2018考研英语：语法之比较状语从句
（一）
感谢凯程郑老师对本文做出的重要贡献
在考研英语基础夯实阶段，各个语法都要有所了解并要能在具体句子中分析出语法结构。复习英语要有所规律，首先要提纲挈领，从整体上进行把握;进而再步步为营，从真题中熟悉知识。今天作者就考研英语语法基础中的比较状语从句给大家进行讲解。
比较状语从句是状语从句的一种，主要运用于形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子之中，与概念相契合，是各类有关比较的句子。把这一从句理解为副词，不用来修饰动词，而是修饰as/so/less/more等副词或者比较级，比如stronger/taller等。引导比较状语从句的连词主要有as和than，其他词汇手段与其结合形成了各种不同比较。同级的比较--as...as;不同级的比较--not so/as...as;差级或高级的比较--than;比较关系的状语从句，常用the+比较级… , the+比较级…结构。此类从句有些成分经常避免和主句的表达发生重复，所以常有省略，看起来结构不太完整。下面我们就举几个简单的例子对其用法进行阐释。
He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。第一个as是副词，意思是同样地，后一个as是连词。
The task is not so easy as it sounds.so是副词如此地，修饰形容词easy，as是连词，引导比较状语从句，这件工作的难易程度与其听起来做比较。这件工作不像它听起来那么简单，言外之意，这件工作实际做起来比听起来要难。
These proposals sought to place greater restriction on the use and copying of digital information than existed in traditional media.greater这一以er结尾的形容词是比较级，比较的对象是就传统媒体对于数字信息的使用复制的限制说明的，能够推理出来现代媒体对于数字信息的使用复制的限制更加严格。Than后边有省略(it was)，避免与主句重复。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯的错误就越少。
在基础知识这一块，从句是一大块，而其中的状语从句又是重中之重，这一系列的文章都会涉及状语从句类，希望整体上的梳理能够帮助大家对每一类从句都有个清楚的认识。以上是引导比较状语从句的一些连词。希望大家能够稳扎稳打，为后期强化冲刺做好准备!
2018考研英语十二大基础语法体系之一致关系 语法基础贯穿英语的各个题型，基础复习阶段，词汇和语法都是基础和重点。小编带大家一起来梳梳理十二大基础语法体系，下面是一致关系语法知识点，大家注意学习和应用。十二大基础语法体系之一致关系 一致关系 英语的一致有三种:主谓一致，代词一致，肯定与否定一致 (一)主语与谓语的一致 英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式 例如: She likes to eat well.她好吃 We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。 Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。 I am a doctor.我是个医生。 (二)概念一致 1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。 Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。 What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。 但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。 Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。 All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。 由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。 如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。 No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。 To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。 To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life. 以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
2019考研英语语法解析：一般现在时_毙考题通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，用现单三形式。 动词be和have(表示拥有)各人称的单数形式为： 一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 动词be 与have(表示拥有)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表： I am not (I rsquo;m not) I have not (haven rsquo;t) Am i ? Have i ? You are not (aren rsquo;t) You have not (haven rsquo;t) Are you ? Have you ? He is not (isn rsquo;t) He has not (hasn rsquo;t) Is he ? Has he ?
动词be 与have(表示拥有)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表： I am not (I rsquo;m not) I have not (haven rsquo;t) Am i ? Have I ? You are not (aren rsquo;t) You have not (haven rsquo;t) Are you ? Have you ? He is not (isn rsquo;t) He has not (hasn rsquo;t) Is he ? Has he ? 注意：have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化。 行为动词(以study为例)一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答(注意要加助动词do/does) Do I not (Don rsquo;t I) study ? Yes, I do. No, I don rsquo;t.
