英语中的脏话、粗话翻译
世界上大概没有哪一种语言文字不带粗语、脏话的成分。特别是文学作品里，粗语、脏话时有所见（所闻）。我们用母语演讲、写作时完全可以做到少用或者不使用这类不文雅的字眼，但在作翻译时就身不由己了。对原作中所出现的粗鄙字眼，即所谓“四字母词(four letter words）”如果避而不译，或者在翻译时随便加以“净化”，说得轻点就是不“信”，说得重点是对原作的歪曲。无论原话有多“粗”、多“脏”，它们毕竟是原作的有机组成部分。在文学作品中，出自某些人物之口的诅语、粗话，正是他们心理活动、情绪变化的写照。也是作家借以表现人物性格的重要手段之一。
英文里最常见的诅语恐怕非“damn”一词莫属了。另外，“son of a bitch"也常用作骂人的话。对这些“老牌号”诅语，汉语里似乎已有相对固定的译法，前者多译作“该死”，后者常译为“婊子养的”或“狗狼养的”。有“老牌”就有“新秀”。发现，“shit”一词作为诅语，大有后来居上之势。在当代文学作品里，在人物的对话中，该词的出现频率相当高。不仅男人将其挂在嘴边，女流之辈也频频使用；不光成人说，小孩也会用；受过良好教育者时不时要用到，更不用说那些缺少修养的"大老粗”们了。凡是遇到不顺心的事，或表示厌烦、不满、困惑想发牢骚时，人们动不动就是“shit”。正因为该词可用来表示多种复杂的心态和情绪，在译成汉语时译者就得多一个心眼，不能把目光停留在英汉词典所列举的那么几个有限的选择上，而应根据上下文和其表达的不同含义，在汉语里挑选感情色彩相应或相当的同语加以表达。
请看下面的例句：
1．The telephone rang.
“Shit，”Dale said.
The phone kept ringing.
“Don't answer it”，she whispered.
“It might be Joanna，”I said.
“No. It's your fucking friend Bloom，”she said.
It was my fucking friend Bloom.”
恋人独处时当然希望清静，不愿外界打扰。对话双方正是一对热恋中的情侣。电话铃声大作时两人正在上演作爱前奏，怪不得女方口出租言。“shit”一词的脱口而出恰如其分地表现出了她此时的厌烦、不满之情，译成“讨厌”比较合适。（Joanna是男方与前妻所生的女儿，Bloom则是他同事）。
2．I put the receiver back on the cradle. Frank was still staring and scowling at me.
“What'd he want？”he asked.
“They've got George Harper．Morrie asked me to represent him during the Q and A.”
“Shit,”Frank said.”
与上例一样，“shit”独立成句，但所表达的意义有所不同。Frank对自己的搭档（一民事律师事务所的合作者）要去插手一桩刑事案件大为不悦，指责人家“多管闲事”，在这种背景下，“shit”译为“乱弹琴’比较符合人物的心理。
除了独立成句外，“shit”还可在句子中充当其他成分，例如：
3．“Some pow'ful shit．Cost enough，but，man，it was pow'ful．”
这是一个黑人妇女在注射毒品后所说的，“shit”显然是毒品的代名词。pow'ful shit可译为“挺厉害的玩意儿”。
4．“Susan，”I said，my voice rising，”I called to tell you that I'm home and Joanria is still in Mexico，She'll be back this Saturday and that's all I have to say to you.”
“That's not a11 Eliot will have to say to you.”“I welcome a call from that mealy-mouthed shit，”I said，and hung up，trembling.
这是一对已离婚的夫妻在电话里的对话。女方责怪前夫不该自己先回国而把女儿留在墨西哥。Eliot是女方“的私人律师中男方对他本来就有反感，听到前妻提到他的名字便气不打一处来，“shit”用来指人，可译为“混蛋”。
5．“Yes. She was a very beautiful woman, Morrie.”
