should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care
choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long
mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse
seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
不定式作补语1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow believe cause challenge command consider
enable encourage find guess hire imagine invite know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send tell think trust understand urge warn
例句：
a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b.We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover,feel find,guess,imagine, know,prove,understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
不定式主语1）It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary, better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave, considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is…to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
*for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
2）作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语V. + doing sth
admit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免complete 完成consider 认为deny 否认endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢prevent阻止finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone 推迟practise 训练resist 抵抗resume 继续risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续
举例：
(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to习惯于lead to devote oneself to stick to busy look forward to(to为介词）no good,no use,It's worth…,as well as,
can't help,It's no use /good be tired of
be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about put off keep on insist on be successful in good at take upgive up burst out prevent …from…3）作表语
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
动名词与不定式1）动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2）接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3）动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking..我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
regret doing/to doregret to do对要做的事遗憾。(未做)
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C.to have done
D.having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事。
try doing试验，试着做某事。
You must try to be more careful.
你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go on doing继续做原来做的事。
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
be interested doing/to do interested to do对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?(一种想法)
mean to doing/to do mean to do打算、想
mean doing意味着
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4)物作主语时
It began to melt.
感官动词+ doing/to do感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the…that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come
B. even, have come
C. ever, come
D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harry got married six years ago.或Harry has been married for six years.
since的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
和more有关的词组1) the more…the more…越……就越……
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.
2) more B than A与其说A不如说B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
3) no more…than…与……一样……，不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less…than…与……一样……
He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.
典型例题
1）The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America
B. one in America
C. America
D. that in America
答案：D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。
2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as
答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。
This ruler is three times as long as that one.
as + 形容词或副词原级+ as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2）当as…as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比较级形容词或副词+ than You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题:
1）---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A.more
B.much more
C.much
D.more much
答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C 为正确答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier time
many,old 和far1) 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.
the + 最高级+ 比较范围1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so…as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
外研版八年级上册英语知识点Module 1 1.study plan学习计划 2.a number of +可数名词复数+V（复数）：许多、大量 the number of+可数名词复数+V（单数）：。。的数量 3.advice不可数名词 a piece of advice一条建议 give sb. some advice给某人一些建议advise sb. to do sth.建议某人去做某事 4.write it/them down把它写下来 5. what else?还有什么其他的？ 6. It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 7. It is a good idea to do sth. 8.meet sb.接某人 9.this term这学期 last term上学期 next term下学期 10. help sb. do sth. help sb. with sth. 11.ask for advice征求意见 12.basic questions基本问题 13.spend on sth. spend (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事 物 cost It takes sb. some time to do sth. pay for 14.the meaning of….的意思 15.speak to sb.与某人谈话 16.take a deep breath深呼吸 17.start a conversation开始一段谈话 18.talk about sth. with sb.跟某人谈论某事 19.表示建议的句子 ①What about doing=How about doing…? ②Why not do=Why don’t you do..? ③Try (not) to do sth. ④should do
人教版八年级上册英语 重点词组和语法句型归纳 Unit 1:How ofen do you exercise? 1.go to the movies去看电影 2.look after=take care of照顾 3.surf the Internet上网 4. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 5.keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康 6. go skate boarding去划板 7.exercise=take (much) exercise =do/have sports锻炼 8. eating habits饮食习惯 9.the same as与什么相同 10.take more exercise做更多的运动 11. once a month一月一次 12. be different from和...不同 13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to对什么有影响
15. how often多久一次 16. although=though虽然 17. most of the students=most students大多数学生 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping购物 19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查 21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物 25. be good for对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害 27. want to do sth想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想让某人做某事 29. try to do sth尽量做某事 30.some advice 一些建议 31. of course=certainly=sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩
复习 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 必会重点词汇和短语 ★单词默写 1. 人的adj. human 2. 恐龙 3. 意大利人 4. 发明家 5. 音乐家 6. 科学家 7. 出生8. 乡村；农村9. 才智；智慧10. 有艺术天赋的11. 才能；能力12. 可能；大概13. 发明14. 笔记本 15. 包括；包吨16. 甚至 17. 然而18. 突然；忽然19. 没有人20. 获胜；赢21. 美元 ★短语默写 1. 在乡村 2. 人，人类 3. 灭绝；消失 4. 了解（到）；弄清 5. 去散步 6. 正如；正像 7. 出生8. 重要的事 9. 给…拍照 ★重点词汇讲解和辨析 1. look 相关短语辨析 ●look up 查阅 I looked your address up in the personnel file. 我从人事档案里查到了你的地址。 ●look out 注意；留心 Look out! There's a car coming. 当心! 汽车来了。 ●look over 检查 Would you mind looking over my article? 您介不介意检查下我的文章? ●look after 照顾 At weekends, Eason often helps his mother look after his little sister. 周末的时候，Eason 经常帮妈妈照顾他的妹妹。 ●look at 看着 The dog is looking at Liz angrily. 这只狗生气地看着Liz。 ●look around 环顾四周 Joey looked around to make sure that there was no one nearby.
