Unit 1
1. Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed person--not only changed, but changed for the better.
The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.
2. He came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist.
A t last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.
3. The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.
The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.
4. In the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.
Eventually, if you f orm a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.
5. ... you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future.
…you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.
6. ''My, my,'' said the Old Man slyly. ''If only we had come down ten seconds sooner, we'd have caught that cab, wouldn't we?''
The Old Man said to me tr ickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I’ll run faster”.
Unit 2
1. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh. Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovah’s order to Pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”.
2. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.
Delay leads to problems. However, in many cases, it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist.
3. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.
He points out that hastiness may give rise to decision which turn out to be humiliating or expensive.
4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.
Excessive red-tape(官样文章；繁文缛节) developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated. In this sense, red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in enormous amount of paperwork and judgment, thus making it impossible for an immature decision to result.
5. ...many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.
…many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.
Unit 3
1. Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving; but I suspect---I more than suspect, I am convinced---that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.
Brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his objection to it, I would assume, indeed I should say I am pretty sure, is not a result of his strong dislike of the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money.
2. If a building's design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.
If a building was made to look sturdy/invulnerable, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money.
3. In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control.
P eople in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder.
4.The principal function of today's wall is to separate possible undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.
Today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect the desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything unwelcome outside.
5. To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls.
Again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of a wall is not the advancement of science and technology, but our ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.
Unit 4
1. He was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.
He was a man rich in whimsies, and intolerant of any act bold enough as to challenge his authority. When his mind caught upon something, absurd as it might be, he would do everything to make sure that it was done in the way he wished.
2. When every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genial still, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places.
When all his subjects behaved in such a manner as they were told to, he could be gentle and kind. And he could even be more so, if anything not conforming to what he expected should occur, because that offered a great chance for him to see the undesirable removed, a thing he was most delighted in doing.
3. He could open either door he pleased: he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.
He enjoyed total freedom to choose what to do: he was not directed or influenced by anyone as to which door to open. The only thing that was decisive in terms of his fate was the above-mentioned chance, granted to all the accused alike.
4. This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained.
The fact that no one could tell for sure what might happen (to the accused) made this from of trial more attractive than any other form of justice.
5. Thus the masses were entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this plan; for did not the accused person have the whole matter in his own hands?
Thus people enjoyed coming here to watch, and those guided by reason in the society could not possibly question the fairness of this form of trial; for was it not the fact that all the accused were given equal chances to make decisions upon their won destiny?
Unit5
1. This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own.
This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as exuberant as the wildest of his notions, a daughter who possessed a nature as fierce and tyrannical as his own.
2. Of course, everybody knew that the deed with which the accused was charged had been done.
It was, of course, known to all that he was guilty of the offense of conducting an affair with the princess.
3. ...; but the king would not think of allowing any fact of this kind to interfere with the workings of the tribunal, in which he took such great delight and satisfaction.
…,even though the ki ng was well aware that the love affair had taken place, he would still refuse to let the normal method of deciding guilt or innocence be disturbed, because he was extremely enthusiastic about his way of setting matters of this kind.
4. ...; but gold, and the power of a woman's will, had brought the secret to the princess.
.…; but because she had the money, and above all, because her determination was so irresistible, the princess was able to get access to the secret.
5. He understood her nature, and his soul was assured that she would never rest until she had made plain to herself this thing, hidden to all other lookers-on, even to the king.
He knew her so well that he was perfectly positive that she would never cease to search for the secret, which remained unknown to all other spectators, even to the king himself.
Unit 6
1. There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they need
a varied, exciting life in order to do their best.
It is generally believed that a colorless life can freeze a creative mind, and that only a colorful life can inspire a man to creative work.
2. The outstanding characteristic of man's creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.
One of the wonders human creativity works is that man can make full use of even insignificant feelings to produce far-reaching results.
3. An eventful life exhausts rather than stimulates.
A life full of diversions stops man’s creativity instead of activating it.
4. It is usually the mediocre poets, writers, etc.,who go in search of stimulating events to release their creative flow.
