Test 1
1.With the _______of Mary，all the girl students are eager to go to the party.
A.exhibition
B.exception
C.except
D.reception
除了玛丽，所有的女孩都急切的想去参加舞会。
答案： B
A exhibition 展览
B exception 例外with the exception of =except
C except 除了...之外，（减去，不包括）介词
D reception 接待是receive的名词形式，
2.Although the traffic is not busy，he likes to drive at a _______ speed.
A.spare
B.fast
C.moderate
D.moral
虽然交通并不拥堵，但是他还是喜欢中速行驶。
答案： C
A spare adj. 业余的，备用的，v 抽出（时间，精力），赦免
B fast adj 快速的，
C moderate 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的
D moral adj 道德的
3.All the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was
65.
A.faded
B.illustrated
C.confined
D.concerned
他到了65岁是时候，对所有的童年往事的记忆都慢慢的消退了。
答案：A
A fade 褪色，消退
B illustrate 举例说明，图解
C confine 限制，禁闭分娩
E.g. He did not confine himself to the one language.
他没把自己局限于这一门语言。
D concern 关心，担心，涉及
4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without
modern technology.
A.canal
B.tunnel
C.channel
D.cable
河流如此之大，没有现代技术，在底下修一条隧道是不可能的。
答案： B
A canal 运河，水渠
B tunnel 隧道
C channel 通道，（电视）频道
D cable 电缆，缆线
5.The _______ is nearly dead ，so I can not start the car again.
A. bean
B.beam
C.bake
D.battery
电池已经差不多断电了。因此这辆车启不动了。
答案：D battery
A bean 豆，嘴峰毫无价值的东西
B beam 一束光，照射
C bake 烤面包，烘烤
D battery 电池
6.When making modern cameras ，people began to _______ plastics for metal.
A. surround
B.substance
C.stretch
D.substitute
在制作相机时，人们开始用塑料代替金属
答案：D
A surround 围绕，包围surrounding 环境，周围的事物
B substance 物质
C stretch 拉伸，伸展
D substitute 替代搭配：substitute A for B 用A替代B
E.g. Nothing could substitute for mother's milk. 什么也替代不了母乳。
7.With the help of the government ，a large number of people ---_______ after
the flood in 1991.
A. survived
B.suspended
C.suffered
D.subjected
在政府的帮助下，大批群众在1991年的洪灾之后幸存下来了。
答案： A
A survive 幸免幸存survivor 幸存者survival n 幸存
B suspend 使暂停，使悬浮禁赛
C suffer 遭受，忍受，患病
D subject 受制于，服从，隶属科目，主题
8.He always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind ，and sometimes we do not
even know what he is thinking about.
A. novel
B.spoil
C.acceptable
D.additional
他总是有些奇怪的想法，有时候我们都不知道他在想什么
答案：A
A novel adj 新奇的，异常的n 小说
B spoil 溺爱，宠坏，破坏
C acceptable adj. 可以接受的
D additional 另外的，附加的
9.Please be serious. I am not _______. You should consider it carefully
A. sorting
B.joking
C.counting
https://www.doczj.com/doc/255237816.html,paring
请你认真点。我不是开玩笑。你应该仔细考虑一下。
答案：B
A sort n 类别v 分类，整理
B joke 开玩笑
C count 数数，重要
D compare 比较
10.We do not have a _______ school in our institute. The highest degree we
provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .
A. continue
B.bay
C.assistance
D.graduate
我们学校没有研究生院，我们授予的最高学位就是文学硕士和理学硕士
B.A = bachelor of arts 文学硕士
B.S = Bachelor of Science 理学硕士
A continue 继续continuing education 继续教育
Continuous 连续不断的，
Continual 经常发生的，
B bay 海湾，狗吠声
C assistance 援助，帮助
D graduate 毕业生，研究生
11.In the United States，the foreign policy is decided by the ________
government，not by each
state.
A federal B.figure C.scientific D.service
在美国，外交政策是由联邦政府决定的，而不是由每个州决定的。
答案：A
A. Federal 联邦的
B. Figure n 数字，人物，图像
v 计算搭配：figure out 计算出，理解
C. Scientific adj 科学的
D. Service 服务短语：room service 客房服务，送餐服务
12.He works in our university as a visiting _______，not as a formal faculty
member.
A. traditional
B.scholar
C.nurse
D.pilot
他是我们学校的客座学者，而不是正式员工。
答案：B
A . Traditional 传统的
B. Scholar 学者，奖学金获得者
C. Nurse n 护士v 看护
D. Pilot n 飞行员，领航者v 驾驶，领航
13.When you fill in the application form，please use your _______ address so
That we can contact you easily later.
A. policy
B.plain
C.permanent
D.principal
填写申请表的时候，请使用永久地址，以便我们以后和你联系的时候更方便。
A policy n 政策，保单
B. Plain n 平原adj. 简单，朴素，清晰
C permanent adj permanent address 永久住址; 永久地址; 永久通信
地址; 永世地址
D principal adj 主要的n 首长，校长
14.John _______ to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude.
A. pretends
B.assures
C.affords
D.melts
约翰假装斯文，其实很粗鲁
A . Pretend 假装
B assure v保证，担保，使相信
C afford 能承受，能负担
D melt 融化
15.We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty.
A. owes
B.spoils
C.deserts
D.neglects
我们不能再信任他了，因为他经常玩忽职守。
答案：D
A . owe 欠债搭配：owe....to...把....归功于
B spoil n 溺爱，破坏
C desert n 沙漠v 抛弃cf. Dessert 甜点
D neglect 忽视，疏忽
16.In order to increase our output，we need to import more production _______.
A. facilities
B.hens
C.votes
D.artists
为了增加产量，我们需要进口更多的生产设备。
答案：A
A . Facility 设备，设施
B. hen 母鸡，雌禽，女人
C vote 选举，选票
D artist 艺术家
17.When a spacecraft travels，one of the major problems is reentry into the
Earth’s _______.
A. surface
B.atmosphere
C.attitude
D.bent
航空器飞行时，主要问题之一是，重返地球的大气层。
A surface n 表面，外观，v 浮出水面
B atmosphere 大气层，氛围
C attitude 态度，看法搭配：attitude to(toward)....的态度
D bent n 爱好adj 弯曲的
18.This river forms a natural _______ between China and Korea.
A. boundary
B.string
C.spot
D.zone
这条河在中韩之间形成一条天然的分界线。。
答案： A
A. Boundary 边界，分界线boundary marker 界碑
B string n 细绳子，琴弦，一串 a string of 一系列，一串
C spot n 地点，斑点，adj 现场的v 弄脏
D bent adj. 弯曲的; 决心的;
19.She is already 16years old. But she _______as if she were still a little girl.
