中考初中英语语法-现在完成时和过去完成时地区别
语法----现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
1.从结构上区别
现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词（肯定式）
主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词（否定式）
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词（疑问式）
过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词（肯定式）
主语 +had + not + 过去分词（否定式）
Had + 主语 + 过去分词（疑问式）
2.从时间状语区别
现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。
过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“by, at, before等构成的短语”。
注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。
例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？
Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。
I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。
Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？
The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。
I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。
We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。
They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。
3.使用时注意事项
使用现在完成时应该注意：
（1）“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即“有”。
例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗？
Yes, I have. 是的，我有。
Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？
No, he hasn’t. 不，他没有。
（2） have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别
have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has
been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如：
— Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？
— Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。
— Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？
— They’ve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。
（3）非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够
用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：
arrive, come → be here, be in
begin, start → be on
buy → have
die → be dead
fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)
finish, end → be over
get to know → know
get up → be up
go out → be out
join → be in , be a + 名词
leave, move → be away, be out of
使用过去完成时应该注意：
如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：
When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.
她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。
After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.
在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。
现在完成时和过去完成时的区别与用法：
现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。
I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）
We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完
目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)
现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情，而是既涉及过去，又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句： 例：1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。（我在北京住过。） 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式，表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过，至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时，表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京，现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have （has）+过去分词”，表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型：
We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法（过去分词的构成详见第六章）：1.构成现在（过去）完成时 have（has）+过去分词～ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态：参见第十三章 be + 过去分词～ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型：主语+have（has）+not +过去分词～. I have not seen the movie yet.
英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题 一、现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。 现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下： 肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film. 否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film. He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film. 疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t. Has he/she/it seen the film Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ s he/ it hasn’t. 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。 标志词词义用法位置 already已经肯定句句中或句末 ever曾经疑问句、肯定句句中 never从未，从来不陈述句，不和not 连用句中 (ever)since自从肯定、疑问、否定句中 for后接一段时间肯定、疑问、否定句中 just刚刚，正好肯定句句中 yet还疑问句、否定句末 recently最近肯定、否定、疑问句句末 once, twice, a few times几次肯定、疑问句末 during/over /in 在过去的一段时间里肯定、疑问、否定句末 the past/last + 一段时 间 It’s the first time I …这是我第一次…肯定句前
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
第六讲现在完成时 1.概念： 1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去,常和for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词. eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了. --- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? --- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) 2. 结构: 主语+ have / has + done + … 3. 句型: ⑴肯定句: ①主语+ have / has + done + … eg：She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海. I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了. ⑵否定句: ①主语+ have / has + not +done + … eg：I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影. eg：She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业. ⑶一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语+ done + … eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有. eg：Has she finished do ing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. ⑷特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ done + … eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：
现在完成时的构成 一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词 用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构 成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） 二）否定式 主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分 别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。 三）一般疑问式 助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？ 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：
