小学英语基础知识合集
基础知识
1.字母：26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音：元音的发音
五个元音字母：AEIOU
12个单元音：
前元音：[i:] [?] /e/ [?]
中元音：[?:] [?]
后元音：[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?]
双元音（8个）
Ⅰ.合口双元音（5个）[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i]
Ⅱ.集中双元音（3个） [i?][ε?][u?]
3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词
4.句子：大小写，标点符号
语法知识
一、名词
名词单复数，名词的格式
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a) 单数后加’s
如: Lucy’s ruler
my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’
如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s
children’s shoes
并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：
如：a picture of the classroom
a map of China
二、冠词
不定冠词，定冠词种类：
(1)不定冠词：a / an
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card (2)定冠词：the
the egg
the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法：
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim.
They are teachers.
(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类棋类运动前：They often play football after class.
He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
三、代词形容词副词
代词：人称代词，物主代词
人称代词、物主代词
主格宾格
第一人称
人称单数 I(我) me my(我的)
复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)
第二人称
人称单数 you(你) you your(你的)
复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)
第三人称
人称单数 he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
形容词，副词：比较级，最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则：
⑴一般在词尾加er ;
⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)
四、数词：基数词、序数词
(1)1-20
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three
(4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion
1，001→one thousand and one
18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three
6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine →ninth，twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。
五、介词
常用介词：in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期
注：
(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法：
at(on) the weekend 在周末---特指
at(on) weekends 在周末---泛指
over the weekend 在整个周末
during the weekend 在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节，应说at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
六、动词：动词的四种时态
(1)一般现在时：
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有：
A、规则动词
①一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see –saw , have –had , do –did , go –went , take –took , buy –bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say –said , leave –left , swim –swam , tell –told , draw –drew , come –came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时：
基本结构：
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解动词的ing形式的构成规则：
①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
②以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
句法
一、陈述句
(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子。
如：I’m a student.
She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. (2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子。
如：I’m not a student.
She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00.
I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
二、疑问句
一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
三、There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：
there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);
have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
What’s + 介词短语?
【第一部分】 基础知识 1.字母：26 个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.音标：48 个音标 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 【第二部分】 语法知识 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats,bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f 或fe 为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea shirt (二)名词的格 (1)有生命的东西的名词所有格： a)单数后加’s如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s b)以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags c)不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l 并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:
小学英语基础知识汇总 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】
第一章名词 一、名词可分为：1.专有名词和普通名词 2.可数名词和不可数名词 1.专有名词和普通名词 1）专有名词：是指特定的人、地方、事物、机构的专有名称。开头的字母必须大写。如：Tom, Martin, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China, Sunday, October, Chinese等。 2）普通名词：是指不属于特定的人名、地名、事物、概念的名词都是普通名词。 它分为四类：个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词。 ①个体名词：用来表示单个的人或事物。如：hospital, policeman, house, tree, cat, dog等。 ②集体名词：用来表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如：family, class, group, people, police, army等。 ③物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如：water, air, tea, sugar, butter, rice 等。 ④抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如：happiness, health, life, manners, love等。 2.可数名词和不可数名词 1）可数名词：一般地说，个体名词和集体名词是可以计数的，所以称之为可数名词， 有单数和复数形式。如： a city---two citiesa bird---three birdsa book---ten books 可数名词复数形式的构成：
②不规则变化：英语里有一部分名词的复试形式是不规则的。 a)改变元音字母，发音也随之发生变化。如：man---menwoman---womenpolicewoman---policewomenpostman---postmenpoliceman---policemen foot---feettooth---teethgoose---geese 注意：man和woman用作定语时，也有单复数变化。如：a man teacher---two men teachers a woman nurse---three women nurses b）有些名词单数和复数相同。如：a sheep---two sheepa fish---three fisha deer---two deeran aircraft---four aircraft c）有些名词通常以复数形式出现，如：scissors(剪刀) trousers(裤子) clothes(衣服) glasses(眼镜) shorts(短裤) d）表示“某国人”的名词单数和复数形式因习惯不同而有不同的形式。这类词通常分为三类。 ·单数和复数相同：如：a Japanese---two Japanesea Chinese---two Chinese ·词尾加s：如：a German---two Germansan American---two Americans ·变man为men：如：an Englishman---two Englishmenan Frenchwoman---two Frenchwomen e）其他形式。如：a child---two childrenan ox---three oxena mouse---four mice 2)不可数名词：物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数的，所以称之为不可数名词。如：water, milk, oil, soil, ink, bread, juice等。 它们通常只有单数形式。但是在具体的情况下也可以用作可数名词。如：food---foods(各种食物)fruit---fruits（各种水果） tea---teas（各种茶叶）gas---gases（各种气味） 如果需要表示名词的具体数量时，可用以下的短语写： a glass of juicea piece of papera slice of breada bottle of oil a box of ……a bowl of ……a dish of ……a pair of …… a kind of ……a kilo of ……a kilogram of ……a basket of …… a bag of ……a full of ……a basin of ……a cup of …… a packet of ……a lot of …… 而有些物质名词和抽象名词的单复数含义不同，如： people（人民/人们） peoples（民族）water（水） waters（海/潮水） paper（纸） papers（报纸/试卷/文件）custom（习惯） customs（海关） time（时间） times（次数/倍/时代）brain(头脑) brains（脑力/智力） arm（胳膊） arms（武器）snow （雪snows（积雪）cloth（布） clothes（衣服）