A. believes
B.absorbs
C. accesses
D.behaves
她已经16岁了，但是行为举止好像是个小女孩。
答案：D
A believe 相信，认为
B absorb 吸收搭配：be absorbed in 全神贯注
C access 进入，通道搭配：
have access to 可以到达；可以使用；有接触(或进入、使用)的机会(或权利)
E.g. In theory, every person will have access to an unlimited amount of
information.
从理论上来说，每个人都可以利用无穷数量的信息。
D behave v 表现（机器的）运转，使守规矩
Behave well 举止得体，表现好，
Behave oneself 检点自己的行为
20.We are _______ at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester.
A. distinguished
B.annoyed
C.astonished
D.scored
我们队马克这学期取得这么快的进步感到惊讶。
答案：C
A distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的
Distinguished guest 贵宾，嘉宾，高朋
搭配：be distinguished from 与.....不同
B annoyed v 恼怒，adj 生气的，恼怒的
C astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
D score v 得分，获得，n 二十，分数
21.The doctors _______ the medicines to the people in the flood area.
A. distributed
B.packed
C.prayed
D.undertook
医生把药品分发给灾区的群众。
答案：A
A. Distribute v 分发，分配
B 。pack n 一包包裹v 打包，挤压
C . Pray 祈祷，恳求
D undertake v 承担，从事
E.g. Who will undertake the responsibility of the work ?谁将承担这项工作的责任？
22.Much of the news provided by this newspaper is _______，not foreign.
A. domestic
B.strain
C.purchase
D.murder
这份报纸提供的大部分新闻都是国内的，而不是国外的。
答案： A
A. domestic adj 国内的，家庭的，驯养的
B. strain n 张力，拉紧，负担vt 拉紧，
C. purchase v 购买
D. Murder 谋杀
23.He tried to _______relations with his former wife but he failed.
A. measure
B.maintain
C.shelter
D.reply
他企图与前妻保持关系，但是不成功。
答案：B
A measure 测量，衡量，措施搭配：take measures 采取措施
B maintain v维持，保持，维修主张
C shelter n 庇护，避难所v 保护搭配shelter.....from...保护...免遭...
D reply 回复，回答
24.He _______ to study harder in the future so that he could have more
opportunities to find a better job.
A. resolved
B.resorted
C.requested
D.reserved
他决心以后更加努力学习，以便有机会找到更好的工作。
答案：A
A resolve 决定，决心，解决，分解
E.g. This did not shake his resolve. 这事并未动摇他的决心。
E.g. We should be able to resolve our differences. 我们应该能够解决我们的分歧。
e.g. She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager...
她决定把这件事汇报给医院的护士长
B resort v 求助n 手段，旅游胜地
C request 请求
D reserve 储备，保留保护区，
E.g. The Federal Reserves 美联储
25.The _______ work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy.
A. research
B.rescue
C.vessel
D.vast
营救工作开展了一周多的时间，但是仍然不见失踪男孩的踪迹
答案：B
A research 调查，研究
B rescue 营救，救援，
C vessel n 船，器皿，血管
D vast 巨大的，广阔无垠的，巨额的
26.Many kinds of animals are believed to have _________ from the earth
A. withdrawn
B.vanished
C.found
D.hung
人们认为，很多动物已经从地球上消失了。
答案：B
A withdraw 撤退，撤销，取款，撤资
过去式withdrew 过去分词withdrawn 名词形式：withdrawal The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made
from his account in a single week
B vanish 消失
E.g. Many of these species have vanished or are facing extinction
这些物种中的许多已经消亡或是正濒临灭绝
C found v 创立，建立
D hung 悬挂，动词原形为hang
Hang 悬挂，过去式，过去分词hung
绞死过去式hanged, 过去分词hanged
27.The engineers in this lab spent several weeks _______ their plans for the new
bicycle.
A. counting
B.stripping
C.elaborating
D.casting
这个实验室的工程师花了好几周时间来为这款新自行车制定周密的计划。答案：C
A count v 数数，重要
E.g. I counted 34 wild goats grazing. 我数了有34只野山羊在吃草。
搭配：count on 指望
B strip vt. 剥夺；剥去；脱去衣服
带；条状；脱衣舞
e.g.The coastal cities of Liguria sit on narrow strips of land lying under steep mountains.
利古里亚的那些海滨城市坐落在陡峭山脉下的狭长地带。
C elaborate:精心制作，详细解释
E.g. But he declines to elaborate他拒绝阐述细节。
D. Cast : 投射，铸造，投掷
28.Pine trees are usually believed to _______ cold weather.
A. guard
B.accomplish
C.roar
D.endure
人们通常认为，松树能抵御严寒天气。
答案：D
A guard 保卫，警惕，护卫
Coast guard 海岸警卫队
Guard against 提防
B accomplish 完成，实现，达到
accomplish nothing 一事无成; 没有出路; 一无所成
C roar 咆哮，轰鸣
D endure 忍耐，容忍
The company endured heavy financial losses 公司承受了沉重的财务损失
29.Free medical service is _______ to nearly all the college students in China.
A. favorite
B.available
C.convenient
D.average
在中国，所有的大学生都能享受免费医疗。
答案： B
A favorite adj./n 最爱
B available adj 有效的，可得到的，可利用的, 有空的
e.g.he was not available for comment; he was available and willing to
accompany her.
他无可奉告;他有空而且也愿意陪她。
C convenient 方便的, 合宜的
30.After working for twenty hours without any rest，the doctors were _______.
A. exhausted
B.mounted
C.wrapped
D.restored
医生们连续工作20小时之后，精疲力尽。
答案： A
A. Exhausted adj. . 耗尽的; 用完的; 筋疲力尽的
Exhaust v 用尽，耗尽n 废弃，尾气
B mounted 动词mount 的过去分词mount 登山，骑车
C wrap v 包，裹，绕，
D restore v 恢复，复原，修复
E.g. Troops were sent to the islands to restore order last November.
去年11月，军队被派往这些岛屿以恢复秩序
31.The college students in China are _______ from smoking on campus because this will do them no
good.
A. discouraged
B.observed
C.obeyed
D.obtained
中国的大学生不许在校园内吸烟，因为这对他们没好处。
答案： A
Discourage 使气馁; 使沮丧; 阻碍; 劝阻;
E.g. His parents tried to discourage his interest in music, but he persisted.
他的父母设法打消他对音乐的兴趣，但他始终坚持
e.g. I have tried to discourage him from biting nails. 我曾劝阻他不要咬指甲
B observe 遵守; 观察; 庆祝
e.g. Didn't you observe the difference? 难道你没有看出差别?
[动词+ 名词短语+ 不带to的不定式]
The police observed a man enter the bank.
警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。
e.g. Will the rebels observe the ceasefire? 叛乱者会遵守停火协议吗？
[动词+ 名词短语](formal) to celebrate festivals, birthdays, etc. 庆祝；庆贺；欢度
Do they observe Christmas?
