编号问题选择A 选择B 选择C 选择D 答案注解
1 "On a large diesel engine installation, crankshaft axial alignment is maintained by the ________." piston rod guides engine thrust bearing crosshead bearing main shaft flexible coupling B 在大型柴油机安装中，曲轴靠推力轴承保持轴向对中。
2 "A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 rpm, is commonly classed as a ________." slow-speed diesel medium-speed diesel high-speed diesel constant-speed diesel B 曲轴转速800转／分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机。
3 Which of the following statements is correct concerning available astern power for diesel main propulsion systems? Astern power is to be provided in a sufficient amount to secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances. The astern power of the main propelling machinery is to provide for continuous operation astern at 60% of the ahead rpm at rated speed.
"For main propulsion systems without reversing gears, controllable pitch propellers or electric propulsion drive, running astern is not to lead to overload conditions." "Astern power available will be equal to ahead power when controllable pitch propellers are utilized, thus discounting the need for increased operating parameters." A 倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制。
4 "When two medium speed diesel engines coupled in parallel to a common propeller shaft that operates at the same speed as the engines, which of the operating conditions listed will apply?"
Full horsepower is available ahead and astern. One engine must be running ahead and the other astern. Full reversing torque is not available. Mechanical reduction gearing is required.
D 当两台中速柴油机并排连接到同速运转的普通螺旋桨轴上，需要机械减速装。
5 Which of the listed design features is most common to a two-stroke/cycle low-speed main propulsion diesel engine? Crosshead construction. Cross-scavenging air flow. Trunk type pistons. Single reduction gearing. A 低速二冲程主推进柴油机普遍采用十字头结构。
6 A disadvantage of a two-stroke/cycle diesel engine is ________. more power strokes per revolution the use of scavenge air more complicated valve gear higher working temperatures of the piston and cylinder D 二冲程柴油机的缺点是气缸头的温度高。
7 "In comparing engines of equal horsepower, higher exhaust gas temperatures occur in a/an ________." opposed-piston engine double-acting engine two-stroke/cycle engine four-stroke/cycle engine D 与相同马力的柴油机相比，四冲程柴油机的废气温度高。
8 The double bottom in a vessel is a space comprised of ________. plating forming the engine room tank top double plating installed over the flat keel plate a watertight boundary formed by the inner bottom compartments between the inner and outer bottoms D 船的双底壳是由内外两层构成的。
9 A water jacket is placed around the exhaust manifolds of propulsion diesel engines to ________. reduce heat radiation to the engine room aid in preventing turbocharger overheating condense and drain moisture from exhaust gases dampen exhaust gas pulsations in the manifold A 环绕排气总管的水套是为了减少对机舱的热辐射。
10 "Which of the listed types of staring systems is often used on large, low speed, direct reversing, main propulsion diesel engines?" Electric. Hydraulic. Air. All of the above. C
大型低速可逆转主推进柴油机使用空气起动系统。
11 The over-speed trip installed on most diesel engine will stop the engine by shutting off the ________. water supply fuel oil supply lube oil supply e xhaust damper B 大多数柴油机安装的超速保护（停车）装置通过切断燃油供油使发动机停车。
12 "In a common rail system, excessive pressure in the header may be caused by ________." i mproper adjustment of the bypass valve a dribble in the fuel injection nozzle insufficient leak-off through injection nozzle packing a malfunctioning injection nozzle A "在共轨燃油喷射系统中,集油管压力过大可能是由于旁通阀调节不当而造成的。"
13 Diesel engine electric starting motors generally require heavier duty motors and operaste at higher voltages than comparable starting motors for gasoline engines due to ________. higher speed required flywheel-effect lower starting temperatures higher compression pressures D 因为要更高的压缩压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有更大的功率和更高的电压。
14 "When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-speed diesel engines should be bolted to their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance (loosely fitted) bolts in other locations. This is done to ________." maintain alignment when the ship’s hull is working in heavy seas ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of the hull permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expands maintain engine thrust bearing clearances C 当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地。
15 A diesel engine with a combustion chamber located between the crowns of two pistons is known as a / an ________. double-acting engine opposed pistons engine single-acting engine horizontal acting engine B 柴油机的燃烧室介于两个活塞之间，这种发动机称为“对置活塞式柴油机”。
16 "In using reduction gears to obtain efficient propeller speeds, ________." they must be located at the after end of the engine they can only be used with one engine at a time they eliminate the need for controllable pitch propellers they are connected to the engine with a flexible coupling D 减速齿轮与发动机采用柔性联轴节连接。
17 "For a given size engine, the two-stroke / cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four-stroke / cycle diesel engine because ________." it has a longer power stroke more air gets into the cylinder each stroke it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speed higher combustion pressure is developed C 理论上，二冲程柴油机发出的功率是相同四冲程柴油机的两倍。
