1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，66)As a result, people will eat more food to try
to make up for that something missing. Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
答案：worse 句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。even worse “更糟糕的是，更糟的是”，习惯搭配。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，66)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
答案：fairly 此处应由副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故填fairly，意为“相当，非常”。
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，70)The central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
答案：successful 空格前的the most与多音节形容词构成最高级，故填successful，意为“成功的”。
4.(2017·浙江高考，58)Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
答案：so 由副词loudly和that可知，应填so，构成so ...
that ... “如此……以至于……”，固定结构。
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，61)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.
答案：greater 根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，63)From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
答案：officially 修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式，officially，意为“正式地”。
7.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，65)Get an early start and try to be ________ productive as possible before lunch.
答案：as 由“productive as possible”可知，应填副词as，构成
as ... as possible “尽可能……”。
8.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
答案：gradually 此处用副词gradually修饰谓语动词短语turned into。
9.(2016·浙江高考，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) events in the coming years.
答案：more 句意：我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动，并希望在来年能参加更多活动。many在本句中为形容词，由“in the coming years”可知此处暗指“更多的活动”，故填many的比较级形式more。
10.(2015·江苏高考，31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ________ (comprehension) review of the case.
答案：comprehensive 句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。由设空前的形容词thorough和后面的名词review可知，应填形容词comprehensive “全面的，彻底的”。
一、形容词
1.形容词的作用
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。
In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us.
She can be really stubborn.
I found it difficult to clam down.
注意：①有些形容词通常作表语，不能像普通形容词那样作前置定语，这样的形容词称为表语形容词。如alive, alone, asleep, alike, afraid, awake, ashamed, sure等。
②有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，这样的形容词称为定语形容词，如golden, wooden, silken, live, elder, former, latter, front, back, outer等。
2.形容词在句中的位置
(1)单个形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况：
①和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词。
Jane Fyre is a moving English novel.
②音节少的形容词在前，音节多的形容词在后。
I have a small but beautiful room.
(2)多个形容词排序
常见形容词顺序归纳为口诀如下：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting ...)＋大小、长短、高低形容词＋形状、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词＋用途、类别形容词＋中心名词。可以简单地记为：“县官行令宴
国才。”
The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present.
They bought a charming big round new black French wooden writing desk last year.
(3)单个形容词作定语时，在下列情况之下，形容词应放在被修饰的词之后。
①形容词修饰不定代词something, nothing, anything等时应后置。
I have something important to tell you.
There is nothing dangerous here.
②表语形容词作定语时需后置。如alive, present, possible, afraid,
alone, awake等。
He is the greatest writer alive.
He was the only person awake at the moment.
3.倍数表达法的句式
倍数表达法主要有以下5种：
(1) ... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...
(2) ... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...
(3) ... 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height of ...
(4) ... 倍数＋that of ...
(5) ... 倍数＋what ...
注意：表示倍数的词始终在前面。
①我们的新房子是旧房子的三倍大。
Our new house was three times as large as the old one.
＝Our new house was three times larger than the old one.
＝Our new house was three times the size of the old one.
②2017年的汽车产量比2016年的产量大六倍。
The output of cars in 2017 is seven times that of 2016.
＝The output of cars in 2017 is seven times what it was in 2016.
二、副词
1.副词的作用
副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、介词宾语等成分。
He got up early this morning.
The building there looks very small.
注意：①有些副词可修饰名词，用以加强语气，相当于状语。常用的这类副词为quite, rather, even等。
We held quite a party last weekend.
Even a child won't believe such a story you told.
②有些副词可修饰部分不定代词和数词。常用的这类副词有
almost, nearly, roughly, mostly等。
Nearly anyone present at the meeting was an expert on SARS.
I learned three foreign languages at college, but now I have forgotten almost all of them.
2.副词的分类
3．副词在句中的位置
(1)时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。但always, seldom, often, never, rarely等副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。
They will go there tomorrow.
