浙江大学远程教育学院
《英语写作》课程作业（必做）
姓名：杨徐学号：713129582006
年级：13春学习中心：浙大紫金港—————————————————————————————Unit 1: 段落和篇章知识（Paragraph and whole composition）必做题1.What is a paragraph?
Anwser:
Writing of any length requires subdivision into a number of points or stages, and these stages are expressed in a paragraph. Paragraphs, whether denoted by a new line and an indentation or a line break, provide a structure for your writing. The end of a paragraph represents a significant pause in the flow of the writing. This pause is a signpost to the reader, indicating that the writing is about to move on to a different stage. Each paragraph should deal with one idea or aspect of an idea, and it should be clear to the reader what this main idea is
2.What is a paragraph made up of?
Anwser:
Paragraph is made up of a group of sentences which altogether express a controlling idea or central idea. It includes topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The paragraph is the basic unit of a composition
3.What are the features of an effective paragraph?
Anwser:
l It focuses on one major idea. This major idea is called the topic sentence.
2 It provides enough details to develop the idea. An effective paragraph does not waste the reader’s time. It doesn’t start something without finishing it. It contains enough specific details to enable the reader to understand the writer’s point.
3 It is sensibly organized: An effective paragraph does not bore the reader. It is organized so the reader has no tro uble following the writer’s progression of thought—so the reader can see three parts in a paragraph—1) the topic sentence; 2) supporting details, and 3) the concluding sentence.
4.What is the topic sentence and why is it important?
Anwser:
A topic sentence is a brief statement of the subject of the paragraph. It is very important because it determines the content of the whole paragraph. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.
5.Which sentence is the topic sentence in the following paragraph?
My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized.
Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate.
Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue. Anwser:
My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others.
6.The following topic sentences are not good ones, try to make them
better.
●There is much to say about any problem.
●Time is money
●He found an old book in our library last Thursday afternoon Anwser:
1 There is much to say about the problem of unemployment.
2 It is a shame to waste time in college years.
3 One of his interests is to spend time in libraries.
7.What are the requirements of a good topic sentence?
Anwser:
1 A good topic sentence presents both a subject and an attitude toward that subject.
2 A topic sentence only states one fact or one opinion.
3 the topic should be neither too abstract nor too specific.
4 Furthermore it is better to be placed at the beginning of the paragraph.
8.What are the requirements of supporting details?
Anwser:
l Supporting details deal with different aspects of a topic sentence.
2 supporting details never say things that are irrelevant to the topic sentence.
3 supporting details should be developed naturally and logically from one to another.
4 each supporting detail should not be either too long or too short.
9.What is the concluding sentence?
Anwser:
The concluding sentence is the restatement of the topic sentence. It usually summarizes the idea of the whole paragraph and to open doors to the next paragraph. Therefore, a concluding sentence of a paragraph is supposed to be the link between the two paragraphs.
10.What is a composition made up of? What is the function of each
part?
Anwser:
1) Most, if not all, compositions are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end.
2) The beginning ( the introduction) rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention to the subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information.
The middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to put forth.
The end ( the conclusion ) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influence the reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequence s of the argument.
11.How many ways can you write your introduction ?
Anwser:
A quotation \ Figures or statistics\A question or several questions. \The time and place of the event to be described\Relevant background material \An analogy \ A definition
Unit 2: 记叙文和论说文（Narration and argumentation）必做题
1.What are narrate and narration?
Anwser:
To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems. Narration, in its broadest sense, is any account of an event or series of events. When it is defined simply, narration is the telling of a trued or imaginary story.
How many types of narration ?
Anwser:
Matter-of-fact Narration : It is an exact account of what happened. In this kind of account the facts are stated in chronological or time order. Narration with plot: this kind of narration is used to tell a story so it includes enough details for clearness and some description to make the story vivid. It often follows a chronological order with one action after another as it happened and developed in original experience. It mainly includes travel account , news , biography , diary , essay , anecdote , adventurous personal experience , historic events , epitaph
2.What aspects should you consider when you plan a narration? Anwser:
Purpose: when a writer begins to narrate, there must be a purpose in his mind for writing. He should choose enough details and design the plot of his narration carefully in order to let others to understand what he wants to express clearly.
Organization: Events in a narration are usually related in the order in which they occur. That is to say, it is written in chronological order. But sometimes it is also possible to start from the middle or from the end of the narration with the event that is most important to arouse the interest of the reader and then go back t the beginning by using flashbacks. Generally, a narration is made up of three parts: a beginning, a middle part and an end. There is no need to make a concluding paragraph when the story is clearly told and comes to the end naturally. However, sometimes, it is necessary to add one or more paragraphs about the significance of the story or about what happens afterwards.
Context: In narrative writing, it should be often made clearly at the beginning that “ when” “where” and “to whom” the action in the narration happened, which provides with a context,or circumstances to the reader so as to help him to understand the whole narration. ¨Selection of details: In order to help the reader know what is happening, the writer should offer enough details. But, there should not be too many details. To highlight the development of narration, the useful and effective things are only relevant details or things that contribute to bring out the main ideas of the narration
3.What is an argumentation?
Anwser:
An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research
4.What is the organization of an argumentation?
Anwser:
Title\ Introduction: Thesis statement\ Body Paragraphs\Constructing Topic Sentences\Building Main Points\Countering the Opposition\ Conclusion
5.What is a thesis statement?
Anwser:
1 The most important sentence in your paper
2 Lets the reader know the main idea of the paper
3 Answers the question:“What am I trying to prove？”
4 Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper
6.What is the role of the thesis statement?
