英国与爱尔兰
Part One Multiple Choice
1.Which of the following is not a name people use to refer to the UK? B
A. Great Britain
B. The British Island
C. The United Kingdom
D. Britain
2. is the capital city of Wales. D
A. Belfast
B. Edinburgh
C. Aberdeen
D. Cardiff
3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over ________ millions. C
A. 160
B. 600
C. 60
D. 16
4.The two landmarks of London are _________. A
A. Guildhall and St. Paul’s Cathedral
B. Guildhall and Covent Garden
C. City Hall and St. Paul’s Cathedral
D. City Hall and Covent Garden
5.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. D
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northern Ireland
6.The largest lake in the UK is located in ________. D
A. England
B. Wales
C. Scotland
D. Northern Ireland
7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. C
A. Celtic
B. Indo-Iranian
C. Germanic
D. Roman
8.In the early part of 11th century, ________ replaced English as the official language in England. B
A. German
B. French
C. Celtic
D. Indo-European
9.English was standardized because of the ________. A
A. introduction of printing press
B. first industrial revolution
C. reins of William the Conqueror
D. French retreat from England
10.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ________ words to English D
A. Danish and Finnish
B. Dutch and German
C. French and Italian
D. Latin and Greek
11.Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of ________. B
A. southeastern England
B. southwestern England
C. southern Scotland
D. northern Wales
12.At present, nearly of the world's population communicate in English. B
A. half
B. a quarter
C. one third
D. one fifth
13.Julius Caesar and his ________ troops invaded the British islands in year 55 BC. A
A. Roman
B. Italian
C. Greek
D. Germanic
14. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. D
A. Norman
B. Danish
C. Celtic
D. Germanic
15. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England. D
A. Celtic Christianity
B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity
C. Germanic Christianity
D. Roman Christianity
16.All the coronations of the British nation have been held in ________ since the 11th century. B
A. the City Hall
B. Westminster Abbey
C. the King’s Council
D. Buckingham Place
17. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ________. B
A. St. Augustine
B. Edward the Confessor
C. William the Conqueror
D. Alfred the Great
18.________ improved the courts of justice, introduced the jury system and institutionalized common law in Britain. C
A. Edward the Confessor
B. St. Augustine
C. Henry II
D. Duke William
19.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England. D
A. Viking invasion
B. signing of the Magna Carta
C. Norman Conquest
D. Adoption of common law
20.The Magna Carta protected the basic principles for the protection of ________ in Britain. A
A. individual rights
B. feudal system
C. traditional rights
D. class system
21. The two houses of parliament, instituted by the mid-14th century, was an effort to gain the support of ________. A
A. middle class
B. nobles
C. clergymen
D. lords
22.The Hundred Year’s War was a series of wars fought between ________. C
A. England and Scotland
B. England and Wels
C. England and France
D. England and Ireland
23. During the Wars of the Roses, the White Rose was the badge of the ________. B
A. House of Lancaster
B. House of York
C. House of Valois
D. House of Tudor
24. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the role of . D
A. the House of Valois
B. the House of York
C. the House of Tudor
D. the House of Lancaster
25. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII's effort to ________. A
A. divorce his wife
B. break with Rome
C. support the Protestants
D. declare his supreme power over the church
26.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between . B
A. Protestants and Puritans
B. Royalists and Parliamentarians
C. nobles and peasants
D. aristocrats and Christians
27. The monarchy was abolished and England was declared a commonwealth after the execution of ________. B
A. Oliver Cromwell
B. Charles I
C. Henry VIII
D. Queen Elizabeth I
28.The Bills of Rights was passed by the Parliament directly after ________. B
A. the Civil War
B. Glorious Revolution
C. Religious Reformation
D. the Hundred Years War
29.That ________ is not one of the Reasons for the industrial Revolution breaking out in Britain. C
