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英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解

英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解
英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解

英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解

一.主语:

主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

1.名词作主语。

A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下横在)

Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)

2.代词用作主语。

You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。

He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑)

3.数词用作主语。

Three is enough. 三个就够了。

Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。

4.名词化的形容词用作主语。

The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。

Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。

5.副词用作主语。

Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。

6.名词化的介词作主语。

The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.

7.不定式用作主语。

To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。

It would be nice to see him again.

8.动名词用作主语。

Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work.

9.名词化的过去分词用作主语。

The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age.

10.介词短语用作主语。

To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 11.从句用作主语。

Whenever you are ready will be fine.

Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.

12.句子用作主语。

"How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。

二.谓语

谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。

谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。

1.由简单的动词构成。

(1). What happened? 发生了什么事?

(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。

(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。

2.由动词短语构成的谓语。

(1). I am reading. 我在看书。

(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?

(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。

3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。

这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如:

(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水

(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个!(

(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。

(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。

三.表语

表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,真正起谓语作用的则是表语。

可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。

1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词)

2.So that’s that. 就是这样。(代词)

3.We are seven. 我们一共7人。(数词)

4.Are you busy? 你有空吗?(形容词)

5.Are you there? 你在听吗?(电话用语)(副词)

Is anybody in? 里面有人吗?(副词)

6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)

My answer to his threat(威胁)was to hit him on the nose. (不定式)7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺)is lying. 恭维就是说谎。(动名词)

Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?(动名词)

8.I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。(过分)

I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。(过分)

9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介词短语)

The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。(介词短语)

10.Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?(从句)

11.This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。(从句)

补充:

能做系动词的实义动词:

come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)

fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感观动词)seem, appear (似乎,好像)

1.Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。(Come后常加easy ,loose natural 等)

2. He fell sick. 他病了。Keep fit.保重。

keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool,well,warm ,silent,clean,dry 3.The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。(short , loose , wild , cold 等)

4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.

四.宾语

宾语(object)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如:Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。

可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。

1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?(名词)

2.They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。(代词)

3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。(数词)。

4.I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。(名词化形容词)

5.He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。(副词)

6.Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗?(不定式)

7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的). (名词化的分词)

8.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?(从句)

扩展:双宾语问题

宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。

直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人)。

具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb)。间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前。

常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。

如:Give me a cup of tea, please. I bought him a birthday present.

I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。

双宾语可以由介词to或for表达:

Please give it to him. Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.

五.补语

补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement).

(1). 形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。

Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.

有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。如:

The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t liste n to their pleadings.

(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等

1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)

2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. (名词短语作宾语补语)

3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)

3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)

4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. (不定式用作宾语补语)

5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补

6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。

六.定语

定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。

1.形容词用作定语是大量的。

(1). She is a natural musician. (2). He must be the best violinist alive.(后置定语)

2. 名词用作定语。

(1). A baby girl 女婴(2). well water 井水

(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车

2.代词作定语。

(1). Your hair needs cutting. (物主代词用作定语)

(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. (不定代词所有格作定语)

3.数词作定语

(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。

(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance.

基数词用作后置定语:page 24 , Room 201 , the year 1949

4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如:

the room above 楼上的房间the world today 今日世界

the way out 出路 a day off 休息日

5.不定式用作定语

(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。

(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。

6.动名词用作定语.

A walking stick 拐杖sleeping pills 安眠药

eating implements 吃饭用具learning method 学习方法

7.分词充当定语

a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者

a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花

7.介词短语用作定语。

(1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。

(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.

8.从句用作定语,即定语从句

The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。

Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.

七.同位语

当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。

1.名词用作同位语是大量的。

(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.

(2).We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful country.

2.代词用作同位语。

(1).They all wanted to see him. (2).Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver.

3.数词用作同位语。

(1).Are you two ready? (2).They two went, we three stayed behind.

4.不定式与动名词用作同位语。

(1).Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.

(2).The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.

5.Of 短语用作同位语

The city of Rome 罗马城the art of writing 写作艺术The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好6.从句用同位语,即同位语从句

(1).The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

(2).We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

八.状语

状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。。如:

1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。

2.作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。

副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。

He speaks the language badly but read it well.

Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.

3.按用途分时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等(1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中

Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? Now China leads the world.

(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。

There are plenty of fish in the sea. She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).

(3).原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。

Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them.

(4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。

She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.

She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.

(5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。

He ran for shelter(隐蔽处). In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.

(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。

We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.

If he were to come, what should we say to him?

(7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。

For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. He helped me although he didn’t know me. (8). 程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。

The lecture is very interesting. To what extent would you trust them? 程度(9).伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。

My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.

He stood there pipe(烟斗) in mouth.

英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语

英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语语法是理解英语逻辑的核心。语法不好的同学,处理简单句尚可;遇到复杂句型时,就晕头转向了。所以,要彻底读懂英语,必须在语法上下苦功夫。今天,我们彻底解析一下这些句子成分。(下图为:一个复合句中,所有的句子成分。) 1 第一:英语中的“主语” 1. 主语的含义: 主语即“动作的发出者”(主谓宾结构中)或者“表述的对象”(主系表结构中),一般放在句首,有时也放在中间或者句尾。充当主语的可以是名词、代词;也可以是短语、不定式;甚至可以是整个句子。所以,在找主语的时候,脑子里一定要有这些认知。 2. 充当主语的有哪些? (1)名词/代词/数词做主语

(2)不定式/名词化短语做主语 (3)从句做主语(即主语从句) 从句做主语的句子,就是我们学过的“主语从句”。主语从句可以由连词that/whether引导;也可以由关系代词what/who/which引导;还可以由连接副词how/when/why/where引导。 详情如下:

(4)有时为了避免头重脚轻,经常会借助“it”充当形式主语,而真正的主语则放在句尾: (5)“There be …”句型 “there be…”比较特殊。在这种句型中,主语的位置在中间。比如:There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street. 大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。 2

第二:英语中的“谓语” 1. 含义: 谓语是句子的灵魂,主要用来“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出的动作”。 2. 分类:简单谓语复合谓语 (1)简单谓语:由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成谓语; I love my girlfriend. 我爱我的女朋友。 My boss stayed up late last night. 我的老板昨晚熬夜了。 (2)复合谓语: ① 情态动词/助动词+动词构成 ② 系动词+表语构成

主语谓语宾语补语定语状语举例

主语谓语宾语补语定语 状语举例 公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语举例 1.【主语】: 就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者.它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题.如:我看电视.“我”就是这句子的主语. 主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当. ⑴妈妈回来了. ⑵今天是星期天. ⑶大海掀起滚滚的波涛. ⑷小明病了. ⑸燕子飞回来了. 2.【谓语】: 说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样.它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题. 如如:我看电视.“看”就是这句子的谓语. 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动 词构成不同的句子类型.其他例子自己可举一反三. 3.【宾语】 指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.还如上例:我看电视.“电视”就是这句子的宾语. 需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语. 4.【补语】: 补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语

补足语.如:他把我逗笑了.我激动得哭了.“哭了”即为补语. 5.【定语】: 修饰限定名字、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等.如:美丽的村庄静静地睡了.“美丽的”为定语. 6.【状语】: 修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如:他在灯下看书.“在灯下”是状语. 小学语文基础知识点复习归纳总结 (一)关联词 1、关联词语的意义 能够把两个或者两个以上在意义上有密切联系的句子连接起来组成比较复杂的句子的词语,就是关联词语。恰当的使用关联词语,能使我们在说话或者协作时达到较好的表达效果。 2、常见的关联词语类型 并列关系——分句之间是并列的 既……又…… 那么……那么…… 一边……一边…… 有的……有的…… 不是……而是…… 递进关系——后一分句的意思比前一分句的意思更进一层。 不但……而且……

过去分词作定语表语练习题(含答案)

