英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解主要考查考生能够在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文的主题思想，对文中信息进行分析、推理、判断，并把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序和逻辑关系，理解作者的意图、态度以及文章寓意的能力。综观历年阅读理解题的设问，我们可以看出：试题设问手法灵活、提问深入，而且语篇意识进一步加强了；不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求学生理解文章的内在含义。
阅读理解的考查题型主要有六大类：细节理解题，推理判断题，主旨大意题，词义猜测题，判断作者意图、态度、观点题和判断文章的基本结构题。其中，主旨大意题型旨在考察考生通过快速阅读获取语篇的中心思想的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生运用逻辑概括能力，从文章的字里行间获取文章中的代表性观点和中心论点。主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。高考阅读理解主旨大意题型的命题形式主要有：
1. The main topic/subject of the passge is _____.
2. What is mainly discussed in the text/X paragraph？
3. What is the main idea of the passage？
4. The purpose of this passage is _____.
5. The passage mainly focused on _____.
6. What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text？
上述命题形式大致可以概括为三类：选择段落或文章的主题思想、写作目的和标题。下面结合高考实例来分析主旨大意题的解题技巧。
一、文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法
众所周知，文章是由段落组成，每个段落都是围绕某个中心思想展开的一群句子的组合，而段落的中心思想又是为文章主旨服务的。寻找文章中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句，这是找准文章主题大意的关键。主题句是文章的核心，它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句，文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。但是由于文章表现手法各不相同，主题句出现的位置也不尽相同。在多数情况下，尤其在说明文和议论文中，主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。解题时，我们通常采用浏览的方式，仔细选读文章的首尾段和首尾句（包括每一段的首尾句），重点搜索主题线索和脉络。下面阐述五种主题呈现的方式：
1．开门见山式
主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。这种写作手法叫做演绎法，在英语文章中尤为常见，这种文章的主题句最容易找到，故主题思想显而易见。
（2005年全国高考重庆卷E篇）：
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
①What does this passage mainly talk about？_________
https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html,petition helps to set up self-respect.
B.Opinions about competition are different among people.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html,petition is harmful to personal quality development.
D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
2．藏头露尾式
主题句出现在文尾。即文章先阐述了细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，叫做归纳写作法，主题句往往位于末段。这一类文章的主题句也很明显，不难找到。
On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
②What’s the main idea of the passage？________
A. Keep away from the Internet.
B. Surf the net.
C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.
3．首尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也很常见。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
③The passage is mainly about _________ .
A. How to Play Lacrosse
B. Lacrosse in Canada
C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
4．抛砖引玉式
即文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly
for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful？
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain ―collections‖ of interesting ―things‖ rather than protective ha bitats (栖息地). …
Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty….
…
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
④What does the author try to argue in the passage？_________
A.Zoos are not worth the public support.
B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
5．藏龙卧虎式
即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on me eting or leaving each other. ―Let’s shake (hands) on it‖ sometimes means agreement reached.
⑤The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practiced
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
二、选择最好的标题——选帽原则
标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章主题，它是文章中心思想最精练的表达形式。那如何选择文章的标题呢？如同选择文章的主题思想一样，标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。标题要避免概括不够，即以部分代整体，或以事实细节代替具体的大意；也要避免概括过度，即脱离了文本内容的过度发挥，导致标题范围太大，缺乏针对性。像帽子一样，大小合适才行。
另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。
例一He wishes the holiday season would end already. His back aches, his red suit feels like a spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …
The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as
they are unanswerable. For example, ―Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？‖
Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)…
⑥What would be the best title for the passage？__________
A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas
B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive？
C．A Christmas Story
D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children？
例二I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear.
… …
While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring (吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.
⑦What can be the best title for the text?
A Mother’s Love
A Brave Act
Deadly River
A Matter of Life and Death
一般情况下，考生在做阅读理解题时，首先要快速浏览，预测大意,然后灵活交替使用跳读、回读、细读等方式，寻找有用的信息，验证和纠正先前的预测。其次，对关键句子要仔细解读,如文章的首尾段和首尾句，抓住大意，确定文章的主题思想，分清层次，辨别主题和细节。一旦考生弄清楚文章主旨大意，那么在做其他的细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题的时候，都会有一个正确的方向，做题的正确率也会大大提高。
三．其他注意事项
(一) 特别关注结论性或者转折性的语言，文中出现的连词（转折but/ however，因果so/ therefore，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that…, for example, in short）, 这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句。
(二)关注高频词(常为名词)
（三）在选择正确答案的过程中，尽量要避免选择过于绝对的选项。例如：选项中包含有all, completely, only, almost, absolutely, definitely等。通常正确的答案有一定的概括性和结论性，过于细节的选项往往不是正确答案，而过于笼统的选项则往往缺乏准确性，或者过于片面，需要我们在选择时注意。
四．一种特殊的做题方法-----假定标题写作法；
这是一种逆向思维的方法。这种方法就是先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题，那么，按照这个标题文章通常应该怎么写、写什么呢？根据标题里的核心词，我们可以在头脑里大致确定一下文章的结构和内容，如果二者与阅读短文基本相同，就可以判断该项正确；如果与短文大相径庭，就可以判断该项不对。使用这种方法的关键是找出标题中的核心词。
Passage 7 (2009年浙江英语卷E篇)
Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It wasn’t much –a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. ―She should have been up there,‖ says historian Mary Bowden. ‖if her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.‖ one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.