I often go to school at seven in the morning.
My brother is seldom late for school.
(2)修饰形容词、其他副词时的位置
修饰形容词、副词时，位于被修饰词的前面。
Computers work much faster than before.
Happy days pass too soon.
注意：①enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。The book is easy enough for little kids.
②enough作形容词时，可置于名词之前或之后。
We haven't enough time/time enough to prepare for the meeting.
三、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
1．比较级和最高级的基本构成
(1)规则变化
(2)不规则变化
2.比较级和最高级的用法
(1)比较级的用法
①“比较级＋than”，表示一方超过另一方。
Our school is better than that one.
②“less＋原级＋than”，表示一方不及另一方。
This park is less beautiful than that one.
③“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，表示“越……，越……”。
The higher the temperature is, the greater the pressure is.
④“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……”。
The weather is getting colder and colder.
注意：比较级可以被even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, any, rather, no, a great deal, by far等修饰。
He works even harder than before.
(2)与比较等级相关的常用表达
①more B than A ＝less A than B “与其说A不如说B”。
He is more lazy than slow at his work. ＝He is less slow than lazy at his work.
②more than “不仅仅……”；no more than＝only “仅仅，只不过”；not more than “至多，不超过”。
Language is more than a tool with which people communicate with each other.
③no＋比较级＋than ... “都不”，是对两者的共同否定，且侧重前者；而not＋比较级＋than ... “不及”，表前者不如后者，隐含对两者的肯定，但侧重后者。
Josie speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother.
I run not faster than anyone else in my class.
(3)最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the ＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
This is by far the best movie that I have ever seen.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, ________ (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.
答案：especially 句意：突然停下来是非常可怕的经历，尤其是如果你高速行驶时。especially “特别，尤其”，强调程度，此处用来修饰整个句子。
2．Listening is thus an active, not a ________ (passively) behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
答案：passive 句意：因而，听是一种积极的而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。由前文active可知空格处应使用形容词作定语，修饰名词behavior。
3．It was ________ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
答案：considerate 句意：Michael为了防止我们担心，告知我们他耽搁了，考虑得很周到。此处应用形容词作表语，构成“It be＋adj. of sb.＋to do sth.”句式，故填considerate，表示“考虑周到的；体贴的”。
4．With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) ________ (efficiency) way of reaching target customers.
答案：efficient 句意：随着网上购物的快速流行，网络被看作是引起目标消费者注意的有效方法。efficient “有效的”，修饰名词way。
5．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
答案：gradually 句意：那个女孩曾很害羞，但是逐渐地在分组工作中表现得积极主动而且更愿意表达自己了。gradually “逐渐地，逐步地”，作状语修饰动词短语get active。
6．Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ________ (punctually).
答案：punctual 句意：尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，但如果想准时赶到，他也必须快一点。punctual “准时的”，作系动词be的
表语。
7．Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
答案：amazed 句意：小汤姆坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，感到很吃惊。此处应用形容词amazed “感到吃惊的”描述主语little Tom的神情，此处作伴随状语。
8．I don't think what he said is ________ (relevance) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
答案：relevant relevant “有关的；贴切的”。be relevant to “与……相关的”，固定搭配。
9．Andy is content with the toy. It is the ________ (good)he has ever got.
答案：best 句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。由“he has ever got”可知，应用形容词最高级，空格前的定冠词the也是提示。
10．Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________ (former) alive.
答案：formerly 句意：如果我们知道一点食物来源的话，我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。由空后的alive可知应填副词formerly，意为“以前，从前”，作状语。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We could see very clear a strange light ahead of us.
__________________________________________________
答案：clear→clearly 修饰动词see应用clear的副词形式。
2．They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.
__________________________________________________
答案：earlier→early 由句子中的副词often可知是一个经常发生的动作，无比较的对象，故需用原级。
3．They have also bought some gardening tools, beside, they often
get some useful information from the Internet.
