新编大学英语4课后习题答案完整版(Book 4)
Unit 1
Reading comprehension
1略
2 BDCAC AADBB
Vocabulary
1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer
2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition
3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt
4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable
D. reason
5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst
D. analysis
6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values
7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous
D. humorless
8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood
2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security
3) a sense of inferiority
4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6)
a sense of justice
7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness
9) a sense of direction
10) a sense of urgency
3. 1) Lively behavior is normal
2) Fast cars appeal to
3) diverse arguments
4) I asked my boss for clarification
5) sensitive to light
6) Mutual encouragement
7) made fun of him
8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint
9) to be the focus/center of attention
10) we buy our tickets in advance
4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed
7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11)
attempt 12) voice
13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble
Unit 2
Reading comprehension
1略
2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT
Vocabulary
1. Creating Compound Words
STEP ONE:
Column A Column B The compound words created through day throughout
up man upbeat, uplift
draw eared drawback
teen ready teenage
hand conscious handout, handwritten
birth back birthday, birthstone
chair distance chairman
rag beat rag-eared
ever lift ever-ready
over age overdue, overage
long due long-distance, long-eared
self stone self-conscious
mile out m ileage, milestone
type wishing typewriter, typewritten
well writer/written w ell-wishing, well-written
STEP TWO:
1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter
6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared
11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage
2. 1) A. intrigued v. interest
B. intrigue n. the act or practice of secretly planning to harm someone or make them lose their position of power
2) A. straining v. try very hard to do something using all your physical or mental strength
B. strain n. a force that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something
3) A. savor n. taste; flavor
B. savored v. enjoy the taste or flavor of; enjoy as much
as you can
4) A. treasure v. treat something as being very special, important, or valuable
B. treasure n. a store of gold, silver, jewels, etc.
5) A. credited v. consider …as having achieved something or being the reason for it
B. credit n. trust; faith
6) A. boost n. an encouraging act of cheering somebody up
B. boost v. make someone feel more confident and less worried
7) A. note n. a short, usually informal, letter
B. noted v. notice or pay careful attention to something
8) A. signed v. write your signature on a letter or document to show that you wrote it, agreed with it
B. sign n. gesture used to express one’s meaning, idea, etc.
9) A. totaled v. come to a certain amount
B. total n. the whole amount
10) A. stuffed v. fill something with a substance
B. stuff n. substance or material
11) A. count n. the number that is reached when something is being counted
B. count v. be important
12) A. last v. manage to remain in the same situation
B. last n. the remaining part of something
13) A. complimented v. express praise or admiration of somebody
B. compliment n. an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.
14) A. flood n. a large number or amount
B. flooding v. arrive in large numbers
15) A. contact n. communication with a person, organization, country, etc.
B. contact v. reach (someone) by message, telephone, etc.
3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized
11) lingered 12) acknowledged
4. column: 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C
tough: 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A
5.
1) A. complementary B. complimentary C. complimentary complimentary: 1) expressing admiration, praise, etc.
2) given free of charge
complementary: making something complete or perfect; supplying what is lacking or needed for completion
2) A. stationery B. stationary C. stationary
stationary: not moving, or not changing
stationery: writing materials (e.g. paper, envelopes, etc.)
3) A. typist B. typewriter C. typist
typewriter: a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of paper
typist: a person who types, especially one employed to do so 4) A. vulgar B. vague C. vague
vague: 1) not clearly expressed, known, described or decided 2) not clear in shape; not clearly seen
vulgar: not having or showing good taste or good manners; not educated
5) A. pad B. pat C. pad
pad: 1) several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing, drawing, etc.
2) a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a
part of the body, give shape to something or clean something 6) A. own B. owed C. owes D. owned
owe: 1) have to pay, for something already done or given
2) feel grateful
own: 1) a. belonging to oneself and to no one else
2) v. possess (something), especially by lawful right
6.
1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strange
Unit 3
1 Understanding the Organization of the Text
(1) Introduction (para 1)
It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and
interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity
and culture.
