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2018年湖南省株洲市中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)

2018年湖南省株洲市中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)
2018年湖南省株洲市中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)

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英语试卷 第2页(共22页)

绝密★启用前

湖南省株洲市2018年初中毕业学业考试

英 语

(满分120分,考试时间100分钟)

第一部分 听力(共两节,计20分)(略) 第二部分 知识运用(共两节,计25分)

第一节 语法填空(10小题,计10分)

从A 、B 、C 三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。

21. There are two trees in my backyard . One is a Chinese date tree . ________ is also a Chinese date tree . A . The other B . Other C . Another 22. You look so weak! I think you ________ go to see a doctor at once . A . might B . should C . could 23. All roads lead to Rome . The roads are just ________ your feet .

A . under

B . in

C . on 24. ________ beautiful the Shennong Lake is! Everyday I must take a walk there .

A . What a

B . What

C . How 25. We are not allowed to laugh when we ________.

A . ate

B . have eaten

C . are eating 26. He likes watching the fifth channel . ________ channel is about sports .

A . An

B . The

C . A 27. People remember the first traveler from England ________ came to live in America . A . which B . where C . who 28. Polly has been ill for three days but she is a lot ________ today . A . best

B . better

C . good 29. Many modern trains in the world ________ in Zhuzhou . A . are creating B . created C . are created 30. The boss was late for the meeting because his alarm clock didn’t ________.

A . go off

B . go out

C . go on

第二节 词语填空(10小题,计15分)

通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

“Xiao Yun has no coat for town and special events,” Mama told Papa when he came in from the 31 .

“The cows can ’t be 32 now,” he said . “Are you sure Xiao Yun can ’t wear a hand-me down?”

“Yes,” Mama said . They took Xiao Yun to a store in town .

“Can I 33 you?” a shop assistant asked . “Our Xiao Yun needs a good coat,” Papa said .

They looked for coats for some time carefully . “A 34 coat!” Xiao Y un cried . “ I want the pink coat .” The coat was slippery and shiny inside . In the pink coat she looked like a spring flower .

“I ’m afraid the pink coat will only 35 one year,” Mama said .

“And there ’s no one to pass it on to,” said Papa . Xiao Y un backed away . She wanted to be a flower .

“Xiao Yun !”It was Papa . He came over to 36 , “You are old enough to know that you can ’t always have your own way,” he said seriously .

Xiao Yun slipped one arm from a sleeve(袖子). “It is her color, though,” Mama said .

“Ah !”said the assistant . “Anyone can 37 how the pink of the coat brings out the roses in her cheeks (面颊).”

Papa looked thoughtful for a moment .

“We are 38 .”Continued Mama, “ That is only one little coat for Xiao Yun and not also new coats for Xiao Xuan and Xiao Qing .”

Papa rubbed his chin (下巴). “The cows can ’t give milk soon enough,” he said . “ 39 how can we let Xiao Yun wear a brown coat when she looks like a flower in this one?”

“Papa !”Xiao Yun cried, slipping her 40 back into the empty sleeve . She threw her arms around Papa ’s neck . “I do look like a flower, don ’t 1?” she asked happily .

“Like a primrose in spring .” Papa said . 31. A . farm B . school C . hospital 32. A . weighed B . fed

C . milked 33. A . teach B . help C . trouble 34. A . blue B . pink C . brown 35. A . fit B . as:

C . shine 36. A . it B . them C . her 37. A . see B . promise C . draw 38. A . rich B . lucky C . busy 39. A . So B . And C . But 40. A . arm

B . head

C . hand

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毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________

第三部分阅读技能(计40分)

阅读下面的材料,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项

A

41. How many branches are there in Zhuzhou?

A. Two.

B. Three.

C. Nine.

42. This picture mainly introduces ________.

A. sports classes

B. sports programs

C. sports clubs

43. How old is Xia Yu?

A.28.

B.30.

C.32.

44. How many languages can Xia Yu speak?

A. Two.

B. Three.

C. Four.

45. From the form we can see Xia Yu is very.

A. helpful

B. strict

C. careful

C

Han Meimei did gymnastics all day-anytime, anywhere. This made her family angry.“Han Meimei, enough!” said her family.

