考研英语:历年完型填空词汇
考研英语:历年完型填空词汇汇总
variety，multiplicity，diversity多样，不同
variety
①表示“（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样”，强调个体之间的差异，常用a~of
awidevarietyofsandwiches种类繁多的三明治
②还可指“多变，多样化”，强调活动、范围等的变化性
Weneedmorevarietyinourwork.我们需要工作中多点儿花样。
diversity
①表示“（人、物、观点的）多种多样”，强调多样性
②同variety②同variety②
multiplicity
“大量，多种多样”，强调数量多amultiplicityofdifferentfactors多种不同因素
impulse，motive，incentive，spur动机，推动力
impulse
指促使做某事、促使发展或进步的推动力
togiveanimpulsetothestrugglingcarindustry给与挣扎中的汽车工业一点刺激
还可以指一时的冲动tendtoactonimpulse任凭一时冲动行事
motive
指任何使人产生行动的动机、原因、目的，可以是感情、愿望等
incentive
指鼓励、鼓动人去行动的刺激物，经常是奖赏
Thereisnoincentiveforpeopletosavefuel.没有使人们节约燃料的鼓励办法。
spur
褒义成分多，指使人想要更好、更快地做事情的刺激、鞭策
Hisspeechwasapowerfulspurtoaction.他的讲话很有鼓动力。
quick，apt，prompt，ready均含“能够迅速地做出反应”之意
quick
强调动作的即时性及速度很快，且常用于形容天生的快速反应的能力
aquickworker/learner动作敏捷的工人/接受能力强的学生
apt
强调（人）因拥有如高智商、某种天赋等天生的能力而能快速反应的
anaptstudent天资聪颖的学生
prompt
（人）迅速行动、不耽搁的，准时的
Pleasebepromptwhenattendingthesemeetings.参加上述会议，请准时出席。
ready
愿意随时行动的，急于行动的
Iwasveryangryandreadyforafight.我非常生气，想打一架。
也可以指“聪明的'、机敏的”areadywit头脑机敏
final
可指在顺序上的最后，且往往含有使过程结束的意思
Therefereeblewthefinalwhistle.裁判吹响了终场的哨声。
last
指在顺序上排在最后的，但并不一定意味着终结或完成
terminal
含有增长、发展到达极限的意思，如“（疾病）不治的，晚期的”，“（坏的局面）无法挽回的”
terminalcancer/decline晚期癌症/一蹶不振
eventual
指必然会随着某些前因而来的最终结果，并且意味着这一系列作为前因的事件已确定终结
theeventualdefeatoftheenemy敌人最终被战败
ultimate
指一个长过程已达最高程度或最后阶段的，且超越这一程度的发展变化是无法实现的
theultimategoaloftheconference这次会议的最终目标
faint，obscure，vague，dim模糊的
faint
指光、声、味等微弱、不清楚a~smellofperfume淡淡的香水味
obscure
强调难以理解an~styleofwriting晦涩的写作风格
vague
1、指思想或行为上模糊、茫然a~expression茫然若失的表情
2、指提供的信息不具体、不详细~instructions笼统的指示
dim
1、形容光线暗淡，看不清楚a~room昏暗的房间
external，exterior外部的，外在的
exterior
“外部的，外表的”，强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分
exteriorwalls/surfaces外墙/外层表面
external
①同exterior同exterior
②“外界的，外来的”，指非来自于事物本身或非本质的acombinationofinternalandexternalfactors内外因结合
hidden，implicit，potential隐藏的，潜在的
hidden
强调不外露、不明显，有时含有贬义ahiddenillness/hand隐疾/幕后黑手
implicit
（语言上）含蓄的，不直接言明的implicitcriticism含蓄的批评
potential
“潜在的，可能的”，指将来可能形成的
potentialbenefit/harm可能带来的益处/害处
integral，indispensable，essential，vital必需的，不可缺少的
integral
表示“（构成整体所）必需的，是（整体的）基本部分的”
Musicisanintegralpartoftheschool‘scurriculum.音乐是这所学校课程中基本的一环。
essential/vital
不强调与整体的关系，强调“（在某种情况下、为达成某目的等时）不可缺少，极为重要的”；一般指物，且可用于
Itis~todosth/that…的结构中
Experienceisessential/vitalfor/tothisjob.对于这项工作，经验是不可或缺的。
indispensable
含义同essential；可指物，还可修饰人，或用~tosb，表示“对某人不可或缺”
见essential/vital；anindispensableworker必不可少的工作人员