Anwser:
1 The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.
2 The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.
3 A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending upon the purpose or argument of the paper
7.Write a composition on the following topic.
How Do People Keep Healthy
The Best Way to Stay Healthy
As the living standard improves more and more people are paying attention to their health conditions. Different people usually have different ways to stay healthy. In my opinion, the most important thing is to keep a healthy attitude toward life. It is true that physical factors affect one’s health conditions a great deal, but at the same time, we should not neglect the mental factors. Many scientific researches have shown that anger, suspicion and envy do great harm to human bodies while being optimistic can cure some small diseases. We have also heard of many people who live much longer than doctors’ prediction after they have been diagnosed incurable diseases. That is, because they keep a good mood and struggle with the difficulties in life. Compared with those people who suffer serious physical pain, we healthy people are much more lucky and therefore have more reasons to maintain a healthy attitude to life no matter what kind of hardship
life may give us. People use all kinds of methods to keep healthy because they want to live happily. Then in my point of view, there is no other way than keeping a healthy attitude toward life can make people happier or more healthy, both physically and mentally .
9. Write another composition on the following topic
Should Raising Pets be Banned?
Should Raising Pets be Banned?
With the steady growth in the country’s economy as well as the people’s living standard, a great many city dwellers take up the hobby of keeping pets. To their mind, pets bring great happiness and fun to their life. In reality, pets have become a member of the pet owner’s family. However, recently this phenomenon has triggered a heated discussion as to whether city people should be allowed to raise pets. There are people on both sides of the argument who have very strong feelings. The pet lovers claim that raising a pet benefits us a lot. First of all, a pet is a faithful and obedient companion to its owner. Pets are affectionate and cute. Secondly, they possess the inborn ability to entertain people, providing a rich source of pleasure and fun. They help people rid their loneliness and ease the tense life pressure. Moreover, keeping a pet does good to childr5en’s psychological development, because it teaches children how to care for others and how to appreciate life while helping them to cultivate a strong sense of responsibility. Pets also have some practical uses. They can be a loyal companion, a doorkeeper or a guide dog. In some special cases, pets even act as the protector and savior of the owner. In a word, there are many advantages to keeping a pet at home. On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly condemn this hobby. From their point of view, pets bring far more harm than good to us city dwellers. To begin with it is a costly and time-consuming hobby. You have to accommodate them, care for them and spend time with them. How can a bustling city person afford that? Moreover, it is very dirty. They litter everywhere and may carry some fatal viruses, which are great threats to human health. They even spread some infectious diseases to their owners and sometimes even those people around the. Last of all, they are troublemakers to the neighborhood. Some pet dogs or cats enjoybarking or miaowing at midnight, which is an irritating disturbance to the neighbors. Pets may sometimes attack neighbors and passers-by. On some occasions, they cause some damage to other’s property. On any accounts, they are unwelcome and troublesome. Just as the saying goes, “so many people, so many minds”, it is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. As far as I am concerned, it is advisable not to keep a pet in a city,because this hobby brings us more drawbacks than merits.If there were too many pets running on the streets, baking at night, lettering everywhere better give up this hobby for the common good.
Unit 3: 说明文和描写文（Exposition and description）必做题
1.What is an exposition?
Anwser:
Should Raising Pets be Banned? Exposition means explaining or expounding something, the
purpose of which is to inform or instruct, to make the reader understand what he reads. It is a kind of writing that is used often by a scientist, a specialist, a professional or a college student. In expository writing, the writer may present a concept, a process or a fact, and explain it by using the ways of listing the elements or steps, which make up the concept, the process or the fact. It deals with processes and relationships mainly.
2.What are the common methods of writing an exposition?
Anwser:
a) Illustration by example
b) Division and classification: The purpose of division is to divide a thing into parts and it is used to deal with one thing.
c) Classification is used to organize things sharing certain qualities and the purpose of which is to group these things systematically.
d) Comparison and contrast: a comparison means the way to explain how things are similar; but contrast explains how tings are different.
e) Cause and effect: it means a piece of expository writing which shows or explains the cause and effect of something.
f) Definition: it means the way that a writer uses when he wants to introduce to the reader a new and unfamiliar term or concept.
3.What is a Description?
Anwser:
Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene
4.Write a composition on the following title:
My favorite Color
When referring to colors, we have certain aspects of them. For instance, red may stand for passion, white for peace and purity, black for mystery, and so on. As far as I am concerned, blue is my favorite color, and there are a brief story and reasons behind it.
The story could be traced back to my childhood. At the age of 8, I received a gift from my dear grandparents who paid their first overseas visit to Japan. It was a blue Mickey Mouse watch. The watchband was made of leather dyed in navy blue, and the watchcase was also of navy stainless with inside a cute navy-uniformed Mickey Mouse whose hands pointed at the hours and minutes. At that time, about 22 years ago, this kind of watch was rare and Mickey Mouse seemed to me a fairytale which I could only imagine instead of possessing the real object; therefore, every time I put the watch on, I gained jealousy from my peer and classmate s. In other words, this behavior satisfied my childish vanity then. However, since it was a delicate and beautiful watch, I seldom put it on. On one rainy evening, my younger sister, Wen-fang, had a serious fever. Having decided to ta ke her to see a doctor, my mother had my brother on her back, held my other 2 sisters’ hands and asked me to embrace my sick young sister, and we walked half an hour to the clinic. After coming home, I found my Mickey Mouse watch disappeared. I hurried to seek for my lost watch
in the exact path that we walked through, but couldn’t find it. I was quite sad about it, but fortunately, my sister soon recovered under the doctor’s treatment. Till now, I still remember that lost blue watch vividly and from then on, I made a special and favorable impression on blue. Moreover, it is magical that blue sky and blue sea have enchanting and amazing power over me. Whenever I am depressed, I especially enjoy looking up the blue sky and if it is allowed, I like going to se e the deep blue oceans as well. It’s a great relief to see the blue color, and it really soothes my nerves. Under this enormous blue vault, I, myself, and my depression are too tiny to be compared to it; the peaceful deep blue seas with the touchable melody of which the waves compose is the best cure for my unhappiness or sadness. To sum up, my definition of blue stands for relief and freedom of soul.
