初中英语语法之一：词类
1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.)：代词pronoun简称pron是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。
分类例词
人称代词 I我you你he他she她they他们me我（宾格）you你（宾格）him他
（宾格）her她（宾格）them他们（宾格）人称代词可用作主语,表语,宾语以及介词。，
物主代词 my我的his他的your你的（your你们的）their他们的her她的，形容
词性物主代词可用作定语。如：I love my country. 我热爱我的国家。Is this your car? 这是
你的汽车吗?
指示代词 this这that那these这些those 那些，指示代词在句中作主语, 宾语, 表语,
定语。That is a red car. 那是一辆红色汽车。What do you like? I like this. 你喜欢什么? 我
喜欢这个。
反身代词 myself我自己himself他自己themselves他们自己，反身代词可用作宾语,
表语,主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调"本人,自己"。如：I am teaching
myself computer. 我自学计算机。Take good care of yourself. 把自己照顾好。
疑问代词 who谁what什么which哪个，疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般
放在句子的最前面，在句中可用作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如：Who is here just now? 刚才
谁在这儿? Whom are you looking for? 你在找谁? 疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句,
也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语,宾语,表语等成分。What we should do
is still unknown. 我们该干什么仍然还不知道。I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找谁。
不定代词没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用的有：
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every, few,little, many, much, no,none,neither,one, other,some以及由some, any, no, every 和body, one, thing 构成的复合词。
不定代词代替名词或形容词.在句中可用作主语, 宾语，表语和定语。如：Everybody should
be here in time tomorrow. 明天大家都要按时到。I know nothing about it. 这件事情我一点都不知道。
关系代词which……的物who……的人that……的人或物who谁that引导定语从
句，它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词
或代词。如：This is the students whose name is Wang Hua. 这就是名叫王华的学生。I
know what he is coming to get. 我知道他来要拿什么东西。
相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在
运用中，这两组词没什么区别。如：They love each other.他们彼此相爱。
连接代词 who, whom, whose,what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 替代词one(单数),ones(复数）用于替代前面出现的同类事物。
3、形容词(adj..)：
概述
形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。
She is a good student, and she works hard.
她是一个好学生,她学习努力。
This bike is expensive.
这辆自行车很贵。
I am sorry, I'm busy now.
对不起,我现在很忙。
Have you got everything ready for the meeting?
你为这次会议做好准备了吗?
形容词在句中的位置:
形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。
英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在不定代词后面。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
Is there anything interesting in the film?
电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？
There is nothing dangerous here.
这儿一点都不危险。
由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
This is the book easy to read.
这是一本容易读的书。
用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。
You can take any box away, big or small.
这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。
以-ly结尾的形容词
1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错）She sang lovely.
（错）He spoke to me very friendly.
（对）Her singing was lovely.