考研英语完型填空练习题及答案（一） Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spiritsrose. We__1__towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rathersteeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off themountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the cloudswere forming all around us. About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but wewere concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we wereblinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , gettingcolder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a handout of my glove to warm them. After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoidbeing frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, todescend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to thisbuttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 ourtent. We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first mycompanion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and hecheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we didthis as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell
The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
2016考研英语：完型填空都考什么 完型填空在考研英语复习中的位置其实是一个比较尴尬的角色，因为大部分考生会把主要精力放在考研英语阅读和作文的攻克上，相比这两大部分而言，完型填空的分值确实相对较少，但并不等于可以就此放过。在2016考研的战场上，一分可能就是成功与失败的距离。今天我们就通过考研英语真题来看看，完型填空的那个“空”到底想考查什么。 【相关真题】 As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses
2018考研英语：完型真题内容浅析 1.完型简介 完型填空其实质就是一篇短小精悍的英语阅读，只不过将这篇阅读挖了20个空出来，每个空0.5分，共10分。在阅读中，中心句一般出现在首位段或每段的首尾句。完型既然类似于阅读，那也具有这样的特点。所以，我们在做完型的时候要去精读第一句，而且第一句通常也不会挖空，有利于我们去理解主要内容。完型的做题方式虽然有技巧可言，但文都英语老师还是希望小伙伴们可以在具有一定实力的基础上，再采用一些技巧，这样才能在考研英语完型中立于不败之地。 2.考试内容 考研完形填空考查的内容主要分为两部分：⑴词汇：主要指形近词及近义词的辨析和词汇搭配；⑵语法知识：包括逻辑关系和句子基本结构，也就是我们通常所说的并列、转折、强调、递进等逻辑关系，及句子的结构等。下面我们以2001年的完型真题为例进行分析：Concerns were raised49witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court50guilty verdicts. 49.A.what B.when C.which D.that 50.A.assure B.confide C.ensure D.guarantee 这个题目中包含了两个知识点：即语法知识点和词汇知识点。我们来仔细看下。49题，concerns were raised，先看下四个选项what,when,which,that,这四个词都是从句的引导词，那这个横线处要填的肯定是个从句了。Raise是个动词,raise出现了后面一定是个宾语从句吗？并不完全如此。为什么？我们看到这个地方，这里were raised是个什么语态？被动语态。Concerns were raised,concerns被提起来，被什么提起来呢？被人提起来。那么如果把它变成主动就是people raised concerns,这个时候它已经不再是一个宾语从句了。在被动语态下面是没有宾语从句的。因此我们可以发现，在这里were raised对我们来说是没有用的，这个从句是和concerns有关的。确切的说，这里的被动语态将concerns 和它的从句分割开来。是concerns+引导词这样一个结构:People raised concerns (), concerns是个名词，和名词有关的从句有定语从句和同位语从句。那到底是定语从句还是同位语从句呢？我们再来看它是一个什么样的结构。主语witnesses,谓语might be encouraged,宾语to exaggerate their stories,这是完整的结构，包括主谓宾。在干什么呢？在解释说明concerns是什么。我们知道定语从句是修饰、限定名词范围的从句，同位语从句是解释、说明名词内容的从句。同位语从句用引导词that引导，因此这个题选D. 我们再来看下第50题。这是语法中的词汇辨析的部分。大家可以发现 A.assure和C.ensure长的特别像，as-和en-开头都是动词，assure和ensure。在完形填空中如果出现形近词时，正确答案一般都是在形近词中选择一个。从字面意思来看，这里的assure,ensure 都是“保证”的意思，包括guarantee也是“保证”的意思，但是一般形近词出现，都是在形近词中选一个，也就是在A和C中选择一个。这个题中，assure和ensure是形近，又是意近，更是我们考查的重点了。但是这两个词该选哪一个呢？这里考查的词汇的搭配问题。
