高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式
倒装句
通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。
一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。
1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out,
away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.
Then followed three days of heavy rain.
Out rushed the children laughing loudly.
Away flew the plane.
2.such 位于句首。
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist.
注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前
1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。
They love making lots of friends; so do I.
2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。
Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.
3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time,
under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。
Not a single mistake did he make.
=He di dn’t make a single mistake.
4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only then did I begin to understand him.
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university.
5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood
Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。
1.感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
=How interesting a talk they had!
2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.
4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。
Young as /though he was, he was successful.
Child as /though he is, he knows much.
题组训练
1.Only when you can find peace in your heart you keep good relationships with others.
2.At no time they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
3.Only after Mary read her composition the second time she notice the spelling mistake.
4.---It’s so good. Never before I had such a nice meal!
---I am glad you like it.
答案：1. will 2. did 3. did 4. have
强调句
1.强调句型的陈述句形式：It is /was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物”时用that. 被强调部分不能为谓语定语。
It is I who/that am right（强调主语）
It was him that/who we met at the school gate.（强调宾语）
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.（强调状语）
2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
3.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分。
Who was it that broke the window?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
What is it that you want me to do?
4.有时可用It might be......that/who....,It must have been ......that/who....句型表示强调。
It might be his father that/who you’re thinking of.
It must have been his brother that/who you saw.
5.not.....until....结构的强调句型。
其强调句式为：It is /was not until +被强调部分+that+主句的肯定式
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her da rk glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
二对谓语动词的强调
It is /was ......who/that.....结构不能强调谓语动词。强调谓语动词，用助动词do, does或did加原形。
Do come this evening.
He did write to you last week.
Tom does study hard now.
三特殊疑问句中以“the devil”“on earth”“in the world”表“究竟；到底”之意来起强调的作用。
What on earth are you doing.？
题组训练
1.Was because Jack came late for school Mr. Smith got angry?
2.It only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
3.It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
4.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
答案：1.it; that 2.was;that 3.that 4.that
其他特殊句式
一省略与代替
（一）定语从句中的省略现象
限制性定语从句中宾语的关系代词that ,which, whom常可以省略。如She is the girl (whom/who/that) I would like to work with.
（二）状语从句中的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可以出现下列结构：
（1）连词（though, if, when等）+形容词
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
（2）连词（as if, while等）+介词短语
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
（3）连词（when, while, though）+现在分词
While （I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called.
（4）连词（when, if, unless, once, than等）+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
（5）连词（as if, as though等）+不定式
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to say something.
注：当主从句的宾语一致时，有时也可以这样省略。
如：Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.
2.当从句中的主语是it，谓语部分又含有be动词时，也可把it和be动词一起省略，构成“连词（if ,unless, when, whenever等）+形容词”的结构。
Make a careful plan if (it is) possible.
Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to t he dictionary.
（三）不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号to
1.代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,reuse,seem,tr y,want,wish等后面。
I asked him to see a film, but he didn’t want to.
2.在have, need, ought, be going, used 等后面
I didn’t want to go there,but I had to.
3.在某些形容词，如glad, happy, pleased, delighted 后面。
---Will you join in the game?
---I’d be glad to.
4. 否定形式的省略用not to.
---Shall I go instead of him?
---I prefer you not to.
（四）用so或not代替前面提到的句子。
1.在if条件句中，常用so/that代替前面提到的句子。
Get up early tomorrow. If not(=If you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then. If so (=If he is not at home),leave him a note.
2.think,hope,suppose,believe,imagine,be afraid, expect, guess等词后常用not代替否定句，so代替短语或从句。---She must look like a pretty girl.
---Yes, I imagine so.
---Is Professor Smith very sick?
---I’m afraid so.
---I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.
---Oh! I hope not.
He wanted to go with us, but he didn’t say so.
题组训练:将下列句子中的省略成分补全
1. He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.
2.When split, an atom can release energy.
3.They were scolded whenever late for school.
4.If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.
二祈使句
1.否定式和强调式
Don’t be so sure.(否定式）
Do be careful.(强调式）
2.祈使句+and+陈述句=If......,+主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not....,+主句
Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed.
Hurry up or we will be late.= If you don’t hurry up, we will be late.
题组训练：句型转换
1.Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
you work hard, you admitted to a key university.
2.If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for the bus.
you will be late for the bus.
三感叹句
1.What (+a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！
2.How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
3.How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语
What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!
What beautiful flowers they are!
How high the mountain is!
How fast he runs!
题组训练：用what ,how 填空
1.an interesting book it is !