Unit 1 一、词组、短语： 1、go on vacation去度假， 2、stay at home 呆在家， 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山， 4、go to the beach到海边去， 5、visit museums 参观博物馆， 6、go to summer camp 去夏令营， 7、quite a few 相当多， 8、study for为……学习， 9、go out 出去， 10、most of the time大部分时间/绝大多数时间， 11、taste good 尝起来味道好， 12、have a good time玩的开心， 13、of course当然可以， 14、feel like感觉像……/想要, 15、go shopping购物， 16、in the past 在过去， 17、walk around绕……走， 18、too many 太多（可数名词前面）， 19、because of 因为， 20、one bowl of 一碗……, 21、find out 查出来/发现， 22、go on继续， 23、take photos 照相， 24、something important重要的事情， 25、up and down上上下下， 26、come up出来 二、习惯用法、搭配
1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 三、重点句子 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？ 1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如：Where are you from？ Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。 【解析】 vacation [v?'ke??n] n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ①I have a lot of _______________every year . (vacation) ( ) ②— Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America. A.on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation
1、不定代词 A.形容词修饰不定代词时，要后知，做后置定语。 I’ll tell you something interesting. B. 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Everyone is here. 2、一般过去时：在一般过去式的句子中，要注意不规则动词过去式的形式与拼写，要牢记一般过去时的时间状语。 I went to the cinema yesterday. / He hurt his foot last night. 3、频度副词：在使用频度副词时，要注意频度副词在句子中的位置是：置于be 动词/情态动词/助动词之后，置于实意动词之前，而且对频度副词疑问要用how often。 He always sits in the front of the classroom. / I am never late for school. ------How often do you watch TV? -----Every night. 4、形容词、副词的比较等级 A.Than 是比较级的标志词，than前的形容词或副词要用比较级。 He is taller than me. B.有比较范围（如：in 或of 短语）时，用最高级。 He is the tallest of the three boys. C.形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the. I’m the best student in my class. D.不规则变化的形容词、副词的比较等级要记牢。 He plays the piano worst. 5、动词不定式
A. 跟动词不定式作宾语的常用动词要记牢。如：agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend，plan (打算，计划)；demand，ask (要求)；promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want，expect ,would like (希望，想要)；fail ；（不能；忘记）；pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine （决心）。 记忆口诀：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。 B.要注意区分某些动词跟动词不定式和动名词所表达的不同意义，如stop doing 和stop to do 的区别。既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：即“四'记’”“力争”“不、后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)”；力争指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop与regret。He was too tired and 6、一般将来时 A. 要注意一般将来时的构成：be going to do 和will do. B. 一般将来时的时间状语：next month / week / ....., in + 时间段，tomorrow 等。 C. 注意there be 结构的将来时为：There is / are going to be......或There will be.....
广州版初二英语上册Unit2同步辅导 【课堂演练】 一、听写Unit 2重点单词和短语并引导学生注意其基本用法： ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 二、重点词组： 1. a long time ago 很久以前 2. for a long time 很长一段时间 3. order sb to do sth 命令某人干什么 4. ask sb for help 向某人寻求帮助 5. the number of ….的数目 6. copy down 抄写下来 7. at first 首先，第一 8. help sb do sth 帮助某人干什么 9. in this way 用这种方法 10. so that 以便 三、重点词组解析： （一）If引导的条件句： a. if引导的条件句主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 b. if从句用一般现在时，主句用may / might / can If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 c．if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 d．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时 If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。 热身练习： 1. If you ____________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest. 2. Where ___________ he _________(see) the film if he _______________(have) time? 3. If there ______________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution. 4. He ____________________(dress) more casually if he ________________( not work) on weekends. 5. If Marcia _____________(live) alone, she ___________________( keep) a pet parrot.