个性化教学辅导教案 学员姓名：任课教师：所授科目：英语
一般疑问句：Be 主语其它。 如：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如： I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语动词原形其它。如： - Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 动词s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today －It’s Saturday 三、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词不达意be 主语动词ing 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词不达意be 动词ing 动词加ing的变化规则
小学英语必考40个重要知识点！ 2015-11-30 1.现在进行时 表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing. 如：It is raining now. 外面正在下雨 It is six o’clock now. 现在6点了 My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. 我父母正在客厅看报纸 Look!The children are having a running race now. 看！孩子们正在赛跑 问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not. 2.一般现在时 表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always,every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。 结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es. 如：We have an English lesson every day. 我们每天都要上英语课 Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do. 男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的 ，后面动词一定要还原。 问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t,doesn’ｔ 3.一般过去时 表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago;yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。 结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was;were）或主语+动词的过去式。 注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。 如：My earphones were on the ground just now. 我的耳机刚刚还在呢。 Where were you last week? I was at a camp. 你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了 What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm
小学英语基础知识必备第一部分：基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：AEIOU 12个单元音： 前元音：[i:] [?] /e/ [?] 中元音：[?:] [?] 后元音：[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?] 双元音（8个） 合口双元音（5个）[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] 集中双元音（3个）[i?][ε?][u?] 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes 并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分：语法知识 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法： 特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk. 复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. 谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
人教部编版小学英语1到6年级十大基础语法知识总结 小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、形容词性物主代词8个： My your his her its our your their 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的 2、形容词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的their 他们的 2)后面加名词：eg:my backpack his name 3)前后不用冠词 a an the This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) It's his the pen(错误) 3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成 单词就可以了。 小学英语名词性物主代词 1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个： Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的 2、名词性物主代词的特点：
1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 Eg:1、the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen) 小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复 数的词变成复数，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg:把下列句子变成复数 1, I have a car ----we have cars 2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys 3, It is a car ----They are cars 4,This is an eraser ----These are erasers 5,That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks 6,I'm an English teather ------We are English teathers 7,It's a new shirt---- They are new shirts 8,He's a boy ----They are boys 9,She's a singer ------They are singers 10,What'sthis in English?---- What are these in English? 小学英语名词单复数 名词有单数和复数两种形式
英语复习小结 一、 名词：有可数名词和不可数名词。 1、可数名词有单数、复数之分， 名词复数形式的构成规则： (1) 一般在名词词尾加“s ” 如：teacher —teacher s egg---egg s (2) 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词加es 如class---classes box-- boxes bus --buses watch--watches (3) 以辅音字母+y 的名词变y 为i 再加es 如：story---stor ies library---librar ies , dictionary----dictionar ies hobby---hobb ies (4) 以f, fe 结尾的名词，变f, fe 为v 加es 如：life ---li ves leaf ---lea ves half---hal ves knife---kni ves wolf-wol ves wife---wi ves (5) 以o 结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es hero---hero es mango--- mango es potato--- potato es tomato--- tomato es 其余加s （目前所学的词） zoo---zoos kilo---kilos radio —radios photo--- photos piano-- pianos (6)不规则名词单复数形式 如： child — children woman --- women man ---men foot---feet tooth---teeth 有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如 Japanese ， Chinese ，sheep, 如： I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 2、不可数名词没有复数形式 不可数名词有：(1)milk, water, juice, tea, ice; (2) food, rice, meat, fish, chicken, bread, cheese (3) paper, newspaper , hair, time, money, homework, housework 不可数名词的数量常表示如下 two bottles of milk a cup of juice half a kilo of cheese a bag of rice three kilos of meat some water 二、人称代词 人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。 We are going to have a picnic. Let us go. I miss everyone in China. Who can help me ? What is he doing? He is trying to get on the bus. Look at him . She can ’t hear. This dog helps her . Tell me more about the Great Wall. 三．物主代词 物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。 名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词 的含义
小学英语必备基础知识 基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.音标：48个音标 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 语法知识 一、名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice，child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二、冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the 定冠词的用法：