(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)
Supporting evidence
A. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)
i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.
ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes
and go on to higher achievement.
iii) Two examples:
a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.
b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.
B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)
i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.
ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.
C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4)
i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.
ii) Three examples:
a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.
b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems.
c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.
(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)
A. Supporting evidence:
i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.
ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.
B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from
the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.
C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.
2 CBDBCD
Vocabulary
1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias
6) deprived 7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate
2. conscious –unconscious positive –negative
encourage –discourage superior – inferior
directly –indirectly biased
– fair
sexist –nonsexist limited – unlimited
dependent –independent appropriately – inappropriately
3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B
4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take over
Unit 4
Reading Comprehension
1. 1) Introduction(para 1)
It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encourage
creativity in children.
2) An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow (para. 2-3)
A. The strategy:
To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new ideas.
B. The significance for adopting the strategy:
If children can be taught to think creatively, they will be better able to
function in tomorrow’s society.
3) The definition of creativity (para. 4-5)
A. Who successful students and adults are:
Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems.
B. What creative people can do:
They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good for
something.
4) A big problem in school (para. 6)
The problem: Children can obtain and give back information, but can’t fi gure
out ways to apply what they know in new situations.
5) A new approach to teaching (para 7)
A. The approach: Combining the basics with the activities where students must
use their imaginations.
B. How to do so: By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas and
new thoughts.
C. How to facilitate the process: To create an atmosphere in which there is no
risk in being creative-- a place where wild ideas are honored and valued,
never scorned or dismissed.
6) Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity (para. 8-10)
A. To involve children in decision making.
B. To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions.
C. To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. The reason
for doing so: Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.
D. To show a sense of humor. The reason for doing so: Children can see
creativity in its purest form.
E. To give children choices from their earliest age.
Examples:
a. When they are very young, let them choose between two food items for
lunch.
b. B. When they grow older, let them decide how to use their time or spend
their money
2 understanding specific information
TFFTTFFT
Vocabulary
1. 1) confused, confusion 2) intelligence, intelligent 3) humorous, humor
4) strategy, strategic 5) motivated, motivation 6) combination, combined
7) creation, creative 8) pursuit, pursuing 9) multiplication, multiply
10) employ, employment
2. 1) perfected 2) approaching 3) value 4) functions
5) approach
6) perfect 7) honor 8) function 9) honor 10) value
3. 1) dismiss 2) consequences 3) promoting 4) applies 5) vital
6) scorned 7) conventional 8) original
4. 1) consciously 2) innovative 3) unconsciously 4) determines 5) Imagination
6) aware 7) control 8) created 9) extension 10) technique
11) vulnerable 12) unfolding 13) joyful 14) gain 15) Apply
unit 5
Understanding the organization of the text
1) Introduction (para. 1)
Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or
bad ones.
2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)
The author’s arguments:
A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model while
accepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.
(para. 2)
B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)
C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)
a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.
b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.
c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.
D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents
try to teach their children. (para. 5)
3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be role
modes. (para. 6-7)
A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.
Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus
Christ. (para. 6)
B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.
Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.
2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywhere
without being the center of attention and I can’t even buy a
motorcycle I really want. (para. 7)
4) Conclusion (para 8-9)
The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.
A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try
to be good.
B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.
C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.
2、F T F T F F F F T F T F
Vocabulary
2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far
4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to
8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it
3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived
Unit 6
Vocabulary Practice
1.
1) sensible
sensible: having or showing good sense; reasonable sensitive: easily hurt, upset, or offended by things that people say
2) relative
relevant: directly connected with the subject or problem being discussed or considered
relative: considered in relation or proportion to somebody/something else; comparative
3) mechanism
machine: 机器
mechanism: a structure of working parts functioning together to produce an effect
4) requires
require: need something
request: ask for something politely or formally
5) eliminate
reduce: make something smaller in size, number, degree, price, etc.
eliminate: completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted
6) crash
crash: a breaking to pieces especially by or as if by collision collision: an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions
2.
