Outline
1. Introduction
2. Development of English News Title
2.1 History of English News Title
2.2 Functions of English News Title
2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content
2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects.
2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles
2.3.1 V ocabulary Similarities and Differences
2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences
2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences
2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences
3. Translation of English News Titles
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Addition
3.4 Omission
3.5 Negation Translation
3.6 Alliteration
3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation
4. Conclusion
[Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’ agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey.
[Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods
英语新闻标题及其翻译
[摘要]标题在新闻报道中具有独特的地位。因此在整个新闻英语翻译中标题翻译的作用不可忽视。本文拟从以下角度进行论证：英文报刊标题的文字简练醒目，无疑是来源于对英语语法得心应手的灵活运用。而要再现英文标题在原文中所起的浓缩主题、画龙点睛的作用，需要译者同样在用词和修辞等语法方面匠心独运。本文拟通过对英语新闻标题翻译原则和策略的探讨，以期能对新闻英语包括英语标题翻译找到一条具有特定翻译规则的途径作出有益的尝试。
[关键词] 英语新闻标题; 作用; 分类; 对比; 翻译方法
1 Introduction
What is the title? A title of a piece of news usually printed in large type and devised to summarize, gives essential information, or interests readers in reading the news content . Naturally readers buy newspapers in order to keep posted on daily happenings. However, t oday’s English newspapers are getting fatter with a great
number of pages. Therefore, many readers have formed the habit of scanning titles, which makes possible rapid news comprehension. Thus one of the most important purposes of titles is to inform readers quickly, which means that a well-designed title immediately tells them the gist of the accompanying story. Nothing is more important than packaging the product. A piece of news and its titles resemble the product and the packaging respectively. Only when the titles grasp the attention of the readers, the whole page can obtain vitality. So we say a final requirement of titles is to stimulate the reader’s artistic sense.Therefore, news people need to make sure that English title forms are set to beautify the layout of the newspaper and thus to interest readers in the stories.
2. Development of English News Title
2.1 History of English News Title
The history of English news title is long and it can be divided into three phases. English news titles were originated in the Qing Dynasty. The characteristic of embryo is long and complex. The second stage of news title begins with the characteristic of diversity in the 19th century 70's. The third stage is from 20th century to nowadays and has the feature of concise and simplicity. In a word, the translation of English news title experienced the process from complexity to simplicity.
2.2 Functions of English News Title
The news title is the fundament al part of any piece of news. In a time when it’s harder to get people’s attention, good writers always spend too much time and creative energy working on their titles, because they know that the title is one of the most important parts of their work. According to Bruce H. Westley, from the standpoint of the reader, newspaper titles serve the following purposes:
2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content
News titles summarize the news content, so the news content can be reflected by the titles alone. By glancing over them, the readers will know what the story is about. Readers can quickly locate the parts that interest him mostly by following the sequence of the news points line by line. Titles rank the importance of stories by the size of the print and placement on the page. And titles can convey the relative significance of the news.
2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects
News titles are essential to attract the re ader’s attention. General speaking, two methods are used. First, the consistent use of familiar title structure gives the newspaper a relatively familiar and welcome nature. Secondly, English news title is trying to make good use of the front page of a newspaper, especially in electronic media. All of that can help attract the public’s attention. The front page plays the most important role of attracting the eyeballs of the readers well. Since newspapers are usually sold on the newsstands with just the top-half of the paper showing to the passengers, reporters of newspapers try every means to make the banner titles across the top of the page attractive enough to be a crowd-stopper (Westley 1972).
2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles
Understanding the similarities and differences between the Chinese and English news titles are carrying on the accurate translation. Any thing has its general character and its individuality. The Chinese and English news title is not exceptional. Directness and factuality are the two most prominent general characters. But the different language cultural context and the news tradition enable the Chinese and English title to have their own clear characteristics.
2.3.1 Vocabulary Similarities and Differences
In most cases both English titles and Chinese titles share similarities in the vocabulary usage. First, in the news titles they both use shrinks and concise words (In Chinese we often used “armed police”,“Political Consultative Conference”,“WTO”,“Security Council”and so on. In English UN, UK, USA, NATO, WTO, NASA EU) “Minor term” is the popular word usage and t he fashionable word usage in English news titles. Second, both enjoy using popular words. Third, both enjoy using stylish words. For example:
(1) 全球瞩目A股巨震，暴跌难阻股民入市热情
(2) MP demands probe into MoD bungles (MP=Member of Parliament; MoD=ministry of
Defense
(3) 越来越多的人在聚会时喜欢“k歌”(K song is stylish word)
(4) American Online; Often Down, Never Out (Online is stylish word)
The first two examples use the popular terms and the last two ones use the stylish
word.
Differences:
Judging from vocabulary, the Chinese news title is fond of using several verbs together, but the English news title is fond of using several noun words together. English news often uses short words and some initials or acronyms which are printed in large type, Such as EEC short for European Economic Community.