18 The minimum speed an engine must attain before ignition can occur depends upon ________.
the type and size of the engine the condition of the engine ambient temperature all
of the above D 发动机发火之前必须获得的最低转速取决于发动机的类型和尺寸、发动机的状态和环境温度等因素。
19 "In a diesel engine, internal combustion causes the piston to be moved by ________." the simple admission of fuel and air into the combustion space only the pressure of gases developed specially designed parts connected to a shaft the concept of reciprocity B 在柴油机工作时，内部燃烧引起活塞被燃气压力驱动。
20 Diesel engines are classified as reciprocating internal combustion engines because they ________. use energy from fuel burned outside their cylinders burn fuel in a combustion chamber that moves back and forth burn fuel in a chamber where its energy moves a piston back and forth use a continuous combustion process to impart rotary motion to the pistons C 把柴油机归类于往复式内燃机，是因为燃油在燃烧室内被燃烧，产生能量使活塞作往复运动。
21 A main propulsion diesel engine is normally shut down by ________. shutting off the air supply over-speeding the engine securing the fuel supply securing the ignition system C 主推进柴油机是通过切断燃油供应实现停车的。
22 The thermal energy produced by an internal combustion engine is transformed into ________.
combustion energy internal energy external energy mechanical energy D 内燃机产生的热能转换成机械能。
23 Maximum horsepower of a diesel engine is attained ________. when the engine RPM is pulled down by overload a t rated engine RPM at 95% of rated engine RPM at 95% of a properly adjusted governor RPM with the engine under full load B 在额定转速时所产生的功率是柴油机的最大功率。
24 "As a heat engine, ________ energy is the source of power by which the diesel engine can be operated." electric heat mechanical exhaust B 柴油机作为热机，热能是其功率的来源。
25 "Because the castings of smaller engines are not so big and heavy, ________ and cylinder block may be made in one piece." the column the jacket cylinder cover cylinder liner A 由于小型发动机的铸件不是很重也不是很大，机架和气缸体可以做成一体。
26 ________ system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel. The domestic water Bilge water Oil transfer The ballast D 压载水系统用来确保能从任一个舱或海中吸入海水，也能将水排到任一舱或海中，达到平衡船舶之目的。
27 "If you vessel burns 8 tons of fuel per hour at 15 knots, how many tons per hour will it burn at 18 knots?" 13.82 tons 15.61 tons 16.00 tons 16.37 tons A 船舶以15节的速度航行时耗油8吨，那么以18节的速度航行时的耗油量为：M2=（V2 / V1）3×M1=（18 / 15）3×8=13.82（吨）。
28 Each cylinder liner on the marine medium speed engines ________. is usually cooled by sea water can be replaced when worn out is in direct contact with the water in the bore of the cylinder can't expand when heated B 船用柴油机的缸套磨损后可以更换。
29 Energy losses due to ________ occur in every machine. speed friction impact
atmosphere B 由于磨擦造成的能量损失在每一台机器都存在。
30 "Hitachi B&W, 2-stroke cycle, single acting direct reversible, cross-head, welding design type diesel engine with turbo-charge, these information refers to ________." the type of a pump the type of a turbo-charge the type of an accessory equipment the type of a main
engine D 日立B&W、二冲程循环、单作用直接换向、十字头、焊接设计、带涡轮增压等等，显然介绍的都是主机的特性。
31 "If the buoyant force on a ship's hull is equal to or greater than the displacement tonnage, the ship will ________." require ballast added to only the port side tanks be down by the head sink float D 如果船体浮力等于或大于船舶的排水量，船舶就能浮在水面上。“buoyant force、displacement tonnage”意为“浮力、排水量吨位”
32 The stability of a vessel is normally the greatest when all fuel and water tanks are full because the ________. center of gravity is lowered center of buoyancy is lowered reserve buoyancy is unchanged hull freeboard is increased A 当所有水舱和燃油舱都注满时，由于重心降低，船舶的稳性最好。
33 "________ thrust and resistance equal each other, the ship always travels at a constant speed." As long as As far as As well as Unless A 只要船舶的推力与阻力相等，船舶将匀速前进。“as long as…”意为“只要…”
34 "Wake varies considerably with the form of the vessel, but, generally speaking, the bluffer the ship ________ the wake value." the higher the lower the faster the slower A 船舶产生的伴流与船舶形态有很大关系。一般地说，船舶的线型越肥满，产生的伴流就越大。“wake”意为“【船】伴流，尾流，航迹”；“bluff”意为“船头平阔而垂直的，肥满线形的，非流线型的”
35 "In moving forward, a ship imparts forward motion to the water at the sterns this is known as ________." the speed of the vessel the speed of the propeller the wake the wake fraction
C 船舶前进时，带动艉部的水产生向前运动，这就是所谓的“伴流”。“impart M to N”意为“将M传授于（传给）N”
36 ________ can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine is either a steam turbine or a 2-stroke crosshead engine. The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engine The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engine The low speed 4-stoke piston engine A 中速四冲程筒状活塞式柴油机可见于大多数的中型和大型商船，即使其主机是蒸汽透平或是二冲程十字头式柴油机。“even if”意为“即使”。
37 "________ allows the engines to be placed wherever is most suitable, as they no longer have to be aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations."
