2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语(新课标1)
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
21. — Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
— _______, madam. It's our soup of the day.
A. Let me see
B. So it is
C. Don't mention it
D. Neither do I
【答案】：A
【解析】：本题考查交际用语。
句意：“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”“让我看看，女士。这就是我们今天的汤。”
选项A适合用于此语境，可表示日常礼貌的交际表达；而选项B、C、D均不符合语境和句意要求。
22. They might just have a place _______ on the writing course — why don't you give it a try?
A. leave
B. left
C. leaving
D. to leave
【答案】：B
【解析】：本题考查非谓语动词。
句意：他们可能只保留了一个位置给写作课程——你为什么不试试看呢？
leave作动词讲，可表示“使保留，留下备用”，leave和place属于被动关系，故left作place 的后置定语，表示“剩下的位置，保留的位置”。
23. Try not to cough more than you can _______ since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A. check
B. allow
C. stop
D. help
【答案】：D
【解析】：本题考查固定用法。
句意：想咳就咳出来吧，不要忍着，因为这可能引发你的肺部疾病。
sb. can not help表示“某人忍不住（或无法抑制）”，本句将not前置了，故答案为help。
24. If we _______ now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.
【答案】：C
【解析】：本题考查if引导的现在真实条件句。
句意：如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境的话，我们将抱憾终身。
if引导的现在真实条件句的结构为：主将从现（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）。本题中，主句为we'll live，从句应为don't act，一般现在时的否定形式，故答案为选项C。
25. Tony can hardly boil an egg, still _______ cook dinner.
A. less
B. little
C. much
D. more
【答案】：A
【解析】：本题考查固定用法。
句意：托尼连煮鸡蛋都不太会，就更不用说做饭了。
still less为固定短语，表示“更不用说，更何况”。
26. Police have found _______ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. what
【答案】：D
【解析】：本题考查what引导宾语从句。
句意：警方已锁定了那个可能是遗失的古雕像。
found后接宾语从句，从句中appears to缺少主语成分，所以应该选一个连接代词引导宾语从句，故排除选项B和C；what可以引导宾语从句，在本句中既可作found的宾语，又可作从句的主语，选项A不符合题意，故本题答案为选项D。
27. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I _______ my mind.
A. have changed
B. change
C. had changed
D. would change
【答案】：A
【解析】：本题考查现在完成时。
句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩时，我不怎么喜欢他，但我已经改变我对他的看法了。
现在完成时表示动作从过去一个不确定的时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且将来有可能继续下去（也可能到此结束），强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时have changed 对现在造成的影响就是我改变了对Bryan的看法。
_______.
A. not to do
B. not to
C. not do
D. do not
【答案】：B
【解析】：本题考查动词不定式。
句意：司机想靠路边停车，但警察不让他这么做。
ask sb. (not) to do sth.表示“要求某人做（不要做）某事”，本题中，was asked用于被动语态，不定式to后的成分可省略，以避免和前面的动词park重复。
29. The door _______ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
【答案】：B
【解析】：本题考查情态动词。
句意：不管她怎么用力推门，都无法打开这扇门。
couldn't表示“不能，无法”，其余三项均不符合句意要求。
30. At the last moment, Tom decided to _______ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A. put up
B. put in
C. put on
D. put off
【答案】：B
【解析】：本题考查动词短语辨析。
句意：在最后时刻，汤姆决定增加一个新角色使故事显得更真实一些。
put up 提出；提升，使升高；
put in 把……写进（信函，故事等）；
put on 饰演，上演；穿，戴；
put off 下车；脱掉；推迟，延迟；
综上所述，只有选项B符合句意要求。
31. India attained _______ independence in 1947, after _______ long struggle.
A. 不填; a
B. the; a
C. an; 不填
D. an;
【答案】：A
【解析】：本题考查定冠词和不定冠词。
句意：经过一段漫长的斗争，印度于1947年实现了独立。
independence是不可数名词，故可排除选项C和D。independence前不需加定冠词the特指，“实现独立”的表达为attain independence。
32. There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _______ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A. since
B. if
C. as
D. while
【答案】：D
【解析】：本题考查连词while。
句意：人们无法解释为什么有人能做出重大发现，然而同样聪明的另一个人却失败了。
通过句意可知，本题想要表达的是一个转折关系，while作连词讲，可表示“（对比两件事或两个人）而，然而”；since意为“因为，由于”；if意为“如果”；as意为“当……时；因为；尽管”，故本题答案为选项D。
33. "You can't judge a book by its cover," _______.
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
【答案】：C
【解析】：本题考查固定用法。
句意：古人云“你不能根据封面来评价一本书”。
as the old saying goes为固定表达，意为“古人云，俗话说，正如古话所说”。
34. It was a real race _______ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
A. over
B. by
C. for
D. against
【答案】：D
【解析】：本题考查介词。
句意：我们要像真正在比赛一样争分夺秒地完成该项目。幸运的是，我们做到了。
over prep. 在……的上方；在……期间；遍及；
by prep. 靠近；通过，经由；
for prep.（表示对象、用途等）给，对，供；为了；关于；
against prep. 逆，对抗；反对；与……相反；
综上所述，只有选项D符合句意要求。
35. The sunlight is white and blinding, _______ hard-edged shadows on the ground.
A. throwing
B. being thrown
C. to throw
D. to be thrown
【答案】：A
【解析】：本题考查非谓语动词。
句意：阳光明媚而刺眼，在地面上投下了轮廓鲜明的影子。
throw表示“照射（光线），投射（阴影）”，throw和sunlight属于主动关系，故可排除选项B 和D；不定式表示目的，所以to throw不符合句意要求。
第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “37 a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, 38 , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩).
Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary (临时的) 46 .
I tried to find a 47 position and thought it might be restful, 48 kind of nice, to be 49 around for a while. Looking around, I 50 I would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I 51 the heavy wheels. I came to know
that controlling the 52 of the wheelchair is not going to be a (an) 53 task.
My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.
36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with
37. A. cure B. prevent C. adopt D. analyze
38. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me
39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing
40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting
41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight
42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped
43. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles
44. A. place B. action C. play D. effect
45. A. operation B. communication C. transportation D. production
46. A. exploration B. education C. experiment D. entertainment
47. A. flexible B. safe C. starting D. comfortable
48. A. yet B. just C. still D. even
49. A. shown B. pushed C. driven D. guided
50. A. realized B. suggested C. agreed D. admitted
51. A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized
52. A. path B. position C. direction D. way
53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra
54. A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished
55. A. weaknesses B. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses
答案：36-40 CCDAB 41-45 DABAC 46-50 CDBBA 51-55 BCADB
总评：这是一篇讲述作者通过使用轮椅，体验残疾人生活的记叙文。话题是考生比较熟悉的关爱残疾人的问题。
36. 答案：C
【解析】本题考查词组辨析。curious about “对……感到好奇”；interested in “对……有兴趣”；aware of“知道，意识到，关心”；careful with“小心……”；根据上下文可知，这个小组活动的目的是让我们对残疾人面对的问题更加的了解和关心。选项C符合题意。
37. 答案：C
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。cure“治愈”；prevent“防止，预防”；adopt“采用，挑选”；analyze“分析”；disability前面有不定冠词a修饰，表示“某一方面的残疾”，结合上下文可知本句在具体解释前面提到的小组活动的内容，即“让我们挑选一个残疾方面，在周日体验几个小时”。
38. 答案：D
【解析】本题考查上下文语义。instead“反而，却”；strangely“奇怪地”；as usual“像平常一样”；like me“像我一样”；前面提到每个人都需要选择一个项目，有些人选择了轮椅，有些人选择了耳塞或眼罩。从下文可知，我也是选择了轮椅，所以答案选D。
39. 答案：A
【解析】本题考查learning“学习，了解”；working“工作上的，起作用的”；satisfying“令人满意的”；relaxing“使人放松的”；仅仅是坐在轮椅中都是一个学习了解的过程。
40. 答案：B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。convenient“方便的”；awkward“笨拙的，难操纵的”；boring“枯燥的”；exciting“令人激动的，使人兴奋的”；从下文可以知道，作者在操作轮椅时频频出错，所以轮椅对他来说应是很难操纵，所以，答案选B。
41. 答案：D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。height“高度”；force“力；权力；暴力”；skill“技巧”；weight“重量，体重”；force一般强调用个人意志发出的力量，而weight指客观重量。本句意为“我一坐上去，我身体的重量就使轮椅开始转起来。”
42. 答案：A
本题考查动词辨析。lock“锁，上锁”；repair“修理”；power“充电”；grasp“抓紧，抓牢”；前面
提到一坐上去，轮椅就转了起来，由此可知轮子是没有上锁的。
43. 答案：B
【解析】本题考查上下文语义。从下文的footrest可知，这里作者应该是不知道把脚搁在哪里。
44. 答案：A
【解析】本题考查词组搭配。get sth. into place意为“使……就位，准备就绪”。
45. 答案：C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。operation“操作”；communication“交流，通讯”；transportation“交通工具”；production“生产”；文章第一段提到作者会在轮椅中体验好几个小时，从空格后面的for several hours可知，这里作者看的是轮椅，而轮椅是一种交通工具，所以答案选C。
46. 答案：C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。exploration“探险，探索”；education“教育”；experiment“尝试，试验”；entertainment“娱乐”；显然，对于残疾人来说，坐轮椅不是一次临时的尝试。
47. 答案：D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。flexible“灵活的”；safe“安全的”；starting“开始的”；comfortable“舒服的”；此处意为“我试着去找一个比较舒服的姿势。
48. 答案：B
49. 答案：B
50. 答案：A
【解析】48、49、50可以连起来判断答案。从下文“环顾四周，我才意识到我要自己推这个轮椅！”从作者的感叹语气可以推断，作者一开始还以为会有人来带着他到处走走，所以觉得这样很不错。48题选B，此处just意为“真正地，实在，的确”，后面常接形容词，用于口语中。这是一道比较难的题目。49题选B，be pushed around表示“被别人推着到处转转”。50题选A，realize“意识到”。
51. 答案：B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。lift“举起来”；turn“转动”；press“按压”；seize“抓住”，作者是坐在轮椅上，所以这里应该是转动轮椅，答案选B。
52. 答案：C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。path“小路”；position“位置”；direction“方向”；way“路，路线”；这里应该是控制轮椅的方向，答案选C。
53. 答案：A
【解析】本题考查上下文语义。前面提到“在转动轮椅的时候，我的手开始痛起来”，由此可知，控制轮椅的方向并不是一件轻松活，答案选A。
54. 答案：D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。forget“遗忘，忘记”；repeat“重复”；conduct“管理，引导，指挥”；finish“结束”。首先可以排除B、C选项，从后面一句“它给我留下来深刻的印象”可知，作者并没有很快就忘记这次坐轮椅之旅，所以可以排除A项。
55. 答案：B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。weakness“弱点，缺点”；challenge“挑战”；anxiety“焦虑，担心”；illness“病，疾病”；从最后的overcome可知，这里应该是克服“挑战”。
第三部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. T ake my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged-okay, ordered-them to wait it out at the airport, to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?
Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal
is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I've made living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.
56. Why did Delta give the author's family credits?
A. They took a later flight.
B. They had early bookings.
C. Their flight had been delayed.
D. Their flight had been cancelled.
57. What can we learn about the author?
A. She rarely misses a good deal.
B. She seldom makes a compromise.
C. She is very strict with her children.
D. She is interested in cheap products.
58. What does the author do?
A. She's a teacher.
B. She's a housewife.
C. She's a media person.
D. She's a businesswoman.
59. What does the author want to tell us?
A. How to expose bad tricks.
B. How to reserve airline seats.
C. How to spend money wisely.
D. How to make a business deal.
【总评】这篇文章讨论的是如何节约用钱，以及如何花钱才能物有所值。开篇引入话题save money，接下来以自己乘飞机的亲身经历来阐述。接下来再提到自己这种像是“把钱花在刀刃上”的生活方式，也成就了自己的工作。
56. A. They took a later flight.
【解析】细节题。由Delta定位到第一段，The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.可知，因为航班超额预定，航空公司不得不取消我们的座位，让我们乘坐第二天的航班，正因为此，他们为我们提供了补贴。由此可知，正确答案为A。
57. A. She rarely misses a good deal.
【解析】细节题。由文中第三段And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.可知，如今几乎没有人负担得起拒绝一个好的交易，而从作者之前的经历来看，她也甚至钱的价值，所以正确答案为A。
58. C. She's a media person.
【解析】细节题。由关键词consumer reporter定位文章第四段。I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books…作者是美国广播公司今日秀节目的记者，并且写过一些书。由此可知，作者是个媒体人。因此，正确答案为C。
59. C. How to spend money wisely.
【解析】主旨题。由关键词getting your money worth定位文章最后一段。I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.把钱花在恰当的地方，让物有所值，不是什么害臊的事。由此可知，本文主要告诉我们该如何明智的花钱。因此，正确答案为C。
B
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two
black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
60. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s__.
A. sense of hearing.
B. sense of sight.
C. sense of touch.
D. sense of smell.
61.Babies are sensitive to the change in______.
A. the size of cards.
B. the colour of pictures.
C. the shape of patterns.
D. the number of objects.
62.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies’ interest.
63.Where does this text probably come from?
A. Science fiction.
B. Children’s literature.
C. An advertisement.
D.A science report.
【总评】本篇文章为科技文。文章主要围绕婴儿视觉实验而展开研究。先是用有不同数字黑点的纸板测孩子的视觉反应，接下来是加入鼓声作为背景进一步研究婴儿对数字的视觉敏感。
60.B. sense of sight.
【解析】细节题。第一段中She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.婴儿仔细盯着白板上的两个黑点看。然后纸板交换，婴儿视觉开始不能聚焦核心，换成3个黑点时，婴儿又开始集中注视了。由此可知，该实验是研究婴儿的视觉。因此，正确答案为B。
61.D.the number of objects.
【解析】细节题。还是看第一段，As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.卡片改变时，直到出现3个黑点纸板时，婴儿又开始集中注视了。由此可知，婴儿对于有不同数目黑点的纸板比较敏感。因此，正确答案为D。
62.C.To carry their experiment further.
【解析】推理题。由关键词drumbeats定位文章第二段。The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.测验效果在不同感
官间交叉。与听到两声鼓声相比，当听到三声鼓声的时候婴儿看着两个点会变得更兴奋。由此可知，鼓声是一个背景，测试的还是婴儿听不同次数鼓声时对看到的纸板数字的反应。因此，正确答案为C。
63.D.A science report.
【解析】推测题。由文中第一段出现researcher,以及第二段中出现experiment，可以推测。该文是一篇科技报道。因此，正确答案为D。
C
It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly（精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either) and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth!
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
64. How did the author find his friend a book liar?
A. By judging his manner of speaking.
B. By looking into his background.
C. By mentioning a famous name.
D. By discussing the book itself.
65. Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?
A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C. The author admitted having read 9 books.
D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
66. By lying about reading, a person hopes to .
A. control the conversation
B. appear knowledgeable
C. learn about the book
D. make more friends
67. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?