Only literary artists of an average type rely on excitements in life as a source for their creative work./ Great poets, writers, etc., create works of art out of trivial and common subject.
5. People who find dull job unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure.
People who are unable to see how to be patient with repetitious work are usually those who are unable to see where to find fun in life when it comes to relaxation.
新编英语教程第五册课后练习题答案 Answers to the exercises in Unit 1 II. Paraphrase 1.A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately. 2. To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings. 3. Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when such a word is located. 4. Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand our subject matter. III. Translate 1.After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point. 2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project. 3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention. 4. His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems. 5. The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet. 6. It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise. 7. Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely. 8. Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet. Language Work III. 1. clumsy-unskillful 2. deft-skilful 3. loose-vague 4. subtle-tricky 5. precise-accurate 6. shift-alteration 7. vague-ambiguous 8. scrupulous-conscientious 9. ignorance-want of knowledge 10. disadvantages-drawbacks 11. cultivating-developing 12. mistaken-erroneous 13.unimportant-trivial 14. dark-dim 15. flexible-adaptable 16. fine-subtle 17. sentimental-emotional 18. essence-quintessence 19. coercion-compulsion 20. fascinating-absorbing
Unit 1 To the Student’s Book TEXT 1 Pre-Reading Questions √ 1. The writer describes what his first job was like. __ 2. The writer wanted to have a job because he wanted some experience. √ 3. The writer found his first job unpleasant __ 4. The writer enjoyed his first job 2.The Main Idea(P4) (3)The writer was interviewed by the headmaster of a school and was offered a job which was none too pleasant. 3.Vocabulary(P5) A. Guessing the meanings of words: 1. f 2. h 3. c 4. b 5. g 6. e 7. d 8. a B. Looking up words in a dictionary: 1. inconvenient and uncomfortable 2. sad; low in spirits 3. gloomy; cheerless 4. make a short, deep, rough sound (like a pig), showing dissatisfaction 5. very necessary 6. shock deeply; fill with fear 7. timidly 8. greatest; extreme 4.Questions(P7) 1. What are big staring sash-windows? Reference Answer: They are very large windows, so large that they look like people’s wide open eyes. What is the implied meaning of ―they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road’? Reference Answer: They (the four evergreen shrubs) did their best to remain alive in spite of the dust and smoke from a main road with heavy traffic. Describe the appearance of the headmaster in your own words. Reference Answer: He was short and stout. He grew a moustache which was pale reddish yellow. His forehead was covered with freckles. What impression did the hall give the writer? Reference Answer: It was a narrow, dim (unlighted) hall which had an offensive odor of dried up cabbage. The walls, once painted in cream color, had darkened to the color of margarine and in a few places were marked with ink stains. Silence prevailed in the hall. 5. Why do you think the headmaster had ―bloodshot eyes? Reference Answer: Perhaps he liked to have a drop too much. What kind of class was the writer asked to teach? Reference Answer: It was a class of 24 boys who were from seven to thirteen years.
