英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧
在二语习得过程中，阅读理解的最主要障碍是词汇。从某种意义上讲，能否巧妙处理阅读理解中遇到的生词或熟词新义问题，是快捷突破英语阅读理解瓶颈的关键。由于我们不可能对所有的英语词汇都有所了解和掌握，所以应用猜词技巧，判断出困扰文章阅读理解词汇的正确含义就显得意义非凡。
一、根据构词法猜测词义
在英语词汇中，有相当一部分单词是通过派生、转化、合成构成的，乍看起来，这个词好像是个生词，但是依据三种构词法就能很快判断出这一生词的词义和词性。例如：Because of the many violent storms, the Triangle is often impassable, 中的impassabel是由前缀im-(not的意思）和passable(可通过的）两部分组成，所以，impassable的意思就是“不能通行的”。
二、根据与上下文之间的关系猜测词义
生词不是孤立的，封闭的，它出现于期中的句子、段落，都会提供很多的暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系可推测出生词的含义。例如：Drinking some icy water from the river in front of the bear
trap and splashing a lot of water over my head brought me fully to my senses. 并列的两个动名词短语所提供的相关信息（喝冰冷的河水，再往头上洒大量的水）足以说明brought me fully to my senses 的意思，即“使我完全清醒了”。
三、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，可以利用提示语来判断生词的含义。比如说，如果句子中出现that is, namely, or 等单词或短语，那么这些短语的上下文之间通常是同义词的关系。另外，有时候逗号、括号、破折后等标点符号常被用来表示两个相邻的词（组）为同义词（组）或近义词（组），这些标点符号也为我们理解生词提供了线索。例：Lydia briefly stated that they were going to choose a treasurer, namely a person responsible for the money and acounts for the committee. 这句话的意思说是：莉亚迪简单地陈述了她们将要为委员会选出一个人，这个人负责处理钱财和账务，根据“namely”(也就是）来判断，“treasurer”的意思是“财务管理人”了。
四、根据对比关系猜测词义
在文章中，常有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据表示转折、对比等的连词，如
however, but, on the contrary等，来判断上下文之间的关系，进而猜测出生词含义。例： Obviously, except for room and board and the appropriate “work clothes”, the volunteers are not paid. But participating in and experiencing one of the most exciting events in the world firsthand is a big deal. 这段话是由转折连词“but”连接的。上文说除了食宿及必要的工作服之外，志愿者是没有工资的。没有工资白干活是大多数人不愿意的。但是下文说他们可以亲自参加并经历世界上最激动人心的赛事之一。这样的经历一定是不同寻常的，因此“big deal”应翻译成“特别的事”。
五、根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系不同的是，比较关系通常表示的是意义上的相似关系，并通过相应的连词来表达这种关系。例：Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. 这个句子意思是说对某个品质的欣赏通常会使我们欣赏这个人的整体，那么这个人就会成为一个“identifying figure” (楷模）了。并列连词“and”在这里比较两个意思相近的表达。
六、根据因果关系猜测词义
俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如: Biggest power failure in the city’s history...All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted. 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。
七、根据外部相关信息猜测词义
外部相关信息是指句子或段落以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：The snake slithered through the grass. 根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。
英语阅读理解中的猜词是一种领悟能力和应变力。虽然猜词没有固定的规范，但我们可以根据相关综合条件进行最合理的想象和猜测。在尽可能扩大词汇量的基础上，掌握并灵活应用猜词技巧，从而有效提高英语阅读理解能力。
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
I am Carlos. I am from America, but I love Italian food. I have to take the orders and serve the food. I have two free evenings a week. But I always have to work on Friday and Saturday evenings when the restaurant is busy. The wages are not good, but I am nice to customers so I get a lot of tips. I am permanent so I get holiday pay --- three weeks a year. I go back to America and I see my family. There I don't have to serve food --- my mother serves me! 21. Carlos is a ____________. A. big restaurant owner B. chef C. waiter 22. Carlos loves ____________ food. A. Italian B. British C. American 23. Carlos works ____________. A. in the daytime B. in the evenings C. at lunchtime 24. The restaurant is usually busy ____________. A. on Friday and Saturday afternoons B. on Friday and Saturday evenings C. every day 25. Carlos gets ____________. A. holiday pay B. no tips from the customers C. good wages 答案： 21.C; 22.A; 23.B; 24.B; 25.A Xiaoyan: I'd like to do some exercise today. Is there a swimming pool near here? Polly: Yes, there are two actually. Xiaoyan: Where are they? Polly:There is the Springfield Pool just behind the shops and there's the New Street Pool further away. That one is much better. Xiaoyan: What's it like? Polly:Well, it has two pools. One is Olympic standard and the other is smaller but much warmer. It is really for children, but I go in there when I am cold. It has a sauna and a really
专题复习： 关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。 常用的问题形式： 1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________． 2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________． 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________． 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？ 6. According to the passage, ―…‖ probably means ______________. 7. The author uses the word ―…‖ to mean __________. 8. The underlined word/phrase/team ―…‖means ______________. 9. The word ―…‖ in paragraph …refers to __________. 10. What does ―…‖ in the second paragraph stands for? 11. The sentence ―…‖ means _______________. 例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word ― yielded‖ most probably means__________. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago. In this paragraph the phrase ―this wide, confused wilderness‖ refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂
英语阅读课程小结 第一篇：英语阅读课程小结看选项之后的 第一步就是排除，比较典型的排除干扰选项的方法有：1）用同性元素来排除2）用错误选项的典型特征排除：a）所述 和原文相反；b）无中生有；c）和常识一致，却和文中科学论述相悖；d）是原文不严谨的改写或推理；e）违背常理；f） 语气极端过于绝对正确选项的特征——原文改写一、最常见的原文改写的方法是词性变换，同义词、同义词组的替换，这些变化往往体现了选项与原文之间的文字与文字之间的精确的对应二、原文改写还有一种很普遍的方式就是句式和表达法的转换三、如果题干出现与原文某处的强对比关系词，则答案也应当对原文所述取反，这种原文与选项之间反义替换，也是文字对应的一种细节题的命题规律及解题方法一、列举处常考列 举处是指用first(ly)，second(ly)，third(ly)，finally；not only…but also；then；in addition；further more；moreover；above all；on one hand… on the other hand 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出的事实。要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是“细节事实题”。二、例证处常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、 更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常用由as，such as，for example，for instance，take…as an example等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成 为命题者提问的焦点。三、转折对比处常考一般而言，转折 后的内容常常使语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however，but，yet，in fact等词语来引
Group1 1）They described him as a loon, or a mad man. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 2）It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. 3）In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals : Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker. 4）Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Group2 1）If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent. 2）He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 3）In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. 4）Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. Group3 1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 2）That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 3) Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his w hite sneakers. 4) The vixen was not as fortunate as her mate, and was caught in the trap. Her red fur would bring a good price. One more skill 1) Overwork may cause diseases. 2）There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes. 3）Don't listen to his nonsense. 4）Jason is a language specialist. 1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 2.(2003年全国卷，C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 3.(2006年福建卷，A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
高二英语学案 Date: 2017-5- Learning aims:教学目标 Ss will be able to ?Learn and summarize words guessing strategies ?Understand the importance of words guessing in reading comprehension ?Treat unfamiliar words in a positive way while reading Learning processes and Methods:过程与方法 Warm up→ Strategies learning →Practice→ Summary 话题导入—技巧习得—实操运用—方法小结 Step1 Warm up ?How do you deal with the new words or phrases that you come across while doing reading comprehension? ?近几年高考就词义猜测方面命题规律和趋势 1. 高考中题量相对稳定，一般为1-3小题； 2. 近年来难度略有增加，需在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案； 3. 增加了对短语及句意的猜测。 ?词义猜测题常用的设题方式: 1.The word “…” underlined probably means ___. 2.What does the word “…” refer to? 3.The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______. 4.By saying that“…”, the author means that ___. 5. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by _____. 6. Which of the following can take the place of /stand for the w ord “…”? Step 2 Guessing strategies learning 1. _________________________ Eg:This possibility was unforeseeable, because it almost never happened. un-________ fore__________ see___________ -able 2. _________________________ ①It will be very hard but also very brittle ----that is, it will break easily. ②Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________3. _________________________ ①Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. ②John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. Signal words: _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________ ①Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.②The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的). Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________ Most women in Ghana— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old —— work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mother 6._______________________________ Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________ ①I have found Lucy is quite generous. For example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. ②On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 8._______________________________ ①We should also read the notes on the text at the back of the book. ②He took another look and found it was a 10-pound note. ③We always take notes in class. ④At first I was going to write Kathy a note, but then I decided to call her instead. ⑤Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble hitting the high notes. ⑥Please note that this shop will be closed on Sundays. ⑦He keeps a diary to note what happens to him.
高中英语阅读中的猜词技巧导学案 授课背景：近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查。猜词悟义能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。 授课目的：以高考题中出现的猜词题为载体使学生掌握高考中此类题型的出题规律和解题技巧：构词法(合成法，派生法及取头取尾法);语境法（释义描述法，同义关系法，对比关系法，因果关系法及经验常识法）。 常用的设问形式： 1. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to/means _____________． 2. The underlined word（phrase/ sentence）in the last paragraph means / refers to _____________． 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 阅读技巧—猜词（不查字典完成下面的导学案，你可以做到吗？） Ⅰ. 构词法类 1. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? forget-me-not__________ baby-sitter __________ out-of-date computer________ outbreak of Bird Flu____________ …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A. A thief B. A guide in a shop C. the owner of a shop D. A porter (搬运工) 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？ 2. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? mispronounce __________ nonsmoker ___________ widen __________ musician __________ 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？你还记得那些常见的前缀和后缀？(3-5个) 3. 写出下列单词的汉语意思，并说出他们是如何构成的？ Brunch __________ Smog __________ Chinglish ________ Smilence ____________ The Guardian(卫报)described the scene of a friend?s face buried in a screen as "a distinctly 21st—century problem”. A new word has been created to describe this—phubbing. It is the act of looking at your mobile phone instead of paying attention to others during a social interaction(互动交流).(2014 成都二诊C篇) What does the word “phubbing” mean? How is it made up of ?
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。 I.根据上下文语境进行猜测 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如： 例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business 62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？ A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？ A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. （二）根据定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other
大学英语四六级阅读猜词技巧解读 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。【例一】anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是"研究人类的科学"。【例二】In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是"困境"。定义句的谓语动词多为：be， mean， deal with， be considered， to be， refer to， be called， be known as， define， represent， signify，constitute等。2、根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。1)同位语【例一】Semantics， the study of the meaning of words， is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.