2.interesting a book it is !
3.interesting books they are!
4.delicious food I had!
5.kind of you to help!
6.I wish I were a bird!
四there be 句型
1.there be 句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。be后面是主语，句子结尾是地点（时间）状语.
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
There will be a meeting in the conference room at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.
2. 如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be 与主语采用就近原则。
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.
3. there be 结构有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There was a meeting in our school yesterday.
There will be a new film show on Sunday.
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
There can’t be any mistakes in his passage.
4，there be 结构中的谓语动词be 有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
Once upon a time there lived a monk in the temple.
五反意疑问句
（一）陈述部分含有must/ may (might) 的反意疑问句
当must+do，用needn’t反问;当mustn’t +do时，其反意疑问句部分用must/may.
You must g o now, needn’t you?
You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you?
当must/may(might)+be表推测，去掉must/may/might 用be 和主语搭配反问，must have done有过去时间状语当过去时反问，否则当现在完成时反问。
You must/may (might) be hungry now, aren’t you?
You must have heard about it, haven’t you?
You must have heard about it just now, didn’t you?
（二）陈述部分含有used to 的反意疑问句
其反意疑问句部分用usedn’t 或didn’t 均可
You used to sleep with the window open, usedn’t /didn’t you?
（三）陈述部分含有ought to 的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t 均可
He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t /shouldn’t he?
（四）陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly ,scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?
（五）如果陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定形式。
Tom dislike playing tennis, doesn’t he?
It’s unfair,isn’t it?
（六）陈述部分带有宾语从句的反意疑问句
1. 宾语从句的反意疑问句，一般变主句
He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he?
Tom doesn’t believe Jane will succeed, does he?
2.但由I/ we think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine,引导宾从时，反意疑问句需变从句。注意否定前移。
I don’t believe he will succeed, will he?
（七）陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的反意疑问句部分不表示反意，而表示一种语气
1.否定祈使句，+will you?
2.肯定祈使句，+will/won’t you?
3.Let’s ...,+shall we?
4.Let us...,+will you?
5.Let+第三人称...+will you?
Open the door, will /won’t you?
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
Let us go home now, will you?
（八）there be 句型的反意疑问句
其反意疑问句部分用be/情态动词/助动词+there
There will be rain tomorrow, won’t there?
There should be no problem, should there?
（九）回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
1.不管陈述部分为否定，还是反意疑问句部分为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否
．．．．．．．．已．/．会发生
．．．。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。
2. 答案就两个，要么肯定，要么否定，不会出现类似Yes, I don’t 或No, I do 的形式。
前否后肯时，yes / no 反过来译。
（十）反意疑问句部分的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况
陈述部分主语反意疑问句部分主语例句
one（指人）one或he One can’t be careful enough, can he/one?
this ,that, these, those it 或they This isn’t a fast train, is it?
it Nothing happened to him, did it?
everything, anything, something,
nothing
he 或they（更常见）Nobody likes to be laughed at, does he/ do they? everyone, everybody, someone,
somebody, nobody, anyone,
anybody
不定式，动名词，其他短语it Learning English well takes us a lot of time, doesn’t it?
题组训练
1.---You haven’t been here long, have you?
--- . I am a newcomer here.
2. Neither you nor I have done such silly things, ？
3.What a long time we’ve been waiting ,?
4.Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,?
5.It must have rained last night, ?
6.John told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, ?
7.John ,you mop the floor, ?
8.Let’s have a break,?
9.Mr. Smith, let us have a break, ?
10.There is no doubt about it, ?
答案 1. No ,I haven’t 2.have we 3.isn’t it 4.does she 5.didn’t it 6.didn’t he
7.will /won’t you 8.shall we 9.will you 10.is there
特殊句式练习
练习一
1.Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.
2.Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
3.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
4.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
5.If (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
6.Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands.
7.Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
8.It was the culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
9.It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.
10.(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
11.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
12.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
13.(make) what you’re doing today important，because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
14.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police (not).
15.Every day (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
16.by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.
17.Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.
18.“Never for a second,” the boy says. “I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”
19.Not once it occur Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
20.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again.
21.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago he consider having a holiday abroad.
22.Little she care what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.
23.Never before he seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
24.This is not my story; nor it the whole story. My story plays out differently.
25.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
26.(knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.
27.Before you quit your job, (consider) how your family would feel about your decision.
28.Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down?
29.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work fast.
30.It is not what we do once in a while shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.
31.Bring the flowers into a warm room they’ll soon open.