Diesel engine propulsionDiesel electric propulsion Steam engine propulsion G as turbine propulsion B 柴油机电力推进系统的柴油机可布置在（机舱的）最佳位置，而不用象常规装置那样考虑柴油机与减速器和轴系的对中问题。
38 "Medium speed engines have a ________ power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes, but due to the higher speeds tend to have ________ maintenance intervals." higher / reduced higher / increased lower / reduced lower / increased A 中速机与低速二冲程机相比有较高的功率/重量比，但也因其高速使得维修间隔缩短。
39 Special thrust devices are provided on ships to improve their ________ at zero ship speed when the rudder is relatively ineffective. maneuvering capabilities starting capabilities stopping capabilities acceleration capabilities A 特殊的推进设备（侧推器）被安装在船舶上，在船速为零，无舵效时改善船舶的机动能力。
40 The diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine in that ________. both of them are ignited by compressed air both of them are the forms of external combustion engines both of them have spark plugs the power is developed by the piston in the cylinder D 柴油机和汽
油机的相似点在于都使用活塞传递功率。
41 The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is ________. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm they are connected to the propeller by gearing their smaller size and weight they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing C 越来越多的商船使用中速柴油机，原因在于它们体积小，重量轻。
42 Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that ________. steam rather than gas is used to turn a shaft vapor rather than gas is used to turn a shaft the former uses gas to turn a shaft the latter uses gas to turn a shaft C 燃气涡轮和蒸汽涡轮区别在于前者使用燃气驱动转轴。
43 A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called ________. REEEER
RO/RO SHIP CONTAINER TANKER A 被设计装载需要制冷的货物的船舶称为“REEEER”。
44 "The additional mark ________ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents the propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigating bridge control station, and engine room is watched by duty personnel." BRC MCC AUT-0 AUT-1 A 船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志BRC，代表了推进装置可以由驾驶台远程控制，机舱由轮机值班人员负责当班。
45 The additional mark ________ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents that personnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery and electronic devices. BRC MCC AUT-0 AUT-1 B 船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志MCC，代表了轮机人员集控室值班，监控所有机械和电子设备。
46 "The additional mark ________ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery means propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigating bridge control station, and engine assembly control station is watched by duty personnel." BRC MCC AUT-0 AUT-1
D 船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志AUT-1，代表了推进装置由驾驶台远控，轮机人员集控室值班（至少有一人）。
47 "The additional mark ________ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery means propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigating bridge control station, and engine assembly control station is unmanned periodically." BRC MCC AUT-0 AUT-1 C 船级证书中对于机械设备的附加标志AUT-0，代表了推进装置驾驶台远控，机舱无人值班。
48 (Piston area)×(Piston stroke)×(numbers of the cylinders)=engine ________. brake horsepower displacement cylinder volume cylinder clearance B 活塞面积×活塞冲程×气缸数＝发动机排量
49 The depth of fuel oil in a tank is normally measured through the ________. vent line
overflow line feed line sounding tube D 油舱深度通过测深管来测量。Sounding tube：测深管
50 Which of the devices listed is installed on a diesel engine to isolate some of the crankshaft vibrations caused by rotational and reciprocating forces? Planetary gear set Torsional vibration damper Friction clutch Air bladder clutch B "由于回转力和往复力造成的曲轴振动可以通过扭振减震器来隔离。
Torsional vibration damper：扭振减震器"
51 Critical speed in diesel engines occurs when engine torque pulsations become ________.
opposed to the crankshaft rocking couple resonant with the crankshaft natural frequency
critical fore and aft crankshaft vibrations horizontal whipping motions of the crankshaft
B 临界转速时柴油机的转矩波动和曲轴的自然频率发生共振。Resonant：引起共鸣的
52 "Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful propeller speed. In most reduction gears, the bull gear ________." must churn the oil in the sump is connected to the propeller shaft is driven at the highest RPM compensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear B "一些中高速柴油机需要减速箱来为螺旋桨提供合适的转速。在大多数减速箱中，从动齿轮是和螺旋桨轴相连的。
Bull gear：大齿轮, 从动齿轮；churn：搅乳器，搅拌, 搅动；compensate：偿还, 补偿, 付报酬；alignment variation：对中变化；pinion gear：小齿轮"
53 A clearly visible benefit of RT-flex system is their ________ operation at all ship speeds. This is achieved by the superior combustion performance. shock less smokeless no vibration noiseless B "RT-flex系统的明显好处是在如何船速下的无烟运行。这可以通过超级燃烧来实现。
Benefit：利益，好处，获益；superior：较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的"