1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for
2018年考研英语一真题及答案 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24
的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 译文】莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。 (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England. 【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构 【句子结构】主句主干：no boy…could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy，that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。 【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校ignorant忽视literature文学glory 荣耀 【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。
2019考研英语语法解析：副词 学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的，英语水平要提升，语法知识点必须要熟练掌握。基础复习阶段，对于遇到的相关语法一定要弄懂弄会。小编分解各个语法知识点，帮助大家一一攻克。下面是副词语法知识点解析： 2019考研英语语法解析：副词 副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子。 例句： disappointment. (1997年第3题) 分析：该句是简单句，其中副词much修饰介词短语。 译文：我父亲的弟弟安德鲁不会参加野餐，这令全家人非常失望。 一、副词的分类 1. 时间副词，如now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。 例句: Americans 选自2004年Text 4) 分析：该句是简单句。 译文：现在美国人不重视智力。 2. 地点副词，如here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere等。 例句：Here is an example, which I he because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (选自2002年Text 1) 分析：该句是复合句，两个which引导的定语从句分别修饰an example和a story，前一个which引导的定语从句为非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。 译文：比如说，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个能很好地发挥幽默效果的故事，因为所有的听众都对医生持有相同的看法。 3. 程度副词，如fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。 例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.(1997年第34题) 分析：该句是复合句，although后面跟的是让步状语从句。 译文：虽然付给她的报酬丰厚，但她无意去工作。 4. 频率副词，如sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。 例句： according to the functions that need to be served. 分析：该句是简单句，其中意为内嵌式的。在方式状语中，that need to be served 为定语从句，修饰the functions。 译文：此外，根据需要满足的功能，设计者通常必须选择家具或设计内嵌式家具。 5.方式副词，表示动作发生或进行的方式，如quickly，fast，slowly，suddenly，carefully，well, properly, roughly, angrily, rudely。 例句：You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant. 分析：该句是复合句，if引导的从句表示与现在相反的虚拟语气。 译文：如果你的卧室内部突然变得和饭店内部一样，你可能会大吃一惊。 6.疑问副词，如when, where，how，why, who。 例句：So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? (选自2002年Text 3)
初中英语语法状语从句讲解专项练习选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。 spends a lot of money on books______he is not rich. fell into sleep ______she was listening to the music. David at school today ----No. He is at home ______he has a bad cold. , won't have supper ______my mother comes back. to him slowly ______he may understand you better. 6. ______ she doesn't come on Sunday, I'll go fishing by myself. is four years ______I had left that small village. 8. ______the air moves, it is called wind. will go to the park ______it doesn't rain tomorrow. boys did ______much work. are few new words in the passage ______we can't understand it. ? back ______you come from. reached the station ______the train had left. you have a swimming pool ----No, we don't. At least, not ______big ______yours. me your paper ______you have finished it. is raining hard, ______we have to stay at home. 17. ______you work harder, you'll never pass the final exam. after the children ______I am out. ' village is ______far away ______I can't get there on foot. is ______an interesting book ______I can't stop reading it. 能力提高练习 1 ( ) 1 The meeting didn't start___ everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if ( ) 2 The boy ___ to bed ___ his mother came in. A. went not; until B. didn't go; after C. went; until D. didn't go; until ( ) 3 I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when ( ) 4 He ___ home ___ she was satisfied ___ his answer yesterday. A. didn't go; until; with B. wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to ( ) 5 He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is ( ) 6 They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if 2 ( ) 1 Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to ( ) 2 I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( ) 3 I will tell him the news as soon as he___ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 3 ( ) 1 Tom has got a watch. He ___ it for two years. It _______ by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought "' ( ) 2 When he got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left