A. Britain had a huge market
B. England acquired wealth from India and America
C. England won more religious freedom from Rome
D. enclosure movement deprived small landowners of property.
30.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century. D
A. 17th
B. 18th
C. 19th
D. 20th
31.The King or Queen is the head of state in Britain. Their powers are ________. A
A. symbolic
B. enormous
C. moderate
D. supreme
32.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ________
C
A. judiciary
B. legislature
C. monarchy
D. executive
33.The British Constitution is made up of three main part with the exception of ________. D
A. Statutory Law
B. Common Law
C. Conventions
D. the Unwritten
34.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ________. D
A. passing the bills
B. advising the government
C. political parties
D. public attitude
35.British Cabinet works on the principle of ________ A
A. collective responsibility
B. individual responsibility
C. defending the collectivism
D. defending the individuals
36.The house of Commons performs three functions except ________. D
A. drafting new laws
B. scrutinizing government actions
C. supervising finance
D. forming new cabinet
37.________ can force a government to resign by passing a Motion of No Confidence. D
A. The Cabinet C. the Monarch
C. House of Lords
D. House of Commons
38.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to ________. B
A. make decisions
B. give advice
C. pass bills
D. supervise the Cabinet
39.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every ________ years. C
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
40.The two parties in the British political system are ________. A
A. the Conservative and the Labor
B. the Conservative and the Union
C. the Labor and the Democrat
D. the Union and the Democrat
41.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and ________. D
A. government intervention
B. nationalization of enterprises
C. social reform
D. a belief in individualism
42.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ________. A
A. set up the National Health Service
B. improved public transportation
C. abolished the old tax system
D. enhanced the economic
43.The national election in Britain usually lasts for _______ and then the counting begins. A
A. one day
B. one week
C. two weeks
D. one month
44.In 2005, the Commonwealth became an organization composed of ________ countries. D
A. 23
B. 33
C. 43
D. 53
45.The British economy achieved global dominance by the ________. C
A. 1860s
B. 1870s
C. 1880s
D. 1890s
46.The ________ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain. A
A. oil crisis
B. high inflation rates
C. large imports
D. unemployment problem
47.Of the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform. C
A. reducing child benefits
B. shortening the unemployment benefits period
C. reducing the unemployment
D. lowering old age pensions
48.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except ________. D
A. limiting government spending
B. keeping inflation under control
C. reducing unemployment
D. reducing inequality
49.Britain’s agriculture is not characterized by________. D
A. small farming population
B. high degree of mechanization
C. advanced machinery
D. high dependence on import
50.The traditional energy industry in Britain is ________. A
A. coal mining
B. oil industry
C. nuclear power
D. wind energy
51.________ is not one of the top ten British companies in oil industry. D
A. Shell
B. BP
C. BG
D. GM
52.The three major trends in the British economy since the war have been the following except ________. D