“Yeah，”he said，and shook his head，"That's the shit of it，ain't it？From what I get from the complaint，she was beaten up real bad．So now she turns up on the beach，burned to death．Does it seem like a coincidence to you？”
这是一个警官与律师在谈论一桩凶杀案。受害老是一个年轻美女，案情扑朔迷离，警方一筹莫展，“shit”出自一个警官之口，正是他无可奈何心境的写照。与例3、例4不同的是，该词在上下文中尽管也用作名词，但没有明确的指代关系R是暗示案情复杂，难以理清头绪，因此翻译时就不一定要译成相应的名词。将“That's the shit of it”译作“事情怪就怪在这里”。
下面再看看与“shit”有关的一个复合词。
6．“Susan，cut it out．”
“Cut what out?"
“This bullshit about Dale."
“l certainly hope you don't use that kind of language in Jodanna's presence. It's bad enough…”
7. She told me a woman out on Fatback Key formed a committee…" “Oh，yeah，that bullshit committee，…
在以上两例中,shit与bull一起构成bullshit，前一个为名词后一个用作形容词，修饰committee。从上下文看, 前者指的是说话人前妻Susan对现在的情人Dale所使用的一个很难听的称号,另外考虑到下文里对方的抗议，即“that kind of language和“bad enough…"，认为可将bullshit译作“狗屁”. bullshit committee措的是一个群体淫乱团伙，故将其译作“乌七八糟委员会”。
除“shit”外，在此类词中较常见的还有“fuck （fucking，fucker），piss，cunt等，这些词单个地偶尔出现在文章或作品里并不足为怪；但若同时出现在同一句子中，则不得不令人称奇。下面就有这么一个例子：
“And her language…well，she curses a lot，even more than any of the other girls do－that's normal for Saint Mark’s，cursing a lot，the whole ｀shit，piss，cunt，fuck' routine，you know。But Heather really goes overboard with it，like she’s trying to prove how mature she is，you know what I mean?"
I was still reeling over the string of profanities my fourteen－year－old daughter had casually dropped into the conversation。
双引号中是一位上中学的女儿向父亲介绍班上一位名叫Heather的同学时所说的话，目的是想告诉父亲她这位同学是如何满口脏话，不知羞耻，其中单引号里的四个词是典型的“four letter words”。翻开英汉词典，“shit”和“piss”分别是“大便”和“撒尿”，如此这般译成中文，平淡无奇，不足以表现Heather那种缺少教养、俗不可耐的“小痞子”神态。而“cunt"是女性生殖器，“fuck’是指发生性行为，直译过来显然也不妥。遇到这种情况，译者不必拘泥于原文字面意义，应跳出原文局限，在汉语词汇中挑选出几个粗俗、脏鄙的字眼来。将上文拟译如下：
“还有她的言谈……唉，她满口脏话，比别的女孩子脏话都多——在圣·马克中学，满口脏话者大有人在，像｀他妈的，日他娘，狗日的，操你奶奶’之类，知道不？但希瑟更是有过之而无不及，像是要证明她是多么成熟似的。懂我的意思么？”我十四岁的女儿一口气说出了这么一长串粗鲁的语言，一时令我目瞪口呆。
从字面上看，英语里的“四字母词”与汉语中的鄙语似乎想去甚远，但在表达效果上却基本一致，也算得上是一种“貌离神合”吧。
英语也有很多粗话 可能大家好莱坞片子看多了也会发现，英语里也有很多骂人的脏话粗话，不妨一起来看看下面的文章： 世界上大概没有哪一种语言文字不带粗语、脏话的成分。特别是文学作品里，粗语、脏话时有所见（所闻）。我们用母语演讲、用或者不使用这类不文雅的字眼，但在作翻译时就身不由己了。对原作中所出现的粗鄙字眼，即所谓“四字母词(four letter words）”如果避而不译，或者在翻译时随便加以“净化”，说得轻点就是不“信”，说得重点是对原作的歪曲。无论原话有多“粗”、多“脏”，它们毕竟是原作的有机组成部分。在文学作品中，出自某些人物之口的诅语、粗话，正是他们心理活动、情绪变化的写照。也是作家借以表现人物性格的重要手段之一。 英文里最常见的诅语恐怕非“damn”一词莫属了。另外，“son of a bitch"也常用作骂人的话。对这些“老牌号”诅语，汉语里似乎已有相对固定的译法，前者多译作“该死”，后者常译为“婊子养的”或“狗狼养的”。有“老牌”就有“新秀”。发现，“shit”一词作为诅语，大有后来居上之势。在当代文学作品里，在人物的对话中，该词的出现频率相当高。不仅男人将其挂在嘴边，女流之辈也频频使用；不光成人说，小孩也会用；受过良好教育者时不时要用到，更不用说那些缺少修养的"大老粗”们了。凡是遇到不顺心的事，或表示厌烦、不满、困惑想发牢骚时，人们动不动就是“shit”。正因为该词可用来表示多种复杂的心态和情绪，在译成汉语时译者就得多一个心眼，不能把目光停留在英汉词典所列举的那么几个有限的选择上，而应根据上下文和其表达的不同含义，在汉语里挑选感情色彩相应或相当的同语加以表达。 请看下面的例句： 1．The telephone rang. “Shit，”Dale said. . “Don't answer it”，she whispered.
英语翻译方法：直译与意译 这里所讲翻译方法是指通过英、汉两种语言特点对比，分析其异同，阐述表达原文的一般规律。英、汉语结构有相同一面，汉译时可照译，即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容，又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。但这两种语言之间还有许多差别，如完全照译，势必出现“英化汉语”，这时就需要“意译”，在忠实原文内容前提下，摆脱原文结构束缚，使译文符合汉语规范。特别要注意是：“直译”不等于“死译”，“意译”也不等于“乱译”。试比较： 1、直译与死译 原文结构与汉语结构是一致，照译即可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致，仍然采取直译方法，就成“死译”了。如： ①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。（直译） ②、The earth acts like a big magnet．地球作用着像一块大磁铁。（死译） ③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。