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中考英语语法专题讲解.doc

中考英语语出专題讲解

中考英语语冻——冠词 (1)

中考英语语法——名词 (12)

中考英语语出——代词 (21)

中考英语语由——数词 (41)

中考英语语去——动词 (51)

中考英语语出——介词 (72)

中考英语语法——形彖词 (89)

中考英语语出----- 副词 (100)

中考英语语由----- 惰态动词 (112)

中考英语语出——介词 (119)

中考英语语由——彼动语态 (136)

中考英语语由——并列句和复合句 (145)

中考英语语出专题讲解——非谓语动词 (163)

中考英语语法——交际英语 (173)

中考英语语去专题讲解——句子 (190)

中考英语语出——冠词

1.中考对冠词掌握程度的要求:理解冠词的基木用法。

2.冠词在英语词汇中占的比例不大,但是历年中考试题都要涉及,分值在1?2分,常以单项选择的形式出现。

3.攻克方法:全面掌握中学阶段所学的英语知识,归纳总结定冠词、不定冠词的用法,尤其是一些特殊用法。

一、知识精讲

冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。a /an叫不定冠词,the 叫定冠词。a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。

(-)不定冠词的用法:

(-)定冠词的用法:

巧记定冠词the用法歌诀:

特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。

世上独一无二,方位名词乐器。

某些专有名词,还有姓氏复数。

序数词最高级,习惯用语牢记。

(三)不用冠词的情况:

状元典例1

This building is _______ university.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

答案:A

思路分析:本题考查的是不定冠词a和an的用法。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,而不是以元咅字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j],所以用a而不用ano 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,而不是辅音字母前;"an"用在以元音音素开头的单词前,而不是元音字母前,(例如hour,第一个音素是“犷,故用an。当字母单独出现时AEIORSFH L X也要使用不定冠词其次特别要注意的是,U这个字母单独出现时发的并不是元咅,同理UNIVERSITY USUAL也都不用不定冠词“anS但UNCLE要用u an,5)o确定用“犷还是“aiT,有一个口诀:不见“原因(元音厂'别施“恩(n)”。

状元典例2

Mary began to learn how to play _________ piano when she was three.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

答案:C

思路分析:在乐器前要加定冠词,而在球类游戏之前则不加冠词,如:They like to play football when they are free. 状元典例3

There is _______map in the classroom. __________ map is on the wall.

A. a, A

B. the, The

C. a, The

D. the , A

答案:C

思路分析:本题考查的是在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词a或an,而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词the o

状元典例4

He is ______ oldest in the family.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

答案:C

思路分析:本题考查的是在形容词最高级前要用定冠词theo

状元典例5

一Ifs a nice day, isn't it?

一Yes, what _____ fine weather.

A. a

B. the

C. an

D. /

答案:D

思路分析:本题考查的是不可数名词前不用冠词。

状元典例6

What _______ useful book! And _______ b ook is popular with students.

A. a; a

B. an; a

C. the; the

D. a; the

答案:D

思路分析:本题考查的是不定冠词a和an的用法。"用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,而an用于以元咅咅素开头的单词前,而不是以元咅字母开头的单词前。useful的第一个咅素是[j],所以用a 而不用ano第二个空考查的是第二次再提到事物时用定冠词the.

状元典例7

Jack likes playing ______ soccer, but he doesn't like playing ___________ piano.

A. /, /

B. the, /

C. the, the

D. /, the

答案:D

思路分析:在乐器前要加定冠词,而在球类游戏之前则不加冠词。故选D.

状元典例8

I hope we can fly to _______ moon one day.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

答案:C

思路分析:本题考查的是在世界上独一无二的事物前要用定冠词the.故选C.

状元典例9

Look! _______ man over there is Li Lei's father.

A. An

B. A

C. The

答案:C

思路分析:木题考查的是定冠词特指的用法。在特指的名词前要用定冠词the.木题特指那边的那个男的,故用定冠词the.

状元典例10

Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in ________ bed?

A. a

B. /

C. the

答案:B

思路分析:本题考查的是不用冠词的情况。在这个固定短语中不需要冠词,故选B。

二.难点聚焦

1.a还是an

不定冠词有a和an两种形式,其区别是:a用于辅咅咅素前,an用于元咅咅素前:

a dog 一条狗 a dictionary 一本词典a student 一个学生

an egg 一只鸡蛋an elephant 一头大象an island 一个岛

【说明】

有些以元音字母开头的单词,由于它不是以元音音素开头,其前仍用a:

a university student 一个大学生a European country 一个欧洲国家

同时,有些单词虽然以辅音字母开头,由于它的第一个音素为元音音素,其前用am

an honest man 一个诚实的人

以下各例均用了an,也是因为紧跟其后的词语以元音音素开头:

miss an "m" 漏写一个m an 8-year plan 一个8 年计划

2?“the+形容词”的语法特征

①复数性:“the+形容词"表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时,通常表示复数意义,若用作主语, 谓语要用复数。【例句】

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.富者愈富,贫者愈贫。

The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更容易患感冒。

②单数性:“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念,则表示单数意义,用作主语时,谓语要用单数。

【例句】

He doesn't know the right from the wrong.他不辨是非。

The unknown is always something to be feared.未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。

The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true?美未必是善, 善未必是真。

③习惯性:有的表达带有一定的习惯性,女『病人”习惯说成the sick,而不说the ill;这类结构习惯上不用于一s 所有格形式,若语义需要,可考虑用of所有格。女口:

正:He is interested in the problems of the poor.他对穷人的问题感兴趣。

误:He is interested in the poor's problems.