A. the decline in the agricultural sector
B. the reduction in the industrial sector
C. the expansion of the service sector
D. the growing in the secondary industry
53.The three principle financial centers of the world are ________. A
A. London, New York and Tokyo.
B. London, New York and Hong Kong
C. London, New York and Paris
D. London, New York and Berlin
54.The car industry in Britain is mostly ________. A
A. foreign-owned
B. state-owned
C. joint-venture
D. privately-owned
55.Of the following sectors in Britain, _______ has experienced spectacular growth since the end of World War II. C
A. agriculture
B. energy industry
C. service industry
D. manufacturing industry
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2917784181.html,cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between ________. A
A. 5 to 16
B. 6 to 18
C. 7 to 16
D. 7 to 18
57.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources
except________. B
A. tuition fees
B. loans
C. donations
D. corporate contributions
58.In Britain, the equivalent of the A-levels is the ________. A
A. GNVQs
B. GCSE
C. GCSS
D. GNSS
59.Of the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities. A
A. result in national entrance test
B. A-level result
C. an interview
D. school references
60.The only privately-financed university in Britain is ________. C
A. Oxford
B. Cambridge
C. Buckingham
D. University of London
61.In Britain, it is no exaggeration to say that the media can ________. B
A. shape the public opinions
B. promote people’s moral standards
C. influence the rule of a government
D. determine people’s political orientation
62.The oldest national newspaper in Britain is ________. C
A. The Times
B. The Guardian
C. The Observer
D. The Daily Telegraph
63.Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of ________. C
A. The Times
B. The Guardian
C. The Observer
D. The Daily Telegraph
64.The top pay television provider in Britain is ________. D
A. ITV
B. BSB
C. SkyTV
D. BSkyB
65.Of the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays. D
A. families getting together
B. friends exchanging good wishes
C. friends enjoying each other's company
D. families traveling overseas
66.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________. A
A. Trooping the Color
B. Queen's Christmas message
C. Boxing Day
D. Christmas pantomime
67.In Britain, for churchgoers, the most important Christian festival is _______. A
A. Easter
B. Christmas
C. Boxing Day
D. Remembrance Sunday
68.The most important work by authors in the Middle English period is _______. B
A. Beowulf
B. The Canterbury Tales
C. The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus
D. Areopagitica
69.Shakespeare’s 37 plays fall into three categories except _______. C
A. comedy
B. tragedy
C. fantasy
D. historic play
70.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is ________. B
A. poetry
B. drama
C. novel
D. pamphlet
71.Gulliver’s Travel was written by ________. A
A. Jonathan Swift
B. John Milton
C. Alexander Pope
D. Daniel Defoe
72.The major “second generation” of Romantic poets included the following except ________. D
A. Lord Byron
B. Percy Shelley
C. John Keats
D. William Wordsworth
73.________ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence". C
A. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"
B. Don Juan
C. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads"
D. Prometheus Unbound
74.In the Victorian era, the leading form of literature was ________. C
A. poetry
B. drama
C. novel
D. pamphlet
75.The distinguished English women novelists of the 19th century are the following except ________. D
A. Jane Austen
B. the Bronte sisters
C. George Eliot
D. Virginia Woolf
76.Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo- Romanticism. C
A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.
B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.
C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".
D. Treasure Island was a representative work.
77.Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. D
A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group".
B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.
C. She was an influential feminist.
D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.
78.Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. B
A. Samuel Beckett
B. James Joyce
C. William Golding
D.V.S. Naipaul
79.The island of Ireland is separated from mainland Europe by ________. A
A. the Celtic Sea
B. the Irish Sea
C. the North Sea
D. the English Channel
80.The largest city in Ireland is ________. A
A. Dublin
B. Cork
C. Waterford
D. Galway
81.________ established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6th century BC. B
A. Hunter-gatherers from Britain
B. Celtic tribes
C. British invaders
D. Viking Danes
82.The ________ resulted in the Irish Civil War. C
A. Act of Union
B. Unilateral Declaration of Independence
C. Anglo-Irish Treaty
D. Anglo-Irish Agreement
83.Under the leadership of Prime Minister John A. Costello, a series of legislation was passed in Ireland in order to ________. A
A. reduce inflation and living cost
B. reduce secondary industry and production
C. establish better social welfare system
D. build closer political relation with the UK
84.By 1980, the following except ________ were all serious problems in the Irish society. B
A. inflation
B. budget deficit
C. unemployment
D. foreign debt
85.Ireland declared itself a republic in ________, completely independent of Britain. C
A. 1900
B. 1939
C. 1949
D. 1959
86.In 1985, after successful negotiation with the British Prime Minister ________, Ireland signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement with the UK. A
A. Margaret Thatcher
B. Tony Blair
C. Mary Robinson
D. Albert Reynolds
87.Ireland is called "the Celtic Tiger" because of its ________. B
A. aggressive foreign policies
B. rapid economic growth
C. growing emigration
D. vigorous economic reform
88.Ireland has four main political parties including ________. B
A. Fianna Fail
B. the Democratic Party
C. the Labor Party
D. Fine Gael
89.In Ireland, most people are ________. A
A. Roman Catholic
B. Protestant
C. Muslim
D. Orthodox Christian
90.In Ireland, the head of state is the ________. B
A. Prime Minister
B. President
C. British monarch
D. General Governor
Part Two True or False
1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T
2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F
3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe----the Britons. T
4.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. T
5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House. T
6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. F
7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products. F
8.The fishing industry provides more than 50% of Britain's demand for fish. T
9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world. F
10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.
