专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词
第一讲 名词和数词
名词
[思维导图
]
一、名词的分类
二、名词的数
1．规则名词的复数
2.不规则名词的复数
3.合成名词的复数
(1)若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。passer－by→passers－by，sister－in－law→sisters－in－law，grown－up→grown －ups
(2)“man/woman＋n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数：women engineers。
三、不可数名词
1．常见的不可数名词
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk，music，homework，housework，weather，news，butter，information，bread，advice，progress，orange(橙汁)，equipment，meat，fun，luggage，luck，work(工作)，traffic，furniture，wealth，word(消息)，room(空间)，man(人类)等。
[名师指津] word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。
2．抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：
四、名词作定语
1．通常用单数名词作定语
cotton goods 棉织品history teacher 历史老师
paper factory 纸厂telephone number 电话号码
test paper 考卷weather forecast 天气预报
2．有时用复数名词作定语
(1)man，woman用于名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。
a woman writer/some women writers(女作家)
[名师指津] 与man和woman不同，boy和girl用作定语时，总是用单数。如boy
(girl) friends “男(女)朋友”。
(2)有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式，或者用于某一意义时，习惯上要用复数形式，此时它们用作定语显然只能用复数。如goods train(货车)，customs officer(海关人员)，clothes line(晾衣绳)，sales plan(销售计划)等。
五、名词所有格
1．有生命名词的3种所有格
2.无生命名词的2种所有格
(1)通常用of 所有格表示
The capital of Peru is Lima ，which is in the north on the coast.
秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部沿海地区。
(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用－’s 所有格表示 Beijing’s parks 北京的公园
the factory’s output 工厂的产量
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成形式为：名词＋of ＋名词所有格/名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词。 He is a friend of my fathe r’s .
他是我父亲的一个朋友。
[名师指津] 名词所有格作定语主要表示事物间的关系(如所属关系、主谓关系、动宾关系等)，而名词作定语则主要表示被修饰名词的特征、性别、用途、功能、内容等。
数词
[思维导图]
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。
一、基数词
1．hundred、thousand与million
(1)名词性数词hundred、thousand与million等前有数词或several时不能用复数形式，其后所跟的复数名词前不加of。
(2)表不确切的数目应用hundreds/thousands/millions of＋复数名词。
2．用以表示年龄时，逢十的基数词复数之前应加形容词性物主代词。
in her forties在她四十多岁时
二、序数词
1．序数词前一般要加上定冠词或形容词性物主代词等限定词。
It was the/my first visit to Europe.
那是我第一次去欧洲。
2．分数的分母部分用序数词，分子为1时，分母用序数词的单数形式；分母为2及以上时，分母用序数词的复数形式。
1/3one－third2/3two－thirds
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案causes[此处的cause是名词，表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知，应该使用复数形式，故填causes。]
2．Making Chinese ________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江高考)
答案dishes[此处用名词复数泛指中国菜。]
3．This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案effects[此处根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。]
4．In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案crowds[根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词，crowd表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词a，所以用名词的复数形式。]
5．The nursery team switches him every few________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案days[every few days表示“每隔几天”，此处应该使用名词的复数形式days。]
6．Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案studies[Recent是形容词，修饰名词，“Recent________”在句中作主语，根据谓语动词show可知，主语需要用复数形式。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案chicken→chickens[根据句意可知，此处应该使用可数名词chicken的复数形式。]
2．When I was little，Friday’s night was our family game night.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案Friday’s→Friday[名词Friday作定语修饰night，意为“周五晚上”。] 3．After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案sort→sorts[all 修饰可数名词sort，用其复数形式sorts。]
4．At that moment，I remembered that my father once said，“The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistake as well.”(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案mistake→mistakes[与前面的textbooks并列，指从错误中学习，故将mistake改为mistakes。]
5．The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案word→words[根据后面的举例可知，此处应用word的复数形式。] 6．Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案informations→information[information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。] 7．If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案knowledges→knowledge[knowledge意为“知识”，是不可数名词，没
有复数形式。]
8．The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案year→years[此处指13～19 岁的年龄，故用名词复数形式。]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There are various types of tea that offer different health benefits(benefit) and flavours.(2019·临沂模拟)
2．While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.(2019·长春模拟)
3．I suddenly regretted that we had no photos(photo) from this vacation together.(2019·贵阳模拟)
4．One spring afternoon，we went to one of the grocery stores (store) nearby to buy some food for dinner.(2019·佛山模拟)
5．Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique plants，animals and cultural heritage are the primary attractions__(attraction)．(2019·太原模拟) 6．Don’t try to make friends(friend) with managers，but be respectful.(2019·大庆模拟)