1) character 2) end up 3) Rarely 4) casual 5) risky 6) all manner of 7) inform 8) sensible 9) definitively
3.
1) On the strength of 2) all manner of 3) feed on 4) reduce…to 5) end up
6) associated with 7) focus on 8) turned to 9) participate in 10) involved in
unit 7
1. C E B D A F
2. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo 重做，再做rewrite重写，改写
rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代
Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words
专业学位硕士研究生《知识产权》课程考试试卷 专业：全校年级：2015 考试方式：开卷学分：1 考试时间：110分钟 一、长江公司委托黄河大学设计了一项锅炉自动检测系统，但在委托合同中没有明确约定该研究成果专利申请权的归属，黄河大学指派罗教授承担这一委托项目，研究生张某参加了该项目的研究工作，撰写了研究报告，大学科研部的赵老师参加了该项目的评审和验收，并提出了一些改进建议。项目结束后，罗教授就该项目所产生的技术成果申请了专利，发明人署名为罗教授和研究生张某，但是长江公司和黄河大学对此有异议。长江公司认为其提供了资金和研究需求，专利申请权应当属于自己独有；黄河大学认为是其提供了研究条件、组建项目团队并最后完成该发明创造，这些发明创造应当属于黄河大学的职务发明，发明人应当为罗教授和研究生张某；科研部的赵老师认为其提出了改进建议应当作为发明人署名。请回答： 1.这一发明创造的专利申请权应当属于谁？为什么？（10分） 2.谁是发明人？为什么？（10分） 1、答：这一成果的专利申请权应当属于黄河大学。我国专利法规定，委托研究中产生的研究成果，其申请专利的权利依委托合同约定，没有约定的，专利申请权属于研究成果的完成方。此案中黄河大学受托承担这项研究任务，委托合同没有约定权利归属，所以专利申请权应当归属于完成方黄河大学。 2、答：发明人是罗教授和研究生张某。因为他们二人真正参与了此项研究，是对该发明创造技术方案的实质性特点做出创造性贡献的人。科研部的赵老师提出的仅是建议， 不属于对技术方案的具体研究和改进、故其不是发明人。
二、2010年1月A石油公司的高级工程师王某研制出一种节油装置，完成了该公司的技术攻坚课题，并达到国际领先水平。2010年3月，王某未经单位同意，在向某国外杂志的投稿论文中透露了该装置的核心技术，该杂志将论文全文刊载，引起A石油公司不满。同年6月，丙公司依照该杂志的报道很快研制了样品，并作好了批量生产的必要准备。A石油公司于2010年7月向我国专利局递交专利申请书。2010年12月丁公司也根据该杂志开始生产该节油装置。2012年2月A的申请被公布，2013年5月7日国务院专利行政部门授予A石油公司发明专利，2013年7月A石油公司向法院提起诉讼，分别要求丙公司和丁公司停止侵害并赔偿损失。问： 1. 2010年7月A石油公司申请专利时，该项发明还是否具有新颖性？为什么？（15分） 2.高级工程师王某享有哪些权利？为什么？（10分） 3.如果A石油公司的专利申请文件于2012年2月被专利局在其官方刊物《专利公告》中公布，丁公司自2010年12月开始直到2013年7月一直在生产销售节油装置，丁公司的这一期间的生产销售行为是否都构成侵权？如果并非都构成侵权，那么哪一期间的生产销售行为构成侵权？