T
11.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder. T
12.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad. T
13.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws. F
14.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue. F
15.London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom. T
16.The King James Bible is considered to be in Modern English. T
17.Magna Carta was made in the interest of the lower class. F
18.The British Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalists known as the Cavaliers and Parliamentarians known as the Roundheads. T
19.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T
20.The Parliament is supreme decision-making body in the British government. F
21.Before World War II, the leadership of Britain was almost continually in the hands of the Conservative Party. T
22.The British Empire is the successor of the Commonwealth of Nations. F
23.During Thatcher’s leadership, the power of the trade unions was curbed. T
24.In Britain, there are two parallel school systems for primary and secondary school. One is the state system. The other is the occupational system.
F
25.The Boxing Day falls on the day after Easter. F
26.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century. T
27.T. S. Eliot was the leading figure of the modernist movement in English poetry. T
28.After WWII, Ireland had slightly a better economy when Britain and mainland Europe experienced economic devastation. F
29.Fianna Fail, originally part of Sinn Fein, is the largest party in Ireland. T
30.Ireland is the second country with the lowest population density. F
Part Three Blank Filling
1.The Great Britain is geographically and historically divided into three parts: England, Scotland, and_Wales_.
2.During the period of William the Conqueror, _French_, spoken by the Normans, replaced English as the official language in England, while English
was only used by the lower class.
3._The Hundred Years' War_ (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne.
4.the _enclosure movement_ (圈地运动) deprived many small landowners of their property. This new class of "landless laborer" now had to seek paid
employment from the large landowner or to find work in the rapidly growing industrial areas.
5.The _Industrial Revolution_ began in the textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions, such as the Spinning Jenny.
6.Britain refused to join the European _Economic_ Community (EEC) when it was founded in the 1950s.
7.As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the legislature, _the executive_ and the
judiciary.
8.The _House of Commons_, though often referred to as the Lower House, is the center of parliamentary power.
9.The government is made up of the _Prime Minister_, the Cabinet ministers, and assistants to the ministers.
10.The headquarters and the standing bodies of the Commonwealth of Nations are all located in _London_.
11.Now, education in Britain is divided into four stages: primary, secondary, further education and _higher education_.
12.The _British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (英国广播公司)_, affectionately referred to as the "Beeb" or "Auntie Beeb", is Britain's main public
service broadcaster.
13.One of Britain's most impressive and colorful festivals takes place on the second Saturday in June, when the Queen's official birthday is officially
celebrated with _"Trooping the Color''_ around Buckingham Palace in London, which is also known as the Queen's Birthday Parade.
14.The capital city of Ireland is _Dublin_, which straddles the mouth of the River Liffey, which flows through the city center.
15.There are two dominant official languages in Ireland, _Gaelic(or Irish)_ and English.
16.Edinburgh, the capital of _Scotland_, is famous for the University of Edinburgh, one of the largest universities in Britain.
17.At present, nearly _a quarter_ of the world's population use English. It has become a universal lingua franca.
18.After Richard I, son of Henry II, was killed in France, his brother John ascended the throne in 1199. Dissatisfied with John's leadership, the
lords forced him to sign the _Magna Carla(大宪章)_, or the Great Charter, as it is more commonly referred to, on June 15, 1215.
19.The _Wars of the Roses_ (1455-1485) was a series of civil wars between two great noble families: the House of York (约克王室), whose badge was
a white rose, and the House of Lancaster.
20.The process of decolonization transformed the British Empire into _the Commonwealth of Nations_.
21.Besides Oxford, _Cambridge_ is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in Britain.
22.At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, _Romanticism_ appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It is a revolt against the prescribed
rules of Classicism.
23.The 20th-century English literature can be roughly divided into two periods: Modernism and _Postmodernism_.
24._James Joyce (1882-1941)_, an Irish novelist, is another of the novel Ulysses.
25.The island of Ireland is the _second_ largest island in Europe.
26._Sinn Fein (新芬党)_ was founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Arthur Griffith, leader supporting Irish home rule. By 1910, it had
become the country's dominant political party.
27._Standard English_ is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.
It is also called Queen's English or BBC English.
28.The full name of Britain is the _United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland_.
29._England_ is the most populous and wealthiest part of Britain.
30.In Britain, the majority of the population is descendants of _the Anglo-Saxons_, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the
5th and 7th centuries.
Part Four Short-Answer Questions
1.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?
The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modem English.
2.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after WWII?
Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.
3.What are the three functions of the House of Commons?
The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy。
4.Why are independent candidates unlikely to win the general election?
Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates
5.What are the negative aspects of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?
Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work
6.What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain?
The popular tourist attractions in England include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on。
7.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?
The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.
8.What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of the 19th century?
The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of the 19th century are Neo- Romanticism and Aestheticism. Those who belong to Neo-Romanticism laid emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and those of Aestheticism believed in "art for art's sake".
9.Why was Cork given the nickname “the Rebel Country”?
Because people of Cork fought to overthrow English rule as early as in 1491, and they are proud of their participation in the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War.
10.What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?
Britain's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.
Part Six Essay Writing
1.What is Standard English?
Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.
2.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.
3.What are the major causes of Britain’s relative decline in the postwar period?
Britain's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive
military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make substantial financial cont
ributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after World War II whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.
4.Briefly state the “quality press” and the “tabloids” in Britain.
Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in Britain, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.
5.What are the goals of the four main political parties in Ireland?
Fialma Fáil pursues a policy of complete political separation from Britain and supports peaceful reunification of the whole i sland. The key principles of Fine Gael are equality of opportunity, pro-enterprise policies, security, and integrity and hope. The aim of the Labor Party is to establish a society without poverty, which is based on democracy, equality, participation and cooperation. The Progressive Democratic Party supports free enterprise, marked separation between church and state, and a peaceful resolution to the problems in Northern Ireland.
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《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answer to the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, I point for each) 1.The British Isles are made up of _A_ large islands and hundreds of small ones. A.two B. three C. four D.five 2.The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes captured York , an important center of Christianity in _B_ A. 835 B. 867 C. 876 D.878 3.The spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of _D_, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury B.the barons C.the church D.the king 4.The nobles force King John to sign _A_ on June 19, 121 5. A. the Great Charter B. the People's Charter C.the Declaration of Btreda D.the Bill of Rights. 5.In _C_ , Philip II of Spain dispateched the fleet to invade Englad without success. A. 1585 B.1587 C. 1588 D.1589 6.The Commonwealth of England created by Oliver Cromwell lasted only _B_ years. A. 10 B.11 C.12 D.13 7.One of Cromwell's first acts after declaring England a Commonwealth, was to crush a rebellion in _D_ A. Scotland B.Wales C. England D.Ireland. 8.The first steam engine was devised by _b_ at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design. A. Robert Bakewell B.Thomas Newcomer C.Jethro Tull D.Thomas Coke 9.By _A_ Britain had built up a big empire, "on which the sun never set". A. 1900 B.1910 C. 1920 D.1930 10.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28, _B_, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A. 1913 B. 1914 C. 1915 D.1916 11.At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, becaus_D_. A. people did not support his postwar policies B. Britain's old-colonial possessions were left C. Britain failed to become a full member of the EEC D. people wanted to forget about the war behind them and as Churchill had symbolized the war effort 12.In 1982, teh Falkland Islands War broke out between Britain and _a_ A. Argentina B.Brazil C. Peru D.Columbia
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二） (考试时间150分钟) (英语专业) I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%) 1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______. A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country. 3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright 4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________. A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry 5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House 6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army
I. Choose the correct answer from the options given: （20 points, 1 point each） 1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London ? A. The cultural centre. B. The business centre. C. The financial centre. D. The sports centre. 2. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain ? A. Economic differences between north and south. B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales. C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker. D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British. 3. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street They came first _______. A. to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland B. to protect the Catholic people C. to protect the Protestant people D. to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social Order 4. In the early 1970s, the IRA _________. A. killed many Protestants and Catholics B. burned down the houses of Catholics’ C. murdered individuals at random D. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target 5. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with “direct-rule” from London ? A. The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants. B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively. C. The Power-Sharing policy couldn’t be carried out. D. All the above.