……
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting h er out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that ―Fran klins was only two steps away from the solution.‖
No, Franklin was the solution.‖ She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,‖ Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the ―Dark Lady of DNA‖, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
⑧What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C. The process of discovering DNA.
D The race between two teams of scientists.
五．错误选项的特点
以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句没有展开论述的话.
过于笼统. 即归纳的主题太泛, 与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.
把观点强加与作者. 读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.
无关信息, 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息
练习一：
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
练习二
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: ―Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hu-
-rry.‖ However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is ―just right for you‖ It costs ＄395. This sales trick is called ―bait and switch‖. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buyer Beware
B. Closeout(出清存货) Sale
C. Crime Pays
D. Buying a TV Set
练习三
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.
On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
How to Live Truthfully
B. Importance of Peacefulness
C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
练习四
A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.
Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of
fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.
75. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the construction of a road
B. the design of a road
C. the construction of two tunnels
D. the design of two tunnels
练习五2010 辽宁 C
Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedrooms TVs.
67. What would be the best title for this text?
A. Computers or Television
B. Effects of Television on Children
C. Studies on TV and College Education
D. Television and Children’s Learning Habits
练习六
The term ―multitasking‖ originally referred to people’s abilit y to carry out several tasks one time. For many people ,multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success .In fact, some excellent mental acrobic exercises(大量训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking email while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people ,many times multitasking can make us less productive , rather than more ,But studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased anxiety and memory loss.
52. What is the main idea oh the passage?
Multitasking has become a way of life.
Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.
C. Multitasking describes need to be improved.
D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.
练习七
Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.
Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. ……
Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, ……
Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.
63.What would be the best title for the passage?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html, Will Rule the World
https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html, Will Disturb the World
https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html, Will Better the World
https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html, Will Remain in World
练习八
The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage（短缺）seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainful country, many of the world’s agricultur al industries experience constant water shortages.
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high.
Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling the countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation（灌溉）. In Texas, far mers’ overuse of irrigation water be resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of south eastern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry village, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
……….
75.The text is mainly about .
A. water supply and increasing population
B. water use management and agriculture
C. water redistribution and wildlife protection
D. water shortages and environmental protection.
（英语）英语阅读理解练习题20篇及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon. The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed, he adds. Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors ( 交叠式旋翼 )to power the vehicle. The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams. In New Zealand, the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour. Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack “is built around safety from the start. In his words, reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.” The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute (降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency. “It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot,” he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon. （1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike . A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly B. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed （2）The writer uses the example of For One racing car to show that . A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height （3）The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer s to. A. the jet stream B. the engine C. the Jetpack D. the parachute （4）What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage? A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles. B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles. C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles. D. To advertise the two personal
中考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧 命题形式主要有： 常见的主旨大意题的考查形式： The text is mainly about ____. The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______. What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last/xx paragraph? What would be the best title /headline for the text? This article mainly tells about the story of ____. What is the topic of the text? The subject discussed in this text is ____. What does the second paragraph discuss? The paragraph (passage) deals with _____. What is mainly discussed in the text? 解题技巧。 1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。 2.再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。 3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。 4、这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做 一、文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小 段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。 主题呈现的方式： 1．开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. 题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？ https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html,petition helps to set up self-respect. B.Opinions about competition are different among people. https://www.doczj.com/doc/723977965.html,petition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experience in competition. 2．藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾 On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, r ead a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. 题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？ A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet. 3．首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行
高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧 一、主旨大意题的命题形式 主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有： (1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______. (2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______. (3)The text is mainly about ______. (4)The passage mainly centers on ______. (5)The passage mainly tells about ______. (6)What is the subject discussed in the text? (7)What is the main idea of this passage? (8)What is the passage mainly about? (9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? (10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage? (13)What would be the best title for the text? (14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage? (15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______ (16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______. (17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______. (18)What is the author's main purpose? (19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage? (20)The writer wrote the story in order to______. (21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article? 二、寻找主题句的方法 正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。 1. 主题句在文首 这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。如：(全国高考题) A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students —18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