为什么？（20分） 1、答：2010年7月A石油公司申请专利时，该项发明具有新颖性。因为其不属于丧失新颖性的例外的第三条：申请专利的发明创造在申请日以前六个月内，有下列情形之一的，不丧失新颖性：①在中国政府主办或者承认的国际展览会上首次展出的；②在规定的学术会议或者技术会议上首次发表的；③他人未经申请人同意而泄露其内容的。 2、答：高级工程师王某享有在专利文件中署名的权利及受单位奖励及给予报酬的权利；因为其专利法及其实施细则规定，职务发明人享有以上相关权利。 3、答：丁公司在2010年12月至2013年7月的生产销售行为不全都构成侵权；丁公司在2012年2月后至2013年7月所生产销售的节油装置是构成侵权的，因为A石油公司的专利申请文件已于2012年2月在《专利公告》公布，其专利权已开始受法律保护，丁公司在2012年2月之前销售节油装置未侵犯A石油公司的专利权，因为之前仅系专利申请，还未取得相关专利权利。
1.导致欧洲中世纪黑暗时期出现的主要原因是什么? 因为中世纪时期是欧洲最为混乱的时期,也是其经济、政治、文化、军事等全面停滞发展的时期,当时的欧洲居民生活在水深火热之中,所以被称为黑暗时期. 1、政治的黑暗、政权的分散：自罗马帝国衰亡后,中欧、西欧被来自东欧的日耳曼民族统治,日耳曼民族又有很多种族,因此相互征伐不断,如法兰克帝国、神圣罗马帝国、英格兰王国、教皇国等等,这些国家相互征伐、动乱不已,而且中世纪时期虽然是欧洲的封建时期,但却不集权、不统一,类似分封制的封建制度导致封建国家缺乏强有力的基础,例如神圣罗马帝国、皇帝仅仅是一个称号而已.而封建地主又对百姓盘剥,加之战乱不断、瘟疫横行,民不聊生. 2、宗教的干涉：这一时期的基督教对各国的干扰极强,甚至对政权的建立、稳定都十分重要.宗教严格的控制文化教育、人们的生活：一方面他们严格要求中下层教士及普通百姓,另一方面,上层教士又和封建势力相勾结,腐败没落,压榨百姓和人民,中世纪的宗教裁判所又有极大的权力,可以处死他们所认为的异端分子,由于思想、科学被严格控制,这一时期的欧洲思想、文化、科学鲜有成就. 3、经济的没落,由于盘剥严重、科技落后,这一时期的经济几乎没有发展,没有进步就代表了落后； 4、瘟疫盛行：宗教的干涉,科技的落后,医学的不发达,导致瘟疫的盛行,540年~590年查士丁尼瘟疫导致东地中海约2500万人死亡；1346
年到1350的鼠疫导致欧洲约2500万人死亡,灾难极大地打击的了欧洲的经济、政治甚至人口的发展. 简而言之,这一时期的欧洲百姓生活在一种暗无天日,毫无希望的生活里,所以被称为黑暗时期. 2、在欧洲中世纪黑暗时期曾经出现过那些知名的数学家，他们在当时那样的背景下各自做了哪些数学工作？ 答：罗马人博伊西斯（罗马贵族），曾不顾禁令用拉丁文从古希腊著作的片段中编译了一些算术、几何、音乐、天文的初级读物，他把这些内容称为“四大科”，其中的数学著作还被教会学校作为标准课本使用了近千年之久，但博伊西斯本人还是遭受政治迫害被捕入狱并死在狱中。 7世纪，在英格兰的北部出现了一位博学多才的神学家，这就是被称为“英格兰文化之父”的比德。在数学方面，比德曾写过一些算术著作，研究过历法及指头计算方法。当时，对耶稣复活期的推算是教会讨论最热烈的课题之一，据说，这位比德大师就是最先求得复活节的人。 培根是英格兰人（贵族），曾在牛津大学和巴黎大学任教，会多种语言，对当时几乎所有的知识感兴趣，号称“万能博士”。他提倡科学，重视现实，反抗权威（应为不惧权威）。他认为，数学的思想方法是与生俱来的，并且是与自然规律相一致的。在他看来，数学是一切科学的基础，科学真理之所以是珍贵的，是因为它们是在数学的形成中被反映出来，即用数量和尺规刻画的。培根认为：“寻找和发
Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.