英语国家概况翻译 Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to The United Kingdom 我们正在研究的这个国家的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这也是一个复杂的名字，对于一个在许多方面都很复杂的国家。大多数人都知道它，是因为它的庞大的海外帝国的称号使他在国家上扮演着重要的角色，但是在第二次世界大战之后的数年，这一切都结束了。然而，人们知道的那些有关英国(他们可能称它为 大不列颠)的事情，可能跟大多数真正的英国人是如果过自英国或者，错误的称为 己的生活的事情没有多大的联系。一方面，现在，帝国的时代已经过去很久了，只有老人们把帝国作为他们生活有一些意义的一件事留在记忆里。英国不再是一个帝国，尽管其过去帝国的影响可能体现在各方各面;而不是仅仅体现在与曾经是这个帝国的一部分并且建立起一个松散(自愿)的称之为英联邦国家的组织保持联系的50或更多的国家之间的密切关系。但是今天在英国国际关系中，更重要的是欧洲联盟。自从1973年始，英国成为了它的成员。考虑到当代的英国，强调它在欧盟中扮演的角色，比起英联邦的一部分，要有用得多了。作为7国集团成员的大型发达经济体，它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家。 另外一个明显旧帝国的影响在于组成英国人口本身。在20世纪50年代和60年代这段时间，受到鼓励来自这些英联邦国家的移民，导致了一个二十个人中就有一个非欧洲人的人口种族。他们自己，其父母，或者祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，仅举出这几个最有代表性的国家和地区。 这将引入什么是本章节关于英国的关键主题:因为是大多数，或所有的国家，是不可能用简单的话语来概括英国人民。很多人想到了英国，就想到了英国的绅士。但是，这仅仅是一种刻板印象，在当今，对于绝大多数英国人来说都是不适
英国历史概况 英国历史是一部征服与合并和的历史。英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成，而整个英国的历史也就是由这四个区域的历史交织组成。1535年威尔士成为英格兰王国的一部分，1707年苏格兰与英格兰正式合并为大不列颠王国，1800年大不列颠王国和爱尔兰合并成为大不列颠与爱尔兰联合王国，1922年爱尔兰共和国独立，爱尔兰北部仍留在联合王国内。 苏格兰历史简介 苏格兰位于大不列颠岛北部，英格兰之北。苏格兰的历史的正式记载是在古罗马人入侵不列颠之后的一些纪录。公元5世纪，爱尔兰北部的盖尔人（凯尔特人的一支）移居苏格兰，曾在阿盖尔郡和比特郡地区建立达尔里阿达王国。此后向东扩张到阿瑟尔森林和厄恩河谷，向北扩张到埃尔金地区。公元843年达尔里阿达国王麦卡尔平兼任皮克特王国的国王，建立阿尔巴王国，王号为肯尼思一世，一个相对独立完整的苏格兰王国逐渐成形。此后，苏格兰历经邓凯尔德王朝、坎莫尔王朝、巴里奥尔王朝、英格兰占领、布鲁斯王朝以及斯图亚特王朝统治，至1707年与英格兰王国合并成为联合王国。 威尔士历史简介 威尔士位于大不列颠岛西南部，英格兰以西。 距今约29，000年便有人类定居于威尔士。至古罗马人进入了大不列颠岛后，威尔士属于不列颠行省 公元5世纪，随着罗马人的撤离，盎格鲁撒克逊人大举入侵大不列颠，直至到11世纪，威尔士人在盎格鲁撒克逊人的高压统治与入侵中度过，而同时布灵顿人开始称自己威尔士人。公元8世纪，传说中的亚瑟王(King Arthur)领导布灵顿人抗击盎格鲁撒克逊统治。 公元9世纪和10世纪维京入侵使威尔士王国进一步统一，成为一个实体，但同时亦使威尔士落入英国皇室统治之下。 公元927年，威尔士国皇承认盎格鲁撒克逊国王阿瑟斯坦保护威尔士的主人。在随后的11世纪中，威廉一世充分利用了这种先例，在威尔士边境建立的强大而野心的封建领地制度。公元1282年，英格兰王爱德华一世征服最后一个威尔士北部和西部的威尔士公国 （Statute of Rhuddlan）公元1284年，威尔士正式被英格兰合并，爱德华一世以《罗德兰法令》 确立自己在该地区的统治。 公元1535年，《联合法案》完成英格兰和威尔士的统一，划分后者为13个郡，并规定英格兰法律通行全威尔士，英文为其官方语言。大部分威尔士人因此无法担任政府公职，但可以派代表参与英国国会。 北爱尔兰历史简介 北爱尔兰是英国的一个地区，位于爱尔兰岛东北部。公元前6600年前后，人类开始在爱尔兰岛定居。现在的爱尔兰人是古代凯尔特人的后裔，世代居住在爱尔兰岛上。公元5世纪的时候，随着罗马天主教的传入，爱尔兰人逐渐信仰了天主教，并形成了由修道院、传道士和王国组成的文化。公元8世纪末，爱尔兰岛上出现了统一的文明和法律，但政治上还没有出现统一的国家。 公元12世纪末，英王亨利二世利用爱尔兰的分裂局面，率军在爱尔兰岛登陆，征服都柏林和附近地区，建成“爱尔兰领地”，交由其四子约翰统治。但到1609年为止爱尔兰仍然是