浙江2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案） 高考英语阅读理解常考点分析 阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型： 1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)； 2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ； 3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)； 4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。 【主旨大意题】 主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段或某几段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一或某几个段落的理解概括能力。它可以是文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想。但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会，明确作者的意图的基础上来概括文章的中心。 【备考策略】 1. 注意主题段落和主题句的位置，特别是文章首段和结尾或段首和段尾； 2. 注意提炼文章的关键词，文章的关键词有时候会出现在正确选项中。 【干扰项特点】 1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 3. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。 4. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 【真题回放】 A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（15）（答案） 【2015高考复习】阅读理解 What is the most popular food in western countries? If you are not sure, statistics might give you the answer. Every year，some 20 million people walk into restaurants and buy 2 billion sandwiches. Americans alone eat more than 1 billion sandwiches annually. If you lined up all the sandwiches Westerners eat in a year, they would go around the world 13 times! When John Montagu made the very first sandwich in England in 1762, he couldn't have imagined that it would still be very popular almost 250 years later. There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country. Sandwiches are commonly carried to school or work in lunch boxes or brown paper bags to be eaten for lunch. They are also taken on picnics and hiking trips. Their long-lasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time. You can put everything you want inside a sandwich. They are easy to clean up after, nutritious and come in hundreds of different kinds. Well-known American chef Dave Lieberman adds another reason.“I think people like to touch their food, kids especially. It's just a natural instinct. You don't have to use a knife and fork to eat a sandwich，” he said. Sandwiches can be hot or cold with almost any kind of filling. One of the most popular kinds is the BLT—bacon，lettuce and tomato. Although it is a simple food, it can still be creative. Sandwiches can be served open-faced, with sushi inside or grilled with delicious fillings. 【语篇解读】西方国家最普遍的食物是什么？当约翰在英格兰做出第一份三明治时，他不会想到在几乎250年后的今天三明治仍然大受欢迎。三明治里面的馅各种各样，冷热均可食用。虽然三明治做法简单，但仍然具有创新性。三明治可以做成露馅的单片吃，可以在里面放入寿司，还可以加入美味馅烤着吃。 36．The author intends to________. A．tell us the histor y of sandwich-making B．introduce a popular food in the West C．show how sandwiches are made D．explain why westerners like sandwiches 答案 B [主旨归纳题。根据文章第一句话“What is the most popular food in western
2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。
(1) “You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys（牛仔）and Indians, and you can be the Indians. ”One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said. “How many Indians?”I asked. “Oh, about a thousand. ”He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Let's catch the killers!”and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car． “We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!” But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look. Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him. ” “Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.”I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（绞死）people. ” I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now. ” “Untie me.”I shouted. ”We're going. “Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?”Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking Dad whether he had any. ” “oh, he was just going t matches? MA TCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches” Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more. 1．How many children played the Indians? [ ] A．One thousand B．One hundred C．One group D．One 2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ] A．there were not enough children four the game B．the game was just going to start C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians D．they were waiting for Joe 3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.”Because______. [ ] A．he was tied to a tree B．that would make things worse C．he was caught by the cowboys D．that would make the cowboys angry 4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ] A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches. B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches. C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father. D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches. 5．The name of the story should he“______.”[ ] A．Joe and his cousins B．Who knows what danger is waiting there
高考英语阅读理解专题训练主旨大意篇 （一） Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume（消耗）rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to（往往，倾向于）stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed（挤出）between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of（尽管）all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity —or extreme overweight —among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject（拒绝）older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing. （1）In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C. They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles. D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. （2）This text is mainly the relationship between _________. A. Americans and the French B. life style and obesity
2011届英语阅读理解专练 主旨大意题 A.设题方式 ①.考查文章的中心思想 The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____. The passage is mainly about __. From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage ②.考查文章标题的选择 The best title/headline for this passage is_________. Which of the following is the best title What would be the best title for the text The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________. ③.考查作者的写作态度和意图 What is the author’s main purpose in this passage The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____. In the passage the author wants to tell___. The writer’s attitude toward ... is___. B.干扰项特点 ①. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 ②. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 ③. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 ④. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 ⑤. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 C.解题指导 1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。 主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况: 1）主题句在开头?主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义?点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨?而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证
英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题 主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。常见的命题方式： What is the main idea of this passage? What dose this passage mainly concern? The main theme of this passage is_____________ The main point of the passage is___________ Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______ The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____ Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole? 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况： 1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。 【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。 Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。 …… Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。 Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. This passage is mainly about ________。 A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips 【解析】本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应