（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
一般与被修饰名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：
限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square
新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词
old + brown + wood + table
典型例题
1）Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A.little two other
B. two little other
C.other two little
D.little other two
答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。
4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
1）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为三类，
分别是：系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。
还可以分成及物动词和不及物动词
系动词
系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特
征等情况。
说明：
有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。
1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。
3）表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5）变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。
6）终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
助动词
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式
时态\语态主动被动
一般式to do to be done
完成式to have done to have been done
2）动名词
时态\语态主动被动
一般式doing being done
完成式having done having been done
3）分词
时态\语态主动被动
一般式doing being done
完成式having done having been done
否定形式：not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词
一个动词可以在有的场合下及物，有的场合下又不及物。像“kick”这个动词，在“kick the ball”里，“kick”是“及物”动词，“及”什么“物”呢？这里的“物”就是“ball”；但是如果只说“kick”,就是“蹬，跺”，“我跺脚”就只是“I kick”2个词就够了，一个主语一个谓语，我跺脚的动作不
涉及宾语，不涉及我跺了什么，就是我跺脚这个动作而已。
这就是一般句子的基本结构，再复杂的长句也只是往这个基本结构里面添加丰富这个基本结构的修饰性的内容了，像定语（修饰名词），状语（修饰形容词和动词）。
以上是最最基本的句子结构了，别的一些像起始句啊倒装句啊强调句啊什么的，还有各种从句，都是在这个基本结构上稍稍变化而来，先把这个句子的基本结构掌握透彻，这些别的问题自然迎刃而解的。
情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
情态动词有四类：
①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
④情态动词表猜测。
实义动词意思完全，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词（及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词）即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种。
实义动词和系动词的区别：系动词固定要用形容词来修饰，而实义动词，固定要用副词来修饰。比如：The dinner smells good.(smell是感官动词，要用good来修饰而不能用 well)再如：Linda keeps running fast.(keep是延续性动词，要用形容词fast 修饰，而不能说quickly)另：they played the game happily.（play是实义动词，因此要用副词happily 修饰。）
6、副词(adv.)：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的词
副词及其基本用法
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置：
在许多情况下，副词都放在所修饰的动词后面或句末。如：The girl dances very well. 这个女孩跳舞跳得好。
有时也放在主语后面，谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。如：He angrily closed the door. 他生气地把门关上了。
句中的副词如碰上助动词，则通常放在助动词之后、主要动词之前：We have already read the book. 我们都已读过这本书。
注意，副词位置不同有时对句意产生影响。
Only I kissed her last night. 昨晚只有我吻了她(即别人没吻她)。
I only kissed her last night. 昨晚我只是吻了她(即没干别的事)。
I kissed only her last night. 昨晚我吻的只有她(即没吻过别人)。
I kissed her only last night [last night only]. 我只是在昨晚才吻了她(即其他时候未吻过)。注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副词的排列顺序：
1、时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before,
ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2、地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3、方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4、程度副词，放在被修饰词之前:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5、疑问副词，一般放在句首：
how, when, where, why.
6、关系副词，一般放在句首：
when, where, why.
7、连接副词:
how, when, where, why, whether.
1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。The children played games very quietly in their room by themselves yesterday。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.)：连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类：并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词。连词也可以分为2类：并列连词和从属连词
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句、句子。如：and, but(但是;通常用not...but...--而是;可是,然而;表示惊讶,不同意等--喔,哇;用来加强语句重复部分的语气--一定;用来引入新话题--那就;常用于否定句--而不,若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于that--对于), or(或者,还是;用于否定句--也不;否则,要不然;也就是说,换言之), nor(用在neither之后--也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首,句子需倒装--也不), so(因此,所以;因而,从而), therefore(因此,因而,所以), yet(可是,却,然而), however(然而,可是,不过;无论如何,不管怎样;不管用什么方法;究竟怎样,到底如何), for(因为,由于), hence(因此,由此), as well as(不但,而且;和...一样,和,也), both…and(既...又...;不但...而且), not only…but also(不但,而且), either…or(不是...就是;要么...要么), neither…nor(既不...也不...), (and)then(那么)等等。
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
初中英语语法列表—动词精选练习题
1.Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
2. －What do you think of the book?
－Oh, excellent. It’s worth ______ a second time.
A. to read
B. to be read
C. reading
D. being reading
3. Go on _______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
4. There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
5. If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.
A. have
B. will have
C. has
D. shall has
6. When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.
A. will rise
B. shall rise
C. should rise
D. would rise
7. In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.
A. has made
B. have made
C. had made
D. having made
8. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.
A. don’t/had
B. didn’t/have
C. didn’t/had
D. don’t/have
9. Mary is very late, she ______.
A. may miss her train
B. may have missed her train
C. must miss her train
D. could miss her train
10. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
11.“What did you do in the garden?”
“I watched my father ______ his motorbike.”