《数学史论约》复习题参考及答案本科 一、填空（22分） 1、数学史的研究对象是（数学这门学科产生、发展的历史），既要研究其历史进程，还要研究其（一般规律）； 2、数学史分期的依据主要有两大类，其一是根据（数学学科自身的研究对象、内容结构、知识领域的演进）来分期，其一是根据（数学学科所处的社会、政治、经济、文化环境的变迁）来分期； 3、17世纪产生了影响深远的数学分支学科，它们分别是（解析几何）、（微积分）、（射影几何）、（概率论）、（数论）； 4、18世纪数学的发展以（微积分的深入发展）为主线； 5、整数458 用古埃及记数法可以表示为（）。 6、研究巴比伦数学的主要历史资料是（契形文字泥板），而莱因特纸草书和莫斯科纸草 书是研究古代（埃及数学）的主要历史资料； 7、古希腊数学发展历经1200多年，可以分为（古典）时期和（亚历山大里亚）时期； 8、17世纪创立的几门影响深远的数学分支学科，分别是笛卡儿和（费马）创立了解析 几何，牛顿和（莱布尼茨）创立了微积分，（笛沙格）和帕斯卡创立了射影几何， （帕斯卡）和费马创立了概率论，费马创立了数论； 9、19世纪数学发展的特征是（创造）精神和（严格）精神都高度发扬； 10、整数458 用巴比伦的记数法可以表示为（）。 11、数学史的研究内容，从宏观上可以分为两部分，其一是内史，即（数学内在学科因素促使其发展）， 其一是外史，即（数学外在的似乎因素影响其发展）； 12、19世纪数学发展的特征，可以用以下三方面的典型成就加以说明： （1）分析基础严密化和（复变函数论创立）， （2）（非欧几里得几何学问世）和射影几何的完善， （3）群论和（非交换代数诞生）； 13、20世纪数学发展“日新月异，突飞猛进”，其显著趋势是：数学基础公理化， 数学发展整体化，（电子计算机）的挑战，应用数学异军突起，数学传播与（研究）的 社会化协作，（新理论）的导向； 14、《九章算术》的内容分九章，全书共（246）问，魏晋时期的数学家（刘徽）曾为它作注； 15、整数458 用玛雅记数法可以表示为（）。 16、数学史的研究对象是数学这门学科产生、发展的历史，既要研究其（历史进程），还要研究其（一般规律）； 17、古希腊数学学派有泰勒斯学派、（毕达哥拉斯学派）、（厄利亚学派）、巧辩学派、柏拉图学派、欧多克索学派和（亚里士多德学派）； 18、阿拉伯数学家（阿尔-花拉子模）在他的著作（《代数学》）中，系统地研究了当时对一元一次和一元二次方程的求解方法； 19、19世纪数学发展的特点，可以用以下三方面的典型成就加以说明：（1）（分析基础严密化）和复变函数论的创立；（2）非欧几里得几何学问世和（射影几何的完善）；（3）在代数学领域（群论）与非交换代数的诞生。 20、整数458 用古印度记数法可以表示为（）。 二、选择题 1、数学史的研究对象是（C）；
新编大学英语4（浙大版）课后习题答案共同学们欣赏嘎嘎 编辑 | 删除 | 权限设置 | 更多▼ 更多▲ ?设置置顶 ?推荐日志 ?转为私密日志 转载自W～XなK¤转载于2010年03月15日 11:55 阅读(0) 评论(0) 分类：移花接木权限: 公开 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢
Word2010 一、单选题（每题2分，共40分） 1、Word 2010具有的功能是（ D ） A.表格处理 B.绘制图形 C.自动更正 D.以上三项都是 2、下面关于Word标题栏的叙述中，错误的是（ B ） A.双击标题栏，可最大化或还原Word窗口 B.拖曳标题栏，可将最大化窗口拖到新位置 C.拖曳标题栏，可将非最大化窗口拖到新位置 D.以上三项都不是 3、Word 2010中的文本替换功能所在的选项卡是（B） A."文件" B."开始" C."插入" D."页面布局" 4、Word 2010文档中，每个段落都有自己的段落标记，段落标记的位置在（ B ） A.段落的首部 B.段落的结尾处 C.段落的中间位置 D.段落中，但用户找不到的位置 5、Word 2010文档的默认扩展名为（ C ） A.txt B.doc C.docx D.jpg 6、在Word 2010的编辑状态，可以显示页面四角的视图方式是（ C） A.草稿视图方式 B.大纲视图方式 C.页面视图方式 D.阅读版式视图方式
