浙江省宁波市2020年新高考适应性考试（一模）
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷（选择题部分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What helps the man study?
A. Having the TV on.
B. Listening to music.
C. Staying in a quiet place.
2. Why does Anne need help?
A. Her bag is full.
B .She's carrying something.
C. It is hard to close her drawer.
3. How often does the man work out now?
A. Once a week.
B. Twice a week.
C. Every other day.
4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Monitor and classmate.
5. How does the man feel about the idea?
A. Relaxed.
B. Unsure.
C. Excited.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和7题。
6. How is the man feeling?
A. Angry.
B. Scared.
C. Sleepy.
7. How long is the speakers' trip?
A. Thirteen hours.
B. Ten hours.
C. Four hours.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和10题。
8. What does the woman think about famous brands?
A. They are the best.
B. They are beautiful
C. They are too expensive.
9. Why do some people prefer famous brands according to the man?
A. To show off their knowledge .
B. To get people to follow them.
C. To look special and fashionable.
10. What does the man think about first when he buys things?
A. Brand and style.
B. Quality and price.
C. Advertisement and brand.
听下面一段对话.回答第11至13题。
11. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. What made Alexa's plants dead.
B . Where Alexa planted her plants.
C. Why it's hard to keep house plants.
12. What did Alexa do with her yellow plant?
A. She put it in the sunlight.
B. She returned it to the shop
C. She gave it too much water；
13. What does the man suggest Alexa do?
A. Throw all her plants away.
B. Find out more about plants online.
C. Move all her plants out of the sun.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。
14. By 2020, where should trash sorting happen?
A. In all major cities of China.,
B. Only in Zhejiang province.
C. In Ms. Chu's neighborhood.
15. What is Ms. Chu's profession?
A. Trash collector.
B. Reporter.
C. Politician.
16. What is one of Mr. Tang's solutions?
A. Door-to-door training.
B. Free trash cans.
C. Plastic trash bags.
17. How will a trash collector find a bag's owner?
A. He will call a volunteer.
B. He will see a name on the bag.
C. He will scan the bag with a phone.
听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the purpose of the staff meeting?
A. To find ways to help Mrs. Smith.
B. To hear how Mrs. Smith is doing.
C. To figure out what's wrong with Mrs. Smith.
19. Where did Mrs. Smith feel the pain?
A. In her arm.
B. In her lung.
C. In her shoulder.
20. How long has Mrs. Smith worked at the company?
A. Over five years.
B. About three months.
C. Less than two weeks.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题：每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B, C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
With TV shows like ''Sex and The City” and "Baywatch" making the leap to the big screen, fans of 90s sitcom "Friends" had been hoping and praying that a movie would be on the way.
Sadly, Jennifer Aniston ― who played Rachel Green throughout the sitcom's 10 seasons —has now flattened hopes of a restart. In an interview with Variety, the 50-year-old actress said that although there was some interest in a movie, producers wouldn't allow it.
Asked if her former castmates Courteney Cox (Monica Geller), Lisa Kudrow (Phoebe Buffay), Matt LeBlanc (Joey Tribbiani), Matthew Perry (Chandler Bing) and David Schwimmer (Ross Geller) would be open to repeating their roles, she continued, "It depends. I mean, we haven't all sat in a room. But would we have loved to have done something together? Yeah. It would have been fun. We could have redesigned it for a couple of episodes. But whatever. Maybe it's better this way, but we'll never know.”
Aniston said she was surprised that fans are still watching reruns of the show on Netflix, 25 years after it first premiered. "It's a phenomenon that I am amazed by. To have a whole new generation of children adoring the show as much as they did back in the day when it was airing for the first time is incredible."
Aniston's comments come just months after Adam Sandler, her co-star in the new Netflix comedy "Murder Mystery," called on her and the cast of "Friends" to "make a movie". "‘Friends'
was a powerhouse," he told People in June.
Marta Kauffman — who co-created the show with David Crane — has said in the past that a restart ran the risk of ruining the show's heart. "One, the show is about a time in your life when your friends are your family. It's not that time anymore," she told Rolling Stone magazine in 2013. "A11 we'd be doing is putting those six actors back together, but the heart of the show would be gone. Two, I don't know what good it does us. The show is doing just fine, people love it. A reunion could only disappoint."