(5) 开放搞活改革致富
(6) Britain “Flagship” Detention Center Abandoned
(7) 武船再助“神舟”飞天（“武船”指武昌造船厂）
(8) A 2nd LI Priest Removed (LI=Long Island)
The first example shows Chinese title uses four verbs together, while the second one shows English title uses four nouns together. That’s the difference lying in the Chinese and English news title in the vocabulary usage.
2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences
English and Chinese news titles all massively use the phrase title. In Chinese we commonly use verb-object phrase, noun phrase and so on. In English we commonly use non-localization minor sentence (for example participial phrase, Infinitive phrase and gerund phrase), adjective phrase, and preposition phrase and so on. Translation may happen according to respective characteristic transformation. E.g.
(9) Five Ways to Be Romantic
(10) Helping the Homeless to Help Themselves
(11) US carmakers ready to cut output.
(12) 走向美好明天的江西.
(13) 变化中的股市
(14) 中国与发展
In the above English news titles, the first uses the infinitive phrase, the second uses the gerund phrase and the third uses the adjective phrase. In the Chinese news titles, the first uses two verb-object, the last one uses noun -verb.
When we read English news title we will find English news titles often use simple present tense, present progressive tense and simple future tense, whose sign is obvious. However, you will find Chinese news titles often use present tense and progressive
tense. Who tense sign is not obvious (Peter, Newmark 2001).For example:
(15) French Culture Is the Doldrums
法国文化颓然不振
(16) China is growing strong.
中国正在发展壮大.
(17) China had an earth-shaking change.
中国发生了一个翻天覆地的变化
(18) 中国自然资源丰富.
(19) 总理会见了受难群众
(20) 中国法律将更加完善.
(21) 圆满取得了成功.
From the above examples we can find the first four examples use general present tense, general future tense, and present progressive tense, general past tense individually, and have obvious tense signs. The last ones use general present tense, the present tense replace past tense, future tense, past tense. But they have no obvious tense signs.
2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences
Both English and Chinese news title use the ordinary rhetoric, such as metaphor and hyperbole. It can attract more readers and make the news more clear and colorful.
(22) Dam work brings flood of debate
(23) 孩子是祖国的花朵
(24) Graying Armies March to Defend Social Security
(25) 一落千丈
The first and second examples use the metaphor. The rest uses the hyperbole. The above two kinds of rhetoric are often used in English and Chinese news titles.
As for the rhetoric, English-Chinese news title style is respectively different. The Chinese news title highly values a literary talent especial in antithesis and controls rhyme. The English news title is insipid and pays more attention to the fact. The usage of rhetoric lattice is limited. It often uses literary quotation, allegory, personification, harmonic tone, alliteration, repetition, word or phrase with double meaning, changing the order of rhetoric. Chinese news titles often use parallelism, overlapping, swing, aphorism, antithesis, comparison, word or phrase with double meanings. Some rhetoric
is respectively for English institute such as alliteration and swings.
(26) Protestant Protest
(27) Grammy Apple of New York’s Eye?
(28) The Scent of Descent
(29) 名言草，实言人。
(30) 不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海.
(31) 青山横北郭，白水遶东城。
In the above examples, English and Chinese news titles use different rhetoric. The functions of the rhetoric are different between English and Chinese news titles and they have their own features.
2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences
In some cases, Chinese and English news titles both have the abbreviation punctuation marks in titles. The function is to remain pause and divided into two or three title abbreviation topic. The meaning is still clear. The same lies in the comma and the exclamation mark. That is to say they all are used to divide the meaning group and the expression of intense sentiment. E.g.
(32) 原来如此…..
(33) What, Who, Which.....
(35) Oil’s well that ends well, hopes rig chef
(36) 克什米尔神庙附近发生火灾，死亡十人。
The first two examples use the abbreviation mark. This function is to indicate pause. The rest ones use comma to divide the title into two groups.