（死译） 例②、例③既不忠实原意，又不符合汉语表达方式。因此，必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词（语）序调整”等手段使译文通顺。例②、例③应分别译为：“地球作用像一块大磁铁。”…“锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。” 2、意译和乱译 只有在正确理解原文基础上，运用相应翻译方法以调整原文结构，用规范汉语加以表达，这才真正做到“意译”。翻译实践证明，大量英语句子汉译都要采取“意译法”。 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文，可以不分析原文结构，只看词面意义，自己编造句子，势必造成“乱译”。如： It is easy to compress a gas，it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape，but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.气体是很容易压缩，这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。（乱译） 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想（不正确选择词义、任意转换成分）造成。在这里，将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通，因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”，两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。 将will expand任意转换为时间状语，致使不符合原义。will expand and fill应译为“会扩张并充满”。综上所述，原译文可改为“气体很容易压缩，那只不过是缩小分子之间距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它容器。” 就翻译方法而论，总来说，就是“直译法和意译法相结合”，又可细分为“照译”、“词义引伸”、“成分转换”、“句转成分”等译法。 英语翻译训练方法-直译 直译是一种重要的翻译方法，它有不少优点，例如能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。据估算，大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理，所以直译广为译者采用，由此可见直译法之重要。但是，直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆，晦涩难懂，有时不能正确传达原文意义，有时甚至事与愿违。所以，如果不顾场合条件，不顾中外两种语言的差异，一味追求直译，就必然闯红灯，进入误区，造成误译。直译之所以有误区，是因为语言的形式与内容，句子的表层结构与深层意义有时不统一；另一方面，中外文化历史背景不同，造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译，指出过直译有局限性，但是直译到底有哪些局限性，它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区，明确这些误区，就要在翻译中避免一些错误，就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。 一、否定句型中的直译误区
英语励志短文及翻译 梦想是一个可以离我们很近，又很远的东西。下面是我为大家搜集整理出来的有关于英语励志短文及翻译，希望可以帮助到大家！ Today is an excellent day for small improvements. Whatever is working for you, find a way to improve it just a little. There’s no need to make a huge change, just a small one, something you can do right now. If you called just one additional customer each day, over the course of the next month you would talk to about 20 new people. If you learned just one more new word each day, in the next year you would increase your vocabulary by more than 300 words. Small improvements can add up over time into big accomplishments. Look around you. Consider the work you do each day. Think about how you could do it just a little bit better. In a marathon race, each step the winner takes is just a little bit longer and a little bit faster than each stride taken by the 100th place finisher. Yet over the course of the race, that small difference adds up in a big way. Do just a little bit more today, and tomorrow too, and each day after that. Anyone can make just a small improvement, and that can make a big, big difference. 翻译：再多一点点
Translation exercises A.Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1.I’ve read your articles and I expected to meet an older man. 2.The ship turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of water beside her. 3.To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 4.For White, to disclose his long-held privacy means to strike the heel of Achilles. 5.In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 6.Jefferson believed that the Baghdad Pact had already been reduced to less than a shadow. 