7．He gained his wealth by printing works (work) of famous writers.(2019·衡阳模拟) 8．The British have many traditions (tradition) but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.(2019·衡水模拟)
9．Many of these had benefited from the government’s special new policies encouraging people to start their own businesses(business)．(2019·武邑中学二模) 10．And it evaluates how well you combine your listening，reading，speaking and
writing skills (skill)to perform academic tasks.(2019·日照模拟)
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Some sellers were shouting at the top of their voice to attract people’s attentions.(2019·忻州模拟)attentions→attention
2．To my great joys，Mary took good care of me.(2019·枣庄模拟)joys→joy 3．Why not come and join us if you want to know more informations about our future space school?(2019·开封模拟)informations→information
4．It is well known that doing exercise can help people lose weights and have a healthy life.(2019·贵州模拟)weights→weight
5．Sometimes failure can make us lose hearts.(2019·林芝模拟)hearts→heart 6．They may be too young to tell right from wrong without the guidance of their parents.Some may take illegal activity.(2019·太原模拟)activity→activities
7．But my father’s dead changed me.My life became poorer，but my mother tried her best to give me what I wanted even though it was too difficult for her.(2019·哈密模拟)dead→death
8．After we walked along the bank for forty minute，we reached the Happy Valley.(2019·天一大联考)minute→minutes
9．It is necessary that one should eat various kind of healthy food such as fish，eggs，vegetables and fruits.(2019·临夏模拟)kind→kinds
10．By the way，after the contest，I am to drop in at your universities to visit you.(2019·大庆模拟)universities→university
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·合肥模拟)What exactly is social media? Social media can be defined as web－based，mobile media that 1.________ (use) to connect with each other.
There are several types of social media.The first type involves people getting together
to work on a project.Wikipedia is 2.________ example of this type of social media.There are other types that allow people 3.________ (share) content such as pictures and articles.Another type of social media is websites like Second Life，4.________people can create objects，as if they 5.________ (be) in the real world.The final type is social networking sites that can make people stay in touch with 6.________(friend)．
Social media is different from 7.________(tradition) media.In the past，media was created in one place，8.________ (normal) a company.Then the company would send out the media to consumers，like newspapers and magazines.But 9.________ social media，many individual people in different locations can create content.In addition，a few minutes are spent 10.________ (write) a twitter post today while it would take many months to edit a magazine in the past.
Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.But whatever you might think，social media is here to stay.
【语篇解读】本文为我们介绍了社交媒体。
1．is used[考查动词的语态。social media和use之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。]
2．an[考查冠词。“维基网站是这种社交媒体的一个例子”表示泛指，用不定冠词an。]
3．to share[考查非谓语动词。此句谓语动词是allow，“允许某人做某事”用to do不定式作宾语补足语。]
4．where[考查定语从句的关系词。此句中where引导的句子在主句中作定语，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。]
5．were[考查动词的时态。根据前面的as if可知后面用虚拟语气，所以填were。] 6．friends[考查名词的单复数。根据这里的意思：和朋友保持联系，friend是可数名词单数形式，前面没有限定词修饰，所以填friends。]
7．traditional [考查形容词。修饰后面的名词media ，用tradition 的形容词形式。]
8．normally [考查副词。这里用副词normally 修饰，表示“正常情况下，通常”。]
9．with [考查介词。这里填“with ”，表示有了社交媒体。]
10．writing [考查非谓语动词。some time is spent (in) doing sth 是 “spend some time(in) doing sth ”的变式。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
Every year ，my school hold summer camps.I love it very much ，because I can have a lot fun with my friends.What’s more ，I can take a break from study https://www.doczj.com/doc/80557342.html,st year ，we went to a country farm and experienced different life.I was so impressed by the clear river and fresh air here.We woke up early and then walked on the country road ，what was extremely quiet.I am so close to nature and could appreciate its beauty.I felt peacefully in my heart.I am looking forward to the summer camp on this year.
答案
Every year ，my school hold holds summer camps.I love it them very much ，because I
can have a lot fun with my friends.What’s more ，I can take a break from study
times time .Last year ，we went to a country farm and experienced different life.I was
so impressed by the clear river and fresh air here there .We woke up early and then walked
on the country road ，what which was extremely quiet.I am was so close to nature and could
appreciate its beauty.I felt peacefully peaceful in my heart.I am looking forward to the
summer camp
this year.