初二英语上册【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1.on time准时in time 及时 2. best wishes 最美好的祝福 3. give a talk 做演讲，报告 4. for example 例如 5. short for 缺少，匮乏 6. a waste of time浪费时间 7. go on a field trip去徒步旅行，去野外旅行 8. go fishing钓鱼 9. I agree我同意... 10. next week下周，下个星期 11. the day after tomorrow后天 12. have a picnic去野炊 13. have some problems doing sth.做某事有困难 14. go the wrong way方法不当 15. hurry up 快点 16. get together一起 17. in the open air在户外 18. on Mid-Autumn Day中秋节 19. come over过来，突然感到 20. have to 不得不21. get home 回家 22. agree with 同意某人 23. in the country在乡下，在农村 24. in town 在镇上 25. all the same...是一样的 26. in front of在...前面 27. on the left/right side在...左/右边 28. next to 紧挨着，在...旁边 29. up and down上上下下，起落 30. keep healthy保持身体健康 31. grow up长大成人 32. at the same time与此同时 33. the day before yesterday前天 35. last Saturday上周星期六 36. half an hour ago半个小时以前 37. a moment ago不久之前 38. just now刚刚 39. by the way顺便提一下 40. all the time一直 41. at first首先 II. 重要句型 1. have fun doing sth. 做...玩的开兴 2. Why don’t you…?你为什么不... 3. We’re going to do sth.我们将要做... 4. start with sth.开始做... 5. Why not…? 为什么不做... 6. Are you going to…?你将要去做... 7. be friendly to sb.友好对待... 8. You’d better do sth.你最好做... 9. ask sb. for sth.问某人某事 10. say goodbye to sb.向某人道别 11. Good luck(with sb)!祝某人好运 III. 交际用语 1.Welcome back to school!欢迎返校 2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.打扰一下，很抱歉我迟到了，因为今天的交通状况实在是太糟糕了。 3.It doesn’t matter.没关系，不要紧的 4.Happy Teachers’ Day !教师节快乐 5.That’s a good idea.好主意 6.What are you going to do？你将要做什么？ 7.Where are we going ?我们要去哪儿? 8.What are we going to do ? 我们将要去做什么？ 9.I’m good at…我擅长于... 10.It’s not far from…离...不远 11. Are you free tomorrow evening?你明天晚上有空吗？
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 广州八年级英语（上册）主要知识点Unit 1 Newspapers https://www.doczj.com/doc/432544642.html,eful phrases and expressions Take charge of 主管，掌管Vote for …投赞成票 Take note 记录 Be responsible for 负责，有责任Talk ....over 详谈 Make a list of .....把…列成清单Be free for (someone) 对（某人）免费 Pay....for 付费 Make a decision about.... 对…作出决定 In one week's time 一周后 A copy of 一份 For free 免费From the air 从空中 Of one's own 某人自己的Have the habit of.... 有…的习惯 Try one's best 尽力 Try to (do something) 尽力（做某事） Try doing something 尝试做某事 Believe in oneself 相信自己Once a week 每周一次 Be pleased with.... 对…满意Keep fit 保持健康 Have a high fever 发高烧 At break 课间休息 Not at all 一点也不，完全不Get on well 相处得好 For this reason 因为这样 2.语法language: should and ought to (positive) should not and ought not to (negative) 3.辨析 3.1O ther, the other, another (1) Other 表示泛指，没有特定的范围。 E.g. Lei Feng always helped other people. (2) The other 意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one...the other...（一个…另一个…） E.g. The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
语法 形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解 大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……” ①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成 a.规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加; more/ most b. 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther, further farther, further old older, elder oldest, eldest ②比较级前的修饰语 still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years 形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型 ①A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。一样） He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。 ②A≠ B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。不一样） They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。 I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。 ③ A > B 或A < B A + V + 比较级+ than + B （比。。。<更>。。。） Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。 Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。 ④表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/…） This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。 The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。 ⑤表示程度的递增主语+ V + 比较级+ and+比较级(…越来越…) 主语+ V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。 ⑥表示两种情况同时变化 The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…) The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.=If we get together more, we’ll be happier. 我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。 The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study h arder, you’ll be better at English. 你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。 ⑦主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级+ n.(pl.) + in/of…(…是最…之一) Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。 ⑧主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级+ in/of…(…最…) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。 ⑨主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级+ of the two…(…<两者中>较…的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。 ⑩主语+ V。+ 比较级+ than + any other +n. (单数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…) 主语+ V。+ 比较级+ than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…)