2015年考研英语（一）深度解析：完型 1. [A] what 【解析】此题考查疑问代词辨析：题干中过去分词短语published from the University of California and Yale University…作后置定语，修饰study，而真正的句子主干是That is 1 a study has 2 .简化后的句子可以让我们清晰地看出第一题要说的是研究study的具体内容是what，不是方式how，也不是原因why，更不是时间when。 2. [B] concluded 【解析】此题考查动词辨析：同第一题一样，根据简化的句子That is what a study has 2 来解题。题目选择的动词是说明study怎样才有了上面what表示的内容。所以此题选择concluded“推断;得出结论”。其他的动词据不符合要求。 3. [D] on 【解析】此题考查介词辨析：根据题干The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects的要求，所选择的介词能用在conduct“实施;进行”之后，又得和subject 搭配，所以这个题目应该选择on，构成on some subjects“关于某类主题”。 4. [C] compared 【解析】此题考查动词辨析：通过观察题干，我们发现第4题位于which引导的定语从句之内，作从句的谓语动词。Which修饰主句的主语study“研究”，如此补全定语从句就是： The study 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers…所以正确答案选择C。该项研究是对比所选择的两个样本。其他选项都不符合题意。 5. [C] samples 【解析】此题考查名词辨析：The same people were used in both 5 .通过观察题干，我们发现第5题空前的单词是both，表示“两者都…”。而上文中提到两者的只有“unrelated friends”和“unrelated strangers”，即这项研究的两个样本，所以答案选择C. samples“样本”。 6.[A] insignificant 【解析】此题考查形容词辨析和让步关系：题干While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist句首的While引导让步状语从句，同时提示我们逗号后和逗号前的内容形成一定程度上的对立关系，而且作者的表达重点位于逗号之后，1%的数量对于基因研究者来说影响程度很大。那么对于普通人而言这个数据就显得微不足道了。正确答案只能选择A。 7. [C] know 【解析】此题考查动词辨析和转折关系：题干Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin中说“大多数人甚至不他们的第四代表亲，但是尽量选择和亲属人作为朋友”。even“甚至”这一个词就提示我们应该本题只能选择know“了解，认识”，其他选项都不符合题目要求。 8. [D] resemble
考研英语完型填空：Use of English 在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整 一、完形填空文章的特点 1. 2. 1)主题（focus） 2)导向性或作者态度的倾向性（观点和态度） 3.短文通常包含三部分基本结构 1)主题呈现 ①文首直接点题 ②用引子（如与主题相关的背景，与论点相似或相对立的观点等）引出主题，主题句在文中或文末出现 2)主题展开 ①提出问题或表述观点后，要对其进行分析、论证，即展开主题 ②主题展开方式，主要体现在短文段落的划分（论述的层次）及各段主题的安排（分论点）上 3)作结 ①下结论 ②提建议 ③概括、总结全文 ④描述事件发展的结果、影响 4. 1)总述是对分述的总结和概括-（中心主线） 2)分述是对总述的展开和祥述-（确保主线贯穿全文） 5. 二、考查要求：能够熟练运用考试大纲要求的英语词汇及语法知识 1.语言要素(包括词汇、语法即表达方式和结构) ① ② 2.语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等) ① 四、完形填空考查内容: 1.词汇知识:形近词及近义词的（动词短语、介词短语）辨析；词汇搭配；一词多义 2.语法知识: 句子基本结构；逻辑关系；上下文语法搭配 ①六大逻辑关系：转折、让步、因果、并列、总分、递进 ②六类从句用法：主宾表，定状同 ③介词含义和用法 ④副词的程度与频率 ⑤句子内部语法结构 3.阅读能力:句子内部信息获取；上下文信息获取；上下文语意关系
五、命题特点： 1.一篇完整的文章=未知信息（20处填空）+已知信息，通过已知信息破解未知信息 2.文章的语言难度显然低于阅读理解题，甚至低于大纲样题 3.干扰选项也多是常用词汇，设置时考虑了内容和结构两方面的完整性与合理性 4.命题大大弱化了对词汇及语法的单纯考查，而加重了对语段特征的辨识能力的考查，即加大了测试语篇水平理解题， 特别是上下文衔接题的比列 六、真题当选选项分布特点 1.A、B、C、D的个数在4个到6个之间，5个最常见 2.几乎没有连续3个答案都一样的情况，连续两个答案都一样的情况在0到3个之间 七、解题思路: 1. ①初步把握：篇章主题、文章基调与作者观点、态度，以及文章的脉络结构（段落划分、段落主题、行文逻辑） 2. ①先解答比较容易、有把握的题目 ②先从整体着手，再根据不断增多的文章信息推断细节 3.第三步：基本完成解题后，需要再读全文，已进行检查 4.解题过程中要时刻具备“语篇意识”，注意选项在上下文语境中是否通顺、连贯、合理 八、完形“十二类”标准题型对应解决方法（相关已知信息提示-线索定位分析法） 欲解出一个未知填空，首先需要在文章的已知信息中定位所有与这个未知填空相关联的已知信息点（线索），通过这些已知的信息点的分析总结，推断出未知填空的答案 对整篇文章从结构布局、上下文关系到句子内部结构进行层层分析，从各个层次定位未知填空的相关已知线索，从已知信息破解未知信息 相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律： ①句子内部：每处具体的未知填空都处在一个具体的句子之中，因此与未知填空相关联的已知信息往往处在于此句子 之中，也就是说此未知填空的附近 ②上下文：由于完形文章的上下文之间往往有着明显的逻辑关系，因此一些与填空相关联的已知信息也会分布在此填 空所在句子的上下文中 ③整个意群、段落、文章的结构中：除了看未知填空所在的句子、所在句子的上下句之外。还有一些相关联的已知 信息需要从填空处的整个意群、段落、文章的结构和文章的中心主线所包含的信息去查找