32.Find ways to praise your children often, you’ll find t hey will open their hearts to you.
练习二
1.I have nothing to declare. What is it you want me to say?
2.So sudden (be) the train that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter.
3.The ground is wet all over, so I’m sure it must have rained last night, it?
4.It was in the park, where stands an old temple, we asked our guide to take a photo for the two of us.
5.These problems, if not properly (solve) ,will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nation’s future.
6.is the gravity of the situation that we can’t underline the importance of public attention enough.
7.Unjust the punishment was, he accepted it without any complaint.
8.Accustomed we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in
the full sense of the word, silent.
9.Mr. Mike didn’t understand what it was made his wife so upset this morning.
10.He switched off the light and was about to leave the classroom and only then it begin to rain heavily.
11.---David has made great progress recently.
---So he ,and have you.
12.---Was Bill, who played basketball very well, helped the blind man cross the road?
--- Yes, of course. He is always ready to help others.
13.They felt it was high tax and low income contributed to the extreme misery of the working people at the bottom of the ladder.
14.----Hi, Tom. Does John have any hobbies?
----- If , swimming will appeal to him most strongly.
15.John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither Henry.
16.-----It’s nice.before have I had such a special drink!
----- I’m glad you like it.
17.Absurd it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
18.---I like this dress better than that one.
--- do I, but it costs almost twice as much.
19.As is known to us, it was over 100 years ago Tsinghua University was founded.
20.Between the two generations, it is often not their age, but their education causes misunderstanding.
21.One of my favorite saying is, “(laugh) and the world laughs with you.”
22.Was it in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon?
23.I don’t think he could have finished writing his paper last night,he?
24.As far as I can see, is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
25.My daughter would like to have her photos taken where (lie) a lake.
26.Only then she realize how serious the situation had been.
27.Never before I seen such a wonderful park, where I’d like to pay a visit again.
28.For a moment nothing happened; then (come) cheers from the excited audience.
29.Not only Hunan TV’S reality show Dad, Where Are We Going received high praise, but also it has made the stars and their lovely kids more popular.
30.It is attitude matters much in daily work.
31.I have no idea why it is he will go there with her.
32.If parents never expect their children to be helpful at home, they are sure (be).
33.---Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation?
---Yes, possible, I’m go ing to visit my grandparents.
34.seems to be an intense competition among students to enter a key university.
练习三
Our school library, along with many other buildings，is very different from other schools. There ____ (be) two computer rooms，three art rooms，a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books ____ (be) large. It was 2,000,000 dollars all the books cost our school. It is such a large amount of money _________an average family can’t afford it, right? But in my view, it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion, many students have a thirst for knowledge.
Our library is also a multifunctional building. There are 500 computers in it. Many a student (surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John, are surfing the Internet. ________happy they are!
Look! A professor and writer (be) delivering a speech in the meeting room. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always (cheer) up. What lovely children they are! Enter our art room __________you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room. On the wall (be) about 500
pictures, which attract many students.
答案
练习一
1.did
2.did
3.that
4.that
5.accepted
6.left
7.keep
8.that
9.that 10.Observe 11.and 12.if 13.Make 14.not to 15.read 16. Only 17.did 18.did 19.did 20.will 21.did 22.does 23.has 24.is 25.that 26. Knock 27.consider 28.that 29.that 30.that 31.and 32.and
练习二
1.that
2.was
3.didn’t
4.that
5.solved
6. Such
7.as/though
8.as/though
9.that 10.did 11.has; so 12.it;that 13.that 14.any 15.has 16. Never 17.as/though 18. So 19.that 20.that 21. Laugh 22.that 23.did 24.there 25.lies 26.did 27.have 28.came 29.has 30. that 31. that 32. not to be 33. if 34. There
练习三
1.are
2.is
3.that
4.that
5.surfs
6. How
7.is
8.cheer/cheers
9.and 10. are