As far as the usage of punctuation mark is concerned, Chinese news title commonly uses comma, exclamation mark, dash, quotation mark, ellipsis, parenthesis, spacer and question mark. While English titles often use comma, colon, dash, question mark, exclamation mark, possessive case mark, oblique line mark and quotation mark. Chinese title does not use the colon, possessive case mark, oblique line mark. The English news title does not use the ellipsis, parenthesis, space. The dash is different between Chinese and English titles. The dash plays the connection and the supplement information role, and replaces the article “be”. The dash may express the meaning progressive and the transition in Chinese news. The quotation mark often emphasizes
英语新闻标题常用的60个单词 aid=assist（帮助，援助） alter=change or modify（改变） ask=inquire（询问） assail=denounce（谴责） axe=dismiss\\\\reduce（解雇，减少） balk=impede（阻碍） ban=prohibit or forbid（禁止） bar=prevent（防止，阻止） bare=expose or reveal（暴露，揭露） blast=explode（爆炸） begin=commence（开始） bid=attempt（努力） bilk=cheat（欺骗） bolt=desert or abandon（放弃） boost=increase（增加，提高） check=examine（检查） claim=ause the death of…（夺去……的生命）clash=disagree strong1y（发生分歧，争议）curb=control or restrict（控制） dip=decIlne or decrease（下降） ease=lessen（减轻，缓和） end=terminate（结束，中止） flay=criticize（批评） flout=insult（侮辱） foil=prevent from（阻止，防止） grill = investigate（调查） gut=destroy（摧毁） head=direct（率领） hold=arrest（逮捕） laud=praise（赞扬） lop=diminish（下降，减少） map=work out（制订） mark=celebrate（庆祝） name=appoint\\\\nominate（命名，提名）moot=discuss（讨论） mull=consider（考虑） nab=arrest（逮捕） nip=defeat（击败） ease=lessen（减轻，缓和） end=terminate（结束，中止） flay=criticize（批评） flout=insult（侮辱）
在国际新闻报道中，英语新闻翻译占了相当大的比重。在英语新闻中，“标题被视作报道全文的缩写”，为了尽量吸引读者，编辑往往运用各种修辞手段，力争使新闻标题更具吸引力。这为英语新闻翻译带来挑战。翻译者需调动各种翻译手段，力争把原标题的意义和风格以汉语形式再现出来。为此，翻译时应兼顾三个方面：准确理解标题意义，尤其是要透过字面理解其深层意义；在不曲解原意的情况下发挥汉语特点，以增强译文可读性；在文化背景缺失的情况下，注意译文的可接受性。 一、直译或基本直译新闻标题 直译和意译孰是孰非在我国译界争论不休，迄今未有定论。笔者以为，两种译法各有长短，翻译中需视实际情况而定，扬长避短。但无论直译还是意译，都应把忠实于原文内容放在首位。就英语新闻标题翻译而言，笔者以为，如果英语标题的含义明白，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，可考虑采用直译或基本直译。比如： Putin faces harsh press criticism over terror 普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评 Olympics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold 奥运盛妆开幕泳将喜夺首金 UK soldest person dies at 115 英国第一寿星谢世，享天年百岁又十五 以上三则新闻标题属于直译或基本直译，没有洋腔洋调，显得很自然流畅。又如：Ugly Duckling N-Shipat Last GetsHappy Home 丑小鸭核动力船终于找到安乐窝 这则新闻讲述的是某国一艘核动力船，因许多国家担心核污染而拒绝让其靠岸，所以只得在海上到处漂泊，历经周折之后最终被获准在一港口停泊。原标题中以调侃的语气将这艘核动力船比喻成安徒生笔下的“an ugly duckling”（丑小鸭），这也是广大中国读者早已熟悉的典故，故译文采用了“拿来主义”的直译手法，读者一看也就明白怎么回事了。 二、翻译中添加注释性词语 英语报刊的新闻标题往往迎合本国读者的阅读需要，而且由于思维习惯与中国人不同，英语新闻标题的表达方式也与中文有所不同。因此，翻译过程中必须充分考虑到“内外有别”的原则和我国读者的阅读心理，对国人可能不太熟悉的有关信息、文化背景知识以及不符合国内读者阅读习惯的表达方式进行必要的变通，该删则删，该增则增。正如刘宓庆先生在《文体与翻译》中说的：“即使是明白、易懂的新闻标题，我们在汉译时也常需加上逻辑主语，或电讯中有关的人的国籍、事件发生的地点等等，总之必须增补介绍性、注释性词语以利中国读者的理解，避免读者产生误会。”例如： For Beslans children, alegacy of nightmares （俄罗斯：）劫后相逢，别城孩童仍似恶梦中
新闻英语标题翻译:语态 英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“be+过去分词”形式中的助动词“be”，通常被省略，也经常不用“by”来引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义，读者切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。如： Girl Of 18 Raped After Threat With Bread Knife. (A Girl Of 18 Raped After Threat With A Bread Knife.) 餐刀威逼下，18岁少女遭强暴。 Van Goghs Recovered After Theft. (Van Goghs Are Recovered After The Theft.) 梵高名画窃而复得。 Father Jailed For Murder Of Daughter. (Father Is Jailed For The Murder Of His Daughter.) 谋杀亲生女儿父亲锒铛入狱。 其实，读者在广泛接触英语报刊时会发现，新闻标题使用动词主动语态的频率远远超过被动语态。因为从修辞学角度而言，主动语态比被动语态更加生动多彩且富有感染力，所表达的意义更为直接，或更具有说服力，使读者感到真实可信，读来朗朗上口，流利自然。英语新闻标题只有在事件或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时才使用被动语态，突出强调宾语部分，以引起读者注意。这是因为读者读报时的心理状态同看书或查阅资料时的情况不尽相同。人们往往是在就餐时或上班途中、候车、饭后用茶等较空闲时看报的，阅读时思想往往不是完全集中的。只有当他们看到一条特别能引起他们兴趣的标题时，才会把注意力全部集中起来，全神贯注的看下去。因此,英语新闻标题有时为突出动作的承受者通常采用被动语态，目的在于抓住读者的注意力。