54 The key feature of the Sulzer RT-flex system is that it gives complete freedom in the ________ and operation of fuel injection and exhaust valve actuation. metering control using timing D "Sulzer RT-flex系统的关键特色是在喷油定时和气阀定时方面的自如控制。
省却了凸轮轴，控制更加方便"
55 ________ is used for washing and drinking. The ballast system The salt water system
The bilge system The domestic system D 船舶日用水系统提供盥洗水和饮用水。
56 In heavy marine engine the practice is to drive the engine on ________ which has previously been stored in starting air reservoirs. electric motor hydraulic motor compressed air turning gear C 对于大型船舶柴油机，通常的做法是采用压缩空气（事先存放在压缩空气瓶内的空气）来起动的。
57 The development goals for a large marine engine are many often interact and in some cases even ________ with each other conflict accord harmonize struggle A 大型船舶发动机的发展目标往往是相互相成，有时甚至是相互冲突。注意点：conflict with…：与…相互冲突，抵触
58 The abbreviation ‘M/E’is used to represent the ________. measure equipment main electrical my engine main engine D "主机的缩略语是“M/E”。abbreviation：n.缩写, 缩写词"
59 Marine four-stroke diesel engines are mainly ________. of crosshead type of trunk piston type of low speed type all the above B 极大多数船用四冲程柴油机属于筒状活塞式。
60 We have stayed at Shanghai port for a long time. The fouling on the ship’s hull greatly increases her ________. power speed resistance t hrust force C 我们已在上海港停留
了很长时间。船体污染大大增加了船舶的阻力。
61 "________ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant vessels, because they have a high Hp/Weight ratio." Slow speed diesel engines Medium-speed diesel engines Steam engines Gasoline engines B 中速机作为商船的主机有增加的趋势是因为其具有较高的功率重量比。
62 Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ship (especially containerships and VLCCs) utilizes ________ as prime mover. gas turbine diesel engine steam engine gasoline engine B 当代大多数商船（特别是集装箱船和超大型油轮）都采用柴油机作为推进船舶的原动机。
63 "Typic al marine propulsion plants include ________ directly coupled to the vessel’s single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller." "a single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke diesel engine" "a single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine" "two medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel Engines" a variable-speed AC generator A 典型的船舶推进装置包括一台长冲程低速增压二冲程柴油机和一个大直径定矩桨，两者直接连轴。
64 "With ________, the engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller shaft."
Diesel engine propulsionDiesel electric propulsion Steam engine propulsion G as turbine propulsion B 对于柴电推进，发动机不必与减速箱或螺旋桨轴对中。
65 Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainly because ________. they have a high mechanical efficiency they have a high thermal efficiency they are more reliable they are good looking B 船舶上柴油机取代蒸汽机作为主机主要是因其热效率高。
66 "When ship is fouled, increasing the fuel injection for keeping the normal speed will cause the main engine ________ ."
to work as overload characteristic overspeed over mechanical load only over thermal load only A "当船体污染时，加大喷油量来保持正常船速将会导致主机以过载特性工作。
Foul：污脏的，污浊的(水、空气等)，恶臭的，难闻的壅塞的，纠缠的碰撞，缠结污底，污秽污染，弄脏使壅塞，绞缠；characteristic：adj.特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的，n.特性, 特征"
67 "When a ship is fully loaded, it needs to prevent the main engine to be ________. While a ship is fully empty, it needs to prevent the main engine to be ________." overspeed /overload overload/overspeed over mechanical load/over thermal load over torque/overspeed B 船
舶满载时需防过载，船舶空载时需防超速。
68 "Since the burning or combustion takes place within the engine itself, the engine is known as ________." a fire-tube boiler an internal combustion engine an external combustion engine an internal combustion generator B 由于发动机的燃烧发生在发动机本身之内，因此这种发动机是一种内燃机。
69 ________ is a source of power by which the diesel engine may operate. Water energy
Electrical energy Chemical energy Heat energy D 热能是发动机功率的来源。
70 The ________ engine is used for alternators and some times for main propulsion with a gearbox to provide a propeller of between 90 to 120 rpm. four-stroke two-stroke slow speed reversible A四冲程机一般用作交流发电机的原动机。有时也可用作主推进装置，但此时，往往需要带减速齿轮箱，以适应螺旋桨低速运行的需要。
71 "When a ship in loaded condition floats at arbitrary water line, its displacement is ________ to the relevant mass of water displaced by the ship." equal larger smaller equivalent
A "以任意吃水漂浮在水面上的载货船舶，它的排水量等于船体置换掉的相应质量的水。；ship in loaded condition 船舶处于有负载的状况；arbitrary 任意的water line (船的)吃水线,水位；displacement 排水量；equal to 等于，与……相等；relevant mass 相应的质量；displace 取代，置换"
72 "The displacement of a ship is ________ to the total weight, all told, of the relevant loaded ship." larger equal smaller equivalent B 船舶的排水量等于相应装载货物船舶的总重量。；total weight 总重量；all told 副词，表示总计，总共，合计，用在这里强调是载货船舶总共的质量。
73 Which one is not true? Two main areas of skill are involved in the construction of ship.
There are distinct divisions in responsibilities between naval architects and marine engineers.