高考英语讲义 一．倒装 1. 全部倒装（将整个谓语部分放在主语之前） （1）在there be 句型中（其中be还可以换成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，lie，exist，come等动词），要全部倒装 Long long ago，there lived a king who liked horses very much. There are many people dancing in the square. There seems to have a concert in the hall tomorrow. There lies a snake along the lake. （2）such 放句首，句子全部倒装(注意主谓一致，以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复）Such was his life then. Such is what he wants. Such were her books. （3）以there，here，now，then，thus等引导的句子中，谓语动词常为be，come，go等，句子全部倒装 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Then came a new difficult question. There rings the telephone. （4）以down，up，out，away等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时，句子全部倒装(人称代词出现时，句子不倒装） Up went the arrow into the sky. In came the teacher. Away ran the dog. Out rushed the people from their house when the earthquake happened. In she came. Here you are. Out it ran. (人称代词出现，不倒装） （5）表地点的介词短语放在句首，句子要用倒装 In the classroom stays a girl. On the desk lies a book. 2. 部分倒装（将谓语中的助动词，情态动词，be动词放在主语之前） （1）only+状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）放在句首，谓语动词部分倒装 Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you solve the problem. Only when I came into the house did I recognize the man. 注：only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装 Only you can finish the work. （2）so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，句子部分倒装 So did I（我也是）和so he does（他确实是）的判断方法 〈1〉判断原句正负（肯定为正，否定为负） 原句为正用so开头，原句为负用neither或nor开头 〈2〉判断原句的be/助动词/情态动词（根据时态和人称确定） 〈3〉看人称所指一致不一致 人称所指一致，用正序；人称所指不一致用倒序
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sc ientist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He d idn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
初中文言文特殊句式归纳 一、倒装句。 倒装句有下面几种情况：①主谓倒装（谓语前置）；②定语后置（定语放在中心词之后）；③宾语前置（宾语置于动词谓语或介词之前）④状语后置，也叫介宾短语后置。如： 1、倒装句：尝贻余核舟一，原句应为：尝贻余一核舟。 2、又用篆章一，原句应为：又用一篆章。 3、盖简桃核修狭者为之，原句应为：盖简修狭桃核为之。 4、其两膝相比者……“相比”是中心词“两膝”的定语. 5、如：甚矣，汝之不惠！正常语序为：汝之不惠，甚矣！ 6、②居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。 7、①马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。（千里马） 8、②群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。（能面刺寡人之过之群臣吏民，受上 赏） 9、①每自比于管仲、乐毅，时人莫之许也。（时人莫许之） 10、②忌不自信,而复问其妾曰…… （忌不信自） 11、②全石以为底。（以全石为底 12、此所谓战胜于朝廷。 13、苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。 14、受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间。 15、起于鲁。 16、欲信大义于天下 17、战于长勺。 18、故临崩寄臣以大事。 19、蒙辞以军中事务多。 20、白雪纷纷何所似？ 21、微斯人，吾谁与归。 22、何陋之有？ 23、遂率子孙荷担者三夫。 24、为人五，为窗八。 25、予谓菊，花之隐逸者也。“花之隐逸者”是“隐逸之花”的倒装。可译为“具 有隐逸气质的花”。 26、“告之于帝 27、“躬耕于南阳 28、屠惧，投以骨。全句为“以骨投之”的倒装 29、祭以尉首 30、醒能述以文者：“述以文”是“以文述“的倒装 31、“托臣以讨贼兴复之效”是“以讨贼兴复之效托臣”的倒装
特殊句式集锦 1. It (all) depends:视情况而定 2. It ’s up to sb (to do sth):由某人决定（做某事） ——Shall we go to the art exhibition? ——It ’s up to you. 3. It ’s time ?? ?? ???++v) should （that sth do to sb for sth for sth do to 用过去时或从句 4. It is no use/good/point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用处/益处/意义/意思 It is no point arguing with him about it. 和他争论这事没有意义。 5. ? ????++??++”“： before It was ”：“ before be It will 过了多久才从句一段时间还得过多久才从句一段时间 It will be long before we meet each other again. 还要过很久我们才能再次见面。 It was two years before he came back from abroad. 过了两年后他才回国。 6. ? ????++??++”“： before t It wasn'”“： before be t It won'了不久以后就从句一段时间不多久就会从句一段时间 It won’t be bong before you realize the importance of learning English well. 7. It is /has been + 一段时间 + since 从句（过去时） 自从……以来有多久了 It is years since I enjoyed myself so much. 我有好多年都没有玩得这么开心了。 8. It is /was + 被强调成分 + that: 强调句型 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 昨天午夜我回到了家里。 9. It is/was + 时间 + when 从句。 it 指时间，作主语。 It was midnight when I got back home yesterday. 当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。 10. It + 特殊动词 + that 从句 （1）It happened that …… 碰巧…… It happened that I saw him at the meeting. 碰巧我在会议上见到了他。 （2）It occurred to sb that …… 某人突然想起 It occurred to me that I had several problems to solve. 我突然想起我还有几个亟待解决的问题。 （3）It impressed sb that …… ……令某人钦佩 It impresses me so much that you can still remember my name after these years. 这么多年以后你仍能记得我的名字真令我钦佩之至。 （4）It turned out that …… 结果是，原来是，证明是 It turned out that he was a thief. 原来他是个贼。 11. ”“ why s That' wonder No wonder no is It ???? ? ????? ??难怪 He hasn ’t slept for three nights. It is no wonder he is so tired now. 他有三夜没有睡觉了，难怪现在如此疲惫。 12. There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 There is no need to wait for him. 13.?? ?+主句 从句 doubt, without doubt that small no/little/ is There 毫无疑问，…… There is no doubt that she will win the game = Without doubt, she will win the game. 14. A is to B what C is to D. A 对于B 犹如C 对于D 。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。 15. Chances are that …… 很可能…… Chances are that he has already heard the news. 很可能他已经听到这个消息了。 16. ”“ by, going With time by,by/went goes time As ??? ?? ?? ?????，随着时间的推移 As time went by, I came to know how to use the computer. 随着时间的推移，我慢慢地知道了如何使用电脑。 17. the + 比较级 ……，the + 比较级 …… 越……，越就…… The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.. 你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。 18. “倍数”句型： B of n the is A (3)B than adj is A (2)B as adj as is A )1(?? ? ??+++++++++++++倍数比较级倍数倍数
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