7.We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where all can have equal opportunities. 8.Every time Robert visits me, one of my books disappears. I’m beginning to smell a rat. 9.We are very sorry to disappoint you, but hope you will understand that stock offers are a touch-and-go kind of things. 10. What sort of force does the sun exert on the planets which causes the planets to move according to the laws which Kepler has discovered. B.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese In 1776, Adam Smith, a Scottish economist, wrote the wealth of Nations, a book that has had an enormous influence on American economic development. Like many other thinkers, Smith believed that in a capitalist system people are naturally selfish and are moved to engage in manufacturing and trade in order to gain wealth and power. Smith’s originality was to argue that such activity is beneficial because it leads to increased production and sharpens competition. As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, Smith argued, “an invisible hand” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. And yet, American industrial development in the 19th century took a toll on working men and women. Factory owners often required them to put in long hours of low wages, provided them with unsafe and unhealthy workplaces, and hired the children of poor families. There was discrimination in hiring: African Americans and members of some immigrant groups were rejected or forced to work under highly unfavorable conditions.
励志英语文章及翻译 如果我们能够时常找一些带翻译的经典励志的英语文章来看看，也是挺好的，那么励志英语文章及翻译都有哪些呢?一起来看看吧。 To see the golden sun and the azure sky, the outstretched ocean, to walk upon the green earth, and to be lord of a thousand creatures, to look down giddy precipices or over distant flowery vales, to see the world spread out under one s finger in a map, to bring the stars near, to view the smallest insects in a microscope, to read history, and witness the revolutions of empires and the succession of generations, to hear of the glory of Simon and Tire, of Babylon and Susan, as of a faded pageant, and to say all these were, and are now nothing, to think that we exist in such a point of time ,and in such a corner of space, to be at once spectators and a part of the moving scene, to watch the return of the seasons, of spring and autumn, to hear--- The stock dove plain amid the forest deep, That drowsy rustles to the sighing gale. ---to traverse desert wilderness, to listen to the dungeon s gloom, or sit in crowded theatres and see life itself mocked, to feel heat and cold, pleasure and pain, right and wrong, truth and falsehood, to study the works of art and refine the sense of beauty to agony, to worship fame and to dream of immortality, to have read Shakespeare and Beloit to the same species as Sir Isaac Newton; to be and to do all this, and then in a moment to be nothing, to have it all snatched from one like a juggler s ball or a phantasmagoria [参考译文] 何为不朽--威廉赫兹里特 我们看到金色的太阳，蔚蓝的天空，广阔的海洋;我们漫步在绿油油的大地之上，做万物的主人;我们俯视令人目炫心悸的悬崖峭壁，远眺鲜花盛开的山谷;我们把地图摊开，任意指点全