__________________________________________________
答案：beside→besides beside是介词，根据句意和beside后面的逗号可知，此处应用副词besides(而且)。
4．I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
_________________________________________________
答案：difference→different 名词kinds前应该用形容词作定语，different kinds of ... “不同种类的……”。
5．At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.
__________________________________________________
答案：freely→free be free from “免于；不受……的影响；没有……的影响”，固定搭配。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In 1990, over 100 countries signed __1__ international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewelry. Most ivory is made from the tusks (象牙) of African elephants. These tusks are __2__ (terrible) valuable—one pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a year.
Hunting elephants was so profitable__3__from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in Africa fell from 1.3 million to 600,000. It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none __4__(leave). However, thanks to the international agreement, there__5__(be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.
But considering__6__(vary) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens (狩猎监督员) must be hired to protect them, land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must __7__ (pay) compensation.
Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the elephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population __8__(stability), and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the
elephants. But conservationists say that__9__(make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say __10__ is wrong is to kill elephants because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述为禁止非法猎杀大象和非法买卖象牙，国际社会所作的积极努力。
1．an 考查冠词。agreement是可数名词，单数形式前应加不定冠词，因international的读音是以元音音素开头的，所以要用不定冠词an。
2．terribly 考查词性转换。valuable是形容词，要用副词修饰，形容词terrible的副词是terribly。
3．that 考查常用句型。句意：非法猎杀大象如此有利可图，以致在非洲从1979年到1989年大象的数量从一百三十万头减至六十万头。so ... that ... “如此/这么……以至于……”。
4．left 考查非谓语动词。leave与none之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作none的定语。
5．has been 考查动词的时态。根据since 1990可知用现在完成时，句子主语illegal hunting是单数形式，助动词用has，故填has been。
6．varieties 考查固定搭配。a variety of/varieties of “各种各样的”，动词vary的名词是variety，根据句子结构，填varieties。
7．be paid 考查动词的语态。句意：农民一定要得到补偿。根据句意可知用含情态动词的被动语态。
8．stable 考查词性转换。句意：保持大象数量的稳定。此处是形容词作宾语补足语。
9．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，可知句中缺少主语，此处是动名词作主语，故填making。
10．what 考查主语从句的连接词。此处是what 引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西(事情)”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
China is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and a plenty of air pollution. Although many cities in China have traffic problems, some of the worse are in Beijing. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is what only a small number of people use public transportation.
I think one way solve the traffic problems was to make people use the public transportation system. For example, they can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.
答案：
China is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel seriously ①serious much
②many
on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air
③pollution. Although many cities in China have traffic problems, some of
the are in Beijing. One of the why there is so much worse ④worst reason
⑤reasons
traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation. what
⑥that
I think one way solve the traffic problems to make ∧ ⑦to was
⑧is people use the public transportation system. For example, they can take
buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should make drive ⑨driving
more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. them
⑩it
1．seriously →serious 考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词短语traffic problems 。
2．much →many 考查形容词。much 修饰不可数名词，many 修饰可数名词复数形式，故此处用many 。
3．去掉a 考查固定短语。固定短语plenty of意为“许多，大
量”，可以修饰可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。
4．worse→worst 考查形容词的最高级。分析句意为“在中国很多城市都存在交通问题，其中最严重的是在北京”，故用最高级形式worst。
5．reason→reasons 考查名词的数。one of 后面跟可数名词的复数形式。
6．what→that 考查表语从句。从句only a small number of
people use public transportation是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，故用that连接表语从句，what在从句中要作某一成分。
7．solve前加to 考查动词不定式。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰way。
8．was→is 考查动词的时态。此处表述作者的观点，应用一般现在时，故改was为is。
9．drive→driving 考查非谓语动词。介词of后面要跟动名词形式。
10．them→it 考查代词。此处代词指代to travel by bus这件事，故用it。