Though some may consider blue is a sign of gloom, since I am an optimistic and independent person, when I am blue, I will tell myself to look on the bright side instead of including myself into being over sorrowful. I favor blue for its fine distinction and definition as mentioned above. Hence, I consider that no other colors are more suitable to me than blue.
5.Write a composition on the following title ：
The Pet I Kept
Many people have an experience of raising a pet. They may have different feeling and sensations towards their pets. No matter how they feel, the same feeling of having a pet is love. People treat their pets with love and the pets also spend their whole lives companying with their masters. When we have pets, we have to take care and love them. Therefore, keeping a pet is not a tough work but as a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient. I kept a dog as a pet when I was in elementary school. Its name was “little white” because it was white in color. I got the puppy from my classmate because there were too many dogs after his mother-dog reproduced. He wanted me to pick up one from 7 puppies. I choose “little white” because it has a pair of beautiful and bright eyes and a very cute face. I happily brought it home and cleaned it and fed with milk. From that
moment, the puppy became one of my family members. Few months later, when it grew up, it became a big dog with a short month, sharp teeth, bright eyes, a small black nose, fox-like ears and a feather duster-like tail. It had bad temper and was interested in biting anything, especially people. I was been one of the victims. Although it got a terrible temper, it gave me the unforgettable and happy moments during my childhood. After possessing “little white”, I could have a little realization about how difficult of being parents. The puppy could have faces anywhere in the house and I got to clear them up. The defecation smelt bad and made me feel vomitive. Every time after I cleaned the feces, I shout to the puppy to release my bad emotion of cleaning the stink shit. Besides, I had to catch the fleas, which are too small to be caught on the puppy. Moreover, I had to clean the puppy regularly. The puppy was so hated to be scrub that it ran away when it heard “taking washing”. Therefore, every time I had to chase the dog on the street and catch it back and then tie it up and give a rinse. Thus, cleaning dog is not only a hard work but also an exhausted exercise. However, having a pet did not mean having a trouble. Sometimes, a pet can play an important role in our mental health. For example, when I was in bad mood, the puppy became my royal listener and stayed with me and
never could not “complain” because it could not speak “human language” to grumble at me.
When I was in good mood, I played with the dog and shared my happiness through having good time on the playground or giving some special abundant meals. On the contrary, the dog also had its own emotions and would have many special method of expressing its feeling. For instance, when “little white” was in good mood, it would ask me to play with it by “throwing” its “toys”, such as the fake bones or some clothes it liked to sleep with. Also, the “little white” had emotional reactions and would show its feeling on face. When the dog was happy, it would not only shake its tail but also “smile”. When the dog felt bored, it would ask me to play with it by biting my pants. When the puppy wanted to go out for fun, it would scratch the door and bark. When the dog was hungry, it would bark like “begging”. Although the puppy could not talk, it also could express its fee ling through many ways. In addition, the “little white” was also the security guide of family because of its “sharp nose, ears, and bad temper”. The dog almost barked at and bit anyone who tried to get into my house, including our friends, classmates, neighbors, visitors, and even the passerby except my family. Therefore, when the visitors came, we had to catch the “little white” and locked it into the “toilet” until the visitor left. After a long time, all my friends knew that I had a very bad temper dog.
As a result, keeping a pet is not a tough work but a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient. After raising a dog, I not only learn how to take care of a dog but also realize that “little white” as a pet is a life, which has feelings and thought as human did and spends all its life with me, and depends on me, and trusts me. Therefore, I shall cherish the relation between us.
Unit 4: 实用文（Practical writings）必做题
1.What aspects should you pay attention to when you design a cover
letter?
Anwser:
Whether mailing or hand-delivering a resume, always include a short covering letter. The following aspects you should especially pay attention to:
Address your letter to an individual, not to a title alone. . Although you may address your resume to Mr. Patrick Burns, Marketing Manager, don't address your letter (or envelope) to Marketing Manager. The employer may conclude that, because you were unable or unwilling to search out his actual name, you will demonstrate an equal lack of initiative on the job. He may be instinctively more sympathetic to the applicant who uses his correct name.
Stipulate the type of job you are applying for. If you don't mention the specific job or type of work, it implies that you are simply looking for "work." If so, you may not be the interested, motivated, and dedicated individual that the employer is looking for. Tell also what caused you to apply, whether an advertisement, the recommendation of a friend who works there, etc, or your own research, etc. Be direct and to the point. Don't waste the employer's time.
Be specific and factual. Mention any personal characteristics that may be relevant to the opening. Be specific and factual. Avoid generalities and exaggeration. Back up any claim modestly and succinctly. .
Be direct and natural. Write as if you were speaking face to face to the employer. Avoid
ostentation. Stay clear of complicated grammar.
Be brief. Keep the letter to one page.
Propose a next step (e.g., a meeting).
Tailor your letter to different readers. Although you may want to send the same resume to all employers, you probably should vary the covering letter somewhat in order to emphasize different interests or strengths. Certain of your qualifications may be of more importance to one employer than to another.
2.Write on Answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the
following situation:
You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman.
Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.
Dear Jack,
I have heard that you want to sell your walkman. You know, I want tobuy a used walkman in order to do some listening practice. I want to know if your walkman functions well. And I offer 200 yuan to buy it. Please give me some detailed information about it as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely
3.Write a business letter to your customer to talk about the price your
company offers to buy his/her computers. You think that the price he/she offers is too high and you think that 5800 RMB for each computer is better for both sides. Now write a business letter to express this intention. Pay attention to the form of a business letter. Dear Editor: --------- Salutation
I read in Newsweek (September 14, 1987) that an updated second edition of the unabridged Random House Dictionary of the English Language is being published. I would be very grateful if you could give me some information on where and how I can get a copy of the dictionary and if there is a less expensive edition than the one described.
Thank you for any help you can give me.
Yours Sincerely
4.Suppose now you are a freshman (大一学生) in a college. You want to
have a part-time job. Yet your parents don’t agree with you and urge you to focus your time and energy on your study. Now write a letter no less than 150 words to tell them the importance and value of part-time job to a college student, ensure them that you can balance your study and the part-time job well, and therefore persuade them to agree with your choice at last.
Pay attention to the form of a letter: the heading, the salutation,
complementary ending , and make your letter as powerful as
possible.
Dear Mr. Smith:
I read in Newsweek (September 14, 1987) that an updated second edition of the unabridged Random House Dictionary of the English Language is being published. I would be very grateful if you could give me some information on where and how I can get a copy of the dictionary and if there is a less expensive edition than the one described.
Keep well. Sincerely yours
Why do students cheat? It is a rare individual who actively chooses to be dishonest. But why do a few students make compromising choices? What can lead people to act in ways that they aren't proud of? Below are some underlying beliefs and confusions which students at Carnegie Mellon give as explanations for slipping standards of integrity. A Victimless Crime? Students generally are familiar with the disciplinary actions and penalties for getting caught. However, they may fail to understand that one of the personal consequences of cheating and/or plagiarism is that they aren't actually learning or practicing the material. They may not realize that they will actually need and be accountable for certain knowledge and skills. Instructors may not explain the personal consequences and loss of trust that accompany academic dishonesty if they are focused mainly on stating the procedures and punishments related to academic disciplinary actions. They may not tell students how dishonesty damages their trust in a stude nt and his or her work which can affect a student’s ability to get a strong recommendation for employment or graduate school. It's a "Dog-Eat-Dog" University Students and their families often have very high expectations about grade achievements because they are accustomed to getting As. More pressure comes from the emphasis on grades in hiring and graduate admissions. Some students may feel pressured to develop unorthodox means to get competitive and marketable credentials. Instructors sometimes evaluate the performance of one student against the performance of others instead of measuring each student's achievement with respect to specified criteria. If students must compete with other students to get one of a limited number of As, they begin to look for ways to "get ahead." If Everyone Else Jumped in a Lake . . . Students sometimes view cheating as a necessary, not totally unacceptable method for academic survival. If they believe that "everyone cheats sometimes," they may not