Good morning，class. In the last period we have learned chapter one-General principles of translation. And we have studied two important points: Definition of translation and the competence of a translator. And I will check you in the next class. As what we have mentioned last period, the process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expression. (理解和表达) Generally speaking, comprehension is of foremost importance, and express is the natural consequence of thorough comprehension. However, in the practice of translation, we may find that now and then some words in their usual senses are very difficult to deal with because of the disparity between the English and the Chinese language. In this case, we have to resort to some special means of translation. Literal translation and free translation are two alternative approaches to tackle this problem. So, in this class, we are going to learn translation strategies in 1.4.1, literal translation and free translation. To begin with, what’s literal translation and free translation? Please open your books and turn to page 12. Literal translation Vs. Free translation 1. Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1). Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 直译把句子作为基本单位，同时在翻译的过程中也考虑整个文本。 2). Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 直译是要再现文本的中心内容和原文风格，并且尽可能保留原文的修辞。 2. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where really impossible for translators to do literal translation. 意译其实是直译的一种补充的翻译手段。意译就是尽可能传达原文的意思和精髓，
Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2015 Aspose Pty Ltd.英语励志短文带翻译 英语励志短文：A New Day （崭新的一天） The sun has begun to set and I hang up the smile I’ve worn all day, though I will make sure it is the first thing I put back on in the mo rning just in case it is “that day.” I want her to see me at my very best. 太阳将要下山，我收起挂了一天的微笑，不过我会确保明天早上第一件事就是将它又挂回去，以防这天就是“那一天”。我希望她看到我的最佳状态。 I do the normal routine, eat dinner, clean the house, write—the usual stuff. And then I lay down hoping to fall asleep quickly so my new day will hurry up and arrive. A new day with a brand new sun. But as I lay there and wait for the world to turn half way around, I think about her. And sometimes I smile, and sometimes that smile will turn into asnicker, and then often that snicker will turn into a burst of laughter. 我按平时的规律吃晚餐、打扫屋子、写作——做着日常事务。然后我躺下，希望能快点入睡，新的一天就能快点到来——拥有新生太阳的崭新的一天。可当我躺在那儿，等待着世界的日夜回转时，我想到了她。有时我会笑起来，有时那微笑变成了窃笑，然后窃笑又常常变成爆笑。 And then there are times I get that lump in my throat and that tight feeling in my chest, and sometimes that feeling overwhelms me and begins to turn into a tear, and often that tear multiplies itself and I can no longer fight the feeling and I lose the battle. Then somehow through either the joy or the sadness I drift and find myself asleep. Then the dreams begin and keep me company until my new day arrives. 也有些时候，我的喉咙像是被一块东西哽住了，胸口发闷;有时那种伤感席卷 而来，我开始流泪，眼泪常常越流越多，我再也无力抵抗悲伤，败下阵来。然后不知怎的，我在或喜悦或悲伤中飘荡，逐渐入眠。然后梦境开始伴我左右，直至新的一天到来。 When I awake it’s with such excitement because I tell m yself this could be the day that every other day has led up to and the first day of the rest of my life. I quickly don my smile because I do so want her to see me at my very best. Then I look out the window because, even though I know it’s dawn, I still have to confirm I’ve been given another chance to find her.
