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形容词知识点

形容词知识点
形容词知识点

1.形容词

(1)形容词的定义

形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质,状态和特征。

(2)形容词的分类

1)只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone 独自的;asleep 睡着的;awake 醒着的;alive 活着的;well 健康的;ill 病的;frightened 害怕的

The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误)

2)只能作定语的形容词:little 小的;only 唯一的;wooden 木质的;woolen 羊毛质的;elder 年长的

My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder.(误)

3)以-ly结尾的形容词:lonely 独自的;friendly友好的; lively生动的;lovely 可爱的

4)复合形容词:snow-white雪白的;English-speaking说英语的;warm-hearted 热心的

(3)形容词的用法

1)作定语

What a beautiful park! 多么漂亮的花园啊!

2)作表语

She looks happy. 他看上去很幸福。

3)作宾语补足语(构成合成宾语)

Do you think it necessay? 你认为这有必要吗?

4)作状语

He arrives home, hungry and tired. 他回到家里,又饿又累。

(4)形容词在句子中的位置

形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。

1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为:

(限定词)-----一般描绘性形容词------表示大小、长短、高低的形容词-----表示

年龄、新旧的形容词------表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词-----表示物质、材料的形容词-----名词。如:

There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。

2)当形容词词组相当于一个定于从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:

The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐感兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?

3)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。如:

The river is about two hundred meters long. 这条河大约200米长。

This girl is eight years old. 这个女孩八岁.

4) 形容词与冠词(a, an, the)或代词(his, this, that…等)连用时,其词序是:冠词或代词+形容词+名词

a round table 一个圆桌

an ugly duck 一只丑小鸭

his little daughter 他的小女儿

this important article 这篇重要文章

5) 作形容词使用的名词和分词同时出现,其词序是:冠词或代词+分词+名词+名词

an exciting car race 一场激动人心的汽车大赛

an amusing magic performance 一场有趣的魔术表演

an interesting cartoon film 一部有意思的动画片

6) 表示色彩的形容词要放在作形容词使用的名词、分词以及表示质量的形容词之前

a pink book shelf 一个粉红色的书架

a black woolen sweater 一件黑色的纯毛毛衣

a blue sports shirt 一件蓝色的运动衫

7) 表示形状、尺寸或质量的形容词要放在色彩形容词(名词定语,分词以及表示质量的形容词)之前

a light white shoes shelf 一个轻便的白色鞋架

a heavy black steel chair 一把笨重的黑色刚椅

(5)形容词常用句型

1)“It’s +adj.+of +sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。

注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如: good 好的,kind 友善的,nice 友好的,polite有礼貌的,clever 聪明的,foolish 愚蠢的,lazy 懒惰的,careful 细心的,careless 粗心的,right 正确的,wrong 错误的等。如:It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我,真好。

It’s very rude of her to say such words. 她说这样的话,真粗鲁。

2)“It’s + adj. + for + sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。

注意:这一句型描述事情的形容词,如:important重要的,necessary必要的,difficult 困难的,easy 容易的,hard 艰难的,dangerous危险的,safe 安全的,useful 有益的,pleasant 舒适的,interesting 有趣的,impossibale不可能的等。It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。

It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。

3)表示感情或情绪的形容词,如: glad 高兴的,pleased 高兴的,sad 忧伤的,thankful感激的等常接不定式。如:

I’m glad to see you. 见到你非常高兴。

4)表示能力和意志的形容词,如: ready (乐意的,有准备的),able 有能力的,sure 一定,certain 一定等常接不定式。如:

Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋总是准备帮助人。

He is sure to get to school on time. 他一定会按时到校。

2.副词

3.(1)副词的定义

表示行为特征或形状特征的词叫副词。副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,用来说明时间、地点;、程度、方式等的概念。

(2)副词的分类

时间副词:today, now , soon, rencently, ago, before, since

地点副词:here, there, up, down, about, in, out, inside, outside

程度副词:very, much, enough, almost, little, quite, so, nearly

频度副词:usually, sometimes, never, always, often, seldom, rarely, hardly

方式副词:well, fast, slowly, carefully, badly, hard, quickly, happily

疑问副词:how, when, where, why

否定副词:not, hardly, neither, nor

关系副词: when, where, why

连接副词:yet, so, however, then, how, when, where, whether, why

(3)副词的用法

1)作状语

Tom quickly picked up his bag and then went to school. 汤姆赶快捡起书包,然后上学去了。(方式副词修饰动词)

Li Mei speaks very good English. 李梅说一口非常漂亮的英语。(程度副词修饰形容词)

Luckily, the driver was not hurt badly. 很幸运,那个司机伤得不重。(方式副词修饰全句)

Those old men are talking and laughing there. 那些老人正在那儿谈笑。(地点副词修饰动词)

He sometimes visits the farm with his family. 他有时和家人一起参观农场。(频度副词修饰动词)

How did you go to school last term? 你上学期是如何去上学的?(疑问副词修饰动词)

2)作(后置)定语

The clouds above lifted later on. 天上的云很快就散去了。(作后置定语修饰名词clouds)

The man uptairs felt very angry with the man downstairs. 楼上的人对楼下的人非常生气。(作后置定语修饰名词the man)

Life here is full of joy. 这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(作后置定语修饰名词life)

3)作表语

Is Bill in? 比尔在家吗?

She must off now. 她现在必须离开了。

Time is up. Let’s hurry.时间到了。咱们快点吧!

4)作宾语补足语

Her mother kept her away from school. 她妈妈不让她上学了。

Do you want to ask her in? 你想让她进来吗?

(4)副词的位置:

1)修饰形容词和副词时一般放在它们之前。如:

She is very clever. 他非常聪明。

但是enough修饰形容词和副词是放在它们之后。如“

She is old enough to go to school. 她足够大可以上学了。

2)副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:

Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首)通常我晚上做家庭作业。

I often get up at six. (句中)我常在6点起床。

Please speak slowly. (句末)请慢慢说。

3)按一般规则,既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如:

We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。

He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。

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