Each ship will assume varying proportions according to its type. Ships can be divided into different categories from different perspectives. B 哪句话不正确？造船工程师与轮机员在职责上处于截然不同的区域。；（应该是在一些范围内有所重叠）；distinct divisions 截然不同的区域；naval architect 造船工程师，验船师；marine engineer 轮机员
74 Why a gearbox is needed in a ship driven by a medium-speed diesel engine? To reduce the main engine speed To increase the main engine speed To govern the main engine speed To fix the propeller shaft D 为什么中速柴油机驱动的船舶需要齿轮箱？为了安装固定螺旋桨轴。（即螺旋桨轴不是直接由主机带动的，而是连接到齿轮箱的）；gearbox 齿轮箱；fix 固定，安装，修理；propeller shaft 螺旋桨轴
75 "A propeller, in order to operate efficiently, must rotate at a relatively ________ speed."
high low fast lowly B 螺旋桨，为了更有效率的工作，必须以相对较低的速度旋转。；in order to 为了；efficiently 有效率地；relatively 相关的，相对的
76 "If the engine is naturally aspirated or is a small high-speed type with a centrifugal turbocharger, the period of valve overlap, i.e. when both valves are ________, will be ________, and the exhaust valve will close some 10°________ top dead center." open / short; after closed / short / after open / long / before closed / long / before A 如果柴油机是自然吸气型，或者是带有离心式废气涡轮增压器的小型高速机，则其气阀重叠角，即两个阀同时开启的时间，会比较短，而且排气阀将在上止点后10度左右关闭。；naturally aspirated 自然吸气；turbocharger 废气涡轮增压器；period of valve overlap 气阀重叠的时期，即气阀重叠角
77 "In order to control thermal stresses, some types of modern engines use pistons with ________." heavy wall and intensive cooling heavy wall and no cooling thin wall and no cooling thin wall and intensive cooling D 为了控制热应力，一些类型的现代柴油机采用薄壁强冷的活塞。；thermal stress 热应力；thin wall 薄壁；intensive cooling 强烈的冷却
78 A marine diesel engine is started by ________. supplying high pressure oil into a hydraulic motor supplying high temperature air into the cylinder supplying high pressure air into the cylinder electrical igniting C 船用柴油机通过提供压力很高的压缩空气进入气缸实现起
动。；high pressure air 高压空气，即储存在空气瓶的起动空气
79 The starting air system of an engine on board usually has interlocks in order to ________.
ensure a successful shutting down at emergency conditions ensure a successful starting at emergency conditions prevent the engine from starting at some abnormal conditions prevent the engine from starting at emergency conditions C 船用柴油机的起动空气系统通常有联锁装置用于防止柴油机在不正常的情况下起动。；interlock 联锁；in order to 为了；prevent …from …阻止…做…；abnormal 反常的，异常的
80 "In conventional systems, the injection pressure ________, while it’s ________ in common rail diesel engines." "fluctuates with the engine speed to some extent, independent of the engine speed" "keeps constant at all engine speed, dependent on the engine speed to some extent"
"keeps constant at all engine speed, independent of the engine speed." "is decided by the engine speed, constant at all engine speed" A 对于传统的柴油机（喷油）系统来说，燃油喷射压力随柴油机转速而变，而共轨柴油机的喷油压力与转速无关。；conventional 惯例的，传统的；injection pressure 喷油压力；fluctuates with 随……变动；independent of…独立于…，与…无关；common rail diesel engine 共轨柴油机；【注】：共轨系统与之前以凸轮轴驱动的柴油喷射系统不同，共轨式柴油喷射系统将喷射压力的产生和喷射过程彼此完全分开，电磁阀控制的喷油器替代了传统的机械式喷油器，燃油轨中的燃油压力由一个径向柱塞式高压泵产生，压力大小与发动机的转速无关，而由凸轮轴驱动控制的轴向柱塞式分配泵的发动机，燃油系统压力与发动机转速呈线性关系，在发动机低转速时形成燃油压力不足，而共轨系统能够在发动机的所有转速范围内获得非常高的燃油压力。
81 "In common rail engines, the fuel is ________ before is injected into the cylinders." stored in
a common fuel line pumped by the injection pump at low pressure already atomized A
对于共轨柴油机来说，燃油在喷入气缸之前储存在一个共同的燃油轨中。；common rail engine 共轨柴油机；common fuel line 共同的燃油轨，共轨（其实就是共用的一个油路）82 "In a common rail engine, the fuel is injected into cylinders ________." by injection pumps at a time decided by the injection pump timing by a signal opening the magnetic valves at a time decided by the cam directly C 对于共轨柴油机来说，当有信号开启电磁阀后，燃油才喷射入气缸。；common rail engine 共轨柴油机；magnetic valve 电磁阀；【注】：共轨柴油喷射系统中，电磁阀控制的喷油器替代了传统的由凸轮轴控制的机械式喷油器。83 "________ uses one or two high pressure pumps for all the cylinders with one more standby, while ________ have a separate high-pressure pump for each cylinder." "A common rail engine, conventional engines" "A conventional engine, common rail engines" "A marine diesel engine, most other engines" "A two-stroke engine, four-stroke engines" A 共轨柴油机使用一个或两个高压泵供油给所有气缸，还有一个高压泵备用；而传统柴油机各缸都有独立的高压油泵为之服务。；one more 还有一个，还多一个；standby 备用；separate 独立的，单独的
84 "A common rail engine has only one or two high pressure pumps in operation at the same time, and the injection into each cylinder ________." can’t be controlled very precisely can’t be controlled as flexibly as the separate pump system can be controlled as flexibly as the separate pump system can be controlled more precisely and flexibly D 共轨柴油机仅使用一个或两个高压泵供油给所有气缸，喷油可以被控制的更精确和更灵活。；common rail engine 共轨柴油机；flexibly 灵活的，柔软的；precisely 精确的；separate pump system （传统的凸轮轴控制的）各缸独立的柱塞泵系统
85 The common rail engines show great advantages in combustion especially ________. at
中华人民共和国海事局 2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______. A. cross-head B. spark plug C. connecting rod D. cylinder 2. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 RPM, is commonly classed as a ______. A. slow-speed diesel B. medium-speed diesel C. high-speed diesel D. constant-speed diesel 3.Which of the diesel engine components listed increases air density and helps to improve engine operating efficiency? A. Impeller B. Compressor C. After-cooler D. Exhaust diffuser 4.For a given size engine, the two-stroke/cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four- stroke/cycle diesel engine because ______. A. it has a longer power stroke B. more air gets into the cylinder each stroke C. it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speed D. higher combustion pressure is developed 5.The intake valves in a diesel engine are reseated by ______. A. cam followers B. push rods C. combustion gases D. valve springs 6.According to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be divided into two main systems, namely, the constant-pressure system and ______. A. the pulse-phase system B. the pulse Doppler system C. the pulse system D. the pulse interval system 7.An over-speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for______in the event of over- speed. A. cutting power off the engine B. increasing the fuel pump setting C. braking the crankshaft D. stabilizing the ship speed 8.What preventative maintenance should be done frequently to diesel engine starting air receivers? A. Drain the accumulated moisture. B. Test the relief valves. C. Watch the temperature to prevent fluctuations in pressure. D. Clean the interior to remove oil and foreign matter. 