seriously ask themselves, "Why shouldn't I?" Professors and teaching assistants do not always confront suspected breaches of academic integrity. If they perceive that others do not pursue the formal process or that it is difficult to prove a breach has occurred, instructors may decide not to talk directly with students about potential problems. Instructors may no report an incident from their course believing that the student has “learned their lesson” but with no official record of the incident there is no way of knowing whether the student had cheated before or cheats again. Too Much Work, Too Little Time? Students often have multiple assignments due on the same day and in some courses may have only a few opportunities to demonstrate what they know. Cheating can be a tempting path when they
浙江大学远程教育学院 《消费者行为学》课程作业（选做） 姓名：学号： 年级：学习中心：————————————————————————————— 第一章绪论及影响消费者行为的因素体系 1.学习消费者行为学有什么意义？ 答：第一是有助于提高宏观经济决策水平，改善宏观调控效果，促进国民经济协调发展；二是有助于企业根据消费者需求变化组织生产经营活动，提高市场营销活动效果，增强市场竞争能力；三是有助于消费者提高自身素质，科学地进行个人消费决策。 2.从哪些方面可以反映消费者行为研究的多样性？ 答：研究角度趋向多元化；研究参数趋向多样化；研究方法趋向定量化。 第二章消费者心理、个性特征、态度与消费者行为 1、认识过程--是消费者心理过程的起点和第一阶段，也是消费者行为的主要心理基础。各种消费心理与行为现象，诸如消费动机的产生，消费态度的形成，购买过程中的--比较选择---等，都是以对商品及服务的---认识过程---为先导的。2通过感觉，消费者才能取得进一步认识商品的必要材料，形成知觉、记忆、思维、想像等较复杂的心理活动。 3、-差别阈限是指感觉器官辨别变化或辨别两种刺激之间差别的能力。 4、消费者对于某种商品或服务的认识，同样不是简单地由各个感觉器官分别得 来的，而是依赖于--知觉----的作用。 5、消费者在从事消费活动时，不断接受来自商品本身、广告宣传等的刺激，这 种刺激如果超过消费者所能承受的限度，就会引起相反的--心理体验-----，产生---逆反心理----。 第三章消费者的需要、购买、满意与忠诚 1、消费需要包含在人类一般需要之中，消费者的需要总是针对能满足自身-生理 ---或--心理---缺乏状态的物质商品而言的。 2、在商品社会中，消费需要具体体现为---商品---和-劳务----的需要。 3、就消费者个体来说，--消费需要--反映了消费者某种生理或心理体验的缺乏状 态，并直接表现为消费者对获取以-劳务---或---商品--形式存在的消费对象的要求和欲望。 4、消费需要结构的多样性主要表现在哪些方面？请举例说明。 答：多样性主要表现在三个方面：其一是对同一类商品的多种需要。人们往往要求某一商品除了具备某种基本功能外，还要兼有其他的附属功能。羽绒服首先是
《美学》课程作业答案（必做） 第一编判断题 1. 对。审美趣味的选择取决于美学观念。 2.错。黄金分割律是指最佳的分割比率。 3. 错。贺拉斯提出了寓教于乐。 4.错。这个观点是柏拉图的。 5 错。在西方，表现论是近代才有的观点。 6. 错。费希纳才是现代美学之父。 7 错。鲍姆加敦首先提出了Aesthetics 的概念，成为美学之父。 8 错。学术著作不应用审美范畴来形容。9 错。费希纳“自下而上”的代替“自上而下” 。 10错。格林伯格的主要研究领域是美术（或绘画）。11.错。罗兰?巴尔特神话分析的主要对 象是当代文化现象，即“今日神话” 。 简答题 1、简述亚里士多德的美学观点。亚里士多德的艺术理论可以归结为三点。 A、艺术是积极的摹仿。 B、多样统一，有机整体说。C悲剧理论。 2、简述鲍姆加敦的主要美学命题“感性认识的完善” A、这儿的感性认识是指与理性认识平行的审美能力 B、感性认识是对个别的认识 C、审美 不是对象本身的一种性质，它具有主观性D、这个命题既是指感性认识的完善，又是指凭感性认识到的完善 第二编判断题 1 错。儒家美学思想的最大特点是美与善的结合。道家美学思想的最大特点才是美与自然的结合。 2 错。道家美学思想最大特点是把美与自然结合在一起。3对。道家主张自然或道是 美的根源，而人为的东西只能破坏美。4错。“尽善尽美”是儒家的美学观点。5错。乐记认 为禽兽只能听到声响。 6 对。“言有尽而意无穷”是崇尚“韵” 、“味”、“神”审美倾向在诗歌中的表现。 简答题 1简述孔子与善相结合的美学理想。答案要点：A作为社会和谐整体组成部分的美。B作 为内心修养的审美。 C 尽善尽美的艺术理想。 D 温柔敦厚的诗教。 E 中和之美的理想。 2、简述苏轼自然至上的美学理念。答案要点：A艺术风格一一萧散简远，恬淡自然。B艺 术目标——辞达而已。 C 通达自然的途径——得理、得妙。 第三编判断题 1 错。美学研究的对象是审美现象，美只是审美现象中的一种。 2 错。美学是一种学术形态，“美学价值”不适合用于形容艺术作品。 3 错。除了美，审美价值还有很多种。4 错。美学是一种学术形态，“美学价值”不适合用于形容艺术作品。 5 错。天然的事物不 属于艺术范畴。 6 错。艺术是一种活动，而艺术品是一种人工产品。7 错。使人赏心 悦目是优美的审美价值8错。悬念使戏剧性得以凸显9 错。悲剧和美是两种不同的 审美范畴，互相不宜作为对方的修饰词10对。悲剧就是对价值毁灭的表现11错。喜剧的概念大于滑稽，滑稽只是喜剧的一部分12 错。只有令人感兴趣的丑才是有审美 价值的13错。卓别林创造的主要电影形象是喜剧性的 1 4对。自嘲是把自己的 无害的荒谬性放在被观察的位置。 简答题 1 为什么说“美学是研究美的”是一种误解？2、什么是审美现象，它有哪几个要点？3、审美现象最重要的两个要素是什么？它们与其他诸要素的有什么关系？4、简要说
My favorite sport My favorite sport is football. In my spare time I play football with my friends in the playground, we are very excited. I like football basically has the following three reasons. First of all, it can let me have a stronger body. Once again, Football is a team sport. This will make our friendship stronger. The last, Football will let me have the confidence to overcome the difficulties in study and life. I like to watch football live, Emotional moment will shout and cry. I hope one day can go to the scene to watch a football game. It will be one of my happiest things. 英语范文 Sport and I Sports benefit me in many ways. Firstly, sports call can make me fit and strong physically. When taking part in sports, I get the chance to train almost all parts of our bodies. In addition, sports call can maintain my psychological well being, whenever I'm in low spirit taking part in sports can help me forget my