“I’ve got to go to a gym!”said Han Meimei.

“Too much money!” cried her parents.

“Then 1’ll earn it myself,” said Han Meimei.

She tried hard, but she didn’t earn money because she often practiced gymnastics when working.

“H an Meimei, enough!” cried the neighbors.

She walked toward the gym. She seated herself with others. A group of girls so older than Han Meimei tumbled(做空翻动作) on the floor.And about 15 beginners balanced on the beam(平衡木).

Then she saw the sign:

“Wanted: Gymnas tics students to be Children Class teacher assistant.Talk at the front desk.”

“I’d like to be the Children Class teacher assistant,” she said.

“I se e,” s aid the woman at the desk.“How old are you?”

“14.”said Han Meimei.

“Can you do gymnastics?” asked the woman.

Han Meimei tumbled on the floor then and there.

“It appears you are excellent.” said the

woman,“I think you may be just what we’re

looking for.” Han Meimei smiled.

“There is one thing,” said the woman.“I’m afraid we don’t pay in money. We pay with

free classes. Would you still be interested?”

Han Meimei jumped so high that there was no doubt about her answer.

She spent every afternoon at the gym, teaching and practicing. After that. The only place

she heard anyone say “Han Meimei, enough!” was at the gym-at closing time.

46. What made Han Meimei’s family angry?

A. Doing gymnastics too much.

B. Wasting money.

C. Practicing gymnastics when working.

47. The woman at the desk thought that Han Meimei was the right person for the ________.

A. coach

B. manager

C. assistant

48. What can Han Meimei get from the gym?

A. Some money.

B. Free classes.

C. Some tickets.

49. From the passage, we know Han Meimei ________.

A. never gave up

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B . sang very well

C . was always late for school 50. The passage mainly talks about .

A . Han Meime i’s fighting with her family B. Han Meimei’s teaching gymnastics C. Han Meimei’s practicing gymnastics

D

Tracy was always hard-working and creative . She started a website called TEAM for girls when she was 16, and it ’s doing better than ever .

TEAM now has 10 million visits every month .

When she was ten, Tracy drew four characters (人物).They are all girls, and they are good friends . She called them “Amazing Girls ”. The main amazing girl, Miss E, represents(代表)her younger sister Elizabeth . Amy writes stories, and Mary answers questions . “Amazing Girls ” finally became TEAM . “TEAM” means “Together everyone achieves more”.

At that time, Tracy wanted a safe and warm site for girls, but she couldn ’t find one . So she decided to create one herself .

At first, Tracy asked family members and friends for help . Her computer teacher also help her a lot . She created a small website . “There was a homepage, which had the four characters and simple flash animations (动画),” Tracy says . “It was very, very simple, but it was a start .”

Now it is a heaven for millions of girls . It has message boards, quizzes, games, music, and more . Girls can help each other with homework here . And they can also discuss fashion, dancing, and singing stars . They feel free and comfortable . They have made their life more fruitful and meaningful .

“I’m able to learn so much about culture around the world,” Tracy says . “The goal for the site was, and still is, to help young girls to believe in themselves.” 51. How many visits does TEAM have every month now? A. 10 million.

B. 16 million.

C. 17 million. 52. What does Mary do? A. Answers questions.

B. Draws characters.

C. Writes stories.

53. Why did Tracy decide to create a website? A. Because she wanted to make money. B. Because she couldn’t find one for girls .

C. Because her computer teacher asked her to create one. 54. Tracy started the site to help young girls to. A. do their homework

B. dance and sing

C. believe in themselves

55. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Girls’ Success

B. Girls’ Website

C. TEAM’s Meaning

E

Copenhagen is one of the best places in the world to be a bicyclist but there is a downside-thousands of parked bicycles . Sometimes it gets out of control .

In 2014, when Copenhagen got its Cycle Snake-a new bicycle only bridge-the city edged even closer to being a cyclists ’ paradise .