他们过不过圣诞节？
C obey v 服从，遵守
E.g. [动词+ 名词短语]
to obey a command/an order/rules/the law
服从指挥/ 命令；遵守规章/ 法律
He had always obeyed his parents without question.
他对父母一向绝对服从。
D. Obtain 获得，得到; 流行; 买到，达到（目的）
V To obtain her degree, she answered 81 questions over 10 papers.
为获得学位，她回答了10页纸上的81个问题。
32.Professor Smith is also the _______ of the international program office. If you
have any problem when you study here，you may go to him for help.
A. detective
B.president
C.manager
D.director 史密斯教授也是这个国际课程办公室的主任，你在这里学习如果有什么问题，可以去找他。
答案： D
A detective adj& b 侦探的，侦探
B president 董事长，（大学）校长，总裁，总统
C manager 经理，管理人员
D director 主管，主任; 董事，理事; 负责人
33.We won’t allow any foreign country to _______ in our internal affairs.
A. devote
B.district
C.interfere
D.wander 我们不允许任何国家干涉我们的内政
答案：C
A devote v 致力于，奉献搭配：devote oneself to 奉献与，致力于
Devotion n
B district n行政区划
C interfere v 干涉，妨碍
E.g. it will seriously interfere with the progress of the work. 它将严重干扰工作的进展.
D. Wander 徘徊；漫步；迷路；离题
E.g. She wandered aimlessly around the streets.
她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡
34.We can not _______ all the magazines together.
A. route
B.draw
C.thread
D.bind
我们不能把所有的杂志困在一起。
答案：D
A route 路线；航线；通道
E.g. The troops went back by the same route. 队伍从原路退回。
E.g. The house is not on a bus route .这房子不在公交线上
B draw 抽签，画画，吸引
He was waving his arms to draw their attention. 他正挥手以引起他们的注意。
C thread n 线，线状物，纤维v 穿过
D bind v 捆绑，约束
过去式，过去分词bound
搭配：be bound to 注定
It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.
明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。
Be bound for 正旅行去（某地）；准备前往（某地）
e.g.How do I know the bus bound for Tianmu? 我怎么知道那辆公共汽车是往天母的呢？
35.What he said in the meeting _______ everybody present.
A. disgusted
B.dismissed
C.disposed
D.eliminated 他是会上所说的话，让在场的人感到厌恶。
答案：A
A。Disgust 厌恶，反感
E.g. I threw the book aside in disgust. 我厌恶地把书扔到一边。
B dismiss 解雇，把…免职; 遣散，解散（队伍等）; 驳回
E.g. I dismissed the problem from my mind. 我从心中摒除了这个问题。
C. Dispose 处理；处置；安排
e.g.You have no idea how much it takes to dispose batteries. Do yourself a
favor.
你肯定不知道处理废电池花费有多大．何不对自己行行好呢？
短语：at one 's dispose 人某人处置
D eliminate 消除；排除
E.g. Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash
有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。
36.Some lazy men would rather _______ than work.
A. indicate
B.declare
C.solve
D.starve
有些懒汉，宁愿挨饿，也不上班挣钱。
答案： D
A indicate 表明，标示，指示; indication n
B declare 宣布; 声明，声称; 申报
E.g. It's too early to declare his efforts a success.
现在就断言他的努力已经获得成功还为时过早。
e.g.She had nothing to declare, and was starting to go through the 'Green' channel when she
was stopped. 她没有什么要申报的，便开始进入绿色通道，结果就在这时被拦住了
C solve 解决；解答；溶解
E.g. I dreamed up a plan to solve both problems at once.
我想出了一个方案，可以同时解决两个问题
D starve 饿死；挨饿；渴望
E.g. You can't see your sister starve without trying to help her!
你不能让你姐姐挨饿而不想法去帮助她!
37.This boy was _______ for what he had done in the class.
A. scolded
B.overcome
C.inclined
D.displayed
这个男孩因为在班上的所作所为而受到指责
答案 A
A scold
He scolded them for arriving late. 他嫌他们迟到，训了他们一通。
B overcome
e.g.We can overcome any difficulty，however great.
不管多大困难，我们都能克服。
C incline 倾斜；倾向；易于
I incline to the view that he is right. 我倾向于认为他是正确的。
D display 显示; 陈列; 展开，伸展; 夸示，炫耀;
These statistics display a definite trend.
这些统计数据表现出一种明显的趋势。
38.Some states in the United States _______ people to carry guns.
A. apply
B.charm
C.ignore
D.forbid 美国有些州禁止人们携带枪支。
答案：D
A apply
1) apply for 申请
e.g.Investors can apply for a package of shares at a set price.
投资者可以申购固定价格的股票组合。
to apply for a job/passport/grant 申请工作/ 护照/ 拨款
apply to 用于，适合
E.g. Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation
提前搞清楚什么规章适用于你的情况
B charm 使陶醉; 诱惑
She is very good at using her charm to get her way.
她非常善于利用自己的魅力随心所欲。
Charming 迷人的，可爱的; 英俊的，潇洒的; 令人陶醉的
C ignore 忽略，不理
E.g. I could no longer ignore the fact that he was deeply unhappy.
我再不能对他深感不快这个事实不闻不问了。
Ignore one’s duty 玩忽职守
D forbid 禁止后面接v-ing forbid doing
Forbidden fruit 禁果
God (或Heaven) forbid
上帝（天）不容（表达不希望发生某事的强烈愿望）上帝不容这类事在任何人身上重演。
[with clause]（接从句）God forbid that this should happen to anyone ever again.
39.Carelessness made him fall in his job _______.
A.interview
B.intention
C.stomach
D.stocking 粗心大意导致他在面试的时候失败。
答案：A
A interview 接见，采访；面试，面谈
B intention 意图，意向，
C. Stomach 胃，腹部，胃口
D stocking 袜子cf: stock 股份，储存，
40.Sometimes it is very difficult to _______ some of the English words. Even the
native speaker can not help.
A. decrease
B.create
C.define
D.delight 有时候，有些英语单词很难定义，即使是以英语为母语的人也无能为力。
答案： C
A decrease n/v 减少，减小
B create v 创造，创作，造成creature n creative adj creation n
C define v 下定义，解释definition n
E.g. The word is difficult to define . 词词难下定义。
D delight 高兴to one’s delight 让某人高兴的是
41.Students with _______ problems may apply for student loans.
A. economic
B.financial
C.male
D.economical
经济上有困难的学生可以申请学生贷款。
答案 B
A economic adj 经济的，经济学的，主要指经济政策，经济增长，
economic development 经济发展; 经济建设; 发展经济; 经济发达
economic growth 经济增长; 经济成长; 经济发展; 经济波动
economic recovery 经济复苏; 经济复原; 经济采收率; 经济苏醒
Economic reform will continue to be painful and ineffective.