A. to repair
B. repaired
C. repairing
D. repairs
12. I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.
A. to smoke…smoking
B. smoking…t o smoke
C. to smoke…to smoke
D. smoking…smoking
13. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
14. European football is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. make
C. made
D. to make
15. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
16. He was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.
A. might
B. succeeded to
C. would
D. was able to
17. I hoped ______ my letter.
A. her to answer
B. that she would answer
C. that she answers
D. her answering
18. The dictionary _____ me fifty dollars.
A. spent
B. paid
C. cost
D. costed
19. －I’m sorry for _______ in time.
—That’s all right.
A. getting it not done
B. not getting it done
C. getting not it done
D. getting not to do it
20. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
21. The good news ________ them happy.
A. have
B. makes
C. keep
D. feels
22.-Mum,I want to learn how to swim. Who can help me？
-You can ________ yourself.
A. enjoy
B.teach
C. come
D. look
23.-Where can we get a pen？
-Let's ________.
A. lend one from Peter
B. lend Peter one
C. borrow one to Peter
D. borrow one from Peter
24. What would you like to ________ us about your hometown？
A. speak
B. talk
C. say
D. tell
25. What did the foreigner ________ about how to learn English.
A. speak
B. talk
C. tell
D. say
26. He could ________ neither French nor German. So I ________ with him in English.
A. speak,talked
B. talk,told
C. say,spoke
D. tell,talked
27. The line was bad. We couldn't ________each other clearly.
A. hear
B. sound
C. listen to
D. speak to
28. He ________ the radio every morning.
A. listens
B. hears
C. hears of
D. listens to
29. What an exciting football match！Dalian Shide Team ________ Shanghai Shenhua Team at last！
A. won
B.lost
C. failed
D.beat
30.-Did you win the basketball game？
-Bad luck. Our team ________ in the final one.
A. won
B. beat
C. was won
D. was beaten
答案及部分解析
1. D lying是lie的现在分词，在句中作后置定语。
2. C “It is worth doing”是固定结构，意思是“干……是值得的”。
3. A A项表示继续做与原来不同的事，B和C均表示继续做与原来相同的事。
4. B 句中的have是使役动词，故”have sth. done”是常用结构，意思是“让别人去干某事”，或“某人让别人去干”。
5－9 BDACB
10. A 分词短语作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句：Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South Africa.
11－12 CD
13. A 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。该分词的逻辑主语是the trees，与动词give含有动宾关系，因而用过去分词given表示被动，Give more attention这个条件状语相当于状语从句If they had been given more attention。
14. A making是现在分词用作状语，表示伴随情况或做补充说明。B和C属语法错误。D 项是不定式，可作目的状语，但目的状语前通常不能用逗号。
15. C 本题考查分词作定语的用法。The Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系，所以应首先排除A和D。而B项是不定式的被动形式，表示将来的动作，故也应排除。此句可理解为：The Olympic Games, which was first played in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
16－19 DBCB
20. A 需要重复不定式的内容时，要把to后面的动词及其宾语省略掉。又如：Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to.
21. B.考查主谓一致。news（消息）是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
22. B.enjoy oneself = have a good time意为"玩得高兴，过得愉快"，teach oneself 意为"自学".
23. D.此题易误选为A.这是由于不能区分borrow和lend的用法造成的。borrow意为"借进"常与介词from连用；lend意为"借入，借给"常与介词to连用。这里的语境为："我们能从哪里弄一支笔？""咱们向彼得借一支吧。"正确答案为D.
24. D.此题易误选为A或B.这是由于受汉语思维的影响和对speak，talk，say，tell的用法掌握不牢固引起的。这句话意为"关于你家乡的情况你想对我们说什么？"而这四个词都有"说"的意思。这四个词当中只有tell能接双宾语，即tell sb. sth. 其它三个要接sb. 时必须接介词to或with.这里由us可知，正确答案为D.