过去分词专题练习 I ?分析下列划线部分的用法(过去分词做定语,表语以及被动) 1. The excited childre n are ope ning their Christmas prese nts. 2. This supermarketis now closed 3. The blackboardwas broken by Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked in terested in the idea I put forward. 6. The mach in eproduced last yea(二 which were produced last year) are very expe nsive. n . Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The ani mal and pla nts that they found there were _________ (ast oni sh) 2. I was _________ (ast oni sh) to lear n that his long lost child had bee n found. 3. The __________ n ews made us ___________ .(disappoi nt) 4. The __________ mother went to visit Ein stei n. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie foundhusband' d s ath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _______ (en courage), the girl was determ ined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a _________ bird (frighten)(惊弓之鸟) 9. The fierce lion looks _________ (frighte n). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very __________ (con fuse). 川.Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book __________________ 一本农民写的书)is very popular. 2. The building ___________ 去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem __________________ 在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve. 4. The window ________________________ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired 5. The children ______________________ 昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. 6. The people ________________ 暴露在阳光下的)got sun bur nt. 7. The boy _________________________ 受至U老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student. 8. The water _________________________ 送到他家的水)carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English _____________ (300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists ________________ 被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa. 11. The students _________________ 受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. IV .基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______ s oldiers. A. wound B. woun ded C. wounding D. being woun ded 2. Lily seems very much ________ in the magazine, but I think it 'tc s expensive. A. i nterested B. i nteresti ng C. to in terest D. to be in terest ing 3. All the passe ngers should remain ______ whe n the pla ne is maki ng a landing.

过去分词作定语和表语

M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容,自学《南方新课堂》,完成预习案 [知识梳理]过去分词作定语和表语 1.过去分词概述:动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式,是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动 和完成的意义。

【合作探究】专题训练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2.The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3.The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4.The electric wire is __________(break). 5.He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6.He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7.The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8.The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9.When we heard of the news,we were deeply ____________(move). 10.They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。 The island,________________________________________________________________, is easy to go to. 2.从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。 The rare fish,___________________________________________,has been returned to the sea. 3.于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。 Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 4.预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。 The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5.在四月份,成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。 In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud. 6.怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。 Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________. 7.我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。

主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点1.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点2.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2. (How many dictionaries do you have) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think(that)he is fit for his office. 考点3.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当,同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 8.I want your homework done on time. 考点4.主补 对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 考点5.定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 在英语中,许多情况下,定语是放在所修饰词后面的,这点与汉语习惯不同,也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况: A.副词用作定语一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. (楼下的那个人)B.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前,而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.(我旁边的那个人)C.介词短语作定语时要后置。 The boy under the tree is Tom.(树下的那个男孩) The tallest boy in our class is John.(我们班最高的那个男孩) D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后 置。 I have something to say. (直译:我有要说的话)

过去分词作定语与表语

概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子: 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语) 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为:不定式(to do)、动词-ing形式(doing)和过去分词(done)。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词:现在分词强调动作,如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作,而且此动作正在进行,与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系(即sleeping的动作是boy做的),因此是现在分词作定语;而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能,表示“用来睡觉的”,是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语:

英语状语-表语-宾语-补语-定语地概念

第一部分 在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补的位置组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。He likes watch'ing TV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。一般可分为两类: 1),简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。 2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。My sis'ter is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代

词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。 7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如: make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。 这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。 8.宾补就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的例: I know you are student good at maths 在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。 宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是: I know you are student who is good at maths 还可以是-ing 形式 I see you crossing the street简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分. 因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰

状语补语中心语等句法成分补充讲义

(四)状语: 1.状语的定义和构成: (1)什么是状语: 状语是修饰限制谓语的成分。如: ①我们[非常]愉快。 ②人民教师[辛勤]地工作。 ③他[可能]是我们的导师。 ④同学们[都]挤在楼道里听报告。 例①如果只说“我们愉快”,仅仅是一般性的陈述;用上状语“非常”以后,不但表明了“我们”处于“愉快”的状态,而且表明了“愉快”所达到的程度。例②的状语“辛勤”也表明工作的程度。例③如果没有“可能”出现,那么它就是一个肯定判断,表明“他”是怎样的一个人。在“是”前加上能愿动词“可能”以后,句子表达的就是一个可能性的模态判断,表明那仅仅是一种推测。例④的谓语是个连动词组,“都”是附加在这个谓语上的,是修饰限制整个谓语的;整个句子表达一个全称肯定判断,表明“同学们”中的每一个人毫不例外地在做什么。 状语一般在谓语之前,但也有在主语之前或谓语之后的。如: ① [阶梯教室里],老师在讲课。 ⑥他走了,[慢慢]地,[慢慢]地。 这种状语同一般状语的位置不同,因而常常用逗号把它们同句子的其他成分隔开。 (2)状语的构成: 副词经常做状语。因为谓语常由动词、形容词充当,而副词又常修饰限制动词、形容词,所以,副词做状误是最常见的,可以说是它的天职。如: ⑦看热闹的人们[渐渐]散了。 ⑧我们[马上][就要]考试了。 ⑨我们[一定]坚持下去! ⑩真没有想到啊,他[竟]是这样的一个人!