A. Favorable.
B. Uncaring
C. Doubtful
D. Friendly
【总评】这是一篇讨论“读书谎言”的文章，话题比较贴近考生的生活。由作者发现一个朋友撒谎说读过Barack Obama的Dreams From My Father，引入话题。进而用数据说明了，撒谎人数之多，有2/3的人曾撒谎说读过某本书。文章第四段提及，撒谎的主要原因是想要给别人留下好印象。最后一段列举了当今人们最喜欢的作家，作者还表达了对会提前看结局的人数的质疑。
64. D. By discussing the book itself.
【解析】细节题。由关键词find his friend a book liar定位至文章第一段。由“However, he then
went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.”可知，作者发现朋友撒谎，是因为朋友对此书的深入讨论暴露了他对奥巴马背景的无知，因此，正确答案为D。
65. B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
【解析】推理题。由关键词guilty secret定位至文章第二段。由“But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.”，结合上文“The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading”可推测出，有42%的人撒谎说读过1984，因此，正确答案为B。
66. D. make more friends
【解析】细节题。由题干By lying about reading, a person hopes to定位至文章第四段。由“Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to ‘impress’ someone they were speaking to.”可知，大多说人撒谎是想要给别人留下好印象，从而结交更多朋友，因此，正确答案为D。
67. C. Doubtful
【解析】态度题。由关键词58% of readers定位至文章第五段。由“I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知，作者对这58%的人表示怀疑，因此，正确答案为D。
D
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10anm to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).
68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?
A．The 13th
B．The 17th
C．The 18th
D．The 20th
69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?
A．In the East Wing.
B．In the main West Wing.
C．In the Sainsbury Wing.
D．In the North Wing.
70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?
A．Piccadilly Circus.
B．Leicester Square.
C．Embankment.
D．Charing Cross.
【总评】这是一篇关于The National Gallery，英国国家美术馆的参观指南。文章对国家美术馆的藏品、布局、开放时间及周边交通作了介绍。
68. A. The 13th
【解析】细节题。由religious paintings定位至Description部分。由“ranging from 13th-century religious paintings”可知，宗教绘画是13世纪的藏品，因此，正确答案为A。
69. B. In the main West Wing.
【解析】细节题。由Leonardo da Vinci定位至Layout部分。由“The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci…”可知，Leonardo da Vinci的作品在the main West Wing展出，因此，正确答案为B。
70. D. Charing Cross.
【解析】细节题。由underground station定位至Getting There部分。由此段可知，从Charing Cross至美术馆走路只需两分钟，因此，正确答案为D。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项。
Business is organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润) —that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. __71__Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business.__73__One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting __74__The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority.__75__
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【解析】
本文是一篇讨论商务和商务管理的说明文。虽然看似有很多专业术语，但是根据我们常说的“指路词”，以及对上下文的推理，其实要做出正确答案并不难，可谓是难度中等。
文章第一段描述了business的两个含义：一是提供顾客所要商品和服务的方法；二是提供这些商品和服务的组织。
文展第二段则细述了商务管理是用来描述计划、指导以及控制公司运作技巧的术语，并在下文中对这三方面进行了一一阐述。
71. D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
【解析】推理题。本题的后一句出现了一个新名词nonprofits（非盈利），而前文的内容是在说大多数企业都在寻求利润，那这里语义的突然变化就提示了我们空格处所填内容应该与seek to make a profit（寻求利益）语义相反，而与nonprofit相同，因为只有这样才能自然的引出下文。纵观选项，只有答案D出现了however，表示语义的转折，所以正确答案为D。
72.C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
【解析】推理题。根据文意，前文提到的these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers中的these organizations实指non profits organizations，所以此处72题的内容应该是对nongovernmental service providers（非政府服务提供商）的进一步解释。
纵观选项，只有答案C是在举例子，而且也出现了关键词nonprofit，所以正确答案为C。
73.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【解析】推理题。这道题的解题方法就是我们说的充分利用“指路词”。下文中出现了One is...，The third relates...，可见本空是个总起句，概括了什么东西包含有三个方面。纵观选项，只有答案G出现了three，且主语planning正好复现了第二段首句出现的techniques of planning，所以正确答案为G。
74. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
【解析】推理题。还是依靠“指路词”，文中出现过了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面。纵观选项，只有答案E出现了the second，所以答案为E。
75. A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
【解析】推理题。观察第二段可知，商务管理中涉及的techniques of planning, direction均已经提到，只差最后一个control（控制）还未提及，所以本空一定和control有关。纵观选项，只有答案A出现了关键词control，所以答案为A。
第Ⅱ卷
第四部分写作（共两页，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌中间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处叫个娄子符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and singhold
old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me
2013 年高考理科数学新课标1 卷解析版 一、选择题（题型注释） 1．已知集合 A=｛x|x 2－2x ＞0｝，B=｛x| － 5 ＜x ＜ 5｝，则 ( ) A 、A ∩B= B 、 A B=R C 、B A D 、A B 【答案】 B ； 【解析】依题意A x x 0或x 2 ，由数轴可知，选 B. 【考点定位】 本题考查集合的基本运算，考查学生数形结合的能力 . 2．若复数 z 满足(3 －4i)z ＝|4 ＋ 3i | ，则 z 的虚部为 ( ) A 、－ 4 （ B ）－ 【答案】 D ； 4 5 （ C ）4 （D ） 4 5 【 解 析 】设z a bi ， 故 ( 3 i 4 )a( b i ) 3a 3b i 4a i 4b 4， 所3i 以 3b 4a 0 3a 4b 5 ，解得 4 b . 5 【考点定位】 本题考查复数的基本运算，考查学生的基本运算能力 . 3．为了解某地区的中小学生视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调 查，事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男 女生视力情况差异不大，在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是( ) A 、简单随机抽样 B 、按性别分层抽样 C 、按学段分层抽样 D 、系统抽样 【答案】 C ； 【解析】不同的学段在视力状况上有所差异，所以应该按照年段分层抽样 . 【考点定位】 本题考查随机抽样，考查学生对概念的理解 . 4．已知双曲线 C: 2 x 2 a － 2 y 2 b ＝1(a ＞0， b ＞0) 的离心率为 5 2 ，则 C 的渐近线方程为 ( ) A 、y=± 1 4 x （B ）y=± 1 3 x （C ）y=± 1 2 x （ D ）y=±x 【答案】 C ； 【 解 析 】 e 2 2 c b 1 a a 5 2 ， 故 2 b 2 a 1 4 ， 即 b a 1 2 ， 故 渐 近 线 方 程 为 b 1 y x x . a 2 【考点定位】 本题考查双曲线的基本性质，考查学生的化归与转化能力 . 5．执行右面的程序框图，如果输入的 t ∈[ －1，3] ，则输出的 s 属于 ( )
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(试题类型：B) 英语(新课标) 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。第I卷1至13页，第II卷14至16页。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。 3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 4. 第I卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Take photos. B. Buy a camera. C. Help the woman. 2. What are the speakers talking about> A. A noisy night. B. Their life in town. C. A place of living. 3. Where is the man now? A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home 4. What will Celia do? A. Find a player. B. Watch a game. C. Play basketball. 5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?
绝密★启封并使用完毕前 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至10页。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置。 3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效。 4. 考试结束，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷阅读题 甲必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题 老子其人其书的时代，自司马迁《史记》以来只有异说，清代学者崇尚考据，对此议论纷纷，如汪中作《老子考异》，力主老子为战国时人，益启争端。钱穆先生说：“老子伪迹不彰，真相大白，则先秦诸子学术思想之系统条贯始终不明，其源流派别终无可言.”大家都期待这个问题有新的解决线索. 过去对于古书真伪及年代的讨论，只能以材料证明纸上材料，没有其它的衡量标准，因而难有定论。用来印证《老子》的古书，大多收到辨伪家的怀疑，年代确不可移的，恐怕要数到《林非子》。《吕氏春秋》和《淮南子》，但这几木书戍书太晚，没有多少作用.近年战国秦汉简帛侠籍大黄出上，为学术界提供了许多前所未见的地下材料，这使我们有可能重新考虑《老子》的时代问题。 1973牛长沙马王堆三亏汉基出土的串书，内有《老子》两种版本，甲本字体比较早，不避汉高祖讳，应抄写于高祖即帝位前，乙本避高祖讳，可以抄写于文帝初。这两本《老子》抄写年代都晚，无益于《老子》著作年代的推定，但乙本前面有《黄帝书》四篇，系。黄”、“老”合抄之本，则从根本上改变了学术界对早期道家的认识。 郭沐若先生曾指出，道家都是以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归，故也可称之为黄老学派.《老子》和《黄帝书》是道家的经典，在汉初被妙写在《老子》前面的《黄帝书》显然在当时公众心