7、在Word 2010的编辑状态，当前正编辑一个新建文档"文档1"， 当执行"文件"选项卡中的" 保存"命令后（ B ） A."文档1"被存盘 B.弹出"另存为"对话框，供进一步操作 C.自动以"文档1"为名存盘 D.不能以"文档1"存盘 8、在Word 2010中，欲删除刚输入的汉字“李”字，错误的操作 是（ D） A.选择"快速访问工具栏"中的"撤消"命令 B.按Ctrl+Z键 C.按Backspace键 D.按Delete键 9、在Word 2010编辑状态中，使插入点快速移动到文档尾的操作 是（ B ） A.Home B.Ctrl+End C.Alt +End D.Ctrl+ Home 10、在Word 2010，如果无意中误删除了某段文字内容，则可以 使用"快速访问工具栏"上的（ A ）按钮返回到删除前的状态。 A. B. C. D. 11、在Word 2010文档中插入数学公式，在"插入"选项卡中应选 的命令按钮是（D） A.符号 B.图片 C.形状 D.公式 12、在Word 2010的"字体"对话框中，不可设定文字的（ B ）
数学史复习题 一、1.对于数学史的分期，1820’—现在属于 1.A.数学的起源与早期发展 B.初等数学时期 C.近代数学时期 D.现代数学时期 是希腊演绎几何的最高成就。 A.《原本》 B.《方法》 C.《圆锥曲线论》 D.《大成》 2.______的《数学汇编》被认为是古希腊数学的安魂曲。 3.A.海伦 B.托勒玫 C.丢番图 D.帕波斯 4.“百鸡问题”是“算经十书”中的______卷下的最后一题。 A.《孙子算经》 B.《张邱建算经》 C.《缉古算经》 D.《海岛算经》 5.关于一次同余组求解的剩余定理被称为“______”。 A.中国剩余定理 B.孙子定理 C.秦九韶定理 D.杨辉定理 6.“我思故我在”是______的名言。 A.柏拉图 B.毕达哥拉斯 C.笛卡儿 D.莱布尼茨 7.______是历史上第一篇系统的微积分文献。 8.A.《流数简论》 B.《运用无限多项方程的分析》 C.《流数法与无穷级数》 D.《曲线求积术》 8.“每个偶数是两个素数和；每个奇数是三个素数之和。”这就是着名的 9.A.费马小定理 B.费马大定理 C.哥德巴赫猜想 D.华林问题 世纪数学家们在对几何学作统一处理的观点下进行探索，在所有这些努力中，______ 在《几何基础》中使用的公理化方法最为成功。 A.希尔伯特 B.庞加莱 C.罗巴切夫斯基 D.黎曼 10.英国生物学家和统计学家______在现代数理统计的建立上起了重要作用。他在19世纪末、20世纪初发展了他老师高尔顿首先提出的“相关”与“回归”的理论，成功地创立了生物统计学。 A.贝叶斯 B.皮尔逊 C.费希尔 D.克拉默 11.电子计算机的发明与发展再一次表明，人类计算机工具的改进是离不开数学与数学家的贡献的。电子计算机都是以______的设计思想为基础的。 A.帕斯卡 B.巴贝奇 C.冯·诺依曼 D.图灵 12.费马大定理是1994年由英国数学家______完成的。 A.库默尔 B.谷山丰 C.弗雷 D.维尔斯 13．古典数学名着《圆锥曲线论》的作者是阿波罗尼奥斯。 2.“宋元数学四大家”是秦九韶、李冶、杨辉和朱世杰。
Unit 6 Risks Risks and You At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats-to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. But one sharp difference exists between the two. The hypochondriac can usually turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation-either you have the suspected disease or you don't. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple. Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty. You may ask, "Should I wear a seat belt?" If you' re going to have a head-on collision, of course. But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged seat belt mechanism? So does this mean that you should spend the extra money for an air bag? Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save your life. But what if the bag accidentally inflates while you are driving down the highway, thus causing an accident that would never have occurred otherwise? All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe. There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat-in other words, with every action. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others. The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly. For example, larger cars are generally safer than small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to die in a serious crash in a
Word 2003练习题及答案 一、单选题 1.通过以下哪种方法可以修改保存文档的默认文件夹？ A 在“选项”下，单击“保存”选项卡。 B 在“自定义”下，单击“选项”选项卡。 C 在“选项”下，单击“文件位置”选项卡。 D 在“自定义”下，单击“文件位置”选项卡。 2.有关格式刷，下列说法错误的是： A 首先双击格式刷，然后在段落中多次单击 B 首先将光标插入点定位在目标段落中，再双击格式刷 C 首先将光标插入点定位在源段落中，或选中源段落，再双击格式刷 D 取消格式刷工作状态，不能用Esc键 3.在Word文档中，关于设置字号，说法正确的是： A 最大字号为“初号” B 可在工具栏的“字号”框中直接输入自定义大小的字号，例如200 C 最大字号为“72”号 D 最大字号可任意指定，无限制 4.在Word中输入“叁万贰千捌佰肆拾柒”，最便捷的方法是： A 利用“插入”→“数字”的方法，再选择“壹，贰，叁…”数字类型 B 利用查找替换 C 插入特殊符号 D 插入符号 5.以下哪一项功能可以帮助您查找不熟悉单词的近义替换词？ A 同义词库。 B 自动编写摘要 C 拼写和语法。 D 自动更正。 6.在Word 2003中，通过以下哪一项功能可以将不同人员的编辑内容合并到一个文档中： A 自动编写摘要。 B 插入引用。 C 比较并合并文档 D 插入文件。 7.通过以下哪种方法可以最便捷地统计文档的行数和段落数？ A 使用“字数统计”功能。 B 启用行号功能。 C 查看“文档结构图”中的统计信息。 D 通过“文件”菜单中的“页面设置”看每页的行数。 8.下面说法中不正确的是： A 工具栏主要包括常用工具栏和格式工具栏 B 标尺分为水平标尺和垂直标尺 C 状态栏可以显示正在使用何种中文输入法 D 滚动条可以隐藏。 9.通常情况下，“标题栏”是以何种颜色为底色 A 黑色 B 白色 C 蓝色 D 灰色 10.下面说法中不正确的是 A 状态栏位于文档的底部，可以显示页号、节号、页数、光标所在的列号等内容 B 滚动条是位于文档窗口右侧和底边的灰色条 C 通常情况下，菜单栏中有8个菜单 D 标题栏可以显示软件名称和文档名称 11.新建文档的快捷键是 A Alt+N B Ctrl+N C Shift+N D Ctrl+s 12.在Word2003文档中，对图片设置下列哪种环绕方式后，可以形成水印效果。 A 四周型环绕 B 紧密型环绕 C 衬于文字下方 D 衬于文字上方 13.在Word2003中，“页面设置”命令在下列哪一菜单中。 A 格式 B 文件 C 视图 D 插入 14.在word2003中，使用______可以设置已选段落的边框和底纹 A “格式”菜单中的“段落”命令 B “格式”菜单中的“字体”命令 C “格式”菜单中的“边框和底纹”命令 D “视图”菜单中的“边框和底纹”命令