新闻英语标题翻译:欣赏及汉译 我们在阅读英语报刊时，不仅要学会看借新闻标题，而且最好还能善于欣赏并翻 译新闻标题，惟有如此，我们才能较正确地理解英语新闻标题的词汇、语法及修辞等 特点，判断出标题的寓意。 欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题时应该兼顾三个方面：准确理解标题，领悟其妙处；适 当照顾译文特点，增强可读性；重视读者的接受能力。欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题，对 于不太熟悉英语国家历史、文化背景的读者来说，有时并不是很容易的。许多妙不可 言的精彩之处，一疏忽就可能从眼皮底下滑过去。因此，这就要求我们平时注意积累，不断熟悉英语国家的历史掌故、文艺作品以及英语的修辞手段等等。一旦真的领会并 译出了英语标题中作者苦心营造的深奥内涵，那份喜悦不亚于数学家攻克一道难题。 一、直译或基本直译 如果英语标题的含义明白、直接，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则可直译或基本直译。如： Looking Back To Look Ahead. 回首往昔展望未来。 America's Careening Foreign Policy. 摇摆不定的美国对外政策。 Bill Clinton Assumes Office In White House As Us President. 比尔，克林顿入主白宫，就任美国总统。（或译：克林顿入主白宫，新总统始掌 大权。） Olympics Begin In Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold. 奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌。
二、添加注释性词语 即使是明白易懂的新闻标题，我们在汉译时也常需酌情加上逻辑主语，或新闻人物的国籍、消息的事发地点等等。总之，应兼顾中英语新闻标题之异同，适当增补有关介绍性、注释性词语以利读者理解，避免产生误会。例如： Li Elected Cppcc Head. 李（瑞环）当选为全国政协主席。 Lewis, Xie Voted World's Top Two. 路（易斯）谢（军）当选世界最佳男女（运动员）。 Emperor's Visit A Milestone In Bilateral Ties. 天皇访华：（中日）双边关系的里程碑。 Quake Death Toll Tops 5000. （日本限神地区）地震死亡人数己逾五千。 Young Wheelers, Big Dealers. 青年摩托车手成了（保险公司）大主顾。 三、体现原文修辞特点 如果英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段，如双关、比喻、押韵等，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则应尽可能体现原标题的修辞特色。如： 押韵：After The Boom Everything Is Gloom.
随着全球化的发展，中国与世界在政治、经济、文化等各方面的交流日益增多，越来越多的人去关注国际信息。新闻媒体的发展给予我们渠道去关注国际新闻，而英语新闻报道的翻译让我们能更好地掌握国际信息。新闻标题是新闻的重要部分，做好新闻标题的翻译就极为重要。本文介绍了英语新闻标题的一些基本信息，如新闻标题的定义、功能等。同时结合实例，详细分析英语新闻标题在词汇、语法及修辞手法等层面的特点。最后根据英语新闻标题在不同层面的特点提出一些英语新闻标题翻译的原则以及在实际翻译过程中的翻译技巧及方法。 1.中英文新闻标题的总论 在信息化时代，新闻是人们生活不可缺少的一部分，新闻标题是新闻内容的高度浓缩，也是吸引读者视线的关键所在，在国际报道中，新闻占了相当大的鼻中隔，而英语新闻更是重中之重，标题被当做英语新闻报道全文的精炼概括，为了吸引读者关注，往往采用各种手法来提升新闻标题的吸引力。同时给新闻标题的翻译带来不少挑战。 1.1标题的定义 新闻标题是新闻的眼睛, 也是新闻的重要组成部分。新闻标题是新闻文本对新闻内容加以概括或评价的简短文字。其字号大于正文，作用是划分、组织、揭示、评价新闻内容、吸引读者阅读。按不同的分类标准可以分不同的种类 1.2.中英文标题对比 1.2.1.共同之处 a).它们都是新闻的重要组成部分，是对全部新闻内容的浓缩和提炼，使读者能在短时间内选择新闻，阅读新闻和理解新闻。 b).新闻报道讲究客观公正，但是新闻标题具有明显的政治倾向，媒体编辑往往利用制作标题的机会借题发挥，在概括或浓缩新闻内容的同时，巧妙的融入自己的政治倾向，借以体现媒体的政治方针，宣传自己的政治主张，便于引导舆论。 c).中英文标题在写作方面，都十分的精炼，含义深邃。 1.2.2.差异之处 a).英语新闻相对较长，占字空间较大，所以标题必须十分简单。但中文相对含义比较丰富。
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Development of English News Title 2.1 History of English News Title 2.2 Functions of English News Title 2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content 2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects. 2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles 2.3.1 V ocabulary Similarities and Differences 2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences 2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences 2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences 3. Translation of English News Titles 3.1 Literal Translation 3.2 Free Translation 3.3 Addition 3.4 Omission 3.5 Negation Translation 3.6 Alliteration 3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation 4. Conclusion
[Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’ agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey. [Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods 英语新闻标题及其翻译 [摘要]标题在新闻报道中具有独特的地位。因此在整个新闻英语翻译中标题翻译的作用不可忽视。本文拟从以下角度进行论证：英文报刊标题的文字简练醒目，无疑是来源于对英语语法得心应手的灵活运用。而要再现英文标题在原文中所起的浓缩主题、画龙点睛的作用，需要译者同样在用词和修辞等语法方面匠心独运。本文拟通过对英语新闻标题翻译原则和策略的探讨，以期能对新闻英语包括英语标题翻译找到一条具有特定翻译规则的途径作出有益的尝试。 [关键词] 英语新闻标题; 作用; 分类; 对比; 翻译方法 1 Introduction What is the title? A title of a piece of news usually printed in large type and devised to summarize, gives essential information, or interests readers in reading the news content . Naturally readers buy newspapers in order to keep posted on daily happenings. However, t oday’s English newspapers are getting fatter with a great
新闻英语标题翻译:省略 有的读者读英语报刊，心中无数，东翻翻，西看看，总想挑容易的文章读。一篇文章刚看了个头，一碰到生词，马上换一篇。如此这般，换了六、七篇，还没确定读哪篇。那么，应该怎么读？首先要有准备地阅读，如先大致了解一下某报各版的主要内容，然后按照自己的兴趣或事先拟订的阅读计划，选定一个版面，有选择地阅读。 如果碰到生词，也要坚定地读下去。要知道，对于初、中等英语水平的读者，英语报刊文章很少会不出现生词。其次要有步骤地阅读。一般应先读标题，但由于标题（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少读者常常绕开它。这是不明智的。一份英文报纸少则10至20版，多则数百版。读者一般时间有限，谁都不可能像读课文或看小说那样从头至尾一字不漏地通读一遍。我们拿起一份报纸总想迅速找到当天的报道重点或个人感兴趣的新闻和文章。怎样寻找呢？这就需要找个“向导”作介绍。显然，新闻标题就是十分理想的“向导”。这是因为标题是新闻内容的集中和概括，它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻中最主要或最值得注意的内容。英语新闻标题的措词、语法、修辞乃至标点符号等方面的特点较为突出，现一一予以简述。 省略 标题是新闻不可分割的组成部分。阅读英语报纸的新闻标题是我们学习阅读英语报刊的第一步。这么说绝无夸张之意，从语法角度来看，英语新闻标题有其一套独特的语法体系，与人们平时常见的英语句子语法有所不同，新闻英语学者称之为“标题语言”（headlines）。其中，标题中虚词的省略就是它的重要特点之一。一般而言，标题中虚词省略现象主要表现在以下几个方面： 1、冠词基本省略。 例如：Tenth Of British Mackerel Catch Ground Into Feed. (A Tenth Of The British Mackeel Catch Ground Into Feed.) 英国捕获鳍鱼一成碾为饲料。
英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容，为此，在措词上尤其要狠下功夫，选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了，偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。 这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性，而且还能节省版面篇幅。 如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词，标题一般不用damage，而用一些较之简短的词，如hit，harm，hurt, ruin或wreck等。又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词，标题一般不用abandon，而用drop，give up，quit，skip或yield 等，表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时，一般不用explode，而用blast，crash，ram或smash等词。 简而言之，英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。 aid=assist(帮助，援助) alter=change or modify(改变) ask=inquire(询问) assail=denounce(谴责) axe=dismiss\reduce(解雇，减少) balk=impede(阻碍) ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止) bar=prevent(防止，阻止) bare=expose or reveal(暴露，揭露) blast=explode(爆炸) begin=commence(开始) bid=attempt(努力) bilk=cheat(欺骗) bolt=desert or abandon(放弃) boost=increase(增加，提高) check=examine(检查) claim=ause the death of...(夺去……的生命) clash=disagree strong1y(发生分歧，争议) curb=control or restrict(控制) dip=decIlne or decrease(下降) ease=lessen(减轻，缓和) end=terminate(结束，中止) flay=criticize(批评) flout=insult(侮辱) foil=prevent from(阻止，防止) grill = investigate(调查) gut=destroy(摧毁)
English News Title and Its Translation Outline 1. Introduction 2. Development of English News Title 2.1 History of English News Title 2.2 Functions of English News Title 2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content 2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects. 2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles 2.3.1 Vocabulary Similarities and Differences 2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences 2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences 2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences 3. Translation of English News Titles 3.1 Literal Translation 3.2 Free Translation 3.3 Addition 3.4 Omission 3.5 Negation Translation 3.6 Alliteration 3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation
4. Conclusion English News Title and Its Translation [Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey. [Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods
新闻标题的翻译 注意点： 1、要准确理解并把握其特点 2、言翻译得当，增强可读性 3、注意读者的接受能力 翻译策略 一、直译或基本直译 1. Girl of 18 Raped After Threat With Bread Knife. 餐刀威逼之下18岁少女遭强暴 2. Putin face harsh press criticism over terror 普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评 二、意译 1．UK Writers Fly High on World Book Day 英国作家在世界图书日独领风骚 2．Thank Heavens For Brussels 欧盟有救了（布鲁塞尔是比利时首都，欧盟总部所在地） 三、翻译技巧 1、增词 1．Red Envelopes Becomes Burden 国庆节，婚礼红包劫 2、减词 Chinese Dating Tours Popular 找另一半？试试相亲游 助动词省略（tours are popular） 3、修辞手法 双关 1.Fans Hope to Have New York Hotel 纽约热心民众挽救百年老饭店 2.Soccer Kicks Off Violence 足球开踢（拳打脚踢） 时态语态 1、用一般现在时表过去 Street Battle in Heavy Shelling as Peace Talks Proceed. (ed) 和平谈判照常进行，街头巷战照常不停 2、用不定式表将来 Pope (is) to Visit Japan in February
教皇拟于二月访日 3、用现在分词表达正在进行的动作或正发生的事 Bill Gates Working on A New Book 比尔盖茨撰写新书科技先锋展望未来 语态（主动语态多余被动语态） 1、Google’s interview unveiled 谷歌面试题遭破解 Unveiled 过去分词在标题中可直接表达被动意义 补充 1.1st Container Hotel planned 如家将首推集装箱酒店 2.Household Wealth: China 3rd 我国家庭财富榜居全球第三 3.ID cards Enough to Board 明年起可刷身份证登机 4.35B Words Typed Daily 我国网民日均打字350亿 5.Malware Makes ATMs Spit Cash 多国ATM“被黑”自动吐钱 6.Google’s interview unveiled 谷歌面试题遭破解 Unveiled 过去分词在标题中可直接表达被动意义 7.HK cracks down on smugglers 香港严打大陆扫货“水客” cracks一般现在时表过去的事情，新闻现在时从形式上增加报道新鲜感，现实感，直接感 8.Guangzhou Fair closes, trade Booms 广交会闭幕交易兴旺 标点符号逗号一般情况下用and 连接，但是在标题中通常用逗号隔开 9.Sister act: Twins celebrate 100th birthday 双胞胎姐妹共度100岁诞辰 10.10 classic Thanksgiving dinner dishes 十种经典感恩节菜肴 11.Peaking Opera artist Ma Changli dies at 86 京剧艺术家马长礼享年86岁 12.China, will replace the US to lead the world? 中国真的能取代美国领导世界吗 13.Don't expect too much from end to interest tax 对取消利息税不可期望过重
中文题目:浅析英语新闻标题的特点及其汉译策略 英文题目: A Study on Features and Translation of English News Headlines
Contents Abstract(in Chinese) (Ⅰ) Abstract(in English) (Ⅱ) I. Introduction (1) II. A Brief Introduction on News Headlines (3) 2.1 The definition of news headlines (3) 2.2 The functions of news headlines (3) 2.3 The classification of news headlines (4) III. The Features of English News Headlines (5) 3.1 Lexical features of English news headlines (5) 3.1.1 Preference for short words (5) 3.1.2 Wide use of abbreviations (6) 3.1.3 Flexible use of journalistic coinages (7) 3.1.4 Flexible use of vogue words (7) 3.1.5 Emotive words (8) 3.2 Grammatical features of English news headlines (8) 3.2.1 Omission (9) 3.2.2Tense (10) 3.2.3 Voice (10) 3.2.4 Punctuation (11) 3.3 Rhetorical features of English news headlines (11) IV. The Techniques of Translating English News Headlines (13) 4.1 Literal translation (13) 4.2 Balance translation (13) 4.2.1 Adding words (14) 4.2.2 Cutting words (14) 4.2.3 Applying famous sayings and poem lines of English and Chinese (15) 4.3 Adding connotations in the translation (15) 4.4 Application of the original rhetoric into translation (16) 4.5 Application of slangs and proverbs (17) V. Conclusion (18) Works Cited (20) Acknowledgements (21)