9.Immediately after any diesel engine is started, the engineer should check the ______. A. crankcase pressure B. lube oil pressure C. seawater pressure D. exhaust temperature 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______. A. friction clutches B. disconnect clutches C. reversing gears D. reduction gears 11.In motor ship, ______is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases from the main engine. A. an diesel oil heater B. a waste heat boiler C. a fresh water generator D. a donkey boiler 12.An exhaust gas bypass is installed on a waste heat boiler in order to ______. A. bypass exhaust gas at high loads to prevent excessive back pressure B. bypass a portion of the exhaust gas at peak loads for better efficiency C. recycle exhaust gas to the turbocharger D. minimize moisture condensation in the boiler gas passages at low loads 13.Prior to lighting off a cold automatically fired auxiliary boiler, you should ______. A. check and regulate the water level B. close the air cock once fires are lit C. blow down the gage glass D. assure protective steam flow 14.Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can mostly result from a/an ______. A. incorrect electrode setting B. incorrect nozzle position C. clogged fuel nozzle D. broken high tension lead 15.Waterside scale in a fire-tube boiler may cause ______. A. increased heat transfer B. fireside erosion C. high steam demand D. overheated tubes 16.Which of the following will be the advantage of a centrifugal pump as compared with a reciprocating pump? I. Its discharge is continuous; II. It has no internal valves; III. Upon accidental closing of discharge valve, excessive pressure will not build up A. I, II B. II, III C. I, II, III D. II only 17.Why are removable sleeves installed on centrifugal pump shafts? A. They make it easier to replace the pump shaft packing. B. They can be economically replaced as they wear out. C. They can be removed when it is necessary to lighten the weight of the pump. D. They increase the strength of the shaft. 18.If one of the bilge system manifold valves does not properly seat, the ______. A. bilge well connected to that valve, plus the second bilge well being pumped will be completely emptied B. bilge system will lose vacuum and prevent the other bilges from being pumped out C. bilge well aft connected to that valve will siphon(虹吸) its contents to the forward bilge wells D. discharge pressure will be too high. 19.Which of the listed statements is correct concerning the starting of centrifugal pumps? A. They should always be started with the discharge valve closed. B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened. C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction. D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed. 20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to ______. A. closely observe the pump discharge temperature B. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressure C. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressure D. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records
中华人民共和国海事局 2009年第5期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第48期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：803 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶大管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至82题，每题1分，第83题至94题，每题1.5分。 一、单项选择题： 1. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is . A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm B. they are connected to the propeller by gearing C. their smaller size and weight D. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing 2. The closing of the exhaust valves used on a modern, large, low-speed, main propulsion diesel engine may be directly provided by . A. large conical springs B. compressed air pressure C. hydraulic pressure D. exhaust gas pressure 3. One of the factors limiting the amount of toad which can be put on a modem marine diesel engine is the . A. governor sensitivity B. exhaust temperature C. fuel injection pressure D. speed of the cam shaft 4. The desirable properties or a marine fuel oil should inc lude . A. high flash point and high viscosity B. low flash point and high viscosity C. low heating value and high sulphur content D. high heating value and low sulphur content 5. As the plunger moves upwards in the barrel, injection will commence once the plunger bas the spill ports and the pressure builds up. A. opened up B. closed off C. lined up D. taken off 6. In an auxiliary diesel engine bypass type lubricating oil system, the main lube oil pump forces . A. all of the oil used by the engine through a filter B. some of the oil used by the engine through a filter C. some of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge D. all of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge 7. Because the circulating water is in a closed loop, is installed to cater for expansion and contraction of the water at different conditions of operation. A. an expansion joint B. a drain tank C. a head tank D. a contraction tank 8. The high air velocity leaving the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is converted to pressure in the . A. inlet nozzle ring B. turbine wheel blade C. diffuser passages D. inlet volute 9. is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to the cylinder air start valve. A. An air receiver B. An operating valve C. An automatic valve D. An air distributor 10. Diesel engines driving alternators operating in parallel must maintain a set frequency regardless of load changes. The governor characteristic used to accomplish this is known as . A. actuation B. sensitivity C. compensation D. promptness 11. By comparing the exhaust gas temperature of each cylinder, the operator can determine if the load is balanced throughout the engine. The device most commonly used is a . A. tachometer B. pyrometer C. dynamometer D. calorimeter 12. When the ship is going to enter into the harbor, ____. A. change from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil for main engine B. pumping out bilge water C. change sea chest from high level one to lower level one D. test emergency generator 13. If the jacket water temperature rises rapidly above normal in a diesel engine, you should first . A. place standby cooler in operation B. reduce engine toad C. check thermostatic valve D. clean sea water strainer 14. Air cocks, usually positioned at the in a circulating system, is used to get rid of the air in the system. A. bending joint B. expansion tank C. weld D. the highest point 15. Which of