托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题（4） Questions 11-20 Philosophy in the second half of the 19th century was based more on biology and history than on mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics and epistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of this period were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the American pragmatists, William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey (1859-1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called “experimental naturalism”, or “instrumentalism”. Pragmatism was generally critical of traditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855-1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who believed in an absolute truth and held that human thought and the external world were unified. Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested in practice, assessing whether they produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distrust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary to rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutions.
0308 托福试题 阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms
智课网TOEFL备考资料 全真TOEFL试题集(阅读PDF高清版) 摘要：全真TOEFL试题集内容丰富，包含了历年托福阅读真题以及每篇阅读里面的核心词汇，并附有详细的答案，害怕的不了托福阅读高分吗？ 全真 TOEFL 试题集说白了就是ETS的真题集，都是阅读的，分享给大家。 全真TOEFL试题集内容速览 文件大小:1.77 MB (1,856,971 字节) 文件类型:pdf 全真TOEFL试题集部分内容： Reading Test 5 1 Lasers are often the preferred tools of surgeons in the modern operating room. A. sole C. favored B. best D. required 2 In 1981 presidential adviser Virginia Knauer was selected to be director of the office of Consumer Affairs. A. rumored C. chosen B. supposed D. willing
3 People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away. A. considerately C. alertly B. hungrily D. quietly 4 When department stores have an oversupply of good, they frequently cut prices to encourage sales. A. conceal C. damage B. review D. reduce 以上就是关于全真TOEFL试题集的部分内容，托福阅读做题量不在多，关键在于你所选择的材料和你是否把这些真题真正弄懂，好资料我们已经上传，供大家下载，接下来就靠大家努力啊! 相关字搜索：全真TOEFL试题集-阅读
你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里！ 小托福的词汇量和语法难度相当于大学英语四级的水平，如果考生想要考一个好成绩，一定要多多练习，下文分享的就是小托福考试阅读模拟题，一起阅读下吧~ 在阅读部分，文章会涉及到人文学科、科学、社会科学等内容，学生要注意掌握文章主要内容，抓住关键点，了解作者意图并进行推理。同时，阅读部分的文章形式也十分多样，如电子邮件、信件、新闻、学生写作、广告、日程表等，学生需要在平时积累一些关于习惯用语的表达。 小托福考试阅读模拟题： 模拟题1： Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed. Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT: A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains. B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface. C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches. D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions. 答案：C 解析：题干问的是原文关于“outflow channels”的描述。在真正考试中，把原文阅读完毕再去和选项比较会花费较多时间。因此，比较合理的做题顺序是，先读选项，然后拿选项和原文信息去比对。 A选项说的是outflow channel的形成时间和火山活动在北部平原的发生时间是相同的。快速浏览原文，只有在最后一句提到了它们的形成时间，说大概在30亿年前，about引导的时间状语很重要，补充说明了这一时间和北部火山平原形成的时间相同。A正确。 B选项说的是火山形成的地点，只在火星表面的特定区域。看原文，第二句，说的是它们只在赤道区域出现。B 也正确。
2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why? 2017年01月14日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 You will need to accomplish an assignment to do a presentation. Which will you choose? 1. Act out a scene from a play(with a partner) 2. Explain your review of a novel you recently you read 3. Read a selection of poem Task 2 Someone choose to work in a small company or organization with a few workers. Others prefer to work in a large company or organization with thousands of employees. Which do you think is better? 2017年2月18日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 1. Which of following aspects do you think contributes most to country's success 1.many business opportunities 2.well rounded medical care system 3.a developed educational system Task 2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technology that focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before. 2017年02月25日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 Your friend will move to a school and worried about making new friends there. What kind of advice will you give him to help him make new friend in the new school? Why? Task 2 Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why? 2017年02月26日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The student is asked to write final project about the famous Historical city Which you're located in. Which we do you choose? 1 video the famous building 2 visit the old people 3 Research and write paper
2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6） 【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it
TOEFL全真试题 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福练习试题,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 TOEFL全真试题1 Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12 Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically
0308 托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.1 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that
TOEFL 2004年1月真题2 16. The world's water balance is regulated by the constant circulation of water in A B C Liquid and vapor tom among the oceans, the atmospheric, and the land. D 17. The major purpose of the United States Department of Education are to ensure A equal educational opportunity for all and to improve the quality of education. B C D 18. Massive gains in computer speed, power, and reliably have been largely due A B C to advances in silicon tec~logics and manufacturing processes. D
19. The sunflower, the official state flower of Kansas, and is widespread in A B the prairies of the western United States. C D 20. Lake Superior, part of the United States-Canadian boundary, is a largest A B C freshwater lake in the world. D 21. The snapper, a large-headed fish with a long dorsal fin, is named to its A B characteristic way of suddenly, shutting its mouth. C D 22. The aim of the decorative arts is to beautiful our surroundings. A B C D 23. Modern digital synthesizers, based on microprocessors, are virtually unlimited A B in the number and range of musical sounds it can
新托福口语考试试题小范例 (发布时间:2007-8-7 15:31:00 来自:模考网 实例: Narrator: “Public transportation should be encouraged instead of private cars.” Do you agree with this statement? Please give reasons for your answer. You may begin to prepare your response after the beep. [2 seconds beep] Preparation time: 15 seconds Response time: 45 seconds Narrator: Please begin speaking after the beep. [2 seconds beep] Suggested Answer: With the improvement of living standards, some people can afford to buy their own cars. They drive to work or drive to the suburbs, enjoying the happy holidays. Yet, private cars can’t replace public transportation, such as buses or subways. Compared with private cars, buses and subways have several advantages. First, they are very cheap. A
银川托福考试试题及答案解析 很多银川托福考生在最后的备考阶段都容易迷茫，看到四个科目，具体的不知道该复习点什么?其实在这个时期，小编还是建议大家能够多利用一些模拟题来进行练习，这样对我们的帮助会很大。 听力 1. (a) frank likes coffee, but sarah doesn‘t . (b) unlike sarah, frank took his coffee black. (c) frank took the coffee back to sarah. (d) sarah and frank take cream and sugar in their coffee. 2. (a) our captain was unable to play in the last game. (b) the game started over an hour ago. (c) the game will start later than expected. (d) our team will arrive soon. 3. (a) i have to do one of my lab reports over again. (b) when is my lab report due? (c) what lab report am i supposed to do this weekend? (d) i must work on a lab report this weekend. 4.