21. Jennifer Aniston was amazed mainly because .
A. "Friends” are still being shown on Netflix
B. producers wouldn't allow the reunion of "Friends”
C. even today's young people like "Friends" so much
D. fans of 90s "Friends" expect its movie to be on the way
22. “The heart" of "Friends" mentioned by Marta Kauffman may indicate .
A. the happy time of the old generation
B. the important roles of friends in modem times
C. the value of friendship in young adults* life back then
D. the balance between friends and families 25 years ago
23. We can conclude from the passage that .
A. a "Friends" movie may never happen
B. Variety is pushing "Friends" to be filmed
C. actors of "Friends" all hope to see a reunion
D. Jennifer shows high expectation on filming "Friends"
B
The amount of time young children in the United States spend with mobile screens might raise some eyebrows, as a new report found it has tripled in just four years.
Children 8 and younger spent about 15 minutes a day staring at a mobile screen in 2013 and now they spend 48 minutes a day, according to the report by Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization focused on helping children, parents, and educators navigate the world of media and technology.
The report, released on Thursday, also found that 42% of children 8 and younger now have
their own tablet devices, a sharp increase from 7% four years ago and less than 1% in 2011.
Children spending more time on mobile devices comes as no shock to Douglas Gentile, a psychology professor at Iowa State University who was not involved in the new report but has studied the effects of media use on children.
"On the one hand, it's not surprising because it's what we look around ourselves and can see. I can see it at the airport, for example, I can see it at restaurants and I can even see it in my own home where my younger daughter watches almost no television, but she'll watch lots of TV shows on her phone," Gentile said.
On the other hand, "it's been getting harder for parents to really monitor a lot of what their kids are seeing and doing. At the same time, they're relying on the seeming benefit of being able to quiet the kid at a restaurant with a device," he said. "We may be building a bit of a Frankenstein's monster, because we're using that power for our benefit, not for the child's benefit.
These changing patterns in how children interact with media appear to be great, said James Steyer, chief executive officer and founder of Common Sense Media, in an email to CNN. "One of the most shocking findings is that mobile devices are now as popular in the home as TVs — 98% of households with kids under 8 have a mobile device,"he said. "The ubiquity of mobile is changing childhood."
24. The writer uses figures in the second paragraph to .
A. prove the reliability of the report
B. praise the efforts made by Common Sense Media
C. indicate the popular use of mobile devices nowadays
D. illustrate the increase of time children spend on mobile devices
25. According to Douglas Gentile, parents .
A. can totally control children's use of mobile devices
B. always use mobile devices in favor of their children
C. partly cause children's increasing use of mobile devices
D. often discourage their children from using mobile devices
26. The underlined word in the last paragraph most probably means " ?
A. rare use
B. important role
C. obvious benefit
D. common existence
C
It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to delay self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your self-care and finances.
A new study published Thursday in the journal Current Biology asked excellent endurance athletes to overtrain for three out of nine weeks, and compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program.
Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the overtraining, MRIs of their brains during behavioral tasks showed more exhaustion in the cognitive control part of the brain system. "Cognitive control in this situation is the capacity to maintain exercise despite things like muscle pain," said study author Bastien Blain, a research associate at University College London. "And what we found is that there is an intelligence factor involved in exercising and it has a limited capacity. You cannot use it forever."
In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your body's ability to exercise. But that's not all. Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes' abilities to resist temptation of an immediate reward. "For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months," Blain said. "And those who overtrained were more likely to choose the immediate reward, which is interesting. It could provide a mechanism to explain why some athletes are using drugs to improve their performance.,
One caution about the exercise study is that it only looked at endurance athletes, said. Dr. Marc-Andre Cornier, who is associate director of Colorado University's Anschutz Health and Wellness Center. "This is potentially very important for the higher end athlete who is overdoing it," Cornier said. "But does this have anything to do with the average Joe going to the gym? You can't conclude that from this study."
27. What does the underlined word "it" in the third paragraph refer to'?
A. The brain system.
B. A limited capacity.
C. An intelligence factor.
D. The cognitive control.
28. Why did overworked athletes tend to choose the immediate reward
A. Because they were too eager to succeed.
B. Because all parts of their brain were tired.
C. Because overtraining led to their bad decisions.
D. Because they took drugs to improve their performance.
29. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A study about self-satisfaction.