（一）确定主语, 调整语序。 英语为主语显著的语言, 主语突出, 除省略句以外, 一般情况下每个句子都有主语 句法重形合, 要求句子各成分特别清楚, 以免结构混乱, 影响句意。 而汉语则是主题显著的语言, 主题突出, 主语不突出; 句法重意合, 指代关系在形 式上不明显。在篇章中, 某些句子的主语常常可以省略, 有时必须省略;有些主语难以一眼看清, 需要读者用心识别。因而在英译汉过程中, 确定主语, 调整句序往往是一个需要动脑筋的问题。例如: （1）Nightfall found him manymiles short of his appointed preaching place. 这句话按原文的语序,Nightfall （夜幕）作主语, 按原语序照样翻译下去,译文会显得别扭, 不自然。按照汉语的语言习惯,应选用“他”作主语, 因而正确的翻译是: 夜幕降临时, 他离预定的布道地点还有好多英里路。又如: （2）As is known to all ,2003 saw the successful launching ofChina 's first manned spaceship. 这句话可译为: 众所周知, 中国在2003 年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。原文主语是“ 2003”, 但译文没有以“ 2003”作主语, 而以“中国”这一行为主体 作主语。用时间作主语是英语中较为常见的现象, 这种用法不仅强调了时间的观念, 而且也使句子简洁、生动。按照西方人的思维模式和英语表达习惯, 英语还可以用地点等名词作主语。如:Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. （在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。） 在英汉翻译过程中, 之所以产生这样的问题是因为英汉两种语言的语法结构、行文习惯、思维模式不同。英美人强调客观, 常用物、抽象概念、非人称it 作主语,让事物以客观的口气呈现出来, 使叙述显得公正、客观,结构趋于严密、紧凑, 语气较为委婉、间接。中国人有“天人合一”的观点, 强调人与自然浑然一体, 常用人作主语, 主语的思维模式往往是从自我出发来叙述客观事物,或倾向于描述人的行为或状态。英汉翻译时, 所确定的主语是否恰当, 必须考虑译文是否符合汉族人民的思维模式。例如: （3）Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. （这位曾使全世界人发出笑声的人自己却饱经辛酸。） （4）It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. （她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。） 例 3 英文用抽象名词bitterness 作主语, 汉语却用“这位曾使世界人发出笑声的人”作主语; 例 4 英文用形式主语it 作主语, 汉语用“她”作主语,看来似乎风马牛不相及, 其实这是中西方思维模式不同的缘故,例 4 意思是: 这种念头从来没有闪过她的脑际。原句当然可以说She has never thought that he is a dishonest man. 但
生活中绝对不该说的英文脏话
生活中绝对不该说的英文脏话 1. I'm so fed up with your BS. Cut the crap.我受够了你的废话,少说废话吧. 美女(美国的女人)是不喜欢说shit这个不雅的字的,所以她们就说shoot, 或是BS(=Bull shit)来表示她们还是很有气质的."Cut your crap."是当你听到对方废话连篇,讲个不停时,你就可以说, "Cut the crap."相当于中文里的废话少话. 不该说的英文脏话 2. Hey! wise up! 放聪明点好吗？ 当别人作了什么愚蠢的事时,你可以说, "Don't be stupid"或是"Don't besilly."但是这是非常不礼貌的说法.比较客气一点的说法就是, wiseup!它就相当于中文里的放聪明点.你也可以用坚酸刻薄的语气说. Wise up,please.然后故意把please的尾音拉得长长的. 也有人会说, Hey! grow up.意思就是你长大一点好不好?例如有人二十岁了却还不会自己补衣服,你就可以说Hey!grow up.这根wise up是不是也差不多呢?
不该说的英文脏话 4. You eat with that mouth? 你是用这张嘴吃饭的吗？ 别人对你说脏话,你就回敬他这一句,言下之意,就是你的嘴那么脏,你还用这张嘴吃饭.还有一种说法, "You kiss your Momma with that mouth?"就是说你也是用这脏嘴亲你***吗?所以下次记得如果有老美对你说脏话,记得不要再Fxxx回去,保持风度,说一句, "You eat with that mouth?"就扯平了 不该说的英文脏话 5. You are dead meat. 你死定了。 我们说你完蛋了,可以说"You are dead."或是像这样说"You are dead meat."意思都是一样的,比如说你跟别人说过不淮碰我的东西,但有人他就是老爱用你的东西,下次要是再被你抓到,你就可以说, "Youare dead meat."
浅谈英语翻译中的直 译和意译
浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译 一）、Literal translation 直译（异化法 foreignization ） Free translation 意译（归化法 domestication） 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同和差异，翻译时有时用直译，有时用意译。 （1）、直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. 直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位，把忠于原文形式放在第二位，要求在保持原文内容的前提下，力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。 直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 （1.1）直译的应用： （1.1.1）某些习语和短语的翻译，例如 cold war 冷战 hot line 热线 spicy girl 辣妹 black market 黑市 paper tiger纸老虎 Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水 The heart is seen in wine. 酒后吐真言 （1.1.2）含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等, 直译可以丰富译语语言。例如： A. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。 B. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.