(a) the papers are one file. (b) i got rid of the old papers. (c) the papers were carted here. (d) i was dismayed by the news in the paper. 5. (a) i can reproduce the key in a short time. (b) if you forgot your key, you can take mine. (c) it‘ll be a while before i can make the key. (d) that key is the only one of the three i can duplicate. 6. (a) he was absent from the lecture. (b) he showed us his latest statistics. (c) he ended the statistics lecture late. (d) he arrived late for his lecture. 7. (a) you shouldn‘t tell anybody else about that shortcut. (b) that new hairstyle makes you look like a different person. (c) it seems like almost everybody want short hair. (d) your father won‘t recognize you unless you get a haircut. 8.
托福真题库：托福考试真题测试(3) 31. (A) Places the man has visited. (B) A paper the woman is writing for a class. (C) School activities they enjoy. (D) The woman's plans for the summer. 32. (A) She has never been to Gettysburg. (B) She took a political science course. (C) Her family still goes on vacation together. (D) She's interested in the United States Civil War. 33. (A) Why her parents wanted to go to Gettysburg. (B) Why her family's vacation plans changed ten years ago. (C) Where her family went for a vacation ten years ago. (D) When her family went on their last vacation. 34. (A) It's far from where she lives. (B) Her family went there without her. (C) She doesn't know a lot about it. (D) She's excited about going there.
托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析 ） 1.The flexibility of film allows the artist __________ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters. （A） to bring … （B） bringing （C） is brought 】 （D） brings 答案： A ^ 测试点：不定式。 < 分析： allow+sb ．十不定式为固定结构。 4 个答案中只有（ A） to bring 是不定式。 【 2. Traditionally， __________in New England on Thanksgiving Day. （A） when served is sweet cider … （B） when sweet cider is served ？ （C） is served sweet cider （D） sweet cider is served
答案： D
测试点：主谓结构。 分析：原句主、谓俱缺，应选一完整的主语+谓语的结构，即（ D）。（A）、（C）不通，（ B）则是从句，不适合此句。 3. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________，or pronghorn. （A） it is the American antelope （B） the American antelope is （C） is the American antelope （D） the American antelope 答案： C 测试点：倒装句。 分析： Typical of放在句首的句子，要用倒装句。Typical of,短语是表语，应在答案中选择“系动词+主语”的结构，即（ C）。 解题要点：遇倒装句在 4 个答案中寻找以系动词（ be）开始的结构。 4. Lillian D. Wald， public health nurse and __________， was born in Cincinnati Ohio， in 1867. （A） reforming society
小托福考试高频词汇及例题解析 本文为考生介绍的是小托福考试高频词汇，包含了室内家具类、旅行咨询类及餐点消费类三个内容，文章底部是关于词汇的例题与解析，小托福考试高频词汇是重点内容哦~ 室内家具类词汇： (un)furnished (不)配备家具的 furniture 家具 fitting 装置，家具 suite (一套)家具 furnish 布置 fit up 装备 decorate 装饰，布置 ornament 装饰，美化 armchair 配齐，装备 bookcase 书架 cupboard 碗橱 bureau 写字台 bench 长椅 settle 长椅 stool 凳子 deckchair 折叠帆布长椅 high chair 高脚椅 couch 长沙发 settee 中小型沙发
旅行咨询类词汇： travel agency 旅行社 coach 经济仓 make a reservation 预定 book the ticket 预定票 confirm a reservation 确定定位 cancel one’s reservation 取消定位 first come, first reservation 先到先服务原则timetable 时刻表 fare 票价 saver ticket 优惠票 toll 通行费 airport tax 机场税 open ticket 开放机票 duty-free shop 免税店 one-way ticket 单程票 round-trip ticket 往返票 vacant seat 空座 excess change 超重 direct/ non-stop flight 直达航班 connecting-flight 转机 餐点消费类词汇： dinner 正餐
0308托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly (20)being deposited on all objects. Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated to boiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way (25)by heating so that it would no longer support spontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but air could reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask.. Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy. 1,What does the passage mainly discuss? (a)Pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope. (b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation . (c)The effects of pasteurization on food. (d)Pasteur’s argument agai nst the theory of spontaneous generation . 2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to (a)full of (b)developing into (c)resistant to (d)hurt by 3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? (a)What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food? (b)How many types of organisms can be found on food? (c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination? (d)How long can food stand before it putrefies? 4,The word “resemble” in line 9 is closest in meaning to