UNIT 2 一. Translation 1. Do you know which team won the football match? I have no idea. You may ask XiaoLi, he is a member of the team.\ He is on the team. 2. It is not suitable (proper) to regard this film either as totally good or completely bad. 3. I wonder if I should tell my parents that I failed in the examination. 4. Of course, he behaved dreadfully, but after all, he is only six years old. 5. The moment he saw his boss, he trembled as if he had seen a ghost. 6. I don’t think we can afford the house, even if we save every penny we have. The other day: the past time\a few days ago Take````seriously```: take````important``` Withered: become dry and then to die Clumsy: movement is not quick, stupid One of there days: in the near future Unique: specially, only one
1 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了The whole plan fell through for want of fund. 2 牛顿被公认为是世界最杰出的科学家之一。Newton is actnowledged as one of the world;s most eminent scientists. 3 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误He calcuates the cost of production with invariable accuracy 4 公司发言人的不负责任的讲话受到了严厉的指责The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words. 5 这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币The young clerk from the commercial bank soitted thecorinterfeit ten-pound note. 6 这个精干的经理立刻行动起来The efficient manager acted promptly 7 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字Pleasure replace her name for yours on the waiting list 8 她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历Shen found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience 9 不要感叹过去得不幸，振作起来行前看Don't lament your past misfortunes., keep your shin up and look to the future 1 富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. 2.谁能证实这签名无讹Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature? 3. 人们给它起了小家伙的绰号。。。He is dubbed “Tiny” because he looks so small for his age. 4.他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice. 5. 他的一番话引起了我们的不满His words incurred our displeasure. 6. 要我们在这么短的时间内完成这一项工作几乎是不可能的It is virtually
Reference for Unit 6 workbook exercises Blank Filling A. 1.changed, promising https://www.doczj.com/doc/64667287.html,ing, qualified 3.determined 4.spoken, leading, surprising 5.frightening 6.demanding 7.pleased, soiled https://www.doczj.com/doc/64667287.html,plicated 9.interested, exciting, soaked 10.tiring, tired B. 1.giving 2.Fascinated, rising / rise 3.singing, to do, making
4.keeping, playing, to be, to see, climbing 5.opening 6.to take, shopping, doing, to do 7.to have remembered, to tell, preparing, to do 8.to watch, to read, reading, watching 9.missing, to tell 10.to be taken 11.swimming, cleaning, to do 12.waiting, seeing, missing, to find, to be C. 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.on 5.read 6.across 7.about / for 8.in 9.until / till 10.opinion 11.by 12.keep 13.excellent 14.time 15.pleasure 16.from 17.yourself 18.in 19.filled 20.trains
新编英语教程5册Unit1的答案
Comprehension I. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the article. A. To be able to use the right word is an important component of one’s mastery of the English language. B. To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s communication with others, one must be able to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language. C. It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use of a relatively small number of words than to know vaguely a larger number. II. Determine which is the best choice for each of the following questions. 1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph mea ns . A. English of a dignified style B. English free from swear words C. English which is precise and clear 2.The word “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of the process of realization…” means . A. articulating sounds B. fulfilling one’s goals C. becoming aware of what one thinks and feels
1. 我能认出这块表是我的，因为表的背面有划痕。 I can identify this watch as mine by the scratches on the back. 2. 他嗜巧克力如命，吃的停不下来。 He was so addicted to chocolate that he couldn't stop taking it. 3. 史密斯先生从教学岗位上退休下来以后，开始从事摄影这一兴趣爱好。 Mr. Smith took up photography as a hobby after he retired from teaching. 4. 相比较起来，这幢房子的优点是价格低，而那幢房子的优点是交通便利。 By comparison, this house has the advantage of low price, but that house has the advantage of convenient transportation. 5. 他似乎正在使出全身解数，试图提高这一新产品的销售额。 It seems that he is making every effort to promote the sale of this new product. 6. 热切的学生们纷纷挤进了讲堂，聆听来自剑桥大学的那位著名教授讲课。 The eager students crowded into the lecture hall to hear the famous professor from Cambridge University. 7. 他们责怪他向队友发出的信号混乱不清。 They blamed him for sending confusing signals to the teammates. 8. 我们的产品仍然远远领先于我们竞争对手的产品。 Our product still has a good lead over that of our competitor. 1. 我不知道他如何能靠自己的薪水买得起一套新房子。 I wonder how he can afford a new flat on his salary. 2. 要管理好一所学校，校长起着很重要的作用。 The headmaster plays an important role in the effective administration of a
第1单元避免两词铭记两词 在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。 他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。 当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人？” 我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。带着一丝忧伤的自豪。我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。 我讲完后，他取下眼镜说：“到我的办公室去。” “到你的办公室？你忘了带什么了吗？” 他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。” 外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切：放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。 老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说：“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听，看你是否能找出双字词的短语，这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑道：“不要这么困扰，我有我的目的。” 对我来说，录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人，他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败，他指责自己没有辛勤工作，也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人，她还没有结婚，因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思，她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲，她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦，她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机，侧身坐到椅子上：“在这些录音中，有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗？没有？噢，这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。” 我向下一看，那里有两个清晰的红色的印字：如果。 “你受惊了吗？”老人说：“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗？他们总是对我说：如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。（如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点，或更无私点，或更自控点。）直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说（如果你停止说如果，我们就已取得进展了。）” 老人伸出双脚，说：“问题是，‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进，那样只是在浪费时间。最后，要是你让它成为一个习惯，它就会变成真的障碍，变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。” “现在回到你的情况：你的计划没成功，为什么？因为你犯了某种错误。唔，这个没关系，毕竟错误谁都会犯，我们也从中学到东西。但是，当你告诉我那些东西时却悔恨这个，
Unit 1 Language Structures Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence involving the moral auxiliary have to . The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in. 2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object . She isn’t paid anything for overtime. 3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb . I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap. 4. from by the They say/It is said …patterns . They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded. Language Points: scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出 . 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 4)His pen scratched away on the paper. 5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划 6)She has scratched because of a knee injury. 2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小 has been turned down for ten jobs so far. 2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. 3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。 3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起 . She looks down on people who haven’t been to college. look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人 (not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好 . You’re not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.