经济改革仍将举步维艰，毫无成效。
B financial adj 经济的，财政的，指财力，指有钱
E.g. financial services金融服务
to give financial advice提供财务咨询
to be in financial difficulties处于财务困难之中
an independent financial adviser独立财务顾问
Tokyo and New York are major financial centers .东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。
C male 男人，雄性的cf. Female 女人，雌性的
D economical adj. 经济的，省钱的，合算的
Coke is an economical fuel but it leaves a lot of ash. 焦炭是一种很经济的燃料,可是燃烧后剩下很多灰.
42.Both sugar and salt can ______in water.
A. desert
B.absorb
C.dissolve
D.involve 糖和盐都能溶解在水中。
答案： C
A desert n 沙漠v 抛弃，舍弃
E.g. Farmers are deserting their fields and coming here looking for jobs...
小农场主正舍弃他们的土地，到这里来寻找工作。
B absorb v 吸收
E.g. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil...
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。
搭配be absorbed in 全神贯注，出神
E.g. He pretends to be absorbed in listening. 他假装在专心听讲.
C dissolve 溶解; 融化，液化; 解散，散去; 分裂，分解;
E.g. Warm the sugar slightly first to make it dissolve quicker. 先将糖稍稍加热，以使其溶解得更快些。
D.involve 参与，涉及，卷入
搭配：be involved in
E.g. I don't want to be involved in anything you're talking about, okay?
我不想涉入你所说的任何事, 好吗?
43.I have not heard anything from him since his _______.
A. departure
B.fault
C.foundation
D.acceptance
自从他离开之后，我就没有听到任何有关他的消息。
答案：A
A departure 离开
B fault 缺陷; 过错，责任; v 挑剔
E.g. It wasn't her fault, she was trying her best to help. 这不是她的错，她是尽力帮忙的。
搭配：find fault with 找茬，
E.g Why do you have to find fault with everything I like?
为什么你老爱对我喜欢的东西挑东西的呢?
C foundation 基地，基础，基金
D acceptance 接受cf. Accept, v acceptable adj unacceptable adj
44.Without a proper education，people could _______ all kinds of crimes.
A. conduct
B.stoop
https://www.doczj.com/doc/255237816.html,mit
D.sweat
没有受过良好的教育，人们可能犯各种罪行。
答案： C
A. Conduct 引导; 带领; 控制; 传导;
E.g. Rules governing student conduct relaxed somewhat in recent years.
近年来约束学生行为的规定有所放宽。
E.g. He was also fined $150 for unprofessional conduct.
他还因行为违反了职业道德而被罚150美元。
B stoop
n. 门廊，游廊; 自贬; 弯腰，驼背; 屈服; vt.& vi. 屈服，忍辱; 弯腰; 倾斜; 自贬;
E.g. He was a tall, thin fellow with a slight stoop 他是个瘦高个儿，有点驼背
E.g. It pains me to stoop down. 痛得我蹲下来.
C commit 犯罪，做错事; 把…托付给; 保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）; 承诺，使…承担义务;
E.g. Nobody was prepared to commit themselves. 谁都不愿作出承诺。
commit suicide 自杀
E.g. Don't commit yourself. It'll let us in for trouble.
别随便表态, 这会使我们陷入麻烦的.
D sweat 使出汗；流出；使干苦活
E.g. Already they were sweating as the sun beat down upon them.
太阳照在他们身上时，他们已经在冒汗了。
E.g. He awoke from his sleep in a cold sweat. 他从睡梦中醒来，浑身冒着冷汗。
45.Several loudspeakers are _______ from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.
A. connected
B.sustained
C.associated
D.suspended
天花板上吊了好几个音箱，因此我们能够清晰的听到演讲人的说话。
答案：D
A connect 链接
E.g. The towns are connected by train and bus services.
这些城镇由火车和公共汽车连接起来。
Connection n
Be connected with 与...有关
The two subjects are closely connected . 这两门学科紧密相连。
B.sustained 维持; 支撑，支持; 遭受，忍受; 供养;
E.g. During the war we had just enough food to sustain us.
战争期间,我们的食物仅够维持生活.
Sustainable adj 可持续性的
an environmentally sustainable society 保持生态环境平衡的社会
C.associated 发生联系; （使）联合; 结交; 联想;
E.g. I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。
E.g. Foreigners always associate China with the Great Wall.
外国人总是把中国和长城联系在一起.
Association n
D.suspended 暂停; 延缓; 挂; 悬;
E.g. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.
出事后不久，朱莉就被停职了
E.g Congress has authorized the president to suspend the operation of a statute.
国会已授权总统暂停一项法令的实施.
Suspension n
E.g. The local authorities decided to build a suspension bridge over the river.
地方当局决定在这条河上建一座吊桥
46. This morning in the class，our teacher lost his _______ at last because he could not
stand any more.
A. temper
B.terror
C.verse
D.contain
我们老师今天上午上课的时候终于忍不住发脾气了。
答案： A
A. Temper 性情，脾气; 特征;
E.g. I was in a bad temper last night... 昨晚我心情不好。
Chapter 6: Test ⅠAccording to the given meaning, Choose the proper form of the English idiom from the four alternative answers. 1.forever A. till cows come home B. till the cows come home C. till bulls come home D. till the bulls come home 2.deep in thought A. in a brown study B. in a red study C. in a green study D. in a dark study 3.Support only in words, not in fact A. mouth service B. lip service C. brain trust D. mind trust 4.quite certainly A. sure as egg is egg B. sure as a egg is a egg C. sure as eggs are eggs D. sure as eggs is eggs 5.naked A. in the air B. in the open C. in the raw D. in the straw 6.something useless and unwanted but big and costly A. white elephant B. dark elephant C. white horse D. dark horse 7.most important and essential part A. might and main B. bag and baggage C. sum and substance D. part and parcel 8.damage from continuous use A. fair and spare B. toil and moil C. wear and tear D. kith and kin 9.the member thought to be a disgrace in the family A. black sheep B. a dark horse C. gray mare D. white elephant 10.through all difficulties and troubles A. through high and low B. through thick and thin C .from head to foot D. from start to finish ⅡEach of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the best one. 1.Among the following idioms, which one is nominal in nature as far as syntactic function is concerned. A.flesh and blood B.heart and soul C.tooth and nail D.high and low 2.Strictly speaking,idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their of individual elements. A.grammatical meaning B.literal meaning C.deep meaning D.structural meaning 3.The structure of an idiom is to a large extent . A.flexible B.changeable C.unchangeable D.none of the above 4.Duplication of synonyms is called . A.repetition B.reiteration C.juxtaposition D.metaphor 5. refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. A.Euphemism B.Personification C.Synecdoche D Metonymy 6.The meaning of the idiom black bottle is . A.poison B.alcoholic drink C.bottle that is black in color D.bottle bought in an illegal way
(B卷) Vocabulary(15 points) Direction:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part .For each sentence there are four choices marked A) B) C) D) .Choose the one best completes the sentence. 1. The opening speeches sounded more like ________ of war than offering of peace. A) announce B) demand C) declaration D) demonstration 2. Their marriage was already ________ even before his wife went abroad. A) fade away B) fall apart C) get away D) go down 3. I’m pleased to hear of your job offer-----all that hard work at school has obviously ____. A) paid off B)taken its off C) made a difference D) shown up 4. A rich old lady _______ dead at home for two weeks---and nobody knew anything about it. A. lived B. stayed C. lay D. kept 5. Smart cars ________which can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. A) have built B) have been built C) are building D) are going to build 6. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____.