XX考研英语完型六大解题技巧 为了让考生更易于理解文章内容，命题人在设计完型试题时， 总是保留一个完整的的主旨表达句。大家知道，文章的开头很重要，往往开宗明义点出文章主题。因此，整篇文章的提示句往往在开头。考生应充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。 只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章 的理解。明白了各部分是如何为表现主题思想服务的，也就更容易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容，因此就更容易选准答案了。这要求考生具有扎实的英语词组、短语、习惯用法等英语搭配的知识，这对于理解文章的逻辑关系特别有利。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。 表示列举的连词：first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude… 表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that… 表示结果的连词：so, therefore, thus, hence, aordingly, consequently, as a result 表示让步和转折的连词：however, nevertheless, noheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever
考研英语完型填空之答 案详解 LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】
摘选自星火图书《考研英语各个击破系列——完形填空三步突破法》 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subject s’ behavior. The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself. After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down. 1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored 2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off 3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof 4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous 5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments 6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work 7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as 8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion 9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant 10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by 11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows. One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. “Can I help you, Madam?”She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__. “Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.”“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.” Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly. 16. [A] so [B] more [C] else [D] another 17. [A] taking [B] making [C] fixing [D] keeping 18. [A] buy [B] bought [C] buying [D] to have bought 19. [A] in a way [B] by the way [C] in the way [D] on the way 20. [A] behind [B] round [C] back [D] on 21. [A] doubted [B] wondered [C] puzzled [D] delighted 22. [A] at [B] for [C] with [D] in 23. [A] Why [B] When [C] How [D] What 24. [A] jump [B] leap [C] laugh [D] wonder 25. [A] place [B] back [ C] side [D] front
考研英语完形填空答案 解析 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]