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 1. 【2019 ? 广东省中考】We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her __________ birthday. A. seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们为我们的国家感到骄傲，2019年是她的70岁生日。seventy70，seventieth第70；根据几岁生日时用序数词，当序数词前有形容词性的物主代词时，要把the省略掉；故选D。 2.【2019 ? 江苏省宿迁市】Wu Dajing, a __________ Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year. A. 25-years-old B. 25 year old C. 25-year-old D. 25 years old 【答案】C 【解析】句意：25岁的中国滑冰运动员吴大靖在去年的短道世界杯上创造了新的世界纪录。考查限定词辨析。由数字、名词和形容词加连字符构成的词为复合形容词，也称限定词，其结构为＂数字-名词-形容词＂，中间的名词必须用单数形式。根据句意结构，可知选C。 3. 【2019 ? 甘肃省武威市】September is the __________ month of a year. A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth 【答案】C 【解析】句意：九月是一年中的第九个月。A. 第七；B. 第八；C. 第九；D. 第十。根据常识可知，九月是第九个月，故选C。 4. 【2019 ? 甘肃省兰州市】We gave away __________ books to the school library last year. A. six thousands B. six thousand C. six thousands of D. six thousand of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：去年我们把6000本书捐给了学校图书馆。结合选项，本题考查数词的用法，英文的数目表达方式有两种：精确数目和含糊数目。精确数目如：two million dollars，两百万美元；数词无复数，也没有
数词作主语时主谓一致的特殊情况 主谓语的一致关系通常遵循三个原则，即语法一致的原则，概念一致和就近一致。关于数词（包括表示数量的其他词）或带有数词的词组作主语时，如何应用上述三原则，各类语法书均有说明，这里只谈谈一些特殊情况。 一．基数词+名词 当基数词加名词表示时间，距离，价值或其他度量时，通常把它作为整体。 谓语动词遵循概念一致原则用单数。但是，有时也可看作多个个体，谓语动词根据语法一致原则用复数。例如： 1）The past four weeks have been the driest in the country’s history. 2）There were three quarts of mild in the refrigerator. 二．One and a half+名词复数 英语“一个半”可以写成“one and a half+名词复数”或“a+名词单数+and a half”. 两种形式中名词的数虽然不同，但谓语动词通常都是用单数。例如： 1）One and a half months has escaped. 2）A month and a half has elapsed since our last meeting. 三．One in, one out of , one of 等引导的词组 英语“若干分之一”常可写成“One in+数词”，“one out of+数词”或“one of+数词”，作主语时谓语动词一般用单数。例如： 1）The survey report says that one out of twenty machines is in need of repair. 2）Only one out of five is in operation. 但是，在非正式文体中，也有用复数的，因为说话人所指实际上是不止one.例如：3）It is estimated that every one in eleven men over sixty suffer from heart failure.
（一）．名词的分类 总的来说，英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。 （1）. 专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。例如：Lucy，Shanghai，the Communist Party of China，the United States等。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 （2）. 普通名词：表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。例如：worker，boy，machine等。普通名词又可分为以下四类： a. 个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词。例如：man ，pencil，chair等。 b. 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。例如：class，police，army ，family等。 c. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词。例如：rice，g lass，water，por- ridg e等。 4. 抽象名词：表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词。例如：life，love等。 （二）、可数名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数表示一个人或事物，复数表示一个以上的人或事物。名词单数变复数的形式有规则变化与不规则变化之区别。 A.规则变化 ①一般在名词后加s。 ②“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es。例：baby----babies city---- cities country---countries ③以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es。例：class----classes; fox----foxes; brush----brushes; watch----watches ④以f或fe结尾的单词把f或fe改为v, 再加es。例：thief---thieves; life----lives; wife----wives; self----selves; 例外：roof----roofs(屋顶); proof----proofs(证据) ⑤以o结尾的名词，一般是在后面直接加s。kilo----kilos; photo----photos;zoo----zoos;bamboo----bamboos 以o结尾的名词初中阶段只有四个单词加es。即： hero----heroes mango----mangoes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes B.不规则变化： ⑥含man的名词，一般变man为men。例：man----men; woman----women; policeman----policemen 例外：German----Germans；walkman----walkmans(随身听) ⑦将oo改为ee 例：tooth----teeth foot----feet goose----geese(鹅，不是初中词汇) ⑧单数、复数形式相同如：deer—deer，sheep—sheep，fish—fish，Chinese—Chinese，people—people。 ⑨有些词只有复数形式 ①某些由两个部分构成的物体的名词。如：trousers等。 ②某些通常以复数形式出现的名词。如：clothes，goods，stairs等。 ⑩其他变化如：child—children ，mouse—mice. 11.由man或woman构成的复合名词，两者都要变成复数。 1
教学标题名词、数词用法 教学目标复习名词、数词用法 教学重难点The usages of important knowledge points 上次作业检查 （名词）1、不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）谓语动词：单数 Drink/milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge/Food/rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、用单位词表示。 用a ... of 表示。如 a cup of （一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......）a piece of （一张......），a pair of shoes （一双鞋）如two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸） 规则变化 1）一般情况下加-s如book--books（书）desk--desks（书桌） 2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box--boxes（盒子）bus--buses(公共汽车) 注意①以th 结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs 3)以辅音字母（a/e/i/o/u除外）+结尾，变y为i再加- es。如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家) 注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩) 4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或fe 为v再加-es如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半）(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶) 5)以o结尾 (1)辅音字母（a/e/i/o/u）加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮) potato-potatoes(土豆) (2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s 如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园) photo-photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠) 注意zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或zeroes(零) 不规则变化 1) 元音字母发变化。