新编英语教程6 课文翻译 第1单元避免两词铭记两词 在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友(我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人)的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。 他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。 当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人,” 我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。带着一丝忧伤的自豪。我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。我讲完后，他取下眼镜说:“到我的办公室去。” “到你的办公室,你忘了带什么了吗,” 他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。”
外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切:放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说:“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听，看你是否能找出双字词的短语，这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑 道:“不要这么困扰，我有我的目的。” 对我来说，录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人，他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败，他指责自己没有辛勤工作，也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人，她还没有结婚，因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思，她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲，她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦，她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机，侧身坐到椅子上:“在这些录音中，有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗,没有,噢，这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。” 我向下一看，那里有两个清晰的红色的印字:如果。 “你受惊了吗,”老人说:“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗,他们总是对我说:如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。(如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点，或更无私点，或更自控点。)直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说(如果你停止说如果，我们就已取得进展了。)” 老人伸出双脚，说:“问题是，‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进，那样只是在浪费时间。最后，要是你让它成为一个习惯，它就会变成真的障碍，变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。”
Unit 1 恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道： 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异（singularity）” 的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一，即抱定一个信念永不改变，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪，特性，是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用，这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话： 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment” 暗示着强迫，威逼，这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结（summed up ）”就要好些。“概括（epitomized）”也行，尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”，那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质（essence）的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为： 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。