Introduction to basic knowledge of primary school Chinese teaching Longshan primary school Hong-mei liu Everybody is good! Here is my pleasure to share with you my views on basic knowledge of primary school Chinese teaching. The development of anything from quantitative change to qualitative change, and from qualitative to quantitative change new. Primary school Chinese teaching, students to understand Chinese characters one by one, reach a certain amount, can read; Reading reaches a certain amount, can the composition. As the ancients cloud: "qian fu can read, could give." Primary school Chinese basic knowledge including pinyin, read, write, and so on aspects. To break through the primary school Chinese basic knowledge of the difficulties, we must also take corresponding measures in practice: A, stimulate students interest One is to make the students like their teacher. So there's a phrase said "a successful teacher, itself is a textbook". I think it is a successful teacher's standard, we should all efforts to push yourself to this realm. In the face of students, we should let our students have confidence in their teacher, admire his teacher. We can in their own personality, accomplishment and love to let the students like himself. Like teacher, like class, like on the subject, resulting in a very strong interest in learning. The second is to get the basic knowledge of classroom to life. Students can concentrate to the observing time generally can't more than thirty minutes, it must make good use of the precious time in class, improve the efficiency of their classroom. Especially the language basic knowledge learning is boring, more should make the classroom to life. We should use of textbooks, give students the opportunity to play, let them become a real master. I often and students together play a role, in this way, students can help themselves by the movements of the rich expression and interesting to understand the text, understand the meaning of them. Second, I will also according to the content and characteristics of Chinese basic knowledge teaching, to carry out some activities, such as looking for wrong character, tone of voice, speech sounds game solitaire, etc., these activities can sometimes influence the teaching process, but students in activities to cultivate the study interest, also improves the ability of learning. Second, pay attention to teaching methods One is focusing the difficulty, the breakthrough "pinyin". Chinese phonetic knowledge is the foundation of students to learn the language, and learn the language. How to let the students can learn this seemingly boring knowledge lively and interesting, but also a good grasp of, I communicate with school teachers often, and learn from their experience in teaching, to make students learn easily, learn more solid. Chinese pinyin is the tool that helps literacy, reading and learning mandarin. Students learning difficulties are often characterized by flat become warped lingual regardless, im read not to come out, and lateral nasal is difficult to distinguish. To these questions can be used with the aid of the Chinese characters sound learning pinyin and categorized resolution method. 2 it is to know a word to recognize more words, the breakthrough "literacy". As soon as possible in order to improve the efficiency of the literacy teaching, make students master the 3500 or so commonly, in the literacy teaching, we can make full use of the characteristics of lenovo literacy, let the students to master Chinese characters, and guide students to lenovo, through has carried off some commonly used Chinese characters, teach students reading (teaching we referred to as "more than a word with the word"). Here is the main method is: to familiar with life: born by a familiar
小学英语基础知识总结 小学英语基础知识总结大全 一、名词所有格语法 1、变法：在人名后面加's记住：'s要译成"的"eg:Lucy(名词所有格)Lucy's 2、如果是2个或2个以上人的名词所有格要在最后一个人名加's Eg:LilyandLucy(名词所有格)LilyandLucy'S LilyLucyandJulia(名词所有格)LilyLucyandJulia's 3、以s结尾的名词复数所有格在后面加'，eg:students' 二、一般疑问句 1、一般疑问句最基本的变法：be提前用问号读升调 2、my变成yourour变成yourIam/Weare变AreyouIcan变Canyou 4、一般疑问句翻译成汉语都有"吗"? 1)ThisismyEnglishteather.IsthisyourEnglishteather?2)Itis ourschool.Isityourschool? 3)Wearestudents.Areyoustudents?4)Icansing.Canyousing? 表示地点位置的介词 (1)at,in,on,to at表示在小地方;表示“在……附近，旁边”
in表示在大地方;表示“在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。 to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤;或“到……” (2)above,over,on在……上 above指在……上方;over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触;on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead. Heputhiswatchonthedesk. (3)below,under在……下面;under表示在…正下方;below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 Thereisacatunderthetable.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline (横线). (4)infrontof,inthefrontof在……前面 infrontof…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者 互不包括;Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.(房子前面有些 花卉。) inthefrontof意思是“在…..的`前部”，即甲物在乙物的内 部.Thereisablackboardinthefrontofourclassroom. (5)beside，behind beside表示在……旁边 behind表示在……后面 情态动词用于肯定猜测 1.must用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“准是，一定”。后面接动词原形，表示对现在的推测。如： -I'vehadnosleepfor48hours.我已经48小时没睡觉了。
小学英语基础知识 一、小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、形容词性物主代词8个： My your his her its our your their 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的2、形容词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" 如: my 我的 their 他们的 2)后面加名词：如: my backpack his name 3)前后不用冠词 a an the This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) It's his the pen(错误) 3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成单词就可以了。 二、小学英语名词性物主代词 1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个： GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的2、名词性物主代词的特点： 1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 如：the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen) 三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg:把下列句子变成复数 1, I have a car ---- we have cars 2, He is an American boy. ---- They are American boys 3, It is a car ---- They are cars 4,This is an eraser ---- These are erasers 5,That is a backpsck ----- Those are backpacks 6,I'm an English teather ------ We are English teathers GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
小学英语基础知识点归纳 小学开始接触英语，各位家长们都希望孩子能够学好，为未来打基础。小学也有许多该掌握的基础知识，并不仅仅是字母音标的学习。英语基础知识、语法知识、句法三部分内容大家都掌握了吗?下面的内容希望能让孩子学习更上一层楼! 第一部分：基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：AEIOU 12个单元音：前元音：[i:] [?] /e/ [?] 中元音：[?:] [?] 后元音：[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?] 双元音(8个) Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i?][ε?][u?] 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识① 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分：语法知识② 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: