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信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案

信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案
信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案

Unit 1

【Ex1.】根据课文容,回答以下问题。

1.In human terms and in the broadest sense, information is anything that you are capable of perceiving.

2.It includes written communications, spoken communications, photographs, art, music, and nearly anything that is perceptible.

3.If we consider information in the sense of all stimuli as information, then we can’t really find organization in all cases.

4.No.

5.Traditionally, in libraries, information was contained in books, periodicals, newspapers, and other types of recorded media. People access it through a library’s catalog and with the assistance of indexes, in the case of periodical and newspaper articles.

6.Computerized “information systems”.

7.The problem for most researchers is that they have yet to discover the organizing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need.

8.For library materials, the organizing principle is a detailed subject classification system available for searching in an online “catalog”.

9.The one thing common to all of these access systems is organization.

10.No, it isn’t.

【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。

n.取回,恢复,修补;检索retrieval

n.机械装置,机构,机制mechanism

adj.特有的,表示特性的,典型的characteristic

n.分类,分级classification

n.风格,方式,样式,习惯manner

n.文件,公文document

vt.解释,说明Interpret

vt.使自动化,自动操作automate

n.分类assortment

n.法则,原则,原理principle

n.排列,安排arrangement

n.&vt.访问,存取access

n.浏览器;浏览书本的人browser

n.目录catalog

n.索引index

n.材料,原料,物资,素材material

n.媒体;介质media

n.安排,配置,计划scheme

【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。

1.有人认为领导只出现在组织的顶层,而管理在组织的下层。

2.项目经理负责开发某一项目。

3.职责经理负责一个主要的职责。

4.同样地,产品线经理负责相关的一组产品。

5.词语“主管”通常指一个人工作时的顶头上司,即在组织中你直接向其汇报工作的人。6.达到计划过程中设定目标的关键是建立组织的结构。

7.组织的目的就在于充分使用组织的资源来实现组织的目标。

8.正式组织可以用图的形式表示。

9.非正式的组织是一个雇员之间互相社交的网络,它与该公司的正式职权结构无关。

10.主管必须意识到非正式组织影响正式组织。

【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。

1.lossless 2.compression 3.crossroads 4.statistics 5.engineering 6.crucial 7.mobile 8.Internet 9.theory 10.measures

【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息回答问题。

1.Information design has only gathered recognition within the last 25 years.

2.It means“The field of information design applies traditional and evolving design principles to the process of translating complex, unorganized, or unstructured data into valuable, meaningful information. The practice of information design requires an interdisciplinary approach which combines skills in graphic design, writing and editing, instructional design, human performance technology, and human factors.”

3.With the electronic delivery of information and the Internet, information is becoming more complex. In the past, information was designed for a single output. Today, through the use of these technologies, information is being designed for display in multiple outputs.

4.Today, the practice of information design requires multiple skills such as graphic design, human factors design, writing and programming.

5.The next generation of information designers will learn, practice and perfect several of the skills currently performed by multiple people.

6.Information designers will become“workplace chameleons”switching from one skill to another depending upon the project requirements and timings.

7.If you’re an existing information designer, you should be thinking about this evolution from both a financial and job security perspective. If you’re an employer, you should be looking at it from a productivity and financial perspective.

8.We believe that adding new skills to your inventory will enable you to command a higher salary.

9.They are traditional print medias and new electronic medias.

10.For those individuals who are flexible and savvy enough to add multiple skills to their inventory, the next decade promises to be at least as rewarding as the last.

Unit 2

【Ex1.】根据课文容,回答以下问题。

1.An information economy is where the productivity and competitiveness of units or agents in the economy (be they firms, regions or nations) depend mainly on their capacity to generate, process, and apply efficiently knowledge-based information.

2.It is also described as an economy where information is both the currency and the product.

3.We have always relied on information exchange to do our jobs and run our lives. 4.It is the pervasive use of information and communications technology.

5.First, the information economy is global. Second, the information economy is highly productive. The third characteristic of the information economy is the change in the manner of obtaining profits.

6.Stephen Cohen observes that the mobility of labor is undermined by people’s xenophobia and stricter immigration laws. Multinational corporations still maintain their assets and strategic command centers in their home nations, and capital is still limited by banking and finance laws.

7.Castells concludes that economic statistics do not adequately capture the movements of the new information economy, precisely because of the broad scope of transformation under the impact of information technology and related organizational change. 8.Robert Reich observes that profits in the old economy came from economies of scale—long runs of more or less identical products.

9.Those in the lead cannot stop innovating lest they fall behind the competition. 10.To maintain leadership in the new economy, the social position of knowledge professionals and the social acceptance of their values should be guaranteed.

【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。

vt.强调,着重emphasize

n.全球化,全球性globalization

n.公司,(合伙)商号firm

adj.灵活的,柔软的,能变形的,可通融的flexible

adj.固有的,在的,与生俱来的inherent

n.投资,可获利的东西investment

n.限制,局限性limitation

n.装配,集结,汇编assembly

n.商标,牌子brand

n.扩散,传播diffusion

n.资产asset

n.流通;货币currency

n.竞争者competitor

adj.多国的,跨国的,多民族的multinational

vt.改组,重新组织reorganize

n.生产力productivity

vt.利用utilize

n.利润,益处,得益profit

adv.可交替地,可互换地interchangeably

n.收益性,利益率profitability

【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。

1.扁平组织强调分散管理,鼓励员工积极参与决策。

2.管理人员和员工在一个互有信心、互相信任的友好环境中互动。

3.机械组织最适合重复的运行和稳定的环境。

4.商业计划有多种形式。

5.计划过程本身远比计划文档更重要。

6.每一个任务都应该包括一个执行方案。

7.一个执行方案可以帮助主管组织、协调他的团队行动,并使项目按计划进行。

8.执行方案详细阐述完成该任务所需要的步骤和工作。

9.项目管理软件程序可以帮助主管制定执行方案。

10.最基本的项目管理软件程序帮助用户把自己的想法整理成一个简单的进度表。

【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。

1.term 2.informational 3.sources 4.regarding 5.when

6.fact 7.focused 8.economy 9.indicators 10.agreement

【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息填空。

1.Software; geographic data; geographically referenced information

2.a serious discipline; businesses and governments

3.a geographic information system (GIS)

4.a map

5.the database View; the map View; the model view

6.find places that have the features you’re looking for; see where to take action 7.simply mapping the locations of features

8.measure the number of features using a uniform areal unit, the distribution

9.a Vulnerability-Exposure-Sensitivity-Resilience model, exposed to flood risk 10.mapping change

Unit 3

【Ex1.】根据课文容,回答以下问题。

1.Information technology is the use of technology to enhance the speed and the efficiency of the transfer of information.

2.At first, computers were big, costly, and available only to universities and big corporations.

3.Before the 1990s, full time researchers having access to the high priced equipment drove most discoveries in information technology.

4.A personal computer or PC is generally a microcomputer intended to be used by one person at a time, and suitable for general purpose tasks such as word processing, programming, editing or playing a personal computer game, and is usually used to run purchased or other software not written by the user.

5.International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) developed the first open standard personal computer.

6.They are used to store both information and allow discussion with chat and messages. 7.The Internet was originally conceived as a distributed, fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be unaffected by failure at any point. DARPA mainly created it; its initial software applications were and computer file transfer. 8.World Wide Web was invented in 1989.

9.In 1875, for example, the invention of the telephone breached distance through sound. Between 1910 and 1920, the first AM radio stations began to broadcast sound. By the 1940s television was broadcasting both sound and visuals to a vast public. In 1943, the world’s first electronic computer was created.

10.The one characteristic of computer technology that sets it apart from earlier analogy technologies is that it is digital.

【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。adj.二进制的binary

v.&n.聊天chat

n.&v.发展advance

vt.转变,变换convert

n.模拟analogy

v.开发develop

adj.数字的,数位的digital

n.应用,应用程序,应用软件application

n.设备device

n.电子

n.文件file

n.装备,设备,器材,装置equipment

vt.提高,增强enhance

n.消息,通信message

n.因特网Internet

n.运转,操作operation

vt.记录record

n.信号signal

n.任务,作业task

n.发射,传送,传输,转播transmission

【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。

1.数据库是有机组织起来的信息集合,以便容易存取、管理和更新。

2.在处理过程中,数据库可以根据其组织方式进行分类。

3.面向对象的编程数据库适合用对象类和子类数据来定义。

4.典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合。

5.关系数据库是由IBM公司的E. F. Codd于1970年发明的。

6.SQL语言是标准用户和应用程序与关系数据库的接口。

7.在处理过程中,数据被转换成更便于传输和处理的形式。

8.一般来说,在科学领域中,数据是指一系列所收集的事实。

9.当信息被输入和存储到计算机中时,它常常被称为数据。

10.当信息被整理或用来理解或完成某事时,它就是知识。

【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。

1.measure 2.quantifies 3.length 4.absolute 5.representation 6.symbols 7.entropy 8.lower 9.human 10.random

【Ex5.】根据文章所提供的信息填空。

1.a series of points or nodes; communication paths

2.the bus; star; Token Ring; mesh topologies

3.share a common communications line or wireless link

4.Ethernet; Token Ring; FDDI

5.it is cheaper to install and maintain

6.a network; larger; smaller

7.a geographically dispersed telecommunications network; a local area network (LAN); owned or rented; the inclusion of public (shared user) networks

8.“the Net”; a worldwide system of computer networks; get information from any other computer; talk directly to users at other computers

9.the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government; 1969; the ARPANET 10.the World Wide Web;“WWW”;“the Web”; hypertext

Unit 4

【Ex1.】根据课文容,回答以下问题。

1.Information, including access to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic, and political advancement.

2.The popular name for the Internet is the information superhighway.

3.The Internet is a network of networks that spans the globe. We call it a metanetwork. 4.In the 1980’s, the National Science Foundation, whose NSFNet linked several high speed computers, took charge of the what had come to be known as the Internet.

5.It stands for National Research & Education Network. NREN’s goal was to develop and maintain high-speed networks for research and education, and to investigate commercial uses for the Internet.

6.There is no clear answer to this question because the Internet involves many things. Basically, everyone who uses the Internet in some way pays for part of it.

7.The unique thing about the Internet is that it allows many different computers to connect and talk to each other. This is possible because of a set of standards, known as protocols, that govern the transmission of data over the network: TCP/IP .

8.It is a piece of software that displays documents for you and carries out your requests. 9.The Web server is a computer running another type of Web software which provides data, or“serves up”an information resource to your Web client.

10.The advantage of the client/server model lies in distributing the work so that each tool can focus or specialize on particular tasks .

【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。

n.资源resource

vt.检索,重新得到retrieve

n.协议protocol

n.&v t.分享share

vt.保护protect

vt.&n.请求,要求request

n.对话期session

vt.送,寄,发送send

n.过程,方法,程序,步骤process

n.客户client

vi.合作,协作cooperate

n.代理处,行销处,代理,中介agency

n.档案,公文archives

n.信道,频道,通道channel

adj.商业的,贸易的commercial

vt.下载download

vt.显示display

adv.有效地,有力地effectively

【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。

1.1992年美国总统大选中,副总统候选人戈尔许诺优先发展所谓的“信息高速公路”。

2.要从数据库中读取信息,需要数据库管理系统(DBMS)。

3.不管选定了哪一种建店方法,都必须接受顾客使用常用信用卡支付。

4.什么样的产品和服务最适合因特网?

5.但是,这并不意味着因特网营销没有自己的特点。

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