《中国文学（2）》 一、填空（每格1分，共34分） 1、“沈宋”是武则天时期沈佺期、宋之问这两位诗人的合称，他们对唐诗的贡献，主要是在 声律方面。 2、孟浩然是盛唐山水田园诗派的著名诗人之一，诗歌风格平淡。 3、中唐“新乐府运动”成就最突出的是白居易，其他参加者还有元稹张籍王建等。 4、“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为文而作”是白居易在《与元九书》中提出的。 5、“无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来。”这是晏殊《浣溪纱》中的名句。 6、南宋初吕本中作《江西诗社宗派图》，首列黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义三人，江西诗派之名从此确立。 7、北宋词人周邦彦，字美成。他精通音律，能自度曲。他的词集名《片玉词》。 8、陆游与杨万里范成大、尤袤合称“中兴四大诗人”。其中杨万里的诗幽默诙谐，想象丰富新颖，语言自然活泼，被称为“诚斋体”。 9、“辛派词人”主要有陈亮刘过刘克庄等，词风粗犷，形成了南宋中叶以后声势最大的爱国词派。 10、元杂剧的通例是一本四折，但《西厢记》作了革新，全剧共五本二十一折。 11、马致远的小令天净沙被誉为“秋思之祖”。其中，前三句九种景物构成了“鼎足对”。 12、明代为文提倡“童心说”的是李贽；而追求“幽深孤峭”风格的则是钟惺谭元春。 13、清初顾炎武倡天下兴亡，“匹夫有责”之说；而《明夷待访录》的作者是黄宗羲。 14、李渔的《闲情偶寄》是一部著名的戏曲论著。 二、名词解释（任选4题，每题4分，共16分） 1、初唐四杰指初唐诗人王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。他们在唐诗开创时期，对开拓诗歌的思想内容与题材领域、格律的形成方面都起了积极的作用 2、花间词人五代后蜀赵崇祚选录了温庭筠、皇甫松、韦庄等十八家的词为《花间集》，他们的词题材狭窄，多写妇女的服饰、体态、闺情，在词风上大体一致，香软柔靡，后世因称为花间词人。 3、苏门四学士、指苏轼门下的黄庭坚、张耒、晁补之、秦观。他们受苏轼影响，却也各有自己特长。其中黄庭坚的诗和秦观的词成就较高。 4、义法说由清代桐城派的奠基者方苞提出。方苞认为：“义即易之所谓‘言有物’也，法即‘言有序’也，义以为经，而法纬之，然后为成体之文。”方苞的“义”指文章要阐发封建伦理观念，“法”是指词语、章法等形式的要求。 5、新红学《红楼梦》的研究已成为一种专门的学问——“红学”。学术界习惯把“五四”时期以胡适、俞平伯为代表的对《红楼梦》的研究称为“新红学”。他们把《红楼梦》看成是曹雪芹的自叙传，是“情场忏悔之作”。 三、简答题（任选3题，每题6分，共18分） 1、“君不见沙场征战苦，至今犹忆李将军。”这是高适《燕歌行》中的结句。这样结尾有何好处？ 李将军身先士卒，体恤部下，深得将士爱戴；而本诗中的将军恃宠骄纵，不恤士卒。这样的古今对比，表明了作者对“美人帐下犹歌舞”的将军的批判，更深化了作品的主题。 2、“蓬莱文章建安骨，中间小谢又清发”（李白《宣州谢脁楼饯别校书叔云》）两句意指什么？ 两句意谓称赞李云的诗文具有建安风骨，像著名诗人谢脁那样清新秀发。（或谓李云文章得建安风骨，下句自比为谢朓。） 3、《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘的形象有何意义？ 杜丽娘生于名门望族，她为情而死，也就是受礼教的压抑和摧残而死，后又因情死而复生，还魂人间，最终迫取家长、社会的承认，宣告了“情”对“礼”的最终胜利，表现出一个勇敢坚强的女性为获得婚姻自由的斗争精神。杜丽娘的形象，成为冲破封建束缚、渴望个性自由的艺术象征。 4、纳兰性德词的主要特点是什么？ 纳兰性德的词直抒胸臆，善用白描，语言自然，情致深婉，风格颇近李煜。其词多写离愁别恨，悼亡怀旧之情。 四、论述题（每题16分,共32分） 1、请述韩愈《张中丞传后叙》的主要写作特色。 1、本文是韩愈读了李翰所写的《张巡传》后，感到有所不足，用来补叙张巡、许远、南霁云等人守卫睢阳的英勇事迹和其他轶事，因此名为“后叙”。歌颂英雄人物的功绩和气节，驳斥朝中小人的谬论；议、叙结合，褒贬分明，选材典型，人物形象栩栩如生。 ⑴本文的写作特色：本文最大特色是议论与叙事并重，前半部分侧重于议论，针对诬蔑许远的错误论调进行驳斥，在驳斥中补叙许远事迹。后半部分侧重于叙事，着重记叙了南霁云的动人事迹，并补叙张巡、许远的其他事迹。
大学英语专业英语写作 试卷 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Answer Sheet I . Rewrite the following titles according to general rules: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. Identify the figures of speech employed in each of the following sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. III. Sentence identification A. Identify sentences as simple, compound, complex or compound-complex. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. Identify sentences as loose, periodic, or balanced: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IV. Rewrite the following according to the requirements listed in the brackets: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
V. Read the following, identify the mistakes and rewrite the sentences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. VI. The following sentences are given in a wrong order. You are required to reorganize these sentences into a coherent paragraph by putting the numbers of these sentences into their correct order. The correct order: VII. Choose the most suitable topic sentence for each paragraph. 1. 2. 3. VIII. Choose from the following transitional expressions and put them in the blanks in the paragraphs. 1. 2. 3. 4. IX. Writing I. Rewrite the following titles according to general rules. (5 points, 1 point for each) 1. approaches to teaching english as a foreign language 2. what can the artist do in the world of today 3. hit-and-run accidents 4. best ways to say I love you 5. where i lived, and what i lived for
班级姓名学号成绩Write an essay on the title of The Job I would like to Have in 200 words: (70 points) Your composition should use examples to explain your view point. Outline: 1. Your view point: state which kind of job you consider ideal. 2. Your examples to explain your point. 3. The ending.
班级姓名学号成绩Write a classification/ division essay on the title of What We Want From Website in 200 words: (70 points) (1) Choose an appropriate principle of classification/ division suited to your essay. (2)Choose the examples which can illustrate your points. (3) Conclusion.
班级姓名学号成绩Write a first-person narrative on the title of the Experience I will Never Forget in 200 words: (70 points) Remember that a narrative has a plot with a beginning, a middle and an end, and you have learned the 5 aspects in a narrative, try to arrange them in a right order.