2018新人教版八年上册英元法及知点 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 【重点法】 不定代：不指名代替任何特定名或形容的代叫做不 定代。 用法注意： 1. some和any +可数名/不可数名。 some 多用于肯定句，any 多用于否定句、疑句和条件从句。有些句中用 some, 不用 any, 者希望得到方肯定回答。 2.由some, any, no, every与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代作主，其用三。 3.不定代若有定修，定要置于其后：如： something interesting 【重点短】 1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth某人某物 2.taste + adj.起来?? 3.nothing...but + V.(原形)除了??之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj看起来 5. arrive in +大地方/ arrive at +小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth.决定做某事 7. try doing sth.做某事/ try to do sth.尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth.喜做某事 9. want to do sth.想去做某事 10. start doing sth.开始做某事=begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth.停止做某事区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
12. dislike doing sth.不喜做某事 14. so + adj + that +从句如此??以至于?? 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告某人（不要）做某事 17. keep doing sth.做某事 18. forget to do sth.忘去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘做某事 【辨析】 1. take a photo/ take photos拍照 quite a few+名复数“ 多?” 2. seem +形容看起来?...You seem happy today. seem + to do sth.似乎 / 好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems +从句似乎 .. ?It.seems that no one believe you. seem like ...好像，似乎? It.. seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点 = get to= reach+地点名“到 达 ......” arrive at +小地点 （注：若后跟地点副 here/there/home,介需省略，如： arrive here; get home） 4. feel like sth感像? feel doing sth.想要做某事 5. wonder（想知道） + 疑（ who, what, why)引的从句。 6. because of +名 / 代 /V-ing because+ 从句 He can ’t take a walk because of the rain. I don ’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough + 名足的? ...
广州市新版教材八年级英语上册期中语法复习 Unit1 一、some与any的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示―一些，几个‖作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+ 单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示―一些，任何‖用作形容词时，后面可 以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示―一些‖。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some 多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I can't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some. 二、复合不定代词 由some,every,no,any分别与one,thing和body组合即可得到以下复合不定代词： someone anyone no one everyone something anything nothing everything somebody anybody nobody everybody 1.一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代 词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。 I heard someone singing when I was at work last night. Please give me something to read. (拓展）由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。Would you like something to read? Why not buy something interesting? 2.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Somebody wants to see you. Is there anything I can do for you ? 3.形容词修饰复合不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后 面。 Do you have anything important to tell us? We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? Unit 2 基数词与序数词 一、基数词的用法 基数词是表示数目多少的词
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重点语法：一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years. 否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years. 一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years? 重点短语：won't = will not they'll = they will she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物） be able to do sth. 能够做某事 come true 实现 in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物） will → would 情态动词will 的原形和过去式 may → might 情态动词may 的原形和过去式 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。) Unit 2 What should I do? 重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法） do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him. 否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him. 一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句：What should I do? 重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入 What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？ out of style 不时髦的；过时的 call sb. up 给某人打电话
词汇 encyclopaedia n.百科全书 1.human adj.人的 2.dinosaur n.恐龙 3.Italian n.意大利人，Italy n 意大利 All roads lead to Rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马；殊途同归.Rome was not built in a day.(谚)罗马城不是一天建成的；伟业非一日可成When in Rome do as the Romans do. inventor n. 发明家 1.musician n. 音乐家 2.scientist n.科学家 3.born v. (be born)出生 4.countryside n.乡村; 农村 5.intelligence n.才智;智慧 6.artistic adj. 有艺术天赋的 7.ability n. 才能；能力 8.perhaps adv.可能;大概 9.invention n. 发明 10.notebook n. 笔记本 11.include v. 包括；包含 12.even adv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至 13.however adv. 然而 14.suddenly adv.突然；忽然 15.nobody pron. 没有人 16.fossil n. 化石 17.win v. (won, won) (在比赛中)获胜,赢 18.dollar n.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位） 19.in the countryside在乡村;在农村 20.human being人 21.die out灭绝;消失 22.find out了解(到);弄清 23.go for a walk去散步 课文 Look it up! Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？ ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2.What...? 是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而Which...? 是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色？（有特定的范围） 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国？ 4) 频度副词的位置