如man--men(男人) ，woman--women(妇女) tooth--teeth(牙齿) ，foot--feet(脚) mouse--mice(老鼠) ，policeman--policemen(警察) policewoman--policewomen(女警察) 2) 词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩) ，ox--oxen(公牛) 3) 单、复数形式相同。如fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ，yuan--Yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤) 注意不说an English，要说an Englishman. ①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。 4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。如people(人，人们)these people (不说a people，可说a person) police(公安，警察)ten police(不说a police，可说a policeman) 四、名词的所有格 1.名词所有格的构成法 1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s，也要加's。 2)表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加，如果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加。 如Jim and Mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间Jim's and Mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间 3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"即可。如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)
高考题之数词与主谓一致 数词、主谓一致练习题 1.(2011安徽卷27) The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ____ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2.(2011湖南卷26) One third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 3.(10全国?) Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 4.(10湖南) Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 5.(10四川) Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand. A. are;are B. is;is C. are;is D. is:are
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples 2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is 5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city. A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited 7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8. Mathematics _______ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. The whole family _______ TV attentively. A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing 13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be 14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A. were B. was C. is D. sits 15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved 16. There ______ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all. A. going to be B. / C. is D. that 18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water. A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered 19. The following ______ some other mental diseases. A. being B. are C. was D. were 20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history. A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told
名词语法和练习题 1. 定义 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。 2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词） a. 一般情况在名词后加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars b. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es
读/iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxes c. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses d. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es 读/z/ baby---babies e. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： 1). 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； 2). 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。 f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 1). 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs 2). 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
主谓一致 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。 一、使用复数谓语动词的情况 1．由and, both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both the teacher and the students are working hard. 但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and连接的两个名词前有each，every等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。如： The knife and fork lies on the table. 2．“the＋形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. 3． the people/cattle/police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况 1．单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. 2．不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Looking after the baby is my job. 3．学科名词，以-s结尾的单数名词，以-s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Physics is hard to study. 4．单数名词＋with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as,
第六节数词与主谓一致 一．数词 数词（num.）分为基数词，序数词，分数，小数和概数 巧计基数词变序数词： 基变序，有规律；一二三，单独记；八去t,九去e, ve要用f替； 整十基数变序数，ty变为tie;要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序。 2. 分数 分数是由基数词和序数词组成的，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于1时，序数词要用复数形式。 one fifth three fourths 3.小数 小数点读作point 8.9-eight point nine 0.3- zero point three 4.概数 （1）概数的表示 tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of/ a number of/ a quantity of/ a few of/ a little of/ plenty of等。 (2)概数的注意事项 概数前不能有确切的数字，可以用many, several, some等修饰tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of。 只修饰可数名词复数形式的有：tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of/ a number of/ a few / a great of 只修饰不可数名词的有：a little/ a great deal of 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有：a quantity of/ quantities of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of 5. 关于数的其他表达法 (1)年代的表达法为in+the+“逢十的数词复数” 在20世纪90年代-------- in the 1990s或in the 1990’s (2)“在某人几十来岁时”的表达法为in+one’s+“逢十的基数词复数”