大学英语词汇练习详解Test 3 Test 3 1.This watch is _______ by hand，not by machine，so it is very expensive. A.flat B.coined C.bored D.manufactured 这块表是手工制作的，不是机械制造的，因此非常昂贵。 答案：D A flat adj. 平的; 单调的; 不景气的; 干脆的; n. 平地; 公寓; 平面; B coin n. 硬币; 金属钱币; [ C bored adj. 无聊的，无趣的，烦人的; D manufacture v生产，制造，虚构 e.g. The factory is now trying to manufacture a new model. 这家工厂现正试制一种新产品。 2.These two horses look so much alike that we can not _______ one from the other. A.differ B.detail C.distinguish D.defeat 这两匹马如此相像，我们都难以区别。 答案C A. Differ v vi. 不同，相异;（from) Adj. different, 搭配：be different from 与...不同 N difference B detail n 详情，细节搭配：in detail 详细的 C distinguish v vt. 区分，辨别，分清; Distinguished adj adj. 卓越的; 著名的; 受人尊敬的; 显得重要的; 搭配：be distinguished from 与....不同， Distinguished guests 贵宾 D defeat vt. 击败，战胜; 挫败; 3.The president of that company was very calm during the political _______. A.failure B.fashion C.proceed D.crisis 那个公司的老总在政治危机中非常镇定。
μúò?ì×ìa Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 1.Dennison was known to pay his men handsomely, but in return he expected complete loyalty, total ______{s/1}, and absolute respect. [A]judgment [B]statement [C]commitment [D]assignment 2.During the interview I was the first to ask him______{s/1}questions that put the Bonn government in an awkward position. [A]. instructing [B]. intimidating [C]. rewarding [D]. embarrassing 3.I didn't realize the food problem was so______{s/1} in this city; with winter coming, many people would starve to death without more help. [A]. essential [B]. critical [C]. explicit [D]. effective 4.Some see themselves as the provider of ideas,______{s/1}others view their role as essentially managerial. [A]. when [B]. therefore [C]. while [D]. otherwise 5.[B]y the side of the new teaching hall ______{s/1}a library built in the 1930s. [A]. collects [B]. stands [C]. creates [D]. belongs 6.I'd like to take ______{s/1} of this opportunity to thank all of you for your efforts. [A]. profit [B]. benefit [C]. occasion [D]. advantage 7.We finally ______{s/1}an agreement after a lot of hard argument. [A]. reached [B]. did [C]. arrived [D]. drove 8.It is desirable that the airplane ______{s/1} as light as possible. [A]. is [B]. were [C]. be [D]. had been
Vol.10No.1 2013年1月 第10卷第1期 Journal of Hubei University of Economics(Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报（人文社会科学版） Jan.2013一、词汇教学的重要地位 词汇是语言的三大要素之一，是语言的建筑基石。正如英国语言学家威尔金丝所言：“没有语法，人们表达的事物寥寥无几，而没有词汇，则无法表达任何事物。”可见，词汇在语言中占有重要位置。对于语言学习者、使用者来说，词汇知识是他们语言能力的一部分，在一定程度上，学生词汇量的多少能反映其英语水平，并决定其听、说、读、写诸方面的能力。 现代大学英语教学是以培养交际能力为目的，掌握大量词汇是培养交际能力的先决条件，否则语言交际就不能顺利进行。另外，英语学习的侧重点也从测试语法点转化为分析语篇，这就要求学生接受大量的语言信息，而语言信息来源于词汇，因此，学生掌握大量词汇才可以有效地进行交际和阅读。可见，在英语教学中，词汇教学占有重要地位。 二、词汇教学存在的问题 在多年的精读教学中，笔者发现学生在掌握词汇方面是薄弱的，他们不能理解句子的意思往往不是因为不懂语法，而是不理解单词的意义。通过了解学生记忆单词和教师讲解单词的方法，笔者发现词汇的教与学存在着以下一些问题： （一）教师在教学中重视语法教学，忽视词汇教学。传统的语法翻译教学法在中学英语教学中占主导地位，在一定程度上也影响了大学英语教学。 （二）教师讲课过多地重视课文主要意思和结构，忽视了讲单词，许多教师认为学生在中学已经学会了语音，会读单词，不应该花费课堂时间讲词汇，而应该集中讲课文。事实上，学生们虽然认识到词汇的重要性，但努力记单词并没有取得良好效果，学生感到很困惑。 （三）教师用字典解释单词，然而学生可能不理解新单词在不同语境中的真正含义。大部分学生依赖于字典学习词汇，而不能适当地、确切地运用单词。一个单词有多种意义，学生们不能确定在某个句子中的单词的确切意义。 （四）许多教师用近义词讲新单词，然而不区分近义词的差异。 （五）学生还有一系列其他问题，一词多义是学生学习的障碍，词语搭配对学生来说是很复杂的事情，词汇的内涵意义也不容易掌握。 因此教师应重视词汇教学，用好的方法教学生，尤其是精读课上，教师应把词汇与课文内容联系起来讲，这样学单词就不枯燥无味，在其他课上也要有意识地讲解新词，同时复习旧词，有效地提高记忆效率。我们作为教师，过去没有充分重视词汇教学，认为只要教会学生读单词，理解基本意思，学生自己背，老师再听写，这样就完成了词汇教学。事实上，教师应该用有效的方法教词汇，扩大学生的词汇量，深化词汇知识的深度。语言学家Laufer 曾说过，扩展词汇不仅是一个量的问题，词汇知识可能在不同的学习阶段从表层发展至深层，扩展词汇也不仅是熟悉新单词，它还包括加深已学过单词的知识，词汇的深度和词汇量是同等重要的。 三、词汇教学的策略和方法 为了使学生有效地、科学地学习记忆词汇，笔者提出以下几种方法，帮助学生提高记忆效率。 （一）语音教学 语音与词汇有密切的关系，学好语音对词汇有很大帮助。教师在讲新词时，首先应从读音开始，让学生掌握一定的读音规则，把握好重音、弱读等规律，严格要求学生养成准确发音的习惯。然后是单词拼写，引导学生掌握字母以及字母组合的发音规律。在记忆过程中，要让学生掌握英语单词中读音和拼写之间的对应关系，使学生把音和形联系起来，看词能读，听音会写。如：有一个发音组合：元音+辅音+不发音的e ，在这个组合中，字母e 不发音，元音字母通常发本身音。如果学生了解了这个规则，那么看到take ，use ，bike 等这种组合的词就会准确地读出来，听到时也会准确地拼写了。总之，学生掌握了读音规则，单词读准了，拼写的准确率也会随之提高，记忆单词会变得相对轻松。 （二）构词教学 语言是随着人类社会的发展而产生并发展的，许多新词的产生遵循语法规则，有一定的规律，也就是我们所说的构词法。学习英语单词的构词法，有助于提高记忆效率。常见的构词法主要有派生法、合成法、转化法。 派生法即在词根上加前缀或后缀构成新词，了解前缀、词根、后缀的意思，就可以记住几个词，如：由character 联想到 characterize ，characteristic ，characterization 。 大学英语词汇教学浅析 胡凌海 （忻州师范学院专科部，山西忻州034000） 摘 要：词汇是语言的建筑基石，在语言中占有重要位置。学生掌握大量的词汇，阅读和交际才能有效地顺利地 进行。因此词汇教学成为大学英语教学中的一个非常重要的部分，本文分析了词汇教学存在的问题并提出了一些词汇教学的策略和方法。 关键词：大学英语；词汇教学；策略；方法