励志英语短文带翻译 学习英语之余，看一些英语励志故事短文，既可以学习英语，有激励自己的意志，以下是小编分享给大家的关于励志英语短文带翻译，希望大家喜欢！ 励志英语短文带翻译1 Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young. 无论是60岁还是16岁，你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和追求事业成功的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底，有一座无线电台，它能在多长时间里接收到人间万物传递来的美好、希望、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息，你就会年轻多长时间。当明天变成了今天成为了昨天，最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天，我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走，这不是静止火车里，与相邻列车交错时，仿佛自己在前进的错觉，而是我们真实的在成长，在这件事里成了另一个自己。 When tomorrow turns in today, yesterday, and someday that no moreimportant in your memory, we suddenly realize that we
考研英语翻译中的语序调整
英语翻译中的语序调整 来源:智阅网 语序调整是翻译中最重要的方法之一，本文中，我们将为您详细解析翻译中的语序调整，希望对考生英语复习有所帮助。 (一) 确定主语,调整语序。 英语为主语显著的语言,主语突出,除省略句以外,一般情况下每个句子都有主语;句法重形合,要求句子各成分特别清楚,以免结构混乱,影响句意。 而汉语则是主题显著的语言,主题突出,主语不突出;句法重意合,指代关系在形式上不明显。在篇章中,某些句子的主语常常可以省略,有时必须省略;有些主语难以一眼看清,需要读者用心识别。因而在英译汉过程中,确定主语,调整句序往往是一个需要动脑筋的问题。例如: (1) Nightfall found him many miles short of his appointed preaching place. 这句话按原文的语序,Nightfall (夜幕) 作主语,按原语序照样翻译下去,译文会显得别扭,不自然。按照汉语的语言习惯,应选用“他”作主语,因而正确的翻译是:夜幕降临时,他离预定的布道地点还有好多英里路。又如: (2)As is known to all ,2003 saw the successful launching ofChina’s first manned spaceship. 这句话可译为:众所周知,中国在2003 年成功地发射了第一艘 载人宇宙飞船。原文主语是“2003”,但译文没有以“2003”作主语,而以“中国”这一行为主体作主语。用时间作主语是英语中较为常见的现象,这种用法不仅强调了时间的观念,而且也使句子简洁、生动。按照西方人的思维模式和英语表达习惯,英语还可以用地点等名词作主语。如:Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. (在
欧美电影中必然要了解的粗话、脏话.txt女人谨记：一定要吃好玩好睡好喝好。一旦累死了，就别的女人花咱的钱，住咱的房，睡咱的老公，泡咱的男朋友，还打咱的娃。一、优雅骂人 1. Stop complaining! 别发牢骚！ 2. You make me sick! 你真让我恶心！ 3. What’s wrong with you? 你怎么回事？ 4. You shouldn’t have done that! 你真不应该那样做! 5. You’re a jerk! 你是个废物/混球！ 6. Don’t talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话! 7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁？ 8. What’s your problem? 你怎么回事啊？ 9. I hate you! 我讨厌你！ 10. I don’t want to see your face! 我不愿再见到你！ 11. You’re crazy! 你疯了! 12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind? 你疯了吗？（美国人绝对常用！） 13. Don’t bother me. 别烦我。 14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。 15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失！ 16. Leave me alone. 走开。 17. Get lost.滚开！ 18. Take a hike! 哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。 19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。 20. It’s none of your business. 关你屁事！ 21. What’s the meaning of this? 这是什么意思？ 22. How dare you! 你敢！ 23. Cut it out. 省省吧。 24. You stupid jerk! 你这蠢猪！ 25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。 26. I’m fed up. 我厌倦了。 27. I can’t take it anymore. 我受不了了！（李阳老师常用） 28. I’ve had enough of your garbage. 我听腻了你的废话。 29. Shut up! 闭嘴！ 30. What do you want? 你想怎么样？ 31. Do you know what time it is? 你知道现在都几点吗？ 32. What were you thinking? 你脑子进水啊？ 33. How can you say that? 你怎么可以这样说？ 34. Who says? 谁说的？
短篇励志英语美文摘抄带翻译【三篇】 导读：本文短篇励志英语美文摘抄带翻译【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 短篇励志英语美文：A Better Tomorrow People often wonder why historians go to so much trouble to preserve millions of books, documents and records. Why do we have libraries? What good are these documents and history books? Why do we record and save the actions of men, the negotiations1 of government officials and the events during wars? We do it because, sometimes, the voice of experience can cause us to stop, look and listen. Sometimes, past records, when understood in the right way, can help us decide what to do and what not to do. If we are ever to create lasting peace, we must seek its origins in human experience and in the records of human history. From the stories of courage and devotion of men and women, we create the inspirations of youth. History records the suffering, the self-denial2, the devotion, and the heroic deeds of people in the past. These records can help us when we are confused and when we really need peace.
