随婚礼的是各样多彩的婚庆习俗，这是由于不同的文化背景造成的。现在就让我们一起来探究一下中西方文化的差异。 （一）中西方婚礼地点差异 作为人们一生最重要的日子之一，作为一对幸福恋人新的起点，中国人的婚礼是隆重热闹的。古代的时候，人们会在自己家里或是酒楼里摆上酒席以宴请亲朋好友作为新人
的见证。在当代中国，新人一般会邀请亲朋好友去酒店或是宾馆。会在酒店宾馆里将排场弄得很大，突显婚礼隆重、热闹的特点。而在西方，人们的婚礼一般是在教堂或者是其他比较安静的地方举行，井井有条，不像中国婚礼般热闹。西方的婚礼突出庄重和圣洁，追求浪漫与实在的结合。 （二）中西方婚礼着装差异 中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘具着红色的礼服。中国人的婚礼离不开红色，习惯以鲜艳的颜色来烘托气氛。因此，历朝女式婚服颜色为大红色已成了定制，以示喜庆，衬托新人，预示未来生活蒸蒸日上，幸福美满。新娘礼服为广袖对襟翟衣，头戴珠凤冠。值得说明的是，翟衣上面的图案很有讲究。对襟本身就有完整的对称感，且在中国文化里本身就代表合称、合美的意思，而上面密布的左右对称且成双成对的锦鸡图案，则象征着中国传统文化里夫妻生活的和美、和乐。一般新娘在婚礼当天高挽发髻，区别于未婚女子。而在婚礼当天，新娘子以红色头盖蒙面，象征着童贞、年轻、纯洁。结婚后由新郎亲手揭开。而西方的新娘则穿白色的礼服。自罗马时代开始，白色象征欢庆。1850年到1900年之间，白色亦是富贵的象征。到了本世纪初，白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关。古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱，蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱，象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里，白色代表着快乐；其他一些地区，
从中西方婚礼浅析中西方文化差异 摘要：婚礼作为个人成长过程中必不可少的一个环节，无论在中国还是在西方其他国家都显得尤为重要，随着数千年文化的传承，逐渐形成一种地区特有的文化习俗。虽然在每个不同的地区都有着不同的婚礼习俗，但在文化大一统的环境中，婚礼大同小异。这里我们就以中西方的婚礼中较为普遍的婚礼习俗来对比中西方文化的差异。 关键词：中西方婚礼文化差异 我们先来谈谈中国的婚礼，中国的婚礼按地区不同，也有不同的习俗，这里我们以传统婚礼为例。传统婚礼程序颇为复杂，但每一项都有其特殊的意义。 婚礼前的准备 聘礼：婚前男方要将娶亲的聘礼送到女方家，一般来说除了礼金还有包含一些寓意美好的事物，每个地方送的种类都不相同，这里就不一一讲述了。礼金则象征着娶方财厚，暗示着新娘嫁过去可以享福，让女方家放心。 回礼：收到聘礼女方要给回礼，一般情况下，包含礼金和一些日常用品。 安床：在结婚的前一天晚上，要由女方家出一个家庭和睦、父母双全、又育有儿子的男丁安装婚房里的婚床，再将寓意早生贵子的四品：核桃、莲子、红枣、花生铺在新床上面。 嫁妆：女方家会给新娘准备带去婆家的嫁妆，全部放在红色的箱子中交给新娘。开箱子的一般是新娘的弟弟。 上头：婚礼举行前一晚，要选择一个吉时拜神求平安幸福，而且男方也要在同一个时间在自家那边拜。 梳头：新娘梳妆打扮的时候，会请一位有福气的长辈来给新娘梳头，寓意跟安床的道理相似。吃汤圆：汤圆，寓意团圆美满，祝福新人可以圆满成婚。 婚礼当天的仪式 迎亲：婚礼当天的上午，男方要带着迎亲队伍来女方家接亲。接新娘绝对算得上是整个婚礼的一大高潮。首先要“入门”。新郎要想顺利接得新娘归，可不是进门带出那么容易，要通过姊妹群的考验，不光是智力要好，体力要好，若有要求还得唱情歌，说情话，但这些都不是最重要的，给红包才有可能打动新娘的姊妹们，这就是所谓的开门红包。而且新郎还要用花球去迎娶新娘(新娘不可自制花球)。 找红鞋：新郎进门后也不能马上带走新娘，还要在新娘的房间里找到准备好给新娘的红色婚鞋，帮新娘穿上后才可以带走新娘。 敬茶：两位新人要向双亲跪拜，奉茶直到长辈喝下才能站起来(以前的习俗是，新人在女方家时要站着奉茶，因为还未到男家拜见翁姑。不过现在讲究没有这么多了，两边都跪拜以示同样的尊重。 撑红伞、撒米：新娘新郎出门的时候，要由伴娘撑红伞陪同，而且要同时往路旁撒米，意思是不要让鸡啄到新娘。 绕吉祥路：新人上迎亲车后不能直达目的地，必须绕当地所有吉祥路名的路开一圈。 过门：即指新娘被接到男方家后，拜见翁姑及男家其他长辈的习俗。 婚礼：传统婚礼，一般是请司仪主持婚礼仪式。 敬客：婚礼仪式结束后，酒宴正式开始，待到上鱼的时候，新娘要换上传统的龙凤褂跟新郎一起向每桌客人敬茶，客人都要说些祝福的话。 入洞房：新郎新娘会带要好的朋友一起去新房参观，或者做些闹洞房的娱乐。 三朝回门：指在结婚后的第三天，新娘由丈夫陪同回娘家，要带上烧全猪和礼物等回去见女方父母，并且要祭祖。