Test 1 1.With the _______of Mary，all the girl students are eager to go to the party. A.exhibition B.exception C.except D.reception 除了玛丽，所有的女孩都急切的想去参加舞会。 答案： B A exhibition 展览 B exception 例外with the exception of =except C except 除了...之外，（减去，不包括）介词 D reception 接待是receive的名词形式， 2.Although the traffic is not busy，he likes to drive at a _______ speed. A.spare B.fast C.moderate D.moral 虽然交通并不拥堵，但是他还是喜欢中速行驶。 答案： C A spare adj. 业余的，备用的，v 抽出（时间，精力），赦免 B fast adj 快速的， C moderate 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的 D moral adj 道德的 3.All the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65. A.faded B.illustrated C.confined D.concerned 他到了65岁是时候，对所有的童年往事的记忆都慢慢的消退了。 答案：A A fade 褪色，消退 B illustrate 举例说明，图解 C confine 限制，禁闭分娩 E.g. He did not confine himself to the one language. 他没把自己局限于这一门语言。 D concern 关心，担心，涉及 4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology.
大学英语词汇教学策略探究 关键词：词汇教学策略输入内化输出 摘要：本文作者根据认知心理学的相关理论探讨了如何在潜移默化中帮助学生更快、更好、更全面的掌握词汇。从词汇的输入、内化、输出三个环节入手制定出一套切实可行的词汇教学方案。 任何一种语言的学习都离不开字、词汇的学习与掌握，英语的学习亦是如此。英语词汇教学是英语教学的重要组成部分，词汇掌握得多少，直接影响学生外语能力的发展和运用。所以利用认知心理学的相关理论，科学地进行词汇教学，提高学生的单词记忆能力，防止遗忘，是英语教学中一项十分重要的任务。 根据认知心理学信息加工理论，词汇的学习可以分为输入，内化和输出三个环节。 （一）词汇输入
词汇的输入包括音、形、两方面。读音方面：教师应提供大量听音、模仿和实践的机会，帮助学生读准音。可使用以下方法：1、听录音跟读；2、老师示范领读；3、听课文注意语音语调。拼写方面：通过掌握单词的拼读规则和发音规则，增强学生对单词的记忆能力。在此环节，注重字母、字母组合在单词中的发音，并注重发音规律的渗透。有意识地培养学生见词就能拼读，听音就能拼写的能力。使学生们逐渐具有语言感知的能力。 （二）词汇内化 在英语词汇教学方面，众多专家一致认为词不离组，组不离句，句不离段。这充分体现了语境在记忆单词方面的作用。否则，记忆只能是浅层记忆不够深入。没有语境即使记忆了很多单词也不能够学以致用。因此，应该从以下两方面入手对所学词汇进行内化。 （1）在语境中记忆单词。词汇学习不是孤立的，从读音、拼写记忆词汇只能使学生通过读音记住、拼出单词，但单词的实际意义还得放入情境交流中，才能显示出生命力和交际功能。才能培养学生实际语言运用能力。许多语言学家的研究表明：第一语言学习者的词汇知识多数来自大量的阅读，可见，在语境中学
练习4：虚拟语气强化练习题 Part I. Multiple Choice A. had taken, might still have been C. might have taken; had still been 句意：如果他听了医生的建议，他现在可能还活着。 解析：这是错综时间条件句，从句说的是过去听医生的建议，主句说的是现在的情况。因此从句中用过去完成时表示对过去事情的假设，主句中用“情态助动词might+动词原形”的形式表示对现在情况的假设。 A. were; would have let C. had been; had let 句意：如果你是健康的，昨天我就会让你去旅行了。 解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，健康状态及旅行说的都是昨天的事，因此从句中用过去完成时表示假设，主句中用would+have done的形式表示假设。 7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I _________ you long before.
that that从句中用动词原 to the hospital as soon as possible. that从句中用 D. should know
解析：这是表达非现实的愿望。Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对现在的时间而言，那么动词用过去时表示非现实的愿望。 that从句中用动词原形表示主观 A. should not succeed B. would not succeed
Part II. Error Analysis 1. Your director would have been inclined to favor your request if you would have waited for another occasion when he was less busy with other more important matters. 修改：would have waited →had waited 句意：如果你能等到主管处理不太重要事情的、不太忙的其他时候，他是有可能愿意接受你的请求的。 解析：根据语境及句中时态判断，找主管提出请求这件事已经发生了，针对过去事情的假设，从句中应该使用过去完成时。 expects cast takes the time to
第三套题 1. The headmaster was strict. He requested that we ______{s/1} television on week nights. [A]. not watch [B]. must not watch [C]. not be watching [D]. haven’t watched 2. [D]o you remember ______{s/1} to Professor Smith during your last visit? [A]. to be introduced [B]. being introduced [C]. having introduced [D]. to have introduced 3. He can't afford the ordinary comforts of life, ______{s/1}luxuries. [A]. not to speak of [B]. let alone [C]. to say nothing [D]. let it alone 4. The dog was nowhere ______{s/1}. [A]. to find [B]. to be found [C]. to finding [D]. found 5. He has to decide within a ______{s/1} while he is still young and can make choices. [A]. given period [B]. giving period [C]. period giving [D]. period gives 6. Having been on the ______{s/1} for the whole month, the criminal decided to turn himself in to the police. [A]. escaped [B]. caught [C]. way [D]. run 7. Seeing that the last bus was leaving, he made a ______{s/1} for it while shouting "Wait! Wait!" [A]. drive [B]. dash [C]. race [D]. relay 8. If we carry out our plan with ______{s/1}, we will surely achieve our goal sooner or later. [A]. conditions [B]. determination [C]. competition [D]. frowns 9. Jessica ______{s/1} her father on the knee and asked him not to worry about his health.