There are in fact more bicycles in Copenhagen than people, five times as many bicycles as cars, and 400 km of cycle lanes-not shared with cars or pedestrians (行人) for a city of about 600 000 people .

This has many advantages, such as cleaner air and physical fitness . If only more thought had gone into what happens when riders get off . Cycle parking is a big problem here . Bikes are often parked on the pavement, taking up pedestrian space and blocking (堵住)entrances to shops and restaurants .

Outside Copenhagen’s central train station, where people often leave their bikes for the weekend, plenty of cyclists are fed up . “There just isn’t enough space,” says Kirsten Hoeholt, a famous artist .

While 95% of cyclists in the city are happy with conditions for cyclists overall, only 29% are satisfied with cycle-parking facilities-down from 40% in 1996.

One of Copenhagen’s is that it has been growing rapidly . About 12 000 people are moving to the city each year, while only 7 000 new cycle parking spaces have been created over the last eight years .

One Dutch idea on its way to Copenhagen is taking away the bikes that are parked in the wrong areas . Leave your bike in the wrong place and you could find that it has been moved to nearby bicycle facilities .

A few years ago “bike -butlers” were introduced in some areas . The butlers pick up bicycles that have been knocked over, pump air into flat tyres and give the bike-chains a bit of oil, to thank people for parking properly .

56. The last word “paradise” in the fourth line means “ ________ ”. A . factory B . company C . heaven 57. There are about people in Copenhagen . A .120000

B .600000

C .700000

58. Which of the following is NOT true?

A . There are in fact more bicycles in Copenhagen than people .

B . Only 29% are satisfied with cycle-parking facilities .

C . About 7 000 people are moving to the city each year . 59. The last paragraph tells us to ________.

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毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________

A. punish the bicyclists

B. encourage the bicyclists

C. take away the bikes

60. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The parking of the bikes in Copenhagen.

B. The repairing of the bikes in Copenhagen.

C. The creating of the bikes in Copenhagen.

第四部分写作技能(共三节,满分35分)

第一节双向翻译(共5个小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据上下文内容,将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。

In our daily life, much plastic package is used just once and then thrown away. According to a new study from the University of California, 9% of this is recycled, 12% is burnt and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade, once it’s in the ground, it stays there.61. The study also shows that eight million tons of plastic waste are pouring into the sea every year.

Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made:8.3 billion tons. That’s as heavy as one billion elephants. And almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.

62.每个人都应该参与拯救地球。Protecting the environment is protecting ourselves. If the environment is taken good care of, we can have clean water and green mountains.63.绿水青山就是金山银山。

What can we do as students? Just say no to single-use plastics like straws, cups and bags. Many people love to drink from a straw or use plastic to carry things, but they are really bad for the environment.

64.Bring your own chopsticks if you’re planning to eat outside.It can be hard to remember.

Just put a pair of chopsticks in your bag before you leave home.

You know you’re going to need some water to get you through your day. So carry a bottle (or a cup) with you.65. That will help you avoid plastic bottles.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

第二节回答问题(共5个小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

阅读下面的材料,然后根据材料内容回答问题。

We live in Bedford, a town near London. My father is a hard-working pilot, so he doesn’t have much time to look after us.

When I was a kid, my mum liked to make breakfast food for dinner every now and then. And I remember one night in particular, when she had made breakfast food after a long, hard day at hospital.

On that evening so long ago, my mum placed a plate of eggs, sausage and terribly burnt biscuits in front of my dad. I remember waiting to see if anyone notices. Yet all my dad did was reach for a biscuit, smile at my mum and ask my brother and me how we had been doing at school. I don’t remember what I told him that night, but I do remember watching him put butter and jelly on that biscuit and eat every bite!

When I got up from the table that evening, I remember hearing my mum apologize to my dad for burning the biscuits.And I will never forget what he said, “Honey, I love burnt biscuits.”

Later that night, I went to kiss my dad good night and I asked him if he really liked his biscuits burnt.He wrapped me in his arms and said, “Your mum is really tired after a hard day’s work. Besides, a little burnt biscuit could never hurt anyone. We have been married for 17 years. She always cooks for me.Don’t put the key to your happiness in someone else’s pocket but into your own.”