2018考研英语语法长难句之并列结构 （例句版） 语法长难句，对于任何一个认真准备考研英语的考生而言，都不会是陌生的词。那么经常出现在考研英语中的长难句大概都有哪些结构呢?总的来说，考研英语中的语法长难句类型包含如下：隔离结构、并列结构、同位语从句、后置定语、状语从句、标语从句、插入语、比较结构、强调和倒装等。今天，就来带领大家来看一下那些在考研英语中出现的长难句结构---并列结构。 并列结构，顾名思义，并列结构就是将性质相同，内容相似，结构相似，无先后顺序，无因果关系的成分或者句子的并列的结构。因其成分为并列出现，故被称为并列结构。在英语句子中，经常出现“and，but，as well as，or，or else，both...and，neither...nor，either...or，not only...but(also)，as...as”等，将两个性质对等或是结构对等的部分连接成并列结构。无论是在做阅读理解还是翻译模块时，平行结构的作用还是比较大的：考生可以根据出现的平行结构来推断出与其对等的部分，进而可以通过对已知部分的理解，来推断出对等部分的含义，最终达到理解整个句子的意义。 例如：And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 在个句子中，句子的主干为：one leading authority says that+宾语从句;而在这个宾语从句“these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.”，我么可以看到not only...but(also)..结构，很明显，宾语从句中包含着一个并列结构;而并列的两部分为harnessed 和brought under conscious control;“to help us sleep and feel better”是状语成分。那么这个句子在进行翻译时，就要考虑到这个平行结构的处理：而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡得更香，是我们感觉更好。 同时，在2015年的考研英语题目中，有一道题目是词义考查题目：24.The word “moola”(Para. 4) most probably means . [A]skills [B]energy [C]earnings [D]nutrition 定位到文中第四段的句子，我们就可以很轻松的选出答案：“The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.”。根据and前后的关系puts in hours of physical or mental labor和draws out life-sustaining moola，就可以推断出“几个小时的体力和脑力劳动的投入”就可以“获得维持生活的工资”。 通过长难句中的平行结构给各位考生展示了“对付”平行结构的方法，希望考生可以在之后的复习过程中，对于这类结构多加留意和用心，并能投入到长难句的复习当中。 其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。 辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。 第一招：看经验谈视频，凯程网站有经验谈视频，其他机构没有。
初中英语语法专题讲座——状语从句 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before，as long as（长达……之久） 条件 If, unless,as/so long as(只要) 原因 As, because, since，as/so long as(既然,因为) 地点 Where 目的 So that(为了), in order that 结果 So that（方便）, so…that,such…that 让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较than, (not)as…as, 时间状语从句： Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 They all continued their regard for me as long as they lived. 他们毕生都在关心着我. 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。 原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句： Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句： Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，（为了）你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句： He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句： Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。
2019考研英语语法小讲：复合句 复合句(Complex Sentence) 一个主句和一个以上的从句所构成的句子称为复合句，也称为主从复合句。复合句通常由关联词把主句和从句连接起来。 例句： Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open瞐ccess, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (选自2008年Text 2) 分析：该句是复合句，其中主干结构是Other models exist;that引导的定语从句修饰models，而在从句中又套了一个由where引导的定语从句修饰open瞐ccess;在 where从句中，before 引导的时间状语从句中有一个who引导的定语从句修饰 everyone。 译文：其他存有的模式都是由以上三种模式相结合的产物。比如延缓式广开门路的模式，前6个月只允许付费的订阅者查阅相关论文，之后，才对大众免费开放。 例句： However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is，as yet，an unanswered question. (选自2005年Text 1) 分析：该句是复合句，本句中由or连接两个并列主语从句，后接系表结构is an unanswered question;定语从句that the species had 35 million years ago修饰the common ancestor。
时间状语从句常由以下连接词引导：when（当……时），as（一边……一边；当…时），while（在……期间），after（在……之后），before（在……之前），as soon as（一……就），since（自从），till(until)（直到……，直到……才），whenever（任何时候），the moment（一……就），no sooner than（一……就），hardly…when… （一……就）等。由以上连接词（或词组）连接的主从复合句中，主句和从句的动作，有的是同时发生，有的是先后发生。因此，要特别注意根据连接词所代表的时间不同，主句和从句的谓语要使用相应的时态。这是掌握时间状语从句的关键。 1. when 和whenever 引导的从句：从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生。例如： When we reached home, it was already dark. 我们到家的时候天已经黑了。 When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing volleyball. 昨天我表哥来时，我正在打排球。 When it rains, I go to school by bus.下雨的时候，我坐车去学校。 I shall tell her the good news when she comes. 她来时，我将告诉她这个好消息。（主从句都表示将来发生的动作，但要注意从句中要用一般现在时，表示将来。） Come to see us whenever you can.你什么时候有空，就过来看看我们。 2. while 和as 引导的从句：while表示“当…过程中”，强调某一段时间主句和从句的动作在同时发生。as表示“当…时”或 “一边…一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生。例如： Work while you work; play while you play. 该工作的时候就工作，该玩的时候就玩。 While he is reading, he always makes notes. 他经常一面看书，一面做笔记。 She sings as she goes along.她边走边唱。 You will grow wiser as you grow older. 随着年龄的增长，你会更加聪明起来。 3. before 和after 引导的从句：前者一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。后者表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。 例如： I didn’t know any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前，一点英语都不懂。 I had written my report before my mother came back.