离线考核 《语文学科教学论》 满分100分 一、论述（每小题10分，共30分。） 1.试分析语文课程标准与语文教学大纲的关系。 答：课程标准是确定学校教育一定学段的课程水准、课程结构与课程模式的纲领性文件。国家课程标准是教材编写、教学、评价和考试命题的依据，是国家管理和评价课程的基础。 语文课程标准和语文教学大纲都曾是语文学科教学的指令性文件，尽管语文课程标准已经逐渐取代语文教学大纲对语文学科的指导作用，但语文课程标准与语文教学大纲在性质、内容、功能等方面都具有明显的承继关系。 语文课程标准和语文教学大纲的区别主要体现在： （1）语文教学大纲的大部分内容是对教学内容和教学要求以及教学中应注意的问题的叙述，而语文课程标准则主要是对学生在经过某一学年之后各方面学习结果的行为的描述； （2）语文教学大纲是语文学科教学的纲领性文件，教师教学是语文教学大纲关注的焦点，缺乏对语文课程实施特别是学生学习过程的关注。而语文课程标准则是站在课程统整教学的“大课程观”角度来定位语文课程与教学的关系； （3）语文教学大纲主要是针对课堂教学而言的，而语文课程标准则更倾向于开放的课堂； （4）同语文教学大纲相比，语文课程标准把注重结果的评价变成注重过程的评价，在过程评价中注重过程、方法、情感、态度等多方面评价。 2.谈一谈语文综合性学习在实施中应当注意哪些问题。 答：语文综合性学习的实施应该注意以下几个方面： （1）保证时间。语文综合性学习不是学生的课余活动，也不是学生的假期作业，必须安排一定的课时组织来进行； （2）保证全员参与。教师不应有功利的思想，将其变成少数优秀学生的专利； （3）帮助学生成功。开展综合性学习的起点不要太高，切入口不能太大，要由浅入深，由简单到复杂地开展活动； （4）体现个性化。不同地区、学校、学生，开展综合性学习的内容和方式应自有特点。 3.举例谈谈你对阅读教学中存在的对话关系的理解。 答：现代阅读观认为，阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间对话的过程。 这一阅读理念，是以现代对话理论为基础的。对话理论认为，作者与读者之间的关系，就其本质而言，体系了人与人之间的精神联系，阅读行为也就意味着人与人之间确立了一种对话和交流的关系。这种对话和交流是双向的、互动的、互为依存条件的，阅读成为思维碰撞和心灵交流的动态过程，是主体与主体之间的关系。读者的阅读，尤其是阅读文学作品的过程，知识一种共同参与一直共同创造的过程。所以读者绝对不是消极被动的，读者也是文学活动的主体。 因此，在阅读教学中我们要： （1）要重视学生在阅读过程中的主体地位；
专八写作范文第20篇 Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare food at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house don't always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home. While eating in restaurants is fast, the money you spend can add up. When I have dinner at restaurant with a friend, the bill is usually over twenty dollars. I can buy a lot of groceries with that much money. Even lunch at a fast-food stand usually costs five or six dollars for one person. That’s enough to feed the whole family at home. Eating at home is better for you, too. Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories, and they serve big plates of food--much more food than you need to eat at one meal. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients. You can use margarine instead of butter on your potatoes, or not put so much cheese on top of your pizza. At home, you can control your portion size. You can serve yourself as little as you want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of food "because you paid for it". It's true that eating out is convenient. You don't have to shop, or cook, or clean up. But real home cooking doesn't have to take a lot of time. There are lots of simple meals that don't take long to make. In fact, they're faster than eating out, especially if you think of the time you spend driving to a restaurant, parking, waiting for a table, waiting for service, and driving home. Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best. 如何看待在校大学生打工（１） 【题目】 In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
[0846]《英语写作》 第一次作业 [论述题] Define the following writing terms 1 Outline 2 Thesis sentence 3 Narration 4Description 参考答案： 1. a general explanation or description of the content of a discourse; the details being omitted. Roughly speaking, there are three types of outlines: the topic, the sentence and the paragraph outlines. All entries in a topic outline are nouns, noun phrases, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. All entries in a sentence outline, however, are complete sentences. These two types must not be mixed. A paragraph outline provides something like the topic sentences of the paragraphs of the discourse. A few rules must be observed when one writes an outline. (1) The thesis must be a complete declarative sentence. It is general and objective. (2) Do not use single subdivisions. If "I” appears, "II” or "III” must also appear. If there is an "A,” there must be a "B” at least. (3) Do not mix a topic outline with a sentence outline. (4) A formal outline follows a strict parallelism. The following is the skeleton of a possible sample outline. Thesis statement: (a sentence stating the controlling idea of the discourse) I. Introduction II. Main idea Sub-idea Sub-idea Supporting detail Supporting detail Fact 1 Fact 2 III. Main idea Sub-idea Sub-idea Supporting detail Supporting detail Supporting detail Sub-idea IV. Conclusion 2. the sentence that states the main thought of the whole essay