2013年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标I） 听力试题 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. ￡ 19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C. 1. What does the man want to do? A. Take photos. B. Buy a camera. C. Help the woman. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. A noisy night. B. Their life in town. C. A place of living. 3. Where is the man now? A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home 4. What will Celia do? A. Find a player. B. Watch a game. C. Play basketball. 5. What day is it when the conversation takes place? A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday. 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
绝密★启用前 2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文（新课标1） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。 气候正义是环境正义在气候变化领域的具体发展和体现。2000年前后，一些非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神。开始对气候变化的影响进行伦理审视，气候正义便应运而生。气候正义关注的核心主要是在气候容量有限的前提下，如何界定各方的权利和义务，主要表现为一种社会正义或法律正义。 从空间维度来看，气候正义涉及不同国家和地区之间公平享有气候容量的问题，也涉及一国内部不同区域之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在气候变化的国际公平和国内公平问题，公平原则应以满足人的基本需求作为首要目标，每个人都有义务将自己的“碳足迹”控制在合理范围之内。比如说，鉴于全球排放空间有限，而发达国家已实现工业化，在分配排放空间时，就应首先满足发展中国家在衣食住行和公共基础设施建设等方面的基本发展需求，同时遏制在满足基本需求之上的奢侈排放。 从时间维度上来看，气候正义涉及当代人与后代之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在代际权利义务关系问题。这一权利义务关系，从消极方面看，体现为当代人如何约束自己的行为来保护地球气候系统，以将同等质量的气候系统交给后代；从积极方面看，体现为当代人为自己及后代设定义务，就代际公平而言，地球上的自然资源在代际分配问题上应实现代际共享，避免“生态赤字”。因为，地球这个行星上的自然资源包括气候资源，是人类所有成员，包括上一代、这一代和下一代，共同享有和掌管的。我们这一代既是受益人，有权使用并受益于地球，又是受托人，为下一代掌管地球。我们作为地球的受托管理人，对子孙后代负有道德义务。实际上，气候变化公约或协定把长期目标设定为保护气候系统免受人为原因引起的温室气体排放导致的干扰，其目的正是为了保护地球气候系统，这是符合后代利益的。至少从我们当代人已有的科学认识来看，气候正义的本质是为了保护后代的利益，而非为其设定义务。 总之，气候正义既有空间的维度，也有时间的维度，既涉及国际公平和国内公平，也涉及代际公平和代内公平。因此，气候正义的内涵是：所有国家、地区和个人都有平等地使用、享受气候容量的权利，也应公平地分担稳定气候系统的义务和成本。 （摘编自曹明德《中国参与国际气候治理的法律立场和策略：以气候正义为视角》）
2013年高考真题----文科综合（全国卷Ⅰ）地理部分 第Ⅰ卷 哥伦比亚已经成为世界重要的鲜切花生产国。读图1，完成1-3题。 1.每年的情人节（2月14日），在美国销售的鲜切玫瑰花多来自哥伦比亚。与美国相比，在此期间，哥伦比亚生产鲜切玫瑰花的优势自然条件是（） A.地形较平 B.降水较丰沛 C.气温较高 D.土壤较肥沃 2.哥伦比亚向美国运送鲜切玫瑰花宜采用（） A.公路运输 B.铁路运输 C.航空运输 D.海洋运输 3.目前，墨西哥已成为哥伦比亚在美国鲜切花市场的竞争对手，与哥伦比亚相比，墨西哥开拓美国鲜切花市场的优势在于（） A.运费低 B.热量足 C.技术高 D.品种全 图2为45?N附近某区域的遥感影像，共中深色部分为植被覆盖区，浅色部分为高原荒漠区；终年冰雪覆盖的山峰海拔3424米，距海约180千米.读图2.完成4－6题。 4.导致图示区域内降水差异的主导因素是（） A.大气环流 B.地形 C.纬度位置 D.洋流 5.该区域位于（） A.亚欧大陆太平洋沿岸地区 B.亚欧大陆大西洋沿岸地区 C.北美洲大西洋沿岸地区 D.北美洲太平洋沿岸地区 6.该区域中山脉西坡山麓的自然植被属于（） A.常绿阔叶林 B.常绿硬叶林 C.针阔叶混交林 D.草原 图3示意某城市20世纪80年代和90 年代平均人口年变化率，当前该城市中人口约1300万。据此完成7－8题。
7.20世纪90年代和80年代相比，该城市（） A.总人口增长速度加快 B.总人口减少 C.人口自然增长率降低 D.人口净迁入量减少 8.该城市所在的国家可能是（） A.美国 B.日本 C.俄罗斯 D.德国 图4示意我国某地14日6时气压形式，L为低压，图中天气系统以200千米/天的速度东移。读图，完成9-11题 9.图中甲地14日6-9时的风向为( ) A.偏东风 B.偏南风 C.东北风 D.西北风 10.气象部门发布了暴雨预报，甲地暴雨开始的时间约为( ) A.14日14时 B.14 日19时 C.15日4时 D.15 日11时 11.该地区及图示气压形式出现的月份可能为( ) A.华北平原，3、4月份 B.四川盆地，1、2月份 C.黄土高原，10、11月份 D.东南丘陵，4、5月份 第Ⅰ卷 36.（22分）阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。 居住在成都的小明和小亮在“寻找最佳避寒地”的课外研究中发现，有“百里钢城”之称的攀枝花1月平均气温达13.6℃（昆明为7.7℃，成都为5.5℃），是长江流域冬季的“温暖之都”。 图7a攀枝花在我国西南地区的位置图7b攀枝花周边地形。
绝密★启用前 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅱ卷) 英语 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1.答第Ⅰ卷时，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在试卷上，否则无效。 第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是B。 【2013新课标II卷】1．--I'm sorry I made a mistake! -- Nobody is perfect. A. Take your time B. You're right C. Whatever you say D. Take it easy 【答案】D 【解析】考查交际用语。根据后句“人无完人”可知，前一个人犯错误了，应叫他take it easy（放松）。 【2013新课标II卷】2. Would you like to with us to the film tonight? A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据句意，与我们一道去看电影，故选A。come along with…与…一道。 【2013新课标II卷】3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didn't want to spend all day with her.