选择题（每题2分） 1.对古代埃及数学成就的了解主要来源于( A ) A.纸草书 B.羊皮书 C.泥版 D.金字塔内的石刻 2.对古代巴比伦数学成就的了解主要来源于( C ) A.纸草书 B.羊皮书 C.泥版 D.金字塔内的石刻 3.《九章算术》中的“阳马”是指一种特殊的( B ) A.棱柱 B.棱锥 C.棱台 D.楔形体 4.《九章算术》中的“壍堵”是指一种特殊的( A ) A.三棱柱 B.三棱锥 C.四棱台 D.楔形体 5.射影几何产生于文艺复兴时期的( C ) A.音乐演奏 B.服装设计 C.绘画艺术 D.雕刻艺术 6.欧洲中世纪漫长的黑暗时期过后，第一位有影响的数学家是( A )。 A.斐波那契 B.卡尔丹 C.塔塔利亚 D.费罗 7.被称作“第一位数学家和论证几何学的鼻祖”的数学家是( B ) A.欧几里得 B.泰勒斯 C.毕达哥拉斯 D.阿波罗尼奥斯 8.被称作“非欧几何之父”的数学家是( D ) A.波利亚 B.高斯 C.魏尔斯特拉斯 D.罗巴切夫斯基 9.对微积分的诞生具有重要意义的“行星运行三大定律”，其发现者是( C ) A.伽利略 B.哥白尼 C.开普勒 D.牛顿 10.公元前4世纪，数学家梅内赫莫斯在研究下面的哪个问题时发现了圆锥曲线？( C ) A.不可公度数 B.化圆为方 C.倍立方体 D.三等分角 11.印度古代数学著作《计算方法纲要》的作者是( C ) A.阿耶波多 B.婆罗摩笈多 C.马哈维拉 D.婆什迦罗 12.最早证明了有理数集是可数集的数学家是( A ) A.康托尔 B.欧拉 C.魏尔斯特拉斯 D.柯西 13.下列哪一位数学家不属于“悉檀多”时期的印度数学家？( C ) A.阿耶波多 B.马哈维拉 C.奥马.海亚姆 D.婆罗摩笈多 14.在1900年巴黎国际数学家大会上提出了23个著名的数学问题的数学家是( A ) - 1 - / 9
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement
word考试试题和答案 一、选择题 1.在Word中，单击下面四个常用工具栏中的按钮，可以打开一个下拉列表，该按钮是： (A)显示比例(B)拼写检查(C)帮助(D)新建 2.在Word窗口的工作区中，闪烁的垂直条表示： (A)鼠标位置(B)插入点(C)键盘位置(D)按钮位置 3.在Word中，不打印却想查看要打印的文件是否符合要求，可单击： (A)"打印预览"按钮(B)"文件"按钮 （C）"新建"按钮(D)"文件名"按钮 4.下列操作中，执行不能选取全部文档。 (A)执行"编辑"菜单中的"全选"命令或按Ctrl+A组合键 (B)将光标移到文档的左边空白处，当光标变为一个空心箭头时，按住Ctrl键，单击鼠标 (C)将光标移到文档的左边空白处，当光标变为一个空心箭头时，连续三击鼠标
(D)将光标移到文档的左边空白处，当变为一个空心箭头时，双击鼠标 5.把单词cta改成cat，再把teh改成the后，单击"撒消上一次"按钮会显示： (A)cta (B)cat (C)teh (D)the 6.下列操作中，执行不能在Word文档中插入图片。 (A)执行"插入"菜单中的"图片"命令 (D)使用剪切板粘贴其他文件的部分图形或全部图形 (C)使用"插入"菜单中的"文件"命令； (D)使用"插入"菜单中的"对象"命令 7.要改变文档中单词的字体，必须： (A)把插入点置于单词的首字符前，然后选择字体 (B)选择整个单词然后选择字体 (C)选择所要的字体然后选择单词 (D)选择所要的字体然后单击单词一次 8.Word把格式化分为等3类。 (A)字符、段落和句子格式化(B)字符、句子和页面格式化 (C)句子、页面格式和段落格式化(D)字符、段落和页面格式化