名词和数量词 一、名词 ★名词的定义：名词是指人或事物的名称，例如：人的姓名与称呼，物品的名称，地点，时间，品行或行为以及抽象概念，等等。 ★名词的分类： 分为普通名词和专有名词 其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。 1）可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy，desk，cat，window 和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，police)。 2）不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water，paper，silk，money) 和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work，happiness，music，difficulty) 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom，the Great Wall，the Spring Festival，France，the United States) (一)名词的数 名词分为可数与不可数名词。 1.不可数名词 （1）不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。如：health,advice, information, glass, wood, English, China. （2）表示学科名称的以-ics结尾的名词常用作单数，如：politics, physics. （3）表示以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词用作单数，如：the United States, the United Nations. 1) 不可数名词前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单. 2) 不可数名词表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语修饰。 2.可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词，有单复数形式。 （1）规则名词复数构成的方法： ①以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词后加-es.如： dress---dresses, watch—watches, box—boxes. 但stomach—stomachs 除外。 ②以“辅音字母+-o”结尾的名词后加-es。如： mosquito—mosquitoes, hero—heroes, 但一些特殊的以-o结尾的名词后加-s。如： radio—radios, photo—photos, piano—pianos. ③有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式。如： zero—zeros (zeroes), volcano—volcanos（volcanoes） 但以-oo结尾的名词只加-s。如：
2019年山东菏泽市中考英语：数词和主谓一致 考点一数词的确指和概指 1．表示确指。 表达确切数量直接用基数词或分数、小数等。hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有具体数词修饰时，不能用复数形式。 2．表示概指。 ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion等可以构成短语，表示不确切的数量。此时这些词用复数形式，不能被具体数字修饰，后面与of搭配。 1．(xx·黑龙江龙东中考)The ice and snow in Harbin is beautiful, so every winter tourists come here. A．too million of B．millon of C．millions of 2．(xx·重庆中考A卷改编) visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. A．Thousands of B．Thousand of C．Thousands 3．(xx·云南曲靖中考改编)In our hometown, villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs. A．two hundreds of B．hundred of C．hundreds of 考点二基数词变序数词的规则 1．不规则变化。 one→first two→second three→third 2．基数词4～19在词尾加-th。 four→fourth nineteen→ninete enth ★five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth
第一章第九节数词与主谓一致第一部分近年高考题荟萃 2010年高考题 1.（10湖南） Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 答案：C 考点：主谓一致 解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项 2.（10四川） Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand． A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is：are 答案：A 考点：考查主谓一致。 解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。 3.（10全国Ⅱ） .Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________evening dress. A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn 答案：B 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of ….为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数wo men，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is” 可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A 2009年高考题
英语主谓一致真题汇编(含答案) 一、主谓一致 1．It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted. A．two third; has B．two thirds; have C．two third; are D．two thirds; is 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：据说世界上的三分之二的水被污染了。在英语中分子用基数词表达，分母用序数词表达如果分子大于1，分母变复数。三分之二，two thirds。分数，作主语时，根据其后接的词而定，如果为不可数名词，则相当于单数，如果其后接的为可数名词复数形式，则相当于复数，根据句意及结构，故选D 考点：考查分数的用法。 2．Alice, together with her classmates punished for breaking the school rules last week. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：艾丽斯和她的同学上周因违反校规而受到惩罚。考查一般过去时和主谓一致。根据last week可知句子时态应用一般过去时，排除A、B选项；together with her classmates在句中作状语，主语是Alice，第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式，排除D选项；故答案选C。 3．Mary with her parents to Hong Kong. They’ll stay there for two weeks. A．have been B．have gone C．has been D．has gone 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：玛丽和她的父母一起去了香港，他们打算在那里待一个星期。考查主谓一致和现在完成时。根据后面They’ll stay there for two weeks.一句话，可知玛丽和她的父母待在香港两周了，一起去了香港，并且还没有回来，所以用have/has gone to；have/has been to 则表示去过某地（已经回来）；主语后面由with结构时，谓语动词由前面的主语决定单复数，根据主语Mary判断用助动词has．故选D。 【点睛】 现在完成时的标志词 already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately, never, ever, never, twice, on several occasion, in the past few days/weeks/months/years,（up to）these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, up to present, so far, up to now, till now, since+时间