上例的“非常”是程度副词作状语,“都”是范围副词作状语,“渐渐”“马上”“一定”“竟”分别是表频率、时间、肯定、语气的副词,也都作状语。状语由哪种副词充当,就表示了哪方面的意义。 形容词除了常作定语外,还常作状语。如: ⑾大家[爽朗]地笑了起来。 ⑿学生[刻苦]地学习文化知识。 ⒀老师[仔细]地批改了学生的作业。 ⒁战士们[整整齐齐]地站着。 形容词是表示人或事物的性质或状态的词,所以形容词作状语一般是修饰性的,从情状的角度修饰谓语,用来描写动作的方式或状态。有些形容词可以直接作状语,如:“[早]知道了”,“[少]出去几次”,“[紧张]地注视着”等等。但是,有些形容词做状语往往用重叠形式,如:“[圆圆]地排成一个圈”,“[端端正正]地坐在那里”,“[痛痛快快]地笑一顿”,“[整整齐齐]地站着”,“[黑压压]地挤了一教室”,等等。 某些代词和名词有时也作状语。这里所说的“某些代词”指的是能代替动作或性状的指示代词和疑问代词。如: 这件事[这么]办吧。 你[怎么]来的? 这里所说的“某些名词”,主要是指表示时间、处所的名词。和少数能表示方式的普通名词如“历史、部分、本能、集体”等。如: 小红[一九八五年]毕业于山西师范大学。 咱们[太原]见。 我们必须[历史]地评价古人和他的作品。 咱们[集体]购票。 动词中除了能愿动词常作状语外,某些表示感知和心理活动的动词也能作状语。一般动词很少作状语。如: 同学们[注意]地听着老师讲课。 她[害怕]地躲了出去。

英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解

英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解 一.主语: 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1.名词作主语。 A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下横在) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。) 2.代词用作主语。 You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑) 3.数词用作主语。 Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4.名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5.副词用作主语。 Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6.名词化的介词作主语。 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 7.不定式用作主语。 To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again. 8.动名词用作主语。 Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work. 9.名词化的过去分词用作主语。 The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age. 10.介词短语用作主语。 To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 11.从句用作主语。 Whenever you are ready will be fine. Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 12.句子用作主语。 "How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 二.谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。 1.由简单的动词构成。 (1). What happened? 发生了什么事? (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2.由动词短语构成的谓语。 (1). I am reading. 我在看书。 (2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?

英语可做定语,表语,补语,状语 的成分

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例句2: Jack happened meet Rose crying and standing at the verge of boat at the evening a few days ago ,he persuaded her and tried every means to save her. But it is funny that he was mistaken for a bad man who wanted to hurt Rose. Jack, Rose, boat,人物,舞台都有了。然后就是叙述故事的情节。 Meet Rose, 谓语,宾语, 几天前的傍晚时间状语 Crying and standing 补充说明Rose人物当时的特征, At the verge of boat, 地点 At the evening a few days ago, 时间 然后根据这个场景开始扩充事件,描述。 二.可做定语成分 ①定语主要是修饰限定名词或者代词的,一般能修饰名词或代词的词,也都是形容词性特征的,或者时间地点加以限定的副词。 主要是形容词,形容词性物主代词,数词,不定式,分词,介词词组,句子, 形容词作定语 She is a beautiful girl. She is a kind girl. This is an interesting book. The tall boy is Jimmy. 形容词性物主代词作定语 This is his bike. What’s your name please? Whose picture is it? This is my bag.

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