写作课堂内容整理 S1 1.无处不在的ubiquitous/prevalent/widespread 2.不客观的unjust/unfair/biased 3.新闻界the press 及时的timely/up-to-the-minute 信息量大的informative (媒体/舆论)影响… sway.. 4.目的motive/intention/objective 5.影响influence/impact/implication(n) 互相影响interact/interplay(+between A and B)/mutual influence 6.多种多样的a variety of/a wide range of/a wide array of 7.wrong ideas held by many people---misconception n. 误解,谬见 8.part--component gap--disparity 9. a mechanism for a solution to sth.=a remedy for sth. 10.disruptive adj. (characterized by unrest or disorder)1. 分裂的，破裂的；引起混 乱的；破坏(性)的 11.charities/ charitable organizations S2: 1.改变transform 突破(动词) breakthrough 高生产率的productive 2.惊人的速度at a staggering/ amazing speed 信息爆炸information explosion/overload 3.提高,增强enhance/ boost 创新,发明innovation 4.差异difference/ distinction, different/ distinct from 性格,气质personality/ disposition 文化全球化cultural globalization/ homogenization 同质化 5....的几率(多负面) the rate/ incidence of... 6. a new and interesting thing: a novelty relaxation==recreation/ enjoyment 7.respect sb.sth.==hold ... in high regard criminal==convict prisoner==inmate 8.particle 分词pedestrian 行人 S3: 1.priority solve/ resolve/ address/ tackle alleviate/ ease 减轻 2.the authorities 当局prohibit/ ban/ forbid 3.scrutinize/ monitor/ supervise 监督administer/ regulate 管理 4. a beneficiary of ... 受益人emotion==sentiment hobby==pastime/ diversion 5.progression(抽象的进步) failure--setback workforce/ labor force 劳动力 6.result==outcome/ consequence thoughts==considerations 7.difficulty/ hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles 8.chronic disease persistent problem 顽疾ignorance 无知sedentary 9.coordination 并列句subordination 主从句 S4 1.broaden one’s perspective/ horizons 开阔眼界==expand one’s outlook eye-opening enrich one’s experience 丰富阅历 2.the proliferation of ...的大量,迅速的扩散play a dominant role in
管理英语 4 形成性考核册 作业 1 写作 My Dream Job Everybody has his dream job. I also have my dream job. My dream job is to be a reporter so that I have opportunities to write articles for newspapers and magazines, and to interview some presidents and many famous figures in the world. After graduating from high school, I intend to go to university in Beijing. When I left university, I hope that I can get a job in a broadcasting station. After working for several years and after earning for myself enough bread , I will start a project that I want to travel around the world. 作业 2 写作 1 C Jack Brown Sept.15 Completed 2 D Lola Sept.15 Completed 3 B Eden Smith Sept.17 Completed 4 A Elise Sept.17 Completed 5 H Christina Sept.18 Completed 6 E Jack Brown Sept.18 Being done 7 G Jeffrey Sept.20 Being done 8 F Elise Sept.20 Being done
浙江大学远程教育学院 《美学》课程作业（选做） 答案在后面 第一编 判断题（判断对错并简要说明理由） 1、美学是一门古老而又年轻的学科。 2、亚里士多德是美学之父。 3、十八世纪法国美学家阿贝·巴托提出的“美的艺术”包括了音乐、绘画、骑射、纺织、 书法等五门。 4、十八世纪法国美学家阿贝·巴托提出的“美的艺术”包括了音乐、绘画、雕塑、诗、戏 剧、舞蹈、电影、建筑等八门。 5、康德的美学著作是《纯粹理性批判》。 第二编 判断题（判断对错并简要说明理由） 1、孔子认为先秦的音乐作品《武》是尽善尽美的。 2、儒家把音乐作为维护社会秩序的途径。 3、“乐而不淫，哀而不伤”体现了儒家中和之美的审美理想。 4、道家美学思想认为美需要艺术家努力创造。 5、按道家思想，看不见的图像和听不见的声音也可以成为美的艺术。 6、“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”体现了道家的美学思想。 7、乐记是儒家经典。 8、乐记认为音乐与政治没有关系。 9、中国传统美学认为最好的绘画应该能够画出最逼真的图像。 10、好的书法家先在头脑中写字，再在纸面上写字。 11、《人间词话》提出的境界说来源于西方的文学理论。 12、王国维美学思想主要是受西方影响而形成的。 第三编 判断题（判断对错并简要说明理由） 1、同样的审美经验是可以重复的。 2、审美现象是指美的事物。 3、审美就是对美的欣赏。 4、所有审美对象都是美的。 5、是艺术都是美的 6、艺术家创作的作品肯定是艺术品
7、这件衣服设计独特，做工精美，就像一件艺术品 8、绘画作品肯定是艺术品 9、崇高是美的一种 10、崇高的审美价值在于它使人的心境得到升华 11、悲剧的意思就是悲惨可怜 12、只要好人死亡，就是悲剧 13、只有好人的毁灭和厄运，才产生悲剧性 14、欣赏悲剧可以导致心理上的健康 15、善恶报应的结局属于喜剧范畴 16、喜剧是专门讽刺坏人坏事的 17、滑稽就是闹剧 18、丑没有审美价值 简答题 1、“艺术”这一概念通常在哪几种含义中使用？ 第四编 判断题（判断对错并简要说明理由） 1、模仿论就是再现论。 2、艺术形象应该符合生活的真实性。 3、再现论和表现论的观点是完全一样的。 4、艺术语言是一种广义的语言。 5、艺术不等于技术。 6、从历史上看，技术在艺术中的作用越来越重要。 7、从历史上看，物质材料在艺术中的作用越来越重要。 8、诗歌不可以表达音乐中的情感。 9、电影不可以再现小说。 简答题： 1、艺术语言有哪些特点？ 第五编 判断题（判断对错并简要说明理由） 1、绘画中的观看与日常生活中的观看是一样的。 2、观赏绘画主要是体会其中的线条、形状、色彩。 3、绘画可以超出平面，创造一个立体的世界。 4、中国古典音乐大部分是复调音乐。 5、奏鸣曲式中的呈示部主要是呈示音响结构的。 6、音乐的本质是通过语言表达出来的。 7、文学语言对应于人的听觉。 8、意识流与意识描写是一回事。 9、“巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮”两句之所以写得好，是因为它抓住了人物的肖像特点。