A NEW ENGLISH COURSE Book I Unit 4 (10 periods) Unit 4 1．教学基本要求 （1）掌握Dialogue （2）理解Text I ; 了解Text II 2．教学具体内容 Language structures: (1) It may/might be… (2) He should/ought to… (3) I would rather … (4) He must be…//He can’t be… Dialogue: A Trip to China Role-play: Talking About Eating Habits Reading I: Human Needs Reading II: Bread Guided Writing: Connectives and Attitude Words Note of Declining an Invitation Interaction Activities: Guess Which and Who 重点: Dialogue: A Trip to China Reading I: Human Needs 难点: Guided Writing: Connectives and Attitude Words Note of Declining an Invitation 3. Teaching aims and requirements: 1. Doing Oral Work 2. Practicing the grammar points in this unit 3. Learning and memorizing the new words and phrases in this unit 4. Reading Text I intensively 5. Reading Text II extensively
Paraphrase Unit1.1 A writer who pay great attention to expressing the exact English will never be satisfied with a word which can not express an idea accurately. U1.2 For the reader can easily understand what kind of feelings and thoughts we want to convey, we need to be careful to choose the words we used in article. U1.3Finding the most suitable word is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight and excitement we shall experience when we pick up such a word. U1.4 If we can use language accurately we are in a position to totally understand the subject matter. U2.1 The result is, the sea, the cradle of many civilizations, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to
Unit Four 看不到的贫穷/穷人 在美国，数以百万计的穷人日趋隐形。虽然他们的群体是如此的庞大，但是要看到他们非得有足够的智慧和意志不可。 我是亲自通过一种奇特的方式发现这一点的。在我完成第一篇有关美国贫困的文章后，所有的统计数字就都跃然纸上了。令我感到满足的是，我总算证明出在这个国家有大约50,000,000穷人。但是我意识到我并不相信自己得出的数字。穷人存在于政府的报告中，仅仅是一系列长长的而且紧紧相连的栏目中的数字和百分比，并未溶入我的经历。我能够证明另一个美国的存在，但却从未去过那里。 有些长期造成的原因使另一个美国成为一个看不到的国度。 贫穷常常产生在人迹罕至的地方。而且总是如此。普通游客从来不会离开主干道，而现在他往来于洲际高速公路。他不去宾夕法尼亚的山谷，那里的市镇宛如电影里的三四十年代威尔士的场景。他没有看到一排排的工厂住房和布满车辙的马路（无论是住在城市、乡镇或农场，穷人的路都不好走），所有的东西都黑乎乎脏兮兮的。即使游客碰巧经过这些地方，他也不会见到酒吧里的失业男人和彻头彻尾的血汗工厂里收工回家的妇女。 其次，美景和神话是贫穷永久的面具。旅游者在宜人的季节来到阿巴拉契亚山。他看到了山川，溪流，树叶——但没有贫穷。或者也许他看着一栋破败的山居，更多联想到的是卢梭而不是用他的眼睛进行仔细观察，于是他断定“那些人”真的很幸运，能够按照自己的方式生活，能够幸运地免除中产阶级的紧张和压力。他们唯一的问题是“那些人”，那些山中奇特的居民，没有受过良好的教育，生活水平低下，缺乏医疗保障，正处在被迫离开土地涌入城市讨生活的过程，而在城市里他们无所适从。 这些都是造成贫穷隐形的正常而且显而易见的原因。这些原因几十年前就起作用，此后几十年将继续起作用。更为重要的是要知道随着美国社会的发展，一种新型式的对贫穷的忽视正在出现。穷人正在逐渐从人们的经历和意识中淡出。 如果说中产阶级从来就不喜欢丑陋和贫穷，至少他们以前知道有这么回事儿。“在贫民区”并不是很远的一段路。圣诞节时他们会涉足贫民窟，也有慈善机构与穷人保持联系。只要到商业区工作或娱乐，几乎每个人都时不时经过黑人聚居区或廉价公寓区。 现在美国的城市被改造了，穷人们依然居住在市中心极差的住宅群里，但是他们逐步与外界孤立，无法进入任何人的视线。中产阶级妇女难得进城在剧院里消磨一个晚上，途中可能会瞥见另一个美国，但他们的孩子被隔离在郊外的学校里。商人或职员们可能驾车或搭公车经过贫民窟的边缘，但这对他们来说并不算是一个很重要的经历。那些一败涂地的，无一技之长的，伤残的，年老的以及少数民族（弱势群体）就在那里，他们一直以来就住的贫民窟里。但是除此之外，那里没有任何其他人。 总而言之，美国城市的发展把贫穷状况从人们的生活当中消除，从成百上千美国中产阶级的情感体验中消除。幽居在郊区，人们很容易想象，我们的社会确实是富足的。 更糟的是，这种对贫穷的新的隔离混合着一种善意的无知。很多富有同情心的美国人都清楚有许多关于城市改建的讨论。当他们驾车经过市区时，突然注意到一个熟悉的贫民窟被推倒，曾经是廉价公寓和简易房子的地方屹立起现代化的高楼大厦，一种温暖的满足感油然而生。他们为问题的解决感到由衷欣慰：很显然，穷人受到很好的关照。 具有讽刺意味的是：事实跟这种印象恰恰截然相反。美国战后各种各样的住房项目所造成的总的影响是把越来越多的人塞进现有的贫民窟中……。着装也使穷人们趋于隐形。美国的穷人是全世界穿得最好的穷人。由于多种原因，大规模生产带来的好处在这一领域比其它领域分布得更平均。在美国，一个人轻而易举就可以穿着体面，但说到体面的居住环境，良好的饮食和医疗条件就是不那么容易了。即使收入来源十分窘迫的人也能穿的有模有样，看