66. What is the father?

67. Where does the mother work?

68. How many people are there in the family?

69. How long have the mother and father been married?

70. Why did the father eat the burnt biscuits?

第三节情景作文(共1个小题,满分15分)

假定你是李华,你在美国的笔友Sam给你寄来了一本英语词典,你要给他回赠一件具有中国特色的礼物,并发送一封电子邮件,包括以下内容:

(1)说明你觉得他的礼物怎么样;

(2)介绍你回赠的礼物的中国特色;

(3)邀请他来中国观看冬季奥运会(the Olympic Games)。

注意:(1)词数80左右;

(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

(3)文中不能出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息。

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湖南省株洲市2018年初中毕业学业考试

英语答案解析

第一部分听力(略)

第二部分知识运用

第一节

21.【答案】A

【解析】根据"two trees in my backyard"可知,“我”家后院有两棵树,一棵是枣树,另一棵也是枣树。表示“(两者中的)一个…另一个……”,用one.…the other..…。故选A。

【考点】不定代词辨析。

22.【答案】B

【解析】根据"You look so weak!"可知,此处指你看起来如此虚弱!我认为你应该立刻去看医生。should意为“应该”。故选B。

【考点】情态动词辨析。

23.【答案】A

【解析】句意为:条条大路通罗马。路就在你脚下。under意为“在……下面”,符合句意。故选A。

【考点】介词辨析。

24.【答案】C

【解析】"beautiful"是形容词,此处应用“How+adj.+主语+谓语!”的感叹句结构。故选C。

【考点】感叹句。

25.【答案】C

【解析】句意为:我们吃饭的时候不允许笑。表示正在进行的动作应用现在进行时。故选C。

【考点】动词的时态。

26.【答案】B

【解析】句意为:他喜欢看第五频道。那个频道是关于体育的。此处特指第五频道,应用定冠词the。故选B。

【考点】冠词的用法。

27.【答案】C

【解析】空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"the first traveler",指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who。故选C。

【考点】定语从句。

5 / 11

28.【答案】B

【解析】句意为:Polly已经病了三天,但她今天好多了。此处应用a lot修饰比较级better。故选B。

【考点】形容词的比较等级。

29.【答案】C

【解析】"modern trains"与create之间存在被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。

【考点】动词的语态。

30.【答案】A

【解析】根据"The boss was late for the meeting"可知,老板开会迟到了是因为闹钟没响。go off意为“(闹铃)发出响声”,符合句意。故选A。

【考点】动词短语辨析。

第二节

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Xiao Yun的爸爸妈妈带她去商店买外套的经历。

31.【答案】A

【解析】根据下文的"The cows"可知,此处指Xiao Yun的爸爸从农场回来。farm意为“农场”,符合语境。故选A。

【考点】名词辨析。

32.【答案】C

【解析】根据倒数第三段第二句中的"The cows can't give milk soon enough"可知,奶牛现在不能产奶。milk 意为“挤奶”,符合语境。故C。

【考点】动词辨析。

33.【答案】B

【解析】根据下文的"a shop assistant asked"可知,店员问道:“我能为你做什么吗?”故选B。

【考点】动词辨析。

34.【答案】C

【解析】根据下文"Xiao Yun cried. 'I want the pink coat.'"可知,Xiao Y un不想要棕色的外套。brown意为“棕色的”,符合语境故选C。

【考点】形容词辨析。

35.【答案】A

【解析】根据下文的"And there's no one to pass it on to"可知,Xiao Yun的妈妈认为这、件粉红色的外套恐怕只能穿一年。fit意为“(使)适合”,符合语境。故选A。

【考点】动词辨析。

英语试卷第11页(共22页)

36.【答案】C

【解析】根据上文"'Xiao Y un!' It was Papa."可知,Xiao Yun的爸爸向Xiao Yun走来。此处指代"Xiao Yun",应用her。故选C。