25. D.此题易误选为A或B或C.这是由于语法知识掌握不牢固引起的。很显然这里强调说的内容，但没有表明对谁说，因此正确答案为D.
26. A.这里题干的意思为"他不会说法语和德语，因此我与他用英语交谈".故正确答案为A. 初中英语考试练习：
27. A.此题易误选为B或C或D.这是由于忽略语境造成的。这句话意为"线路不好，我们不能清楚地听见对方所说的话".正答案为A.
28. D.此题易误选为A或B.listen意为"听"是不及物动词，必须加上介词to才能接宾语；hear 意为"听见，听到"是及物动词，强调听的结果；hear of意为"听说".这里表示"听收音机"要用listen to the radio. 正确答案为D.
29. D.依题意可知。这里是指"赢"了比赛（或竞争）的对手。故正确答案为D.
30. D.由题干中的Bad luck.可知是"被打败"了，故正确答案为D.
阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，6分话题：骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数：274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals.
周末重难点小升初测试试题 一、根据读音规则，判断下列各组单词中，哪一个单词划线部分的读音与其它三个划线部分的读音不同，请选出。 （）1. A. hand B. gave C. MapD. plan （）2. A. went B. bed C. me D. get （）3. A. heavy B. sleep C. weekend D. meet （）4. A. car B. FatherC. Warm D. hard （）5. A. start B. car C. father D. swam 二、翻译下列短语： 1.全世界_________ _________ the world 2.制定计划__________ a ___________ 3.去游泳_________ ___________ 4.长城the __________ _________ 5.起床_________ _________ 三、单项选择： ( ) 1. Your pen is newer than _____________. A. mine B. me C. her ( ) 2. Zhuhai is ________ than Guangzhou, I think. A. most beautiful B. beautiful C. more beautiful ( ) 3. I learned __________ pictures on the computer. A. to draw B. draw C. drew ( ) 4.How _______ she go to school in the morning ? A. is B. does C. do ( ) 5.That is _______ American national flag. There ______ fifty stars on it. A. a , is B. an , are C. an , is ( ) 6. What film are you going to ________ ? A. see B. watch C. look ( ) 7. Rome _____ ______ than Paris. A. are warmer B. is warmer C. is warmmer ( ) 8. My grandfather usually ________ the flowers in the morning. A. watering B. is watering C. waters ( ) 9. Listen! Xiaoling ________ in her classroom. A. sings B. singing C. is singing ( ) 10. Yesterday my parents and I ________ our house. A. are cleaning B. cleaned C. are going to clean 四、按要求改写下列句子： 1. It's nine thirty in the morning. (对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________? 2.The Olympic Center is in the north of Beijing. (对划线部分提问) ____________________________________________________? 3. I am a Chinese girl.(用she改写) ___________________________________________ 4.What are you going to be when you grow up? (自由回答) ________________________________________ 5. yesterday, where, they, did, go.(连词成句) ______________________________________________ 五、补全对话 A: Hello, Bill. What are those in the box? B: 1 ________ post cards of Beijing.
名词 ( C )1. (2017江西) —Do you have any for tonight yet? —Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach? A. problems B. news C. plans D. rules ( A )2. (2017福建) —Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera. —That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese . A. culture B. invention C. custom D. tradition ( A )3. (2017海南) It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd, the in Lingao reached 41.9℃. A. temperature B. information C. development D. progress ( C )4. (2017上海) Did the policeman give much on how to protect personal information? A. note B. tip C. advice D. book ( C )5. (2017天津) Don’t stand too close to North Americans. You’d better give them more personal . A. time B. system c. space D. pity ( C )6. (2017重庆) —Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week. —Well, you’d better take a with you, or you may easily get lost. A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard ( A )7. (2017安徽) The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate. A. chance B. habit C. question D. price ( B )8. (2017山西) You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your . A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness D. rudeness ( C )9. (2017南京) —I go swimming every day. —Wow! That’s a good . It keeps you healthy. A. match B. task C. habit D. dream ( C )10. (2017武汉) —I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Eric. —Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand on prices. A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education ( B )11. (2017哈尔滨) During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat as a traditional Chinese food. A. pizza B. dumplings C. hamburgers D. bread ( C )12. (2017苏州)—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? —Either day is OK. It makes no to me. A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision ( B )(2017孝感)13. Computers are very useful. They can help us get much on the Internet. A. games B. information C. courage D. messages ( C )(2017青岛) 14. Fruit is good for health, so I often have breakfast with one .