B. Negative effects of too much exercise.
C. The relation between brain and exercise.
D. Poor choices in people's self care and finances.
30. What can we infer from the passage?
A. There is a limit to the brain.
B. Higher end athletes have great potential.
C. Top athletes may suffer from overtraining.
D. Delaying self-satisfaction results in better performance.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Countless parents have kids who just want to eat chickens pasta, or macaroni and cheese, and definitely without any vegetables. So what's a parent to do? 31 We reached out to experts on healthy eating for kids, and they had a ton of great advice
Make food interesting. Lori Day, an educational psychologist, thought that if kids found food interesting, they'd be more likely to try it. So Day let her daughter shell peas, count them, sort them by size and play with them before putting them in the pot. 32 “Make food interesting if your child is naturally curious and is willing, to engage,” Day said.
33 Several parents talked about how bringing their children with them to the farmers market or the grocery store and having them help with the cooking can get them more excited and invested in what they are eating. “Kids can be inspired to eat healthy when they are part of the meal,” said Margaret McSweeney, host of the podcast Kitchen Chat. "A trip to the local farmers market can connect them whith the source of food.”
Give kids choices. Ava Parnass, an infant-child psychotherapist said that from a young age,
parents should let their kids choose foods and snacks they like, within reason."Give them more room to choose as they get older," she added. And never get into a power struggle with your kids about eating, she said. “ 34 ”
Model healthy eating. Our kids can be influenced to make better choices if they watch us doing the same. Pam Moore, founder of the blog Whatevs, says her kids always see her and husband eating healthy. “ 35 I often keep sliced veggies washed,sliced and ready to eat for snacks. Our children will ask for bites as time goes on, as they like to copy what we do,” said Moore.
A .First, don't stress.
B. Get the kids involved.
C. Inspire kids to eat healthy.
D. Her daughter loved eating them raw or cooked.
E. Make sure you are not overcontrolling or overeducating them.
F. Both my husband and I typically add greens to our eggs at breakfast.
G. We talk about food colors and how it's healthiest to make meals with various colors.
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I started a company when I met with a major chance that was going to take our company to the next level. Then something 36 happened. I received an email from the investor that read: "We're going to 37
I was crushed （崩溃）.The next few days I thought about this 38 and realized just how 39 I truly was. I thought maybe it was time to count my 40 and get another “real job". Luckily, I realized that having that thought meant I had a problem my fear of 41 . If I was going to keep moving forward with my company I'd have to 42 this fear of being rejected again. So, I 43 Gooele to help solve my problem and I found a game. The 44 of the game is to help you get over your fear of rejection by 45 seeking out rejection. I loved it. I 46 I would try it to help me remove this fear.
What came next was something I could have 47 imagined. As my rejection journey continued, I began to feel more and more 48 when asking for things, realizing I could focus on
the 49 factors.
In the process of my rejection journey, here is what I learned about rejection. Avoiding it doesn't 50 mean you avoid failure. Most people believe avoiding rejection is a good thing, 51 that's not true. When we 52 away from rejection, we reject ourselves and our ideas before the world ever has a 53 to reject them. This is the 54 form of rejection and we are overlooked by the world. Therefore, the greatest lesson I've learned from rejection is no matter what, don't be 55 by the world.