新闻英语的标题专题：时态 动词表示一种动态，新闻标题在浓缩新闻内容时，如能恰到好处地用上一个动词，就能增色不少，给人以形象生动、跃然纸上的感觉。如earthquake Hits Osakakobe（地震重袭（日本）皈神地区）远比 Earthouake Inosakakobe显得具体而达意。标题中用了动词，固然好处不少，但也给我们阅读英语报刊增加了一个困难。 我们知道，英语中的动词有时态变化，在英语新闻标题中也不例外。但由于新闻标题必须言简意赅，不可能采用英语的所有时态形式来浓缩新闻事实。为此，新闻标题形成了自身独有的时态特点，以达到使动词既传神达意又具时间感的目的。英语报刊的新闻标题中一般不用过去时态，当然更不用过去完成时等时态，而采用现在时态，使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中，这叫做“新闻现在时”(Journalistic Present Tense)，与文学写作中的 “历史现在时”，（Historical Present Tense）实际上完全一样。所以，英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种：一般现在时、将来时和现在进行时。 现分述如下： 1、一般现在时通常被用来表示过去发生的事 通常情况下，报刊所载消息多为己发生过的事，按日常英语语法，标题中的动词应使用过去时态，但是这样容易给人产生一种陈旧感，似有‘昨日黄花，之嫌，缺乏吸引力。为了弥补这一缺陷，英语新闻标题常用一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的新鲜感（Freshness）、现实感。Reality，和直接感（Immediacy）。此外，标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“Ed”两个字母，节省标题字数。正因一般现在时在英语新闻标题中的这一特殊。用法，初读英语报纸的读者应特别注意这一现象，不要把它误以为是日常英语语法中的一般现在时，从而影响对全文内容的阅读与理解。例如： Comeback Gives China A Sensational Thomas Cup Win. (The Comeback Gave China A Sensational Thomas Cup Win.) 中国队反败为胜荣获汤姆斯杯。 Street Battle In Heavy Shelling As Peace Talks Proceed. (Street Battle In Heavy Shelling As Peace Talks Proceeded.) 和平会谈进行之际巷战依然炮声隆隆。 2、动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式来表达 英语新闻标题中动词将来时的表达形式除一般将来时“Will+动词原
英语知识 三、体现原文修辞特点 如果英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段，如双关、比喻、押韵等，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则应尽可能体现原标题的修辞特色。如： 押韵：After TheBoom Everything Is Gloom. 繁荣过后，尽是萧条。(或译：繁荣好景不再，萧条接因而来。) 双关：SoccerKicks Off With Violence. 足球开踢拳打脚踢。 借用典故：LibertyMother Of Invention. 自由是发明之母。 幽默：AccuserAccused. 原告没当成反而成被告。 比喻：MiddieEast: A Cradle Of Terror. 中东恐怖主义的摇篮。 四、灵活处理修辞差异。 英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段，而这种修辞手段在语言转换中如与汉语难以契合，则不妨意译，即舍弃原来的英语标题，按内容概括出合适的译文标题，切忌生搬硬套，译成晦涩难懂的句子。同时适当照顾汉语新闻标题的特点，多用动词、尾韵、对仗等修辞手段。如： 押韵：DesperateNeed, Desperate Deed. 燃眉之急非常行动。 典故：1990: YearOf Marco Polo Chic. 1990年：中国热的一年。 夸张：A Vow ToZip His Lips. 誓将守口如瓶。
双关：'Silent'Office Workers Demand To Be Heard. “不闻不问”的办公室员工今后将不再不闻不问了。 比喻：RussianReform Old Wine In New Bottle. 俄罗斯改革新瓶装陈酒。 可见，要译好英语新闻标题，除了需要透彻地理解原文内涵，领悟其妙处外，还要善于比较研究英汉两种语言新闻标题的特点，充分发挥汉语的优势。 作为一个会议口译译员，应该全面发展，不仅能搞同声传译工作，也要能搞即席传译工作，二者缺一不可。 由于同声传译比即席传译更加容易学习和掌握（这点恐怕同很多人的想象相反），所以，作为初学者，在掌握即席传译技术以前，最好先搞一段时间的同声传译工作。也就是说，应该先到只使用同声传译的会议上去工作。但是，在实际工作中，这种只使用同声传译的会议是很少的。由于工作需要，绝大多数会议总免不了要建立若干个委员会、工作组、起草组等附属机构。这些机构往往在没有同声传译设备的小会议室里开会，这就需要进行即席传译了。遇到这种情况，所有搞同声传译工作的译员，都可能被抽调到这些附属机构中去担任即席传译工作。如果某些人做不到这一点，那么他们的那份工作就要不合理地落到他们的同事身上，给别人增加负担。 More: https://www.doczj.com/doc/2d10570993.html,/jigou/yingyu-beijing/ Edit:北京英语培训机构More:yypxjgwk 所以，在大学的翻译系或翻译学校里，都把同声传译和即席传译的全面发展作为培养学生的标准，达不到这一标准，就不能取得毕业证书。 此外，译员为了保证自己的工作顺利进行，还必须根据自己的兴趣爱好开展适当的业余活动，如体育运动、娱乐游戏、从事业余研究和写作等。只有这样，他才能有健康的身体和饱满的精神，以胜任口译这一高度紧张的脑力劳动工作。 作为一个会议口译译员，应该全面发展，不仅能搞同声传译工作，也要能搞即席传译工作，二者缺一不可。
英语新闻标题的特点1
英语新闻标题的特点 The Characteristics of English News Headlines [Abstract]Today's society can be described as rapid development and changeable. How to record these social and historical change and development of new things , Mass media especially print media with its strongly deadline strict and the pursuit of new things is the best means of communication .The formation of the global village has greatly expanded the coverage of modern English ,English news reports covered all kinds of things ,for example, the solemn representation of speech of the President , the gossip of the leisure residents , the new achievement in all fields , the customs