历年中考英语真题分类汇编--词类 知识点1：名词 ( ) 1.（2009·广州）—You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? —I did Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of ( ) 2.（2009·湖北武汉）—Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ —I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule ( ) 3.（2009·湖北武汉）—Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! —Mind your own ,Sue! A. action B. duty C. business D. way ( ) 4.（2009·广州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few ( ) 5.（2009·山东威海）---Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night? ---Because I didn’t have any ______ with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money ( ) 6.（2009·四川成都）John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks ( ) 7.（2009·江西）---You look worried. What’s your ______ ? ---I have trouble learning English. A. name B. question C. problem D. job ( ) 8.（2009·江苏南京）---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? ---I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information ( ) 9.（2009·河南）I like __ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles ( ) 10.（2009·湖北宜昌）---In my opinion, China has more ______to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1. ---I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well. A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials ( ) 11.（2009·湖南娄底）—It’s said that you have moved into a new house. —Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger ( )12.（2009·湖北孝感）All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感）--Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home? — My grandma, she got hurt in an accident. A. place B. part C. seat D. care ( ) 14.（2009·山西）---How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? ---You have to wait till ______ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter ( ) 15.（2009·山西）Let’s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention ( ) 16.（2009·江苏无锡）____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ___ teachers.
小升初英语模拟测试题（十） I.选择填空(Vocabulary and structure)(共20小题，计20分) A)选出下列各题的最佳答案。(答案涂在答题纸上) 31.国际奥委会的官方语言为_________和_________。 A.英语;法语 B.德语;英语 C.德语;法语 D.英语;汉语 32.下列四组词中，_________均是双音节词。 A.student;beautiful B.thing;bedroom C.people;thirty D.answer;family 33.在英语中，一般疑问句多用_________来读，特殊疑问句多用_________来读。 A.升调;升调 B.降调;降调 C.降调;升调 D.升调;降调 34.缩略词"CBA"和"FIFA"分别与下面哪两项运动有关联?_________ A.volleyball;basketball B.basketball;football C.baseball;tennis D.football;tabletennis 35.下列各句标点及书写均正确的是_________。 A.Brucesays:"we're going to the hospital to see my grandfather." B."Harrypotter"is very popular among children. C.I go swimming with uncle George on Sunday. D.They are Tom Hanks,the actor;Mariah Carey,the singer. 36.There's_________English boy playing_________chess under the tree._________boy lives near here. A.an;/;The B.an;the;The C.a;/;A D.a;a;A 37.Please give_________some water._________are thirsty. A.Tom and I;We B.me and Tom;They C.Tom and me;We D.I and Tom;They 38._________come from_________.They speak_________.Their capital city is London. A.English man;England;English B.English man;English;England C.English men;England;English D.English men;English;England 39.The word "Morocco" has one "r"_________two "c"s,_________it doesn't have a "k"_________an "a". A.or;but;and B.or;and;and; C.and;and;or D.and;but;or 40.Ms John son wants us _________Exercise1, but you let us_________Exercise 4. A.to do;to do B.to do;do C.do;do D.do;to do 41.Jerry swims very_________.He's a member of the_________club. A.fine;swims B.good;swimmer C.well;swimming D.nice;swim 42.-Can I borrow some books about the Internet? -Certainly,but please give_________soon. A.back me B.them back C.me back D.back them 43.There are forty students in our class.Twenty-five are girl sand_________are boys. A.other B.others C.the other D.the others 44.Jim and I go to school_________eight thirty_________every Saturday morning. A.at;on B.in;in C.at;/ D.on;in 45.Where would you see this notice-EVERYTHING HALF-PRICE? A.In a bank. B.At home. C.In a classroom. D.In a shop. B)情景对话。(答案涂在答题纸上) 46.A.I'm glad you like them.