(一) 确定主语,调整语序。 英语为主语显著的语言,主语突出,除省略句以外,一般情况下每个句子都有主语;句法重形合,要求句子各成分特别清楚,以免结构混乱,影响句意。 而汉语则是主题显著的语言,主题突出,主语不突出;句法重意合,指代关系在形式上不明显。在篇章中,某些句子的主语常常可以省略,有时必须省略;有些主语难以一眼看清,需要读者用心识别。因而在英译汉过程中,确定主语,调整句序往往是一个需要动脑筋的问题。例如: (1) Nightfall found him many miles short of his appointed preaching place. 这句话按原文的语序,Nightfall (夜幕) 作主语,按原语序照样翻译下去,译文会显得别扭,不自然。按照汉语的语言习惯,应选用“他”作主语,因而正确的翻译是:夜幕降临时,他离预定的布道地点还有好多英里路。又如: (2)As is known to all ,2003 saw the successful launching ofChina’s first manned spaceship. 这句话可译为:众所周知,中国在2003 年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。原文主语是“2003”,但译文没有以“2003”作主语,而以“中国”这一行为主体作主语。用时间作主语是英语中较为常见的现象,这种用法不仅强调了时间的观念,而且也使句子简洁、生动。按照西方人的思维模式和英语表达习惯,英语还可以用地点等名词作主语。如:Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. (在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。) 在英汉翻译过程中,之所以产生这样的问题是因为英汉两种语言的语法结构、行文习惯、思维模式不同。英美人强调客观,常用物、抽象概念、非人称it 作主语,让事物以客观的口气呈现出来,使叙述显得公正、客观,结构趋于严密、紧凑,语气较为委婉、间接。中国人有“天人合一”的观点,强调人与自然浑然一体,常用人作主语,主语的思维模式往往是从自我出发来叙述客观事物,或倾向于描述人的行为或状态。英汉翻译时,所确定的主语是否恰当,必须考虑译文是否符合汉族人民的思维模式。例如: (3) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (这位曾使全世界人发出笑声的人自己却饱经辛酸。) (4) It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。) 例3 英文用抽象名词bitterness 作主语,汉语却用“这位曾使世界人发出笑声的人”作主语;例4 英文用形式主语it 作主语,汉语用“她”作主语,看来似乎风马牛不相及,其实这是中西方思维模式不同的缘故,例4 意思是:这种念头从 来没有闪过她的脑际。原句当然可以说She has never thought that he is a dishonest man. 但两相比较,前一句强调“他是个不诚实的人”是客观事实,字里行间显露出她对这事感到惊异,后一句只强调了主观印象。译文清楚明白地写出了“她”对“他为人不诚实”这一点的认识。 (二) 突出信息焦点,调整语序。 信息焦点即信息单位的焦点所在,是信息单位内在主重音或调核体现的一个或多个作为信息高峰值的单元。语言现象分析常用的方法是句子成分分析法,其实这远远不够,还要进行交际分析或实义分析, 即主述位分析。主位是陈述的对象(或称话题) ,是谈话的出发点,也是读者从上