around the world, the fresh burst of interesting events and so on. However , the tiele is the sub-lease of the entire English news ,as well as the window of it ,so the importance of the title is self-evident. In this paper ,the author analysis of the characteristics of English News Headlines from four aspects, that are the formal of the English News Headlines ,the character of the words, the grammatical features and the use of rhetorical techniques. Hoping to do some help for each reader. [keywords]English News Headlines , Rhetoric, Language Features, The use of tenses 摘要：当今社会的发展和变化可谓日新月异，如何记录下这些社会历史变迁和新鲜事物的发展，大众媒体尤其是报刊媒体因其具有极强的时效性和时新性是当之不愧最好的记录手段。“地球村”的形成也大大拓宽了现代英语的涵盖范畴，英语新闻的报道可谓包罗万象，有总统庄严的任职演讲、民众闲暇的说三道四、各个学科领域的新成就、世界各地的风土人情、突发有趣的新鲜事件等等。而英语新闻标题又是整篇英语新闻报道的契子，也是整篇新闻报道的窗口，在报刊英语新闻中占据极其重要的地位。本文中，笔者从英语新闻标题的书写格式、措词特点、语法运用特点和修辞技巧的运用来详细分析了英语新闻标题的特点。望与读者共勉。
英语新闻标题 英语新闻标题特点及翻译研究 王娟1 薛楠2 杨郭婷1 ( 1 巢湖学院公外部, 安徽巢湖238000) ( 2 西北大学外国语学院, 陕西西安710127) 摘要: 新闻标题是新闻的眼睛, 也是新闻的重要组成部分。本文以新闻标题在措词、语法和修辞等方面的特点为切入点, 进而从三个方面提出英语新闻标题的翻译策略: ( 一) 直译或基本直译; ( 二) 意译; ( 三) 采用翻译权衡手法。通过对英语新闻标题特点的研究及对其翻译策略的透析, 以期对新闻翻译工作者英语新闻标题的翻译提供可鉴之策, By Their Colours You Show Know Them 欧洲色彩时尚( 意译, 点明文章内容) Some Kids Are Orchids 血案的反思( 意译, 点明文章的内容) Believing The Believers 人类的信仰( 意译,指明作者的意图) 3.3 采用翻译权衡手法 有时当一些英语新闻标题因修辞手法, 或因文化及语言差异, 在汉语中难以表达其微妙意义时, 不妨根据英语新闻标题的字面意思结合新闻内容翻译出合适的汉语标题, 可采用如下方法: 3.3.1增词使意义完整
英语新闻标题用词一般不多和英语标题倾向于对某一内容作“重点化”处理不求面面俱到这两点决定了其一般比较精炼简短。而汉语新闻标题追求“全面性”和汉语一词一意, 使得汉语标题用词相对较多。所以, 在汉译标题时, 可以结合汉语新闻标题的特点, 适当增加一些词语, 使标题形式更加趋于汉语化, 意义更趋完整, 例如: Older, Wiser, Calmer 人愈老, 智愈高, 心愈平这条新闻聚焦于当今老龄化社会, 尤其是老人们退休以后在处理各种问题时表现出来的睿智和冷静。若按照原文逐字翻译成“更老, 更明智, 更冷静”就不如增加“人”“智”“心”三字意义更加明确, 句式更加整齐, 更加符合中国读者的阅读习惯了。 3.3.2减词 减词法的目的有三: 一是尽可能减去原标题中的虚词、代词、系动词等以求语言简练; 二是省略标题中的次要信息以求突出关键信息, 同时也符合汉语标题讲究含蓄地特点。 例如: The Battle Of Human Versus Computer At Chess人机象棋大战 Through A Window: Thirty Years With The Chimpanzees 透过心智之窗My Husband Is A Man In A Woman' s World泡在女人堆里的男人3.3.3体现原文修辞特点 如果英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段, 如双关、比喻、押韵等, 翻译成汉语之后中国读者也能同样感受得到, 则尽可能体现原标题的修辞特点, 不能保持原修辞格时, 可换用其它修辞格或采用意译。
教你读懂英语新闻标题 英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容，为此，在措词上尤其要狠下功夫，选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了，偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性，而且还能节省版面篇幅。如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词，标题一般不用damage，而用一些较之简短的词，如hit，harm，hurt, ruin 或wreck等。又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词，标题一般不用abandon，而用drop，give up，quit，skip或yield 等，表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时，一般不用explode，而用blast，crash，ram或smash等词。简而言之，英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。 这类动词在标题中屡见不鲜，读者平时阅读时不妨多加留意，这对于提高英语水平，尤其是熟悉英语同义动词，无疑是大有稗益的。为便于读者更好地理解英语新闻标题，现再列举一些常见诸报端的标题小词，以备不时之需： aid=assist（帮助，援助） alter=change or modify（改变） ask=inquire（询问） assail=denounce（谴责） axe=dismiss\reduce（解雇，减少） balk=impede（阻碍） ban=prohibit or forbid（禁止） bar=prevent（防止，阻止）
bare=expose or reveal（暴露，揭露） blast=explode（爆炸） begin=commence（开始） bid=attempt（努力） bilk=cheat（欺骗） bolt=desert or abandon（放弃） boost=increase（增加，提高） check=examine（检查） claim=ause the death of…（夺去……的生命）clash=disagree strong1y（发生分歧，争议）curb=control or restrict（控制） dip=decIlne or decrease（下降） ease=lessen（减轻，缓和） end=terminate（结束，中止） （批评）flay=criticize flout=insult（侮辱） foil=prevent from（阻止，防止） grill = investigate（调查） gut=destroy（摧毁） head=direct（率领） hold=arrest（逮捕） laud=praise（赞扬）