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 《英语国家概况》第一套复习题 I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False . ( 1.5 points each , 30 points in total ) 1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. 2.People from different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. 3.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. 4.Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. 5.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. 6.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. 7.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century. 8.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. 9.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. 10.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe – the Britons. 11.The Anglo –Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. 12.The Vikings began to attack the English coasts in the 8th century. 13.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France. 14.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. 15.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. 16.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. 17.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. 18.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. 19.The members in the House of Commons in Britain are appointed rather than elected. 20.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world. Answer keys: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11.T 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T II. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. (2 points each, 40 points in total) 1. ___B_____ is the capitall city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 2. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ____D_____ is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 3. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ____B_______ England. A. northeastern B.southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern
英语国家概况（2）期末模拟试卷A ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin n 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D The Blue Ridge Mountains 7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden
爱尔兰的概况 爱尔兰是一个风景优美的国家，很多人都想去爱尔兰留学，那么今天就跟的我一起来了解一下爱尔兰的概况吧！ 人口： 爱尔兰人口不到400万，绝大部分为爱尔兰人，官方语言为爱尔兰语和英语，居民91.6%信奉罗马天主教，其他居民信奉基督教新教等。 气候： 爱尔兰的气候属温带海洋性气候。由于海湾洋流和西南季风的影响，爱尔兰的气候相当平和，整个国家的气温也高度一致，最冷的月份是1、2月，平均温度在4°C 到7°C之间，7、8月最温暖，气温在14°C到16°C。高于30°C的极端温度在爱尔兰时非常罕见的。 环境： 爱尔兰自然环境保持的相当好，全国绿荫遍布，河流纵横，被誉为“翡翠之都”。 语言： 爱尔兰的历史悠久，可追溯到5，000多年前，他的第一国语是爱尔兰语，第二国语是英语，商业语言是英语。由于英语的实用性和重要性，他已日渐成为人们日常生活中唯一使用的语言。 时差： 爱尔兰与中国北京标准时间的时差是8小时，北京时间比爱尔兰时间早8个小时。即北京时间上午8点整时，爱尔兰时间为凌晨0点整。但每年的3月最后一个星期日到10-月的最后一个星期日期间，爱尔兰施行夏日制，时差为7小时。 饮食：