1. ______month of the year is May. A. Two B. The second C. Five D. The fifth 2. ---Which month of the year do you like? ---July, the _____month because summer vacation begins in this month. A. second B. seventh C. ninth 3. On June 2nd this year, _____people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival near the Songhua River. To our joy, there was little rubbish left. A. thousands of B. thousand C. two thousands 4. It’s never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his _____. A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth C. fifty D. fifties 5. On my _____birthday, my father bought me a new bike. A. five B. fifteen C. fifteenth 6. ---How far is the small town from London? ---It’s about ______kilometers. A. two hundred and thirty five B. two hundreds and thirty five C. two hundreds and thirty-five D. two hundred and thirty-five 7. Please turn to Page ______and read the ______story. A. Ten; two B. Ten; second C. Tenth; second D. Tenth; two 8. The number of the students is about three _______is our grade. A. hundred of B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundreds 9. This is a seven-floor shopping mall. Now we are on ______floor. A. five B. fifth C. the fifth 10. The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars ______on their way back to Shanghai. A. am B. is C. are D. be 11. ---Do you need more time to complete the task? ---Yes. Another ten days _____enough. A. is B. was C. are D. were 12. A lot of tall buildings _____in Haihu New District several years ago. A. is built B. are built C. was built D. were built 13. The old ______taken good care of in our country. A. is B. has C. are D. have 14. Rose, together with her parents, _____been in China for 5 years. A. has B. have C. had 15. Look! The passenger in front of you _____games with his HTC One M8. A. is playing B. are playing C. were playing 16. _____of people enjoy the TV play You Come Form the Star. And 70% of the music in it ______very original. A. Three fifths; is B. Three fifths; are C. Three fifth; is D. Thee fifth; are 17. ---Where is Class ______? ---It’s on the _______floor. A. Six; third B. Sixth; third C. Six; three D. Sixth; three 18. It’s the boy’s _______birthday today. He is five years old now. A. fifteen B. fifth C. five 19. ---What should we do now, Mr. Clark? ---Please turn to Page _____and look at the _____picture. A. Twelve; fifth B. Twelfth; fifth C. Twelve; five D. Twelfth; five 20. The number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight _______, and _____of them are new cars. A. hundred; two thirds B. hundred; two third C. hundreds; two thirds D. hundreds; two third 21. ---_____of volunteers will be needed for 2014 Tnternational Horticulture Exposition in Qindao. ---Let’s go and _____them. A. Thousands; join B. Thousand; be a member of C. Three thousand; take part in D. Thousands; be in 22. ---How many people were invited to the meeting? ---About six_____. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of 23. There are ______people in the zoo on Children’s Day. A. one hundreds B. two hundreds of C. hundreds of D. hundred of 24. Amy will have her _____birthday party next Friday. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth 25. Mother’s Day is on the ______Sunday in May every year. A. two B. second C. six D. sixth 26. It is reported that people throw _____plastic bags along this street every day. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of 27. Not only my friends but also I___interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A. be B. am C. is D. are 28. There _____a teacher and some students waiting for the school bus outside. A. are B. am C. be D. is 29. A lot of foreigners ____familiar with the famous places of interest in China. A. am B. is C. are D. be 30. There ______many trees in front of my house now. A. is B. are C. was D.were 31. In our hospital, the number of women doctors ______larger and larger. A. is B. are C. be D. been 短文填空 Holding doors open for people behind you, picking up litter, thanking people... these acts of kindness seem very _____ . But students at James Middle School know that such Eighth-graders from James Middle School, took part in the Random Acts of Kindness Week ___ March 31 to April 4. During the week, they tried their best to do kind things for others. Celeste Murray, an English teacher at the school, started the activity. Since she was little, she has always tried to do small acts of kindness in her daily life. “I believe the world is _____ by small things,” she told the newspaper The Daily Times. Over the week, to her surprise, Murray also _____ great changes in her class. Before that, she always needed to ask her _____ to push the chairs in or turn off the by _____ . “The teachers have a lot of work,” Said Jordon, one of Murray’s students. He learned to care more about others. Eliza, _____ student, gave out more praises （赞扬）to others. “It makes them feel happy and successful,” she said. The activity made students feel that they can make a difference. Hailey decides to continue to do at least one act of kindness every week, ______ busy she is. She believes her acts could encourage others.