过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式：主语+助动词ｈａvｅ/ｈas + 动词的过去分词． 疑问式：助动词Haｖe/Hａs + 主语+动词的过去分词? 否定式:主语+ 助动词hａｖe/has + noｔ＋动词的过去分词. 例句： １．Iｈave cleａnｅd mｙrooｍ. 我已打扫了房间。 2. He hasn’ｔfinｉｓhed hｉs homeｗork. 他还没完成作业。 3. Have you rｅａd thiｓnｏvｅｌ? 你看过这本小说吗? Ｙｅｓ，I hａve. 是的,看过了。Ｎo, I hａveｎ’ｔ. 不,没看过。4．We have studｉｅd English for twｏyeａrs. 我们已经学了两年英语了。 5．Ｔhｅy haven’tｓeｅn eaｃh oｔher siｎcｅ1998. ?自从19９８年他们就没再见过面。 现在完成时的主要用法 １．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 --Iｔ’ｓｓｏdａrk． --Ｓｏｍeone hａs turneｄｏｆf the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑） -- Areｙou free? --I havｅfinｉshed ｍｙhomｅｗｏrk. Ｉam freｅ (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空) 2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词．常与sincｅ+ 过去的时间点，sｉnce+谓语是一般过去时的从句；foｒ+ 一段时间,ｓｏfar 等时间状语连用。如： I have learnt Eｎglish for more than teｎyearｓ.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从1０年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum ｓinｃe hａlf aｎhouｒagｏ.我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游) 3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历． I havｅeｖeｒbｅeｎｔｏthe Suｍmer Paｌace?（我曾去过颐和园) I hａve neｖer haｄa cａr.(我从未有过汽车。) 现在完成时的时间状语 常与①alｒeaｄy, ②nevｅｒ, ③eｖｅr,④just(刚才)，⑤yet,⑥b ｅfore, ⑦ｕｐto now, ⑧so faｒ(到目前为止)，⑨for the lasｔｆew weeks, ⑩ｔｈese days, ⑾since２０1０／twoｙｅarｓag ｏ，ｓｉnce he ｃame heｒｅ,⑿for a long ｔiｍｅ(１３）in the laｓt/ past…years等连用。 a)already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用 于否定句和疑问句。ｅg: ?Hｅhas aｌready lefｔhｅre. 他已经离开这里了。 ?Ｈａs he ａlreadｙleｆt hｅrｅ？ 他（真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气） ?My teacｈeｒｓｈaｖen’ｔhad breaｋfaｓtｙeｔ．我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ?Hａｖe yｏu writtenｔoｙour parｅntｓｙｅt？你已经给你父母写过信了吗? b）ｎｅver 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而eveｒ表示“曾经” ?Wｅｈaｖｅneｖer ｂeen toｔhe Gｒeａt Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ?Have ｙou eｖer been tｏCａnadａ？你们曾经去过加拿大吗? --
英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2， 例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）
【初中语法系列】过去完成时，过去的过去！对于理解过去完成时来说，其要义只有一点，那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 构成： “助动词had +过去分词”，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”） 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。（到去年年底为止已工作了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by +过去的时间点，例如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。 （2）by the end of +过去的时间点，例如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。 （3）before +过去的时间点，例如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在xx之前，他们已经植了六百棵树。 2.由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。 （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如：
现在完成时： 1．构成：have / has + 过去分词 2．功能： （1）表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近）, ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。 ?. He hasn't seen her lately. ?. I haven't finished the book yet. （2）表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止）, up till now（直到现在）, since, for a long time （很长时间）, up to present（直到现在）, in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里）, these days（目前）…… ?. He has worked here for 15 years. ?. I have studied English since I came here. ?. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. ?. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother. （3）某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。 黄金要点：I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达）, join（加入）, leave（离开）, go, refuse （拒绝）, fail（失败）, finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚）, awake（醒）, buy, borrow, lend ... II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。 III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。?. She has gone away for a month.（误）?. She has been away for a month （正） ?. The man has died for two years.（误）?. The man has been dead for two years.（正）?. How long have you bought the book?（误）?. How long have you got the book.（正）
（Present Perfect）。 第一部分 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始: 构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） never (“从不”用于中间处) ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） just (“刚刚”用于中间处) yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还”用于否定句的末尾处) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用. 第二部分 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志 ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了。 第三部分 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 *“终止”、“延续”要转换
现在完成时（I ）语法知识 定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，这个影响和结果对现 在还必须存在.常与already （已经）,yet（已经，还）,just （刚刚）,ever （曾经），never 等词连用. already 常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经）. yet : 常用于否定句（表示：还、尚）,疑问句末尾（表示：已经）. 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137 页） 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key. 我已经弄丢了钥匙.（我现在没有钥 匙） He has ever read that book ? 他曾经看过这本书.（了解书的内容） They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了.（手是干净 的） 2.否定句：主语+haven ' hasn't+ 过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven ' lost the key yet. He hasn'tever read that book . They haven'tjust cleaned their hands. 3.—般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词+其他+时间？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven t/hasn t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven't. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Have they just
1 现在完成时（I ）语法知识定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚 ),ever(曾经)，never 等词连用. 常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经） . 常用于否定句(表示：还、尚),疑问句末尾（表示：已经）. 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137页） 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 +其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key. 我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现在没有钥匙)He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容) They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven’t lost the key yet. He hasn’t ever read that book . They haven’t just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ eg: What have you already done? （done 是do/does 的过去分词） What has he ever done? What have they just done? 定义：(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since 引导的时间短语或从句连用 .