36.A. interesting
37. A. invest
38. A. condition
39.A. discouraged
40.A. losses
41.A. damage
42.A. oppose
43. A. turned to
44. A. origin
45. A. consequently
46. A. admitted
47.A. never
48.A. fearless
49. A. predictable
50.A. firmly
51.A. and
52.A. break
53.A. reason
54.A. worst
55.A. conquered B. unexpected
B. quit
B. cause
B . thankful
B .investment
B .destruction
B. hate
B . appealed to
B. outcome
B. intentionally
B. suggested
B. ever
B. powerful
B. controllable
B. frequently
B. or
B. give
B. chance
B. best
B. ignored
C. strange
C. fail
C. accident
C. fortunate
C. money
C. rejection
C. overcome
C. responded to
C. rule
C. primitively
C. decided
C. almost
C. ashamed
C. undesirable
C. hopefully
C. however
C. look
C. motivation
C. common
C. judge
D. different
D. loses
D. defeat
D. considerate
D. days
D. failure
D. minimize
D. led to
D .purpose
D. accidentally
D .explained
D. nearly
D ; embarrassed
D . considerable
D. necessarily
D. but
D. shy
D. inspiration
D. rare
D. cheated
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题部分)
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many people of Asian descent(血统)living overseas, a Facebook group called Subtle Asian Traits has become one of the popular cultural 56 (phenomenon). Its jokes and memes 一about life as a first-generation migrant - have made the page 57 (wild) popular. Almost a million people 58 (join) the group since it began. The posts, 59 can be made by anyone, have had conversations about cultural identity. It was founded by nine Chinese-Australian high school students living in Melbourne. Anne Gu, 18, one of the 60 (found), said they were delighted when the group hit 1,000 members but now it's gone crazily. "We didn't think at all that it would get this big, or so serious," she said, 61 (refer) to its growth into 62 online community for people of Asian descent.
The posts span a range of topics, but they often focus on Asian culture 63 (experience) by the children of migrants. That's 64 most members are young people from Australia, the US, Canada and the UK, rather than those living in Asia.
Anne Gu believes that the page is so popular because it identifies just little things in our lives that no one talked 65 before.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你校英语口语社将换届选举，你欲参选社长，请你写一篇英语竞选
演讲稿，进行口头竞选演讲。内容包扬：
1. 竞选职位；
2. 个人优势；
3. 当选设想。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modem life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the
driver's seat is another matter.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modem drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take （互让）from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
【参考答案】
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分） 第一节（共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并再答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock. An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later. If it were not stopped, that long train, full of passengers, would fall into the stream. “Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master,” Kate thought. But who was to go? She would have to go herself. There was no one else. In wind and rain, she started on her difficult was. Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the Des Moines River, a bridge also built of wood, just like the bridge across Honey Creek. The storm had not washed this away, but there was no footpath across it. She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper(枕木) to sleeper. With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below. If she should slip, she would fall between the sleepers, into the rapidly flowing stream. At last -she never knew how long it had taken her – she felt solid ground under her feet. But there was no time to rest. She still had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left. Unless she reached the station before the express did, many, many lives would be lost. She did reach the station just as the train came into sight. Fortunately, the station-master was standing outside. “The bridge is down! Stop the train! Oh, please stop it!” Kate shouted breathlessly. The station-master went pale. He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light. He waved the red light as the train came into the station. It was not a second too early. 21. What did Kate decide to do? A. Stop the express train. B. Check the signal light. C. Meet the passengers. D. Visit the station-master. 22. Which of the following words best describes Kate’s journey? A. Fruitless. B. Boring. C. Well-planned. D. Ricky. 23. Why did the station-master turn pale? A. He suddenly fell ill. B. He realized the danger. C. He discovered his mistake. D. He became over-excited. B The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to man guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bile linked to a generator(发电机). The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guest will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity – roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meal tickets worth $36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel. The plan, a world-first, will start on 19 April and run for a year. Only guest staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Frederikke Toemmergaard, hotel spokeswoman, said, “Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.” Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition an 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of the highest percentages in the world, according to the website visitcopenhagen.dk. US environmental website https://www.doczj.com/doc/526244634.html, recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling, we felt the bicycle would work well as symbol of the hotel’s green profile(形象).” If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement. 24. What is the main purpose of the free meal programme? A. To promote the hotel’s green concept. B. To make the city known to the world. C. To attract people to the hotel restaurant. D. To get guests to stay longer at the hotel. 25. How can a participant get a free meal? A. By becoming a professional cyclist. B. By cycling to produce some electricity.