the following conditions could contribute to the cracking of a diesel engine cylinder head? A. Leaking seal ring B. Insufficient heat transfer from the exhaust valves C. Blocked cooling water passages to the head D. Excessive scavenging air provided to the engine 16. of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of' crank webs for each unit of the engine. A. Misalignment B. Length C. Strength D. Stresses 17. can be a direct cause of faulty operation of diesel engine fuel injection nozzles. A. Excessive fuel nozzle holder cooling B. Sediment in the fuel supply C. Distortion of the fuel spray pattern D. Improper atomization of the fuel 18. When fuel is injected late into a diesel engine cylinder . A. the exhaust will be clear B. fuel consumption will be low C. all the fuel will be burned at top dead center D. fuel consumption will be high 19. A large change in ambient temperature, or using an oil of a viscosity different than the one recommended by the manufacturer in a mechanical hydraulic governor, will result m the need to adjust the . A. pilot valve opening B. compensating needle valve C. compensating spring tension D. accumulator spring tension 20. Which of the following factors tends to increase scale formation on the saltwater side of a heat exchanger used in a diesel engine cooling water system? A. Baffle plates that have been bent during prior removal. B. Leaks m the cooler tube nest. C. Operating the engine while maintaining a high sea water outlet temperature. D. A punctured sea water strainer supplying cooling water to the heat exchanger. 21. If the scavenge fire is of a more major nature, if there is a risk of the fire extending or if the scavenge trunk is adjacent to the crankcase with risk of a hot spot developing it sometimes becomes necessary to the engine. A. stop B. start C. speed up D. slow down 22. In an operating diesel engine, which of the following conditions is an indication of a leaking air starting valve?
中华人民共和国海事局 2007年第2期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第43期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1.______ the engines, the diesel engine is ______ used engine on board. A. Between/more commonly B. Among/the most commonly C. Between/not more commonly D. Among/ not the most commonly 2.The average pressure exerted on a piston during each power stroke is termed ______. A. indicated horsepower B. mean effective pressure C. exhaust back pressure D. compression pressure 3.The cetane number rates fuels for diesel engines according to its ______. A. antiknock characteristics B. ignition qualities C. rates of vaporization D. viscosity 4.The time between injection and ignition of the fuel is known as ______. A. turbulence lag B. after burning ratio C. pre-ignition lag D. ignition delay 5.______ controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion. A. The viscosity regulator B. The temperature controller C. The flow meter D. The pressure switch 6.Constant cooling the various components of diesel engine has a number of functions except for ______. A. good lubrication B. low thermal stress C. good mechanical properties D. acid corrosion 7. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known as a/an ______. A. torque limiter B. over-speed trip C. over-speed governor D. load limit governor 8.Engine speeds at which resonance can occur are termed ______. A. maximum speeds B. full speeds C. sea speeds D. critical speeds 9.Prolonged operation of a diesel engine with a closed cooling water system at lower than normal designed operating temperatures can ______. A. increase power output B. decrease lube oil viscosity C. eliminate fuel knock D. cause sulfuric acid formation 10.______ on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller. A. The automatic control system B. The speed regularly system C. The transmission system D. The compression air system 11.In a _____ boiler the hot gases from the furnace pass through the tubes while the water is on the outside. A. water-tube B. fire-tube C. exhaust gas D. composite 12.The fuel supply system to an automatic auxiliary boiler, will be automatically shutdown if the boiler ______. A.salinity is abnormally B.high steam demand is too high C.feed-water flow is low D.water level is abnormally low 13.The water in a steaming auxiliary boiler should be tested daily for ______. A. dissolved oxygen B. chlorides C. sludge D. dissolved nitrogen 14.Ignition failure in an automatically controlled auxiliary boiler could be caused by ______. A. carbon deposits on the flame scanner B. high fuel oil temperature C. low fuel oil viscosity D. high steam pressure 15.The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water of an auxiliary boiler can increase as a result of ______. A. seawater contamination B. frequent surface blows C. dissolved oxygen de-aeration D. frequent bottom blows
5.2 MARPOL73/78 公约 5.2.1 MARPOL73/78 公约中有关含油污水的排放规则 3192. If it becomes necessary to pump bilges while a vessel is in port, which of the following procedures should be followed? A. Pump only if the discharge is led to a shore tank or barge. B. Pump only during the hours of darkness. C. Pump only on the outgoing tide. D. Pump only as much as is necessary. 3193. The scuppers should be plugged _____. A. only if fixed containment is not used B. only if portable containment is not used C. only if fixed containment drains are open D. whenever the vessel is being bunkered 3194. When discharging bilge water, which criteria must be observed? A. The requirement for the oil content of bilge water discharged is 15 ppm. B. No discharge in sensitive waters. C. Any discharge in sensitive waters. D. International, national or local requirements have to be observed. 3195. When bilge water is heated in a holding tank, which one of the following statements is not accurate? A. The relative high temperature facilitates primary gravity separation. B. Most of the oil and organic solvents are raised to the top layer. C. The relative high the temperature is, the top oil will be collected. D. The normal high temperature has little use on the separation of emulsified oil. 3196. If an oil spill occurs on deck, you should _____. A. cover the area with foam B. cover the area with absorbent material C. wash down immediately with a fire hose D. wash down immediately with an oil dispersing solvent 3197. Which of the following methods might favor oil emulsion in bilge water? A. Raising temperature. B. Less use of surfactant C. More use of solvent.