现在完成时 1. Kate’s never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? ______you______ your homework yet? A. Do；finish B. Are；finishing C. Did；finish D. Have；finished 4. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can’t remember where I______ A. Did；surf；surfed B. Have；surfed；surfed C. Did；surf；have surfed D. Have；surfed；have surfed 5. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 6. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. Ａ. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 7. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn’t receive B. haven’t got C. didn’t have D. haven’t heard 8. -Have you ever______Beijing to see the Forbidden City? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 9. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 10. I won’t go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don’t lose C. have lost D. is coming 11. – Where is Mr Liu? - He________ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D.has went 12. The cleaners have cleaned the streets, ________? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 13. I like Beijing. I________ there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone 14.We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we_______here for two years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 15.- How long_______you _______your exam paper? - About three months. A. did；buy B. have；get C. have；had D. have；bought 16. He tells me he ________China for over eight years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 17.____has Mr. Brown been a member of the party since he_____to China? A. How soon；comes B. How often；got C. How long；came D. How far；arrived 18. His parents________ for more than 3 years. A. have come here B. have started to work C. have lived there D. have left the university 答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C 6. D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.D 13. C 14.C15 C16.B 17.C 18.C
初中英语语法——过 去完成时
初中英语语法——过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时是一种相对状态，情调动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 1.过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式 过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式为：助动词had+过去分词。had在句中没有人称和数的变化。如： My father had left before I came here. My parents had begun to work by the time I got up. 2.过去完成时的用法 （1）表示在过去某时刻或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。如： She had learned English before she came to English. I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing. （2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与for或since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。如： He had studied English for five years when he went to the middle school. He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. （3）过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。在宾语从句中，主句用了一般过去时，从句表示完成用过去完成时。如： He said he had been a soldier. They said they had seen the film. （4）表示过去未曾实现的希望或计划用过去完成时。如：
LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在：You are rich. 过去：You were rich. 将来：You will be rich. 过去将来：You would be rich. There be 现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来：There would be a book on the desk. 主谓宾状 现在：You study English in the school. 过去时：You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. You are about to study English 过去将来：You would study English in the scho You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English.
You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English. 课堂练习 1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？ 3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗？4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语. 5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？ 6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？ 7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？ 8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？ 9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗? 10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？ 11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。 课堂答案 1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？Do you know why your teacher’s father beat him yesterday? 2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？ 2
英语语法：过去完成时与过去一般时 的区别 过去完成时 过去完成时强调的是过某一时间或者另一动作前已完成的动作，因此一般须有一个过去的时间作参照标准或与另一过去的动作发生有先后关系。过去完成时也称“过去的过去”，而一般过去时仅表示动作或者状态在过去某时间发生，所以不能认为凡是过去发生的动作或状态都用过去完成时。例如：He had fallen ill when he finished the job. 当他完成这项工作时已经病倒 句子结构分析：He是主语，hadfallen ill是系表型谓语（had fallen是过去完成时形式），when引导时间状语从句，he是主语，finished是谓语（过去式），the job是宾语。 He fell ill three days after he returned from histrip.
他旅游回来三天后病倒了。 He had taught English for twenty years when heretired. 当他退休时，他已教英语二十年了。 He had taught English for twenty years after he graduated from college. 他大学毕业后教过二十年英语。 英语作业 一、在下列短文中，用适当的动词形式填入空格。 A1.The telephone (1) ___ (ring) and I(2)___ (pick) up the receiver. “Hullo，”I said. “Hullo，”said a voice. “Bill here. (3)___ (be) Betty there?” “I’m sorry，”I said，“you (4) ___ (get)the wrong number.” A few seconds later，the telephone (5)___ (ring) again. Just as I (6) ___ (expect)，it (7) ___ (be) Bill. “You (8)___ (make) a mistake again，”I (9) ___ (explain).