浅谈大学英语词汇教学(一) 论文关键词：英语教学词汇教学语境 论文摘要：我国的英语词汇教学在很多情况下忽视了词汇存在的特定的语言环境，往往是孤立地教词，以致造成学生的词汇学习因缺乏语言的文化背景而思维简单。许多学生学习英语，“记住”了一定量的词汇，却难以得体地运用英语去表情达意进行交际。如何有效地进行词汇教学研究是目前英语教学领域中一个十分值得重视的问题。 Abstract:Englishvocabularyteachinginourcountryisbarelyrelatedwiththeculturalbackgroundsofthe vocabulary,withtheignoranceofthecontextandthedevelopmentofthem,therefore,itresultsinstuden tsexpressingthemselveswithdifficultyonsomeoccasions.ItistheissuethathowEnglishvocabularyteac hingeffectivelyisreinforcedatpresent. Keyword:Englishteaching;vocabularyteaching;context 1.引言 学生语言技能与交际能力的提高，是当今英语教学中一个亟待解决的问题，而提高学生语言技能与交际能力的基础在于准确理解词汇的意义，如何有效地进行词汇教学研究是目前英语教学领域中一个十分值得重视的问题。 语言运用中的负载信息主体是词汇，而词汇往往是英语学习的难点，因此，学好英语首先要克服生词障碍，准确理解词汇意义，提高语言应用能力。然而，在英语教学中，教师深深感到，由于学生的词汇量少，难以进行英语交流，阅读时困难重重，严重阻碍了学生英语应用能力的提高。对英语词汇教学方法的探索，总结出一套行之有效的英语词汇教学方法，并实施于英语教学中，必将会收到良好效果。 2.在语境中，理解词汇关联意义 在英语词汇教学中，教师只注重词的字面意义，即理性意义，而忽视了附加在词汇后面的内涵、情感的和牵涉许多联想的意义，直接影响语言应用能力的提高。教师应该既注重词汇的理性意义，又要引导学生注重词汇的关联意义。词汇意义大致可分为理性意义和关联意义，其中掌握词汇的关联意义是准确理解词义的关键所在。一个词除了其直接的、表面的、字典上的意义，还有其内涵的、情感的、牵涉许多关联的意义，这就是词汇的关联意义。关联意义是一种开放的、无限定的意义。词汇的关联意义分为四种类别:内涵意义(connotativemeaning)，语体意义(stylisticmeaning)，感情意义(affectivemeaning)和搭配意义(collocativemeaning)。 2.1内涵意义是指通过语言所指示是传递的意义(Leech,1987:33),由理性意义（概念意义）引起的附带性的意义或关联。它比词汇理性意义（概念意义）更为复杂，它不是意义的基本成分，而是语言使用者的内心所产生的各种联想。内涵意义具有不稳定性，它随着文化、历史和个人的经历不同而变化。如，family一词在中国孩子和西方孩子心中唤起的感情可能很不一样。内涵意义不仅随着时代和社会的不同而变化，而且即使在同一社团中，也会随个体的不同而不同。如：Cross对不信仰基督教的东方人来说，不过是个“十字形的东西”；对西方基督教徒来说就是耶稣受难、为人类赎罪的象征；对于生活在美国的黑人来说，在心中引起的联想就更加强烈、复杂了。 2.2词汇的语体意义是指由于交际方式、交际场合、交际对象、交际内容等方面的因素，所需要的词语在其长期使用过程中形成了特定的文体风格色彩。语体意义分为正式文体和非正式文体，如：TheconcertconcludedwithaperformanceofBeethoven’s5thsymphony; TheyendedtheconcertwithBeethoven’s5thsymphony.Conclude源于拉丁语，常见正式文体；而end是古英语词汇成分，多用于非正式文体。由于历史的原因，源于法语、拉丁语、希腊语的词汇多见于正式文体中。 2.3情感意义是关于讲话人或写文章那个的人对所谈事物或人的感情或态度的意义
练习5：倒装结构强化练习题——答案详解 Part I. Multiple Choice 1. You often read China Daily. ________ . A. So am I B. So do I C. Nor do I D. Neither can I Il4Lu。 答案：B 解析：“你经常看中国日报，我也看”。表示前一句所说情况适用于后一句中的主语，而且是肯定句，用so引起部分倒装句，助动词提前，相同的谓语动词省略。 2. ________ find out what happened. A. Until he woke up did he B. Until he woke up to OYH5M。 C. Not until did he wake up, he D. Not until he woke up did he VHHR9。 答案：D 解析：“直到他醒过来他才发现发生了什么事情”。not …until的句型中，为了强调“直到……”这一时间概念，经常把Not until引起的时间状语从句置于句首，该从句中没有任何倒装，主句需要部分倒装，把助动词置于主语前。该句中，not until he woke up是从句，he found out what happened是主句。直陈语气下的句子应该是：He did not find out what happened until he woke up. 3. _________ got into the room _______ the telephone rang.2LZln。 A. No sooner had he; when B. He hardly had; then u09Sk。 C. H ardly had he; when D. He hardly had; than QhBD9。 答案：C 解析：“他刚一进房间电话就响了起来”。表达“刚一……就……”常用句型包括：Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done …when …，或者No sooner had sb. done …than …。这两个句型中，Hardly/Scarcely/No sooner后引起的是主语，when/than后引起的是从句，该句型中，主句的动作先发生，然后从句中的动作才发生，即“刚刚主句的动作一发生，就发生了从句中的动作”这一含义。因此，主句中通常用过去完成时，而从句用一般过去时。 4. Little _______ about his own health though he was very ill.xWk7D。 A. he cared B. he cares C. does he care D. did he care CHnGA。 答案：D 解析：“他几乎不在乎自己的健康，尽管他病得很重”。Little在句中的用法是否定含义的程度副词，表示“几乎不”，位于句首时，其后面的句子要部分倒装。该句的直陈句为：He cared little about his own health though he was very ill. 5. ________, you would have met him. A. If you were there B. Should you been there0YvwT。 C. If you went there D. Had you been there mFYbH。 答案：D 解析：“如果当时你在那儿的话，你就见到他了”。该句是if条件句中的虚拟语气，是针对过去已经发生事情的虚拟，从句中应该是过去完成时，主句
新视野大学英语词汇练习题（附答案） 1 【Vocabulary】Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. As a result of his hard work, he has gained _____ to the Beijing University. A) access B) commitment C) opportunity D) reward 2. Good habits of living have proved to be of much _____ to our health. A) barrier B) benefit C) immunity D) commitment 3. Experts have _____ with some effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading. A) caught up B) put up C) come up D) kept up 4. We are expecting to see that the concerted research work will come up with a _____ solution to the problem. A) permanent B) perspective C) persistent D) persuasive 5. The news made many scientists _____ that the living environment on the planet has been going worse. A) awful B) upset C) tuneless D) lucky 6. On the conference, representatives from different countries _____ different viewpoints on this matter. A) put out B) put off C) put forth D) put down 7. Susan has not been officially _____ to Johnson. A) engaged B) occupied C) practiced D) undertaken 8. It is not polite to _____ a speaker with frequent questions. A) interpret B) intervene C) interrupt D) interfere 9. The action of cheating in an examination would ____ you ____ severe punishment. A) cause…to B) subject…to C) turn…to D) take…to 10. Professor Taylor’s talk has indicated that science has a very strong _____ on the everyday life of the human society.