试题二十三 一、单项选择题： 1.Because the castings of smaller engines are not so big and heavy, ______ and cylinder block may be made in one piece. A. the column B. the jacket C. cylinder cover D. cylinder liner 2.______ of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of crank webs for each unit of the engine. A. Misalignment B. Length C. Strength D. Stresses 3. A common trouble with the fuel pump plungers or fuel valve spindle is______. A. broken down B. stuck C. oil leakage D. carbonized 4.Diesel fuel oil having a low cetane rating can result in ______. A. improved cold weather starting B. smoother engine operation C. combustion knock D. reduce ignition lag 5.______ is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can be provided from a storage tank. A. A filter B. A centrifuge C. A distiller D. A generator 6.The emulsion of the oil is mainly caused by ______. A. the solid impurities of large particle B. the solid impurities of fine particle C. the water content D. both water and solid impurities 7.Cylinders of marine diesel engines are normally cooled by ______. A. sea water B. fine mineral oil C. sanitary water D. fresh water 8.______ are fitted in the exhaust system and facilitate charge removal and scavenging in each cylinder. A. Diffusers B. Compressors C. Steam boilers D. Soot blowers 9.______ device is provided to prevent starting air from being admitted to the cylinder before the reversing is completed. A. An automatic B. A transmission C. A self-regulating D. An interlocking 10.The difference between a supercharged engine and an un-supercharged engine is that ______ operates at an increased pressure. A. the later B. the latter C. the former D. the farmer 11.______ for attachment to the propeller shaft also accommodates the turning gear and is integrally forged with the crankshaft. A. The coupling flange B. The camshaft C. The cross-head pin D. The cylinder jackets 12.A(n) ______is a chemical or electro-chemical attack on the metal surface which may be further increased if the sea-water is polluted. A. errosion B. corrosion C. cavity D. scouring 13.The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston coming up from the bottom of its stroke, with scavenge ports in the sides of the cylinder being ______. A. shut B. closing C. opened D. closed 14.The governor of a generator engine is to ______. A. make the engine stop
11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译（三） 作者：系统管理员来源：发布时间： [2014-02-25] 点击数： 683 1.2.2 1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______. A. piston B. connecting rod C. cylinder D. spark plug D柴油机与汽油机相似除了柴油机没有火花塞 2. Fuel oil begins to inject into the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine during the _____. A. intake stroke B. exhaust stroke C. power stroke D. compression stroke D燃油开始喷射进入柴油机气缸是在压缩冲程末 3. Oil for piston cooling is delivered through rod to a compartment in the piston heat, then distributed as a result of piston motion, and finally drained to the crankcase through one or more holes or pipes; this procedure is known as the _____. A. splash method B. spray method C. shaker method D. throw-off method C活塞冷却油通过活塞杆进入一个空间，由于活塞的往复运动，将通过一些小孔管加热，分配最后排放冷却油到曲轴箱，这个过程被称为震荡冷却 4. Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depend upon______. A. fine atomization B. high temperature C. good mixing of fuel and air D. any one of the other alternatives D柴油机气缸内完全燃烧取决于良好雾化，高温，以及燃油空气的良好混合 5. The function of diesel engine valve springs is to ______. A. hold the valves open B. keep the valves off their seats until the exhaust stroke is completed C. close the valves D. open inlet valves when the air injection cycle begins C 柴油机阀件弹簧的作用是关闭阀 6. Cast iron pistons used in large propulsion diesel engines are constructed with_____. A. no taper B. the skirt being tapered and smaller than the crown C. the skirt being tapered and larger than the crown D. the crown being tapered and smaller than the skirt D 使用在大型推进装置的铸铁活塞的建造是使用活塞头呈锥面，并且小于活塞裙