高中英语语法需掌握的13个英语句型 1、as 句型 (1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……” 例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 (2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;否定式：not as/so --- as 例：He is as good a player as his sister.他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 (3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… 例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 (4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth如此……以致于…… 例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 (5) such...as... 象……之类的……(接名词或定语从句) 例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 (6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的……(接名词或定语从句) 例：He is not the same man as he used to be.他不是从前的那样子了。 (7) as 引导非限制性定语从句 例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。 (8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近 例：We get wiser as we get older.随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。 (9) 引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近 例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。 (10) 引导让步状语从句 例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。 2、prefer 句型 (1) prefer to do sth 例：I prefer to stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。 (2) prefer doing sth 例：I prefer playing in defence.我喜欢打防守。 (3) prefersb to do sth 例：Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗? (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth……宁愿…...而不愿... 例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去. (5) prefer doing sth to doing sth 例：I prefer watching football to playing it.我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。 (6) prefersth to sth 例：I prefer tea to coffee.我要茶不要咖啡。 3、when 句型 (1) be doing sth...when... 例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。 (2) be about to do sth ... when ... 例：We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。 (3) had just done ... when ... 例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. 在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。 4、seem 句型 (1) It +seems + that从句 例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.看来好像每个人都很满意。 (2) It seems to sbthat ... 例：It seems to me that she is right.我看她是对的， (3) There seems to be ... 例：There seems to be a heavy rain.看上去要有一场大雨。 (4) It seems as if ... 例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。
[必须收藏】高中英语特殊句式! 奇速在线教育：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2312781363.html, 特殊句式包含： A. there be 句型 B. 倒装句 C. 强调句 D. 省略句 E. 插入语 F. 分隔句式 A. there be 句型 1、there be 句型的意义：表示“某处有某物”。 2、there be 句型的时态there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ; 3、there be 句型的特殊用法： there be 不可与have 连用 there be 后的谓语动词遵循就近原则 there be 的反义疑问句为谓语动词+there there +具体的动词使表达更生动 there be 的非谓语动词为若前面的动词后是不定式时，就用there to be 若前面的动词后是v-ing 时，就用there being 4、there be 句型的固定搭配 there is no use / sense / point + v-ing there is no need +to do there is no doubt +that 从句 蔡章兵主编QQ757722345 二、部分倒装（高考考点） 1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置 2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装 3、“so（nor, neither）+助动词+ 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别 4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装 5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装 6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装 1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置，主语是代词时不倒装。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。 Clever as he is，he does n’t study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略 Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买它。 Try as she might, she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 =Although she try as she can, she failed . 2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装 表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,
高中英语语法大全 一、词类和句子成分 1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如： 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如： 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如： 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如： 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如： 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如： 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如： 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如： ※英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 主格I you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 形容词性my your his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 2、句子成分：8种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Sarah. 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room everyday. 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：She is beautiful. 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：He wrote me a letter. 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。如：Shanghai is a big city. 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、原因，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。 如：He is standing in the classroom. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company. 二、简单句 1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。 简单句五大句型 主谓：-I sleep. -In youth, we learn. 2）主谓宾：-I love books. 3）主谓+双宾：- Mary give me an apple. -直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词通常是物
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.