2019年高考英语考试大纲 考核目标与要求 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右。 二、语言运用 1.听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能： (1)理解主旨要义; (2)获取具体的、事实性信息; (3)对所听内容做出推断; (4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。 2.阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： (1)理解主旨要义; (2)理解文中具体信息; (3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义; (4)做出判断和推理; (5)理解文章的基本结构; (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 3.写作 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能： (1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思; (2)有效运用所学语言知识。 4.口语 要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能： (1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法; (2)做到语音、语调自然; (3)做到语言运用得体; (4)使用有效的交际策略。 附录1语音项目表 1. 基本读音 (1) 26个字母的读音 (2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 (6) 辅音字母组合的读音 (7) 辅音连缀的读音 (8) 成节音的读音 2. 重音 (1) 单词重音
(2) 句子重音 3. 读音的变化 (1) 连读 (2) 失去爆破 (3) 弱读 (4) 同化 4. 语调与节奏 (1) 意群与停顿 (2) 语调 (3) 节奏 5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧 7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异 附录2语法项目表 1. 名词 (1) 可数名词及其单复数 (2) 不可数名词 (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 2. 代词 (1) 人称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反身代词 (4) 指示代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词 3. 数词 (1) 基数词 (2) 序数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词 6. 形容词(比较级和最高级) 7. 副词(比较级和最高级) 8. 冠词 9. 动词 (1) 动词的基本形式 (2) 系动词 (3) 及物动词和不及物动词 (4) 助动词 (5) 情态动词 10. 时态 (1) 一般现在时 (2) 一般过去时 (3) 一般将来时
2020年高考英语考试大纲(新课标)
月份星期 January (Jan) Monday(Mon) February(feb ) Tuesday(tyes) March(mar) Wednesday(wed.) April(apr) Thursday(thurs) May(may) Friday(fri) June(jun) Saturday(sat) July(jul) Sunday(sun) September(sept) October(oct)
November(nov) December(dec) Ⅰ、考试性质 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的离中华业生和具有同等 学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。因此.离考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。 Ⅱ.考试的内容和要求 根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要球，依据中华人民共和国教育部2020年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。 考核目标与要求 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念 和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右. 二、语言运用 1.听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能： （1）理解主旨和要义 （2）获取具体的、事实性信息 （3）对所听内容作出推断 （4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度 2.阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、 说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1）理解主旨和要义
2015江苏高考《考试说明》新增词汇 ◇deduce (v.) 演绎; 推断。 Detectives deduced from the clues who had committed the crime. 侦探根据所掌握的线索推断出作案的人。 ◇anticipate (v.) 期望, 预料；预见到（要发生的事）而采取措施: Do you anticipate (meeting) any trouble? 你预料会有麻烦吗? We anticipated their (making a) complaint by writing a full report. 我们没等他们投诉而抢先写好了一份详尽的报告。 ◇assure (v.) 确保；保险 I assure you they'll be perfectly safe with us. 我向你保证, 他们和我们在一起十分安全。 She was able to assure herself that nothing had been taken from her purse. 她确信钱包里什么东西都没被拿走。 ◇cease (v.) 停止; 中止: The officer ordered his men to cease fire, ie stop shooting. 长官命令士兵停火（停止射击）。 That department has ceased to exist. 那部门已不复存在。 The factory has ceased making bicycles. 那工厂已停止生产自行车了。 ◇compile (v.) 编制, 编写（书﹑报告等）: The police have compiled a list of suspects. 警方已编制了涉嫌者名单。 ◇differentiate (v.) 辨别; 区分；区别对待 Can you differentiate between the two varieties? 你能辨别这两个品种吗? It is wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background. 根据出身不同而区别待人是不对的。 ◇consent (n.) 同意; 允许: Her parents refused their consent to the marriage. 她的父母不答应这门婚事。He gave his consent for the project to get under way. 他同意将这个计划付诸实施。She was chosen as leader by common consent. 她是经一致同意而当选为领导人的。 ◇contrast (n.) 对比; 相比: His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. 