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语新课标卷 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力 1.What does the man want to do? A. Take photos. B. Buy a camera. C. Help the woman. 2.What are the speakers talking about？ A.A noisy night B. Their life in town C.A place of living. 3．Where is the man now? A．On his way. B．In a restaurant. C．At home 4．What will Celia do? A．Find a player. B．Watch a game. C．Play basketball. 5．What day is it when the conversation takes place? A．Saturday. B．Sunday. C．Monday. 听第6段材料，回答6、7题。 6．What is Sara going to do? A．Buy John a gift. B．Give John a surprise C．Invite John to France. 7．What does the man think of Sara’s plan? A．Funny. B．Exciting. C．Strange. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does Diana say sorry to peter? A．She has to give up her travel pan. B．She wants to visit another city. C．She needs to put off her test. 9.What does Diana want Peter to do? A.Help her with her study. B.Take a book to her friend. C.Teach a geography lesson. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.Why does the man call the woman? A.To tell her about her new job. B.To ask about her job program.
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 注意事项： 1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读（36分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。 诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观，在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。一般而言，“照着讲”，主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂，等等。这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力内容，从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。 与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程，中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。 “照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。从逻辑上说，任何新思想的形成，都不能从“无”开始，它总是基于既有思想演进过程，并需要对既有思想范围进行反思批判。“照着讲”
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文新课标1卷 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读。（36分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观，在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。一般而言，“照着讲”，主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂，等等。这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力内容，从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。 与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程，中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（试题类型：B） 英语(新课标山西卷) 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。第I卷1至13页，第II卷14至16页。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。 3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 4. 第I卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Take photos. B. Buy a camera. C. Help the woman. 2. What are the speakers talking about> A. A noisy night. B. Their life in town. C. A place of living. 3. Where is the man now? A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home 4. What will Celia do? A. Find a player. B. Watch a game. C. Play basketball. 5. What day is it when the conversation takes place? A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday. 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6、7题。 6. What is Sara going to do? A. Buy John a gift. B. Give John a surprise. C. Invite John to France. 7. What does the man think of Sara’s plan? A. Funny. B. Exciting. C. Strange. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why does Diana say sorry to peter? A. She has to give up her travel pan. B. She wants to visit another city. C. She needs to put off her test. 9. What does Diana want Peter to do? A. Help her with her study. B. Take a book to her friend. C. Teach a geography lesson. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man call the woman? A. To tell her about her new job.
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标1英语 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A March6 EyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshadmanyislands.Mirandahasund ertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest. Online More LondonCanalMuseum 12-13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT Tel:020
21.WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley? A.February6th. B.March6th. C.November7th. D.December5th. 22.WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary? A.TheCanalPioneers. B.IcefortheMetropolis C.EyotsandAits-ThamesIslands D.AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals 23.WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames. A.MirandaVickers B.MalcolmTucker C.ChrisLewis D.LizPayne 21.C二句 日期 22.D一句 可23.A可以 素 sotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall. Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7:00amto1p.m,raino rshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries,thered-painteds idesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredto matoes. Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I’verefusedtobuywintertomatoesf oryears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthe
2013年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试数学理工农医类 (全国新课标卷Ｉ） 一、选择题:本大题共1２小题，每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1．(2013课标全国Ⅰ,理1)已知集合A =｛x |x 2 －２x ＞0},B ={x |-5＜x <5}，则（ ). A ．A ∩Ｂ= B.A ∪B ＝R C ．B ?A D.A ?B 2．(2013课标全国Ⅰ，理2)若复数z 满足(3－４i)z ＝｜４＋3i ｜,则z 的虚部为（ ). A ．－4 B.45- C ．４ Ｄ.4 5 3.(2０13课标全国Ⅰ，理3)为了解某地区的中小学生的视力情况，拟从该地区的中小学生中抽取部分学生进行调查,事先已了解到该地区小学、初中、高中三个学段学生的视力情况有较大差异，而男女生视力情况差异不大．在下面的抽样方法中，最合理的抽样方法是( ). A ．简单随机抽样 B.按性别分层抽样 Ｃ．按学段分层抽样 D.系统抽样 ４.(2013课标全国Ⅰ,理4)已知双曲线Ｃ:2222=1x y a b -(a >0,b ＞０)的离心率为52,则C 的渐近线方程为( ). A.y ＝14x ± B ．y=13x ± C ．y ＝12x ± D.y=±x 5.(20１3课标全国Ⅰ，理5)执行下面的程序框图,如果输入的t ∈［－1,3]，则输出 的s 属于( ). A.［-3,4] B.［－5，２] C.[－４,３] D ．[－2,５］ 6.(２013课标全国Ⅰ,理6）如图,有一个水平放置的透明无盖的正方体容器，容器高8 c ｍ,将一个球放在容器口，再向容器内注水，当球面恰好接触水面时测得水深为６ ｃm ，如果不计容器的厚度,则球的体积为( )． Ａ．500π3ｃm3 Ｂ．866π 3cm ３ C ．1372π3ｃｍ3 Ｄ．2048π 3cm3 7．(20１3课标全国Ⅰ,理7)设等差数列{a n }的前ｎ项和为S n ,若S m －1=-2,S m =0，S m ＋1＝3,则m =( ). A.3 B ．４ C ．５ D.6 8．(2０13课标全国Ⅰ，理8）某几何体的三视图如图所示,则 该几何体的体积为（ ). A.16＋8π B ．8+8π C ．16+１6π Ｄ．8+16π
2013高考全国统一考试（精校版） 全国一卷 第一节单项填空 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、c、D四个选项中.选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1.-- My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you? --_____________. A.No problem. B. Of course, you should. C. If you don?t mind D. That?s all right. 2. Wouldn?t it be ______ wonderful world if all nations lived in ______ peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the 3. The English ______ in England between AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English we _______ at present. A. speaking; spoken B. spoken; speak C. spoken; speaking D. speaking; are speaking 4. We're excited to learn the news ________ China sent three astronauts into space between June and August this year. A. what B. which C. that D. as 5. I _________glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them. They make me look like a bookworm. A. have worn B. have been wearing C. have been worn D. was wearing 6. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to get them ________ in his lectures. A. interesting B. interested C. being interested D. to interest 7. Susan was expecting her favourite singers, but to her disappointment, ______ appeared. A. some B. none C. everyone D. no one 8. Although Rio knew little about marketing, he succeeded ______ other more well-informed managers failed. A. as B. unless C. what D. where 9. Clean water and fresh air are essential for our daily life, _______ we can?t liv e. A. by which B. without which C. that D. on which 10. —Can I borrow your car, Mum? —If you________. A. must B．can C．will D．may 11.Only with the greatest of luck _______ to escape from the rising flood waters. A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage 12. It was not until she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A. who B. that C. where D. before 13. -- Have you ever been to the city of Beijing, our capital? -- Yes, only once. I ______ there only for two days. A. had stayed B. were staying C. have stayed D. stayed 14. Why this excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _______ me. A. above B. outside C. beside D. beyond 15.----I?m sorry. I shouldn?t been so angry with you that day. ----______. I was a bit out of control myself.
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标1卷 文科数学 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1．已知集合A={0,2},B={-2,-1,0,1,2}，则A ∩B= A ．{0,2} B ．{1,2} C ．{0} D ．{-2,-1,0,1,2} 解析：选A 2．设z= 1-i 1+i +2i ，则|z|= A ．0 B ．1 2 C ．1 D ． 2 解析：选C z=1-i 1+i +2i=-i+2i=i 3．某地区经过一年的新农村建设，农村的经济收入增加了一倍，实现翻番，为更好地了解该地区农村的经济收入变化情况，统计了该地区新农村建设前后农村的经济收入构成比例，得到如下饼图： 建设前经济收入构成比例 建设后经济收入构成比例 则下面结论中不正确的是 A ．新农村建设后，种植收入减少 B ．新农村建设后，其他收入增加了一倍以上 C ．新农村建设后，养殖收入增加了一倍 D ．新农村建设后，养殖收入与第三产业收入的总和超过了经济收入的一半 解析：选A 4．已知椭圆C ：x 2 a 2＋y 2 4＝1的一个焦点为(2,0)，则C 的离心率为 A ．13 B ．12 C ． 22 D ． 22 3 解析：选C ∵ c=2，4=a 2 -4 ∴a=2 2 ∴e= 22 5．已知圆柱的上、下底面的中心分别为O 1，O 2，过直线O 1O 2的平面截该圆柱所得的截面是面积为8的正方形，则该圆柱的表面积为 A ．122π B ．12π C ．82π D ．10π 解析：选B 设底面半径为R,则(2R)2=8 ∴R=2,圆柱表面积=2πR ×2R+2πR 2 =12π
英语试卷 第1页（共26页） 英语试卷 第2页（共26页） 绝密★启用前 2013普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国新课标卷2） 英语 使用地区：考听力，海南、宁夏、黑龙江、吉林、新疆、内蒙古、青海、西藏； 不考听力（卷面分值120分），云南、贵州、甘肃 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。共150分，共12页。考试时间结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。 2. 选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。 3. 请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 注：山西卷赋分不同，满分180分。听力30分不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9. 18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C 。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Take photos. B. Buy a camera. C. Help the woman. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. A noisy night. B. Their life in town. C. A place of living. 3. Where is the man now? A. On his way. B. In a restaurant. C. At home. 4. What will Celia do? A. Find a player. B. Watch a game. C. Play basketball. 5. What day is it when the conversation takes place? A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6，7题。 6. What is Sara going to do? A. Buy John a gift. B. Give John a surprise. C. Invite John to France. 7. What does the man think of Sara ’s plan? A. Funny. B. Exciting. C. Strange. 听第7段材料，回答第8，9题。 8. Why does Diana say sorry to peter? A. She has to give up her travel pan. B. She wants to visit another city. C. She needs to put off her test. 9. What does Diana want Peter to do? A. Help her with her study. B. Take a book to her friend. C. Teach a geography lesson. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man call the woman? A. To tell her about her new job. B. To ask about her job program. C. To plan a meeting with her. 11. Who needs a new flat? A. Alex. B. Andrea. C. Miranda. ------------- 在-------------------- 此-------------------- 卷-------------------- 上-------------------- 答-------------------- 题-------------------- 无-------------------- 效 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________