【考点】代词辨析。

37.【答案】A

【解析】根据语境可知,此处指任何人都能看到外套的粉色如何衬托得Xiao Yun面若“玫瑰”。see意为“看到”,符合语境。故选A。

【考点】动词辨析。

38.【答案】C

【解析】根据语境可知,Xiao Yun的妈妈说他们很忙。busy意为“忙碌的”,符合语境。故选C。

【考点】形容词辨析。

39.【答案】C

【解析】此处表示虽然奶牛目前不能产奶,但是既然Xiao Y un穿粉色的外套像一朵花一样,那怎么能让她穿棕色外套呢?前后为转折关系。故选C。

【考点】连词辨析。

40.【答案】A

【解析】根据上文"Xiao Yun slipped one arm from a sleeve(袖子)."可知,Xiao Y un把胳膊滑回到空袖子里。arm意为“手臂”,符合语境。故选A。

【考点】名词辨析。

第三部分

A

41.【答案】A

【解析】由"Two branches in Zhuzhou, one in Tianyuan District and one in Lusong District."可知,在株洲有两个分部。故选A。

【考点】细节理解题。

42.【答案】C

【解析】由图片中的"Sports Clubs"及图片中的文字内容可知,这幅图片主要介绍了运动俱乐部的特殊优惠。故选C。

【考点】推理判断题。

B

43.【答案】B

【解析】由"Born1988"可知,Xiao Yu(2018-1988=)30岁。故选B。

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【考点】细节理解题。

44.【答案】B

【解析】由表格Languages栏中的"Chinese(mother language), English,French"可知,Xia Y u会说三种语言。故选B。

【考点】细节理解题。

45.【答案】A

【解析】由表格Work experience栏中的"helped students to study abroad" "worked as a volunteer English teacher in different schools"可知,Xia Yu非常乐于助人。故选A。

【考点】推理判断题。

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Han Meimei练体操的故事。

C

46.【答案】A

【解析】由第一段第一、二句"Han Meimei did gymnastics all day-anytime, anywhere. This made her family angry. "可知,大量的体操训练让她的家人很生气。故选A。

【考点】细节理解题。

47.【答案】C

【解析】由文中的"Wanted:Gymnastics students to be Children Class teacher assistant. Talk at the front desk."和"I think you may be just what we're looking for."可知,前台的女士认为Han Meimei是孩子课堂教师助理的最佳人选。故选C。

【考点】细节理解题。

48.【答案】B

【解析】由倒数第三段第二、三句"I'm afraid we don't pay in money. We pay with free classes.”可知,Han Meimei 可以获得免费的课程。故选B。

【考点】细节理解题。

49.【答案】A

【解析】通读全文可知,父母对于Han Meimei练习体操很生气,但她并没有放弃,为了练体操,她到健身房做免费助理,边教学生边练习。故选A。

【考点】推理判断题。

50.【答案】C

【解析】通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了Han Meimei练习体操的故事。故选C。

【考点】主旨大意题。

D

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51.【答案】A

【解析】由第二段"TEAM now has 10million visits every month."可知,TEAM现在每月有1000万的访问量。故选A。

【考点】细节理解题。

52.【答案】A

【解析】由第三段第五句"Amy writes stories, and Mary answers questions."可知,Mary是回答问题的。故选A。【考点】细节理解题。

53.【答案】B

【解析】由第四段"At that time, Tracy wanted a safe and warm site for girls, but she couldn't find one. So she decided to create one herself."可知,Tracy找不到适合女生的网站,所以决定自己创建一个。故选B.

【考点】细节理解题。

54.【答案】C

【解析】由最后一段最后一句:"The goal for the site was, and still is, to help young girls to believe in themselves."可知,Tracy创建网站是为了帮助年轻女孩相信自己。故选C。

【考点】细节理解题。

55.【答案】B

【解析】通读全文内容,文章讲述了Tracy在朋友和老师的帮助下创建TEAM网站,帮助年轻女孩找到自信的故事。因此,最佳标题为"Girls' Website"。故选B。

【考点】标题概括题。

E

56.【答案】C

【解析】第三段中的"There are in fact more bicycles in Copenhagen than people"可知,哥本哈根的自行车实在太多了,这让哥本哈根成为了自行车的天堂。因此,paradise的意思是“天堂”相当于heaven。故选C。【考点】词义猜测题。

57.【答案】B

【解析】由第三段最后一句中的"for a city of about 600 000 people"可知,哥本哈根大约有600 000人。故选B。

【考点】细节理解题。

58.【答案】C

【解析】由倒数第三段第二句中的"About 12 000 people are moving to the city each year"可知,每年大约有12 000人迁往这个城市。因此,C项“每年大约有7 000人迁往这个城市”是错误的。故选C。

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【考点】细节理解题。

59.【答案】B

【解析】通读最后一段订知,几年前设立自行车管家来扶起歪倒的自行车,给自行车打气,给车链上油,通过这些来鼓励骑自行车的人正确停放自行车。故选B。

【考点】推理判断题。

60.【答案】A

【解析】通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了哥本哈根的自行车停放情况。故选A。

【考点】主旨大意题。

第四部分

第一节

61.【答案】这个研究也表明每年有800万吨的塑料废物被倒进海里。

62.【答案】Everyone should take part in saving the earth.

63.【答案】Clean water and green mountains are mountains of gold and silver. /There are no place like clean water and green mountains. /Clean water and green mountains are invaluable assets.

64.【答案】如果你打算在外面吃饭,带上你自己的筷子。

65.【答案】那可以帮助你避免使用塑料瓶。

第二节

66.【答案】A pilot.

67.【答案】In the hospital.

68.【答案】Four.

69.【答案】For 17 years.

70.【答案】Because the mother is really tired after a hard day's work and a little burnt biscuit could never hurt

anyone.

第三节

【答案】略

【解析】本篇书面表达是一封电子邮件,主要说明你对Sam送给你的礼物的感觉,介绍你回赠的礼物,邀请他来中国观看冬季奥运会。写作时,使用第一、三人称;时态使用一般现在时。注意要保证内容完整、布局合理清晰、行文连贯流畅、语言丰富准确、书写工整规范。

英语试卷第19页(共22页)

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2018年福建省中考英语A卷(含答案)

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初中毕业考试 英语试卷 第二部分 笔试部分 (90分) Ⅳ 单项选择 从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,找出可以填入相 --- Morning, teacher. ________. A. The same to you. B. You, too. C. Thank you. D. I ’m sorry I can ’t. 22. --- I don ’t think teenagers should drive cars. --- _______. They aren ’t serious enough. A. I agree B . I don ’t agree C. I think D. I don ’t think 23. ---If there are ______ people driving , there will be ______ air pollution. --- Yes, the air will be fresher. 。 A. less; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less 24. ---There are many volunteers ______ are helping the children in Sichuan. --- And most of them are college students. A. which B. when C. whose D . who 25. --- You always spend only a little time on your study. You really _____ me down. --- I ’m sorry, Mum. I won ’t do that again. A. take B. put C. let D. look 26. --- Can you_____ your little brother I’m busy now. --- OK. I’ll do it right now. A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in % 27. --- All the clerks went home _____ Mr. Wang. Why --- Because he had to finish his work. A. except B . besides C. without D. beside Some of the plastic bags can ’t ______ after June1. --- Yes, people will use environmental bags instead. A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used 29. ---_____you _____ out the problem, Sam --- Not yet, but I’m going to. A. Did, work B. Are, working C. Have, worked D. Will , work 30. --- Could you tell me _____ ; --- Because she likes her students very much.