他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。 She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well. 她考试差点不及格, 而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。 ◇commodity (n.) 商品; （尤指）日用品: household commodities, eg pots and pans, cleaning materials, etc 家庭日用品 ◇core (n.) 核心； Let's get to the core of the argument. 咱们进入实质性的辩论吧。 This concept is at the very core of her theory. 这个概念是她的理论的核心。English is a subject on the core curriculum. 英语是一门基础课程。 ◇criteria (n.) criterion （评判的）标准, 尺度: Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life. 能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。 What are the criteria for deciding who gets the prize? 评定获奖者以什么作标准? ◇crucial (a.) 至关重要的; 决定性的: Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company. 签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要。 ◇comprehensive (a.) 全面的；综合的。 comprehensive school 综合学校 She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科。 ◇crush (v. & n.) 压坏, 挤伤；捣碎某物；镇压; 喜爱 Don't crush the box; it has flowers in it. 别把盒子压破了, 里面有花。 Huge hammers crush (up) the rocks. 用大锤把岩石砸成了碎块。 You can't crush twenty people into such a tiny room. 不能让二十个人挤进这样一个狭小的房间里。 The postman tried to crush the packet through the letter-box. 邮递员使劲把邮件塞
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 第二节：概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground. （原创范文，仅供参考） One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4) 【范文点拨】 (一)要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
2017年高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲
2017年高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲 考核目标与要求 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右。 二、语言运用 1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白
I.关于考试要求的说明 一、语言知识 要求考生了解和掌握《普通高中英语课程标准（实验〉》附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。 二、语言运用 1.听力 听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义
任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。 （2）获取事实性的具体信息 为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。 （3）对所听内容作出简单推断 话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话语含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口
语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。 （4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度 一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或是表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。 2.阅读理解 阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字
浙江高考英语新题型分析 1、听力回归，和笔试一起考，题型和分值均不变。 2、阅读题量减少到10道，但是阅读和完形填空的分值上升，巩固了这两个传统难题的地位。阅读从2分一道增加为2.5分一道；完形填空从1分一道增加为1.5分一道；同时阅读部分增加7选5题型，对浙江的高中生来说是一个新题型。 3、单选题取消，改错题取消，增加“语法填空”，以前不会的语法题还可以在四个选项中去猜，以后只能凭借硬功夫去填，“语感”也帮不了你了！ 4、写作分为两部分：小作文15分，为议论文，80个单词；大作文有两个类型，短文续写或者文章摘要，占25分；这两类作文形式对于浙江考生来说，都是十分新颖的，平时学校中也缺乏相应的训练，对于同学们来说会有较大的难度。 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节短对话（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where is Linda now? A. In the woman’s office B. In the classroom. C. In the library 2. What would the man like to do? A. To visit his parents. B. To drive to the countryside. C. To travel to another country. 3. What is the man going to do? A. Talk to more students. B. Collect more information C. Work on a research paper. 4. Where can the man get the tickets？ A. From the club. B. From Susan. C. From Tom. 5. What does the woman mean? A. She is warm enough. B. She has to study in. C. She likes the idea. 第二节长对话或独白（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅览室读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Police officers. B. Manager and clerk. C. Shop assistant and customer. 7. What are the speakers going to do? A. Open a store. B. Make a plan. C. Have a meeting. 听第7段材料，回答第8-10题 8. What’s the woman’s problem? A. She missed the wake up call. B. Her room service is out of order. C. She is unable to get her breakfast in time. 9. Who is going to deal with the problem? A. The hotel manager B. A room attendant. C. The woman herself. 10. How does the woman feel about the service?