【中考湖南邵阳】B)翻译阅读短文，将文中划线部分翻译成汉语。（共5小题，每小题2分） Rising in the east of the world has been the greatest China dream of Chinese people since modern times. 71 . The Chinese people support the China dream from their hearts. “72. Everybody has his own dream.”Chairman Xi's words have brought “China Dream”into the life of every Chinese. However, 73. there is still a long way to go before the dream comes true. All people in China share the common future which needs long－term efforts. 74. If everyone is hard-working in his life, the China Dream will be realized and 75. our own dreams will come true. Only when the whole nation achieves development, can its people develop themselves in a correct way with freedom and equal chance of success. 【主旨大意】习主席多次提到“中国梦”，并谈到“人生出彩”，谁的人生? 显然，不是少数人的人生，也不是多数人的人生，而是生活在中华人民共和国疆域内每一个国民、每一个个人的人生。本文就是从这个角度阐述如何实现“中国梦”。【答案】71. 中国人民由衷地支持这个中国梦。 72. 每个人都有自己的梦想。 73.还有很长的路要走。 74.如果每个人在生活中努力工作 75.我们个人的梦想将会实现。 【中考四川内江】II．汉译英。将下列汉语翻译成英语（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）。 91. Smith医生叫John戒酒。 92. 我们城市有越来越多的游客。 93. 他告诉我说他见过李华很多次了。 94. 科学家发现在太空旅游是有可能的。 95. 当我小的时候，我父母经常带我去我家附近的公园。 【答案】 91. Dr. Smith told/asked John to give up/stop drinking wine. 92. There are more and more visitors in our city/cities. 93. He told me that he had seen/met Li Hua many times. 94. Scientists (have found) find out that travel in space is possible/it's possible to travel in space. 95. When I was young, my parents often took me to the park near my house. 【中考福建福州】I. 将下列句子译成英语。必须用上所给的提示词。(每小题2分，共8分) 111.你的电脑出了什么问题?(matter)
英语试卷英语翻译题分类汇编 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy) 2．舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) 3．经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) 4．演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar) 5．她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner) 【答案】 1．We enjoyed ourselves this New Year’s Day this year. 2．My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday. 3．After years of / years’ construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake. 4．The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties. 5．No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. 【解析】 1．根据“今年元旦”可知，该句用一般过去时，玩得很开心用词组enjoy oneself 2．根据“昨天”可知，该句用一般过去时，congratulate 的用法是congratulate sth或者congratulate sb on sth 3．根据“经过多年的建设”可知，后面描述的是建设后的情形，即现在的情形，因此用一般现在时，as..as..的用法是形容词或者副词放在中间。 4．根据句意可知，演出已经开始了，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时，familiar的用法是sb be familiar with sth 或者sth be familiar to sb 5．no sooner的句型为no sooner ...than,因为no sooner是否定词，因此no sooner后面要用部分倒装的句式。 2．高中英语翻译题：Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。(leave) _________________ 2．深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。(with) _________________ 3．一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。(the way) _________________
小升初英语测试卷 （满分100分）姓名： 夯实基础（基础卷） 一．按要求写出下列代词的相应形式（10分） 1.we(宾格形式） 2.me(名词性物主代词） 3.who（所有格） 4..she(形容词性物主代词） 5.those（单数） 6.their(人称代词的主格形式） 7.he（名词性物主代词）8.you（形容词性物主代词） 9.they(反身代词）10. have(单三人称形式） 二．单项选择题（30分） ( )1、—— ________________are you? ——I’m ten years old. A. How tall B. How old C. How many D. How long ( )2、He likes . He likes , too! A.make/swimming B.making/making C.making/swim D.make/made ( )3、----What does Tom do? ---- A. Tom goes to school. B.Tom is a boy. C.Tom is a teacher. D.Tom likes red. ( )4. do you usually come to school ?--On foot. A.What B.How C.When D.Where
( ) 5．is a nice day today. A．She B.He C．They D．It ( )6. minutes do you go to school by bus? A. How often B. How many C. How much D.How long ( ) 7. What you usually do at home? A. do B．does C．will D．Has ( ) 8. Everyone to be strong and healthy. A. Want B. wants C. wanted D．wanting ( ) 9. There was on the train. A. no persons B. any person C. anybody D. nobody ( )10.If you need a sharpener, I'lI lend you . A. some B．One C. another D. the one ( ) 11. Enjoy . A. myself B.yourself C. herself D. himself ( ) 12. The pencil-case isn 't . It 's . A. yours, his B. your, hers C. mine, he's D. his, her ( ) 13．When she was in trouble, she always asked to help her. A．him and me B. him and I C. he and me D. he and I ( ) 14. Do you have to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything
. 一、词性的分类. 学生1.名词noun n. student boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange你代词pronoun pron. you who, she, it 2. 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的good, right, white, orange 3. adv. quickly迅速地very, often, quietly, slowly 4.副词adverb am, is, are, have, see cut 砍、割verb 5.动词v. one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth 6.数词numeral num. art. a 一个an, the7.冠词article in, on, from, above, behind. ...在preposition prep. at 8.介词和but, before .conjunction 9.连词conj. and 二、名词▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词box, child, orange；,如： oil, water, news, 是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：▲不可数名词population,
information .、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1 1）名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：;. . ①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map →maps, boy→boys, horse→horses, table→tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties. ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2）不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 2、名词所有格： 1）名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。 2）(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加's。如：Childern's Day(儿童节), my sister's book(我姐姐的书) (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加'。如：Teachers' Day(教师节)
1000道中考英语试题分类汇编 （单项选择） 考点一、名词 (江苏省宿迁市)Sandy didn’t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _______. A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note （湖南省娄底市）—It’s said that you have moved into a new house. —Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food B.furniture C. hamburger 【答案】B (四川省内江市)—Well,you look so happy --Because I got a good ________. A.work B.news C.job 【答案】C 【答案】C (2018年上海市33. 1)You can get much_____about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a16114818.html,rmation 【答案】D (2018年上海市51. 1)The customers are pleased with
the________of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service 【答案】D （2018·福建省晋江市，32，1）–Lily has a silk __________.Listen,she is singing in the next room! -- How nice!. A. look B. noise C. voice 【答案】C （2018·江苏省扬州市，12，1）—Wow,so many beautiful cars!I don’t know which one to buy. --Anyway ,you have to make a________. A.conclusion B.connection C.decision D.presentation 【答案】C （2018·吉林省通化市，38，1）We need to come up with a/an________and make a decision at once. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a16114818.html,rmation B.advice C.idea D.news 【答案】C （2018·浙江省湖州市，17，1）—Would you like some _______? --No,thank you.I’m not hungry at all. A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread 【答案】D （2018·山西省，17，1）I Iike______ a Iot, and my mother
中考英语试题分类汇编 2011年中考英语试题分类汇编考点一、名词(2010江苏省宿迁市15. 1)Sandy didn’t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _______. A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note—It’s said that you have moved into a new house.—Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food B.furniture C. hamburger B (2010.四川省内江市26. 1)—Well,you look so happy! 全品中考网--Because I got a good ________. A.work B.news C.job C C (2010年上海市33. 1)You can get much_____about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket 全品中考网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a16114818.html,rmation D (2010年上海市51. 1)The customers are pleased with the________of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service D –Lily has a silk __________.Listen,she is singing in the next room!-- How nice!. A. look B. noise C. voice C —Wow,so many beautiful cars!I don’t know which one to buy. --Anyway ,you have to make a________. A.conclusion B.connection C.decision D.presentation C We need to come up with a/an________and make a decision at once.