爱尔兰的传统料理与英国料理相似，传统家庭料理以马铃薯，蔬菜，牛肉类为主，面包是主食之一。都柏林靠近海边，有很多新鲜的海鲜食品，海鲜类料理也很多。近年由于异国居住者的增多，爱尔兰在饮食上发生了很大的变化。在传统饮食的基础上引进了法国意大利等其它国家的料理。 交通： 从中国去爱尔兰交通便利，途经欧洲国家转机，如阿姆斯特丹，巴黎，法兰克林等。从欧洲大陆各国的主要城市每日有数次航班飞抵都柏林。从英国伦敦到都柏林的飞行时间为45分，从欧洲大陆各主要城市的飞行时间只需1.5小时左右。 经济： 九十年代中后期，爱尔兰经济发展加快，增长速度一直居于欧盟各国之首。人均收入超过了欧盟的平均水平，已成为较发达的欧盟成员国。爱尔兰高速发展的经济为欧洲国家树立了榜样，赢得了各国的称赞，被誉为“凯尔特之虎”。 历史： 公元432年圣帕特里克到此传播基督教及罗马文化，1169年遭英国入侵，1541年起英王成为爱尔兰国王。1916年都柏林爆发抗英的“复活节起义”，1921年12月6日英被迫允许爱南部26郡成立“自由邦”，北部6郡仍归英国。1937年爱宣布“自由邦”为共和国，仍留在英联邦内。1948年12月21日脱离英联邦，1949年4月18日英承认爱独立，但拒绝归还北部6郡，爱尔兰的国庆日3月17日（圣帕特里克日）。 文化： 爱尔兰民风淳朴，人民热情、友好，而且渴望了解其它的社会和文化。在家里、酒馆或其它地方相聚和交谈乃是国民惯常的消遣方式。爱尔兰文学在世界上受到很高的评价，在过去100多年中爱尔兰优秀的英语作家辈出，如叶芝、詹姆斯.乔伊斯、肖伯纳、王尔德、乔纳森.斯威夫特
内蒙古广播电视大学2010-2011学年度 第二学期《英语国家概况1》期末试题 ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the AmericanRepublic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D TheBlue Ridge Mountains 7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden C The Scarlet Letter D The Fall of the House Usher 密 封 线 内 不 要 写 参 考 内 容 《英语国家概况1》第1页 共6页 《英语国家概况1》第2页 共6页
第十一章 Part Two The Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国 地理与历史 Geography and History 不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。 The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country. I.Geographical Features地理特征 爱尔兰共和国的面积为70，282平方公里。与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。 The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km. 首都是都柏林，The capital is Dublin. 爱尔兰一直被比作盆地，内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。海洋性气候影响全国。 Ireland has been compared to a basin in which a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highland s. Maritime influences penetrate the land. 最高峰是卡朗图山(1，041米) The highest peaks are Carrantuohill (1,041 m) 爱尔兰最大的河是香农河，它发源于斯利戈湾附近的高原, 香农河为共和国提供了大部分电力。 The largest river in Ireland is the Shannon River. It rises in the plateau near Sligo Bay, The Shannon River provides electric power for much of the Republic. 多样化是低地的主要特征。中部低地是爱尔兰的心脏。山谷的通道和低地走廊通向每一个爱尔兰海岸， Variety is the main feature of the lowlands. The Central Lowland is the heart of Ireland. Easy passageways along valley and lowland corridors lead from it to every Irish shore. 因为爱尔兰在冰川时期完全被冰层覆盖，现在所有的动植物种类都是从欧洲其他地方迁徙来的。 As Ireland was completely covered by ice sheets during the lce Age, all extant plants and animals are migrant species from other parts of Europe. 沼泽仍是爱尔兰最重要的地形特征。在所有山脉中随处可见，并覆盖低地的大片地区。