2018济南中考数学试卷分析

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湖南省株洲市2018年中考物理试题(word版)

株洲市2018年初中学业水平考试 物理试题卷 时量: 90 分钟 满分:100分 一、单选题(本大题共12小题,每小题2分,共24分。在每小题的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求。) 1.(2018,湖南株洲)智轨列车融合了有轨电车和公共汽车的优势,零排放、无污染。智轨列车的动力系统在输出动力的过程中() A. 电能转化为机械能 B. 内能转化为机械能 C. 机械能转化为电能 D. 机械能转化为内能 答案:A 2.(2018,湖南株洲)木炭的热值为3.4×107J/kg,它表示1kg木炭() A. 具有3.4×107J的热量 B. 具有3.4×107J的内能 C. 完全燃烧对外做功3.4×107J D. 完全燃烧放出热量3.4×107J 答案:D 3.(2018,湖南株洲)下列现象中,与大气压无关的是() A. 用吸管吸饮料 B. 马德堡半球实验 C. 塑料吸盘“粘”在墙上 D. 拦河坝“下宽上窄” 答案:D 4.(2018,湖南株洲)在篮球比赛中,运动员对篮球没有做功的过程是() A. 运球 B. 扣篮 C. 擦板 D. 跳投 答案:C 5.(2018 A.两磁极间的磁场方向向左 B.线圈在磁场中切割磁感线 C.通过灯泡的电流方向不变 D.线圈一定不受磁场力作用 答案:B 6.(2018,湖南株洲)内有少量饮料的罐子可以斜放在水平桌面上保持平衡。下列四个图中,能正确表示饮料罐(含饮料)所受重力的示意图是()A 答案:A 7.(2018,湖南株洲)图为试电笔的结构及使用方法。下列说法正确的是() 笔卡 弹簧 笔尖电阻氖管 外壳 甲乙 B C D A N S

A .试电笔可以判断物体是带正电还是带负电 B .若氖管发光,说明人体成为了电流的通路 C .笔尖、电阻和氖管是导体,外壳、弹簧和笔卡是绝缘体 D .在两种使用试电笔的方法中,甲是正确的,乙是错误的 答案:B 8.(2018,湖南株洲)图为观察微小形变的装置。平面镜M 放置在水平桌面上,光源S 发出一束激光射到镜面上,经反射后在标尺上形成光斑P 。若在图示位置用力F 向下挤压桌面, 则( ) A .激光束的入射角增大反射角减小 B .激光束的入射角减小反射角增大 C .标尺上的光斑右移 D .标尺上的光斑左移 答案:C 9.(2018,湖南株洲)智能手机耗电达到一定量时,会自动提示用户采用“省电模式”,在这种模式下,可延长电池的供电时间,原因是( ) A. 降低了电池的输出电压 B . 减小了电池的输出电流 C. 减小了电子线路的电阻 D. 增大了电池的输出功率 答案:B 10.(2018,湖南株洲)燕子归巢时,沿图示虚线方向匀速滑翔。能正确表示这个过程中空气对燕子作用力方向的是( ) A. ① B . ② C. ③ D. ④ 答案:B 11.(2018,湖南株洲)图示电路中各元件完好,a 、b 、c 、d 、e 、f 为接线柱,将电压表接在其中两个接线柱上后,开 关闭合时,电压表示数为0;开关断开时,电压表有示数。则与电压表相连的两个接线柱可能是( ) A. a 和b B. c 和d C. a 和f D . e 和f 答案:D 12.(2018,湖南株洲)如图,两个小球1和2总是沿顺时针方向在同一圆周轨道(虚线所示)上运动,除碰撞外,它们的速度保持不变。某时刻,两球刚好运动到图示位置,a 、b 是直径的两端,此时球1的速度是球2的两倍。此后,这两个小球(设碰撞时间极短,碰撞后速度互换)( ) A .总是在a 点相碰 B .总是在b 点相碰 C .时而在a 点相碰,时而在b 点相碰 D .可以在圆周轨道上的任意位置相碰 答案:A 二、双选题(本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分。在每小题的四个选项中,都有两个符合题目要求。全部选对的得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分。) 13.(2018,湖南株洲)沏茶时,玻璃杯的杯壁上常会出现水雾,一段时间后,水雾又消失了。关于这种现象,下列说法正确的是( ) A .水雾出现在玻璃杯的外壁上 B .水雾出现在玻璃杯的内壁上 C . “出现水雾”是液化现象,“水雾消失”是汽化现象 a b c d e f 12 a b o ??3 2 4 1 ?P S M F

2018年中考物理试卷分析

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