自从2003年开始试行《高中英语课程标准》（实验），我国英语教学的重心从原来知识技能转变为综合语言运用能力，高考的侧重点也随之逐渐作出调整。十几年来，高考英语试卷基本由听力、阅读理解、语言知识运用和写作四部分组成。2014年，全国卷取消了单选题，把语言知识与语篇、语用更加紧密结合在一起，明显突出综合语言运用能力。 《高中英语课程标准》（实验）明确提出：“综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。”显然，高考也应检查考生这五方面内容的整合发展水平，评价他们的综合语言运用能力。 在试卷上表现为：1）理解英语口语的能力；2）理解书面语言的能力；3）词汇、语法和语用知识运用能力；4）书面表达能力。 前两大题不是简单检查考生的听力和阅读能力，而是检查他们在听取和读取信息过程中，抓住主旨要义、掌握具体细节、推断意义以及判断意图、观点和态度等获取和处理信息的能力。 后两部分也不是单一考查语言知识和写的能力，而是检查他们在补全和表达信息过程中正确、连贯加工和传递信息的能力。 要有效获取、处理、加工、传递信息，一个考生不但要掌握语言知识、语言技能，还需要有很强的跨文化意识，以及正确的学习策略和情感态度。 所以，我们可以从高考试卷考查的内容分析反映综合语言能力的五个层次：第一层：获取主旨和细节、推断语篇的深层意义以及正确、连贯表达； 第二层：理解英语口语、理解英语的书面语、语言知识运用和书面表达； 第三层：获取、处理、加工和传递信息； 第四层：语言知识、语言技能、文化意识、情感态度和学习策略； 第五层：综合语言语言能力。 但是一份高考试卷呈现的是第二层能力，在每年考纲中会解读到第一层能力，即试卷直接要考查的能力。 假如老师没有结合《高中英语课程标准》，很容易误解为高考检查的就是听力、阅读、语法填空、书面表达（第二层）。 在训练中，至多在具体技能或技巧上下功夫（第一层）。教师手头上的课程标准、教材和高考试卷这三大件，剩下教材和试卷，甚至只是试卷。以考代教，用劣质的模拟卷取代教材，大量地重复、机械做题，拼的是高考。结果是高分低能，学生学了十来年英语，却无法正确、连贯表达一个完整的意思。 如何处理好课程标准、教材和高考三者间的关系？ 要真正培养“综合语言语言能力”，出高分高能成绩，教师必须处理好课程 标准、教材和高考三者的关系，就课堂教学来说，也就是要处理好“教学目的”“教学活动”和“考试评价”的关系。 应试教育背景下的课堂教学是以考试取代教学目标的“考试﹢教学”二元 模式，教学内容局限在考试表层范围，教学方式围绕在答题技巧上，这样的教 学模式永远培养不了综合语言语言能力。
2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解 1.acquisition n.①the act of getting sth, especially knowledge, a skill获得，得到 second language acquisition. ②something that sb buys to add what they already own, usually sth valuable His latest acquisition is a racehouse. 2.airmail n. 航空邮递 3.altitude n. the height above sea level 海拔；海拔高度at high altitude 4.amateur n. a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment , not as a job. 业余爱好者；业余运动员The tournament is open to both amateures and professions. adj. 业余爱好的amateur athletics 5.appendix n.书或文件的附录 6.assure v.使确信；向…保证You think I did deliberately , but I assure you that I did not. 7.awake adj.醒着to be half/fully awake/ keep…awake v. 醒来/ 唤起；被唤起/察觉到；意识到；醒悟到 It took her some time to awake to the danger of her situation. 8.booklet n.小册子 9.bounce v.①使弹起，弹跳；反射The ball bounced twice before he could reach it. Short sound waves bounce off even small objects. ②to jump up and down. She bounced up and down excitedly on the bed. be bouncing off the walls精力充沛待不住；激动的难以平静 10.buffet n.自助餐；快餐部 11.caption n. words that are printed underneath a picture, cartoon that explain or describe it. 说明文字/字幕 12.client n. ①委托人；当事人；客户②连接在服务器上的客户机 13.collapse v. ①建筑物突然倒塌，坍塌The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. ②病人尤指因病重而倒下，昏倒，晕倒He collapsed in the street and died two hours later. ③to fail suddenly or completely 突然失败；崩溃；瓦解= break down . Talks between management and unions have collapsed. https://www.doczj.com/doc/526244634.html,plicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的The instructions look very complicated. 15.considerable adj. great in amount ,size, importance 相当多、大、重要等 The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money. 16.crack v. ①因压力吃不消，崩溃，瓦解Things are terrible at work and people are cracking under the strain. ②找到解决难题等的方法to crack the enemy’s code/a hard/tough nut to crack ③crack down on 竭力取缔；严厉打击；镇压 Police are cracking down on drug dealers. get cracking 立即大干起来 not all, everything sb’s cracked up to be 不像人们说的那么好 crack on with sth 为尽快完成而努力干；急速经过，穿过；快速继续下去 crack up 因压力造成身体或精神垮掉，崩溃 crack sb up 使大笑起来 17.crisis n.危机；危急关头financial crisis 复数：crises 18.damp adi.潮湿的；微湿的；湿气重的 a damp squib 令人失望的事；令人扫兴的事 n. 潮湿；潮气；湿气；湿块 19.define v. ①解释；给…下定义The term “mental illness” is hard to define. ②阐明；明确；界定It’s difficult to define what makes him so popular. The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long it took to complete.
高考英语写作指导 一、应用文写作 评分标准总分15分，按5个档次给分。 1.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。（先锁定档次，再具体给分） 2.词数少于60词和多余100的，从总分减去2分。 3.评分时，应注意的主要内容：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 4.拼写和标点符号（切忌逗号不能连接两个完整的句子，要么用分号，要么用连词）是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 5.如书写较差，以致影响评阅，将分数降低一个档次。（注意保证书面整洁，不要有太多乱涂乱画的痕迹。） 档次描述 第五档（13-15分）完全覆盖了试题规定的任务；覆盖所有要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档（10-12分）完全完成了试题规定的任务；虽漏掉了1-2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，有些许错误主要因尝试使用较复杂语法结构或词汇所致；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档（7-9分）基本完成了试题规定的任务；虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解；全文内容连贯，整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。 写作步骤 （1）仔细审题，明确写作要求。那审题需要审什么？一审文体要求。了解题目要求写作的文体是应用文之书信、通知，演讲稿等。熟悉文体后即可确定全篇的写作格式与写作风格及段落结构之间的逻辑关系等。二审人称与时态。浏览题干要求后明确全文写作时态和人称，行文中做到两条主线贯穿始终：上下文人称统一，时态前后照应。三审要点。审题时弄清文章要点，各要点之间有什么联系。 （2）简单列出提纲，构建写作框架。根据文章要求，简单地想一想文章怎么构建，一些要点应该怎么表达，如句型、句式、词汇等。 （3）胸中有话，动手开篇成文。成文过程中设想一下平时学过的比较高级词汇和句型，如定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等。对于句型和词汇，有把握就用起来，没把握为了保险期间可以选择不用。 （4）细心通读，反复核查。要点是否遗漏、句子之间的衔接和过渡是否自然（多用连词，但是要明确句子间的关系，不要出现误用）语言是否得体，有无语法、拼写、表达错误。不要写几个词，点一下，切忌，在英文中一点就代表一个句号，这样会影响书面整洁。 二、读后续写
英语考试说明（2018） 本考试说明是以《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》（以下简称《英语课程标准》）为依据，结合我市初中英语教学的实际情况而制定的。说明旨在使英语学科学业考试科学全面地考查学生在经过初中阶段学习后所具有的真实语言水平，以便进一步促进初中英语教学质量的提高。 一、命题原则 1. 命题应严格遵循《英语课程标准》所规定的九年级结束时应达到的五级目标的基本要求来确定考查内容与标准。 2. 命题应充分体现学生在评价中的主体地位。试题的命制要以学生为中心，切实体现素质教育面向全体的要求。命题立足基础，难易适中，充分考虑到各个层面学生的水平状况。同时所选用的语言素材应尽量贴近学生生活，尽可能避免生僻的词汇，不出繁、偏、旧及过难的试题。 3. 命题应以考查学生能力为目标。注重考查学生综合语言环境的设置，全面考查学生的听、说、读、写四项基本技能，控制纯知识性测试题和单一语法测试题。 4. 命题应坚持科学性和指导性原则。试题结构、选材、题目表述、问题设置等应尽量做到科学、合理、规范。正确发挥评价对初中英语教学的导向作用，命题应努力做到有利于激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，有利于帮助学生建立学习英语的成就感和自信心，有利于引导教师改进教学和学生学会学习，有利于综合评价学生的英语学习状况。 二、考试范围 要求考生能掌握初中阶段所学的语法知识(见附录)；学会使用1500～1600个单词和200～300个习惯用语或固定搭配；能够围绕《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》五级所列话题，恰当理解与运用相关的语言表达形式；能够在所给情景中恰当理解和运用《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》五级所列功能意念的语言表达形式。 三、考试内容及要求 （一）听力 1.考查学生理解和获取信息的能力，以及对信息进行判断、归纳、综合的能力。考生应能： (1)根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； (2)听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并从中提取信息和观点； (3)借助语境克服生词障碍，理解大意； (4)听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述，理解故事的因果关系； (5)针对所听对话或语段的内容，记录简单信息。 2.阅读 考查学生能够理解常见体裁的真实语言材料(生词率不超过3%)和获取信息、处理信息的能力，阅读速度为每分钟50～70词。考生应能： (1)找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； (2)根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； (3)根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；