索玉柱编 Part I Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 01. The independent counselor, Mr. Starr, ________ USA President, Bill Clinton, of sexual harassment. A) blamed B) charged C) scolded D) accused 02. He ________ a long pole in the center of the field, and on the top of it I hung the lamp. A) put up B) put out C) put on D) put up with 03. After taking office, China's Prime Minister, Mr. Zhu Rongji tried his best to promote the new ______ policies. A) economic B) economical C) economy D) economics 04. Look at these clouds. ________. A) It will rain B) It's going to rain C) It will be raining D) It is to rain 05. Living here in the deep forest with no one else near you must be very ________. A) sole B) alone C) only D) lonely 06. This committee ________ 3 personnel appointed by the Owner and 5 appointed by the Contractor. A) is composed of B) consists in C) makes up D) sets out 07. They have been _______ with that company for many years. A) comparing B) dealing C) keeping D) combining 08. If you want to know the times of buses, please ________ at the office. A) inquire B) inform C) require D) request
北方 BEIFANGJINGMAO 通过历年来在大学生当中的调查, 英语成绩差的同学往往是由于词汇掌握太少, 阅读时处处遇到“拦路虎”。一篇文章读下来, 手心出汗, 脑子里却空空如也。面对翻译和写作题, 更是举步维艰, 下笔便错。有些同学认为记单词味同嚼蜡, 把英语视为畏途。久而久之, 产生厌学心理, 甚至放弃、逃避学习。学习外语必定要过词汇关，英语学习更是如此。没有词汇量或词汇量太少就是“半文盲”, 谈不上什么水平, 听、说、写能力也只是纸上谈兵而已。英语的全部词汇估计有一百多万个, 学生们不可能也没必要记住所有的英语词汇, 但至少要熟练使用大学英语教学大纲中所要求掌握的词汇。然而这六七千个词就已经令不少同学头疼不已。怎样识记英语词汇, 成为英语学习中的一大难题, 怎样教会学生识记英语词汇, 也是教师在词汇教学中的难题。因此, 教师在英语教学中也要把握词汇教学的主旨, 有效地帮助学生记忆词汇并掌握词汇的用法。 一、词汇学习难的主要原因（一）客观原因 现行教材词汇量太大, 很多单词在教材中复现率低, 要“认识”单词、“识记”单词、“理解”单词，进而学好英语，的确得下苦功。目前, 现代化教学设施和教学手段尚未普及，教学任务比较繁重, 教师要在现有的条件下，充分调动学生的积极性, 发挥其主观能动性，争取有良好的收效。在英语教学中, 教师应对症下药、有的放矢，让学生懂得用科学的方法记忆单词，与“遗忘”作不懈斗争, 并以此贯穿教学过程的始终。 （二）主观原因 记忆力、理解力和创造力都是人的智能的具体表现。记忆力是人脑对过去感知的和对操练过的知识的反映, 是属于人的心理活动的范畴, 是人认识客观事物并运用知识解决实际问题的一种能力。有的人有惊人的记忆力, 能过目不忘，这种超强的智慧当 然是一笔财富, 一种幸运。而一般来说, 根据人的生理特征, 人的记忆力都有一个时间性, 随着时间的推移会减弱对于事物的记忆, 直至最后完全消失。实际上,常人的记忆力可以通过后天的环境教育、实践作用得到培养和发展。多读勤记是最基本的加深记忆的方法, 所谓“笨鸟先飞”、“勤能补拙”说的都是这个道理。那么具体可以通过什么方法来实现对于单词的记忆、产生良好的学习的效果呢? 二、词汇教学的主要方法 （一）词汇教学与语法教学相结合 英国著名的语言学家D. A. Wilkins 曾说：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西，而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西”。也有人这样比喻词汇与语法之间的相互关系：语言好比一座大厦，语法好比其建筑的框架，词汇则是建筑该大厦的砖块。这一比喻虽不十分确切，但却非常形象地揭示了词汇与语法之间相互依赖而又彼此独立的关系。 外语教学中，语法和词汇哪一个更重要，则见仁见智。传统的外语教学强调向学生传授语法知识，在一定程度上把语法结构作为外语教学的终极目标。从二十世纪七十年代后期开始，词汇教学在外语教学中才得到重视，人们充分利用词汇和语义研究的成果，设计出许多旨在帮助学生掌握语言中基本词汇用法和练习的教学活动。应用语言学家们试图通过研究词汇习得的特点，寻找外语教学中词汇教学的最佳途径。我们认为，在大学英语教学中，词汇教学应该与语法教学相结合，教师不但要教会学生掌握语法知识，还要使学生掌握词汇学的基本知识——诸如构词原理、语义构成、语义关系、词源知识等。 （二）引导学生通过阅读增加词汇量 利用上下文对词义进行猜测的猜测法是词汇学习研究中讨论较多的问题，也是倍受许多教师青睐的一种词汇学习策略。对词汇教学来说，我们可以引导学生通过阅读来掌握词汇。通过阅读，学生不仅可以复习、巩固已掌握的词汇，还可以接触、学习新词汇，阅读是提高词汇量的最佳途径之一。在这方面，教师在讲解精读课文时，可从句子的结构、上下文的对比、对生词的解释和比较以及词的重述等方面来引导学生猜测词义。例如：《大学英语.精读》第一册“How to Improve Your Study Habits”这一课里，有这样一句话“even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work”， 这里“average”这个词 收稿日期：2008-04-07 作者简介：王爱萍（1976-），女，哈尔滨人，硕士，讲师，研究方向：英语教学。 文摘编号:1005-913X(2008)07-0205-CA 摘要:“：词汇教学是大学英语教学的重要组成部分。从某种程度上讲,词汇教学是大学英语教学成败的关键。词汇量的不足直接制约着学生外语水平的提高。大学英语词汇学习难的主要原因既有主观方面，也有客观方面。词汇的学习应该结合语法、阅读、语境和词汇的文化内涵，以此来增强学习效果。关键词:大学英语；词汇教学；词汇中图分类号:Ｈ313 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-913X(2008)07-0205-02 王爱萍 （哈尔滨理工大学 公共外语部，哈尔滨 150080） 大学英语词汇教学方法谈