2014年考研英语(一)完型填空题解析 SectionI??UseofEnglish 1、【答案】Awhere 【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，因此正确答案为A。 2、【答案】Bfades 【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。由语境确定B。 3、【答案】Bwhile 【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面句之间是转折关系，因此正确答案为B。 4、【答案】Adamaging 【解析】本句的句义同第3题。通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。 5、【答案】Cwell-being 【解析】本句的句义同第3题。这里需要填入的是表示个人生活状态的词，因此 well-being符合题意，表示个人的幸福。 6、【答案】Dturn 【解析】It代表神经科学，它的结果是，大脑也跟我们的肌肉一样，也需要进行锻炼……这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择turnout。 7、【答案】Cworkout 【解析】……适当的精神训练能够明显改善我们的基本认知……。Workout有锻炼练习的意思，因此正确答案为C。 8、【答案】Dfunctions
above all 最重要的是 adolescence 青春期 advantage in 优势在 after all 毕竟，终究，最后 ancestor 祖先，先辈 be worn into 进入 better still 更好的是 bloodline 血统 by accident 偶然 casual 随意的 collaboration 合作 comply with 服从 comprehensive 综合的 consider 考虑 decisiveness 决定性 derive from 来源于 determine 确定，测定，查明 dimmer 更暗淡的 distant 久远的 equivalent 对等的 faithfulness 忠诚度 fantastic 极好的，了不起的 foster 培养，鼓励 fundamental 基本的 herd 羊群，人群 high-priced 代价高 implications 含义，推断 implicitly 含蓄地，暗中 in time 及时 in ways of which inclination to/for 倾向 inconclusive 不确定的 incredibe 不可思议的 indefinite 无限的 inevitable 不可避免的 inherently 内在地 invisible 看不见的 kinship 亲属关系 kit 成套装备 lest 以免 mechanical 机械的 moderate 缓和，节制 observe 观察 off the starting line 从一开始 on the mind of 挂在心上 overlap 重叠 paradoxical 非常奇怪 patent 专利 paternal 父亲般的 perpetuated 使永久存在 prescription 处方 preservation 保留，保存 priority over 优先权 promotion 推广 put forward 提出 rut 车辙，无味儿的生活 spontaneous 自发的，无意识的 sum up 总计 suppose 假设 tended to 趋向于做；常 用于描述实验结论 tendency to 趋势于 threatened to 恐吓要做 turn out 结果（未预料到） unreflecting 不顾前后的，不反 射的 upkeep 抚养，保养 wistful 伤感的 work through 解决问题 coincide with 与...相关 uniqueness 独特性 diffusion 传播 reinforce 加强 solidarity 团结 ritual 仪式 advancing toward perfection 走 向完善 virtually 几乎 groundbreaking 开创性的 biological 生物的 anthropology 人类学 pottery 陶瓷 inadequate 不充分的 tuition 讲授 schooling 学校教育 enlarge 扩大 institution 机构 by-product 副产品 act upon 起作用 disposition 性情 It may be said ...或许可以说 conduct 运作，执行 While...句子 虽然 cannot help doing 忍不住... incidental 次要的 end up doing 最终成为（意料 之外） end with sth 以...结束（意料之中） controlversial 争议的 perplexing 复杂的 mischievous 淘气的 ambiguous 模糊的 asseessment 评估 sentiment 情绪 conclude 断定 for fear that 以免 in case that 万一 so/as long as 只有 illusion 错觉 duly 如期地 surpassing 超越 therefore 因此（因果） furthermore 此外（递进） meanwhile 同时（时间） shop-floor lighting 车间照明 extracted 提取，榨取 excessive 过度的 be subjected to 经受，被用于 parallel with 相似 peculiar to 对...而言 implications 含义，暗示 disputable 有争议的 enlightening 有启发的，使人领 悟的 in consequence 因此 as usual 往常一样 ceased to 停止做 retain 留住 art criticism 艺术评论 dailies 日报 elaborate 讲究的 layout 布局 radical 激进的 contemptible 卑鄙的 dispute 争议 reputation 名望 cater 迎合 specialists 专家 amateur 业余的 horizon 视野 mournful 令人悲伤的 prominent 优秀的 transaction 交易 dismissed 开除 dignity 尊严 immune 免疫 esteem 敬重