2019考研英语语法：攻克倒装句的两大方面 一、何为倒装句 1.倒装句的定义：动词在句子中的位置或相对位置发生改变。 2.倒装句的分类：部分倒装和完全倒装 3.倒装句的处理流程：识别和还原 二、倒装句的处理 1.部分倒装 定义：系动词、情态动词或助动词被置于主语前为部分倒装(实意动词位置未发生改变)。 识别与还原：如果在系动词、情态动词和助动词后出现名词能够判定为部分倒装。部分倒装的还原十分简单：将系动词、情态动词和助动词还原，助动词有时也需要去掉。 考生们在阅读过程中只需要了解这个个倒装，将其还原为正常语序，而不是要深究为什么要到装，要知道，语法的某些层面是最说不清道不明的。 例1：She worked hard , so /as did her husband。 她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。 例2：Hard as he worked , he did not pass the exam。 虽然他很用功，但是还是没及格。 2.完全倒装 定义：动词前后的成分完全倒置(动词的相对位置发生改变)。 存有环境：主系表倒装为表系主。
在句中充当主语和表语的成分： A。主语：名词、代词、动词不定式，动名词; B。表语：形容词，形容词短语，现在分词短语，过去分词短语 (以上成为形容词性的词);介词短语(方位副词)。 系动词分类： 状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。 持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand。 表“像”系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这个概念，主要有seem，appear，look。 感官系动词感官系动词主要有：feel，smell，sound，taste。 变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要 有become , grow , turn , fall , get , go , come , run。 终止系动词：表示主语已经终止动作，主要有prove ，turn out ,表达“证实”，“变成”之意。 判断流程： A。形容词性的词置于句首或介词短语和方位副词置于句首，后紧 跟系动词可判定为倒装。 B. V.-ing 开头的句子，后紧跟复数系动词可判定为倒装。 C. V.-ing 开头的句子，后紧跟单数系动词，后接名词性的词能 够判定为倒装。
2018考研英语语法：并列结构的4种常见并列词 一、什么是并列结构： 两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同的词、短语或句子由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来，构成语法结构序列，这种语法结构序列叫做并列结构。 二、并列结构的构成： (一)构成形式 并列结构分为不同的层次，可以是词和词的并列，词组和词组的并列，也可以是分句和分句的并列。 1、词和词的并列：形式相当，意义一致或相反的单个词用并列连词连接起来(当然词组也可以的!) 例1：sooner or later 例2：beauty and the beast 例3：gloom and doom 例4：one way or the other 2、分句和分句的并列：形式相当，意义一致或相反的句子用并列连词连接起来 例1：She played the piano and I danced. 她弹起了琴，我跳起了舞。 例2：The weather is good, but I still want to stay at home. 天气挺好，但我还是想宅在家。 例3：You can play basketball outside or play cards at a bar. 你可以在外面打球，或者找个酒吧打牌。 (二)并列连词(找到并列连词，分清并列对象，这是并列结构的关键) 英语有三个主要的并列连词，即and，or，but。另外，nor，so和yet同样可作连接性副词。除此之外，还有几对关联并列连词，分别是both...and，either...or，not...but，neither...nor，not only...but also。按照意义划分，并列连词可分为四类：以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词;以or为代表的表示选择的并列连词;以but为代表的表示转折和对比的并列连词;以so为代表的表示因果关系的并列连词。 1、以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词 这类并列连词包括and，both...and，not only...but (also)，not...nor，neither...nor等。它们在语义上表示其所连接的成分是对前项的补充和引申，包括肯定和否定两种意义的引申。 例1：Not only are the students interested in the film, but their teacher is beginning to show an interest in it. 不仅学生们对这部电影很感兴趣，连他们的老师都开始有兴趣看了。 例2：Neither has Harry wanted to take off the necklace, nor has his companion Ron. 哈利不想摘掉项链，他的伙伴罗恩也不想。
2019考研英语语法解析：动词不定式作主语 学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的，英语水平要提升，语法知识点必须要熟练掌握。基础复习阶段，对于遇到的相关语法一定要弄懂弄会。小编分解各个语法知识点，帮助大家一一攻克。下面是动词不定式作主语语法知识点解析： 2019考研英语语法解析：动词不定式作主语 在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如： To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that. 象那样死去是一件可怕的事。( it 作形式主语，把真正的主语to die like that放在后面) To know oneself is difficult.=It’s difficult to know oneself. 有自知之明不容易。 To tell a lie is not always easy.= It’s not always easy to tell a lie. 撒谎并非总是容易。 Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永远不得罪任何人就是我的原则。 It’s against nature to remain single. 保持单身是违反自然的。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that. 一条狗象那样死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主语) For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know everything. 一个人什么都知道是不可能的。 For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去当水手是很自然的事。 It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。 It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。(否定) It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。 但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由of 引出： careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid 傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。 为什么这些词要用of 引出不定式呢? 因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。It is + 形容词+of sb + to do sth 这样的句型更强调某人如何如何，可以改写为：Sb + be + 形容词+ to do sth. 而for sb to do sth 这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。例如： 1、It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难，不能写成 I am difficult to learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。) 2、It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unwise to go to the United States at this time. 强调你不明智。 It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你来为我们送行太好了。 It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝这么多酒、抽这么多烟是不明智的。 It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John杀害动物真是残忍之极。
英语语法大全之方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。 1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e13784658.html, 北京微课创景教育科技有限公司- 1 -