3.He often go to school by ____ bus.

A. a

B. /

C. the

答案:B

思路分析:某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语通常用零冠词:

①表示乘坐交通工具:

by bus乘公共汽车by bike (bicycle)骑自行车

by plane / by air 乘飞机 by ship (boat)坐船 by land 走陆路

by sea 走海路

②表示用通讯或通信等方式:

三、状元笔记

1. the 加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物

【例句】

The horse is a useful animal.

马是一种有用的动物。

注意:像这类句子还有如下两种写法

A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.

2. 在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the,而不用人称代词。 take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸 be red in the face 脸红 be lame in the right leg 右腿痛

3. 冠词和三餐的搭配

三餐名词单独使用时,之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外: 【例句】

We have (/) breakfast at eight.

我们8点钟吃早饭。

He gave us a good breakfast.

他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。

I was invited to (/) dinner.

我被邀请赴宴。

I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new headmaster.

by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件 by

radio 用无线电

by telegram 用电报 by post 用邮寄 by hand 专人送交

我被邀请参加欢迎新任校长的宴会。

The Scots have (/) porridge for breakfast.

苏格兰人早餐吃粥。

The wedding breakfast was held in her father^ house?

婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。

4.不定冠词用于序数词Z前,表示数量或序数的増加:

【例句】

Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。

"This is the second time that I've read the book.^^ "这是我第二次看这本书。"

“Do you want to read it a third time?" “你还想看第三次吗?"

5.不定冠词用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前,表示一次、一番等义(通常与have, take, make, give 等动词连用):

【例句】

Lefs go out for a walk.我们出去走走吧。

Do you care for a smoke?抽烟吗?

Would you like a drink?要喝一杯吗?

6.若修饰名词的形容词受too, so, as, how, however等副词的修饰,则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间:【例句】

She is as good a cook as her mother.她跟她妈妈一样会做饭。

It is too difficult a book for beginners.那本书对初学者而言太难了。

It's so interesting a film that we all like it.那部电影很有趣,我们大家都喜欢看。

He didn't know how great a mistake he had made.他不知道自己犯了一个很大的错误。

巩固练习:

一、单选

1.Which city in England do you think may be called _______ Shanghai of _____ West?

A. a; the

B. the;不填

C. the; the

D.不填;the

2.Dr. Smith wants _________ assistant with __________ good knowledge of English?

A. the; the

B. an; the

C. an; a

D.不填;不填

3.一What does her uncle do?

一He is a professor of __________ university and he is___________ h onest man.

A. the; an

B. a; a C? an; an D. a; an

4.You made the same mistake for _______ second time, dropping _____ in the word "government".

A. a; the

B. a; a C? the; an D. a; an

5.It's quite obvious that the aging population in China will cause ___________ heavy pressure on _______ whole society in the future.

A. a; a

B. the;不填

C. a; the

D.不填;the

6.The poet and _________ w riter is going to give us a talk this afternoon.

A. a

B. the

C.不填

D. an

7.Her husband was put into ________ p rison, and she had to go to _________ prison once a month to visit him.

A. a; the

B. the; the

C.不填;不填

D.不填;the

8.Wu Dong is _________ t aller of _________ two brothers.

A.不填;the

B. the;不填

C.不填;不填

D. the; the

9.The teacher is standing __________ o f the teacher^s table, which is ___________ o f the classroom.

A. in front; in front

B. in front; in the front

C. in the front; in the front

D. in the front; in front

10.1 am in _________ charge of the class which was in __________ charge of my wife.

A.不填;the

B.不填;不填

C. the;不填

D. the; the

二、改错

1.1 go to school by a bike every day.

2.We study the maths this term.

3? Theyre having a supper now?

4? A sun is bigger than the moon.

5.He was first to come to the meeting.

6.Three hundreds of students went to the park last Sunday.

7.He is ill. So he is in the bed.

8? The student and the Young Pioneer is going to help the old man.

9. Please give me a rice.

10.Wang Mei plays a piano very well.

11.Open windows, please.

12.There is a dog in the room. A dog is hers.

13.There is a “m" in the word "may".

14.Ifs the April now.

15.The boy is in his twenty.

三、在横线处填入适当的冠词

1.My dear! Have you had ________ apple?

2.Black Horse is ________ interesting book for _________ c hildren.

3.She is _______ useful member of _________ volleyball team.

4. _______ d octor told him to take _________ m edicine three times _________ day.

5.Look at ________ s un! It's ________ fine day for ________ walk today.

6.Japan is to _______ east of _________ China.

7.What would you like for ________ supper, _________ Mr Green?

8.Playing ________ f ootball is ________ best sport in ________ spring.

冠词综合练习参考答案

1.Co解析:the West (西方、西洋)是固定搭配;指类似于……的人或物时,专有名词前用冠词,而Shanghai又受of the West修饰,所以用the。

2.Co解析:第一空an用于以元咅咅素开头的词前;第二空泛指有英语知识的人。

3.D。解析:不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的词前(指发音而不是字母),女口:a university;而an用丁?以元音音素开头的词前,如an uncle / an honest man.

4.Do解析:第一空是序数词前用a表示“又一”;辅咅字母n, f, h, 1, m, n, r, s, x和元音字母a, e, i, o 的读音,均以元音开头,所以第二空填an。

5.Co解析:第一空是泛指用a, a heavy pressure意为“一种很大的压力";当whole修饰单数名词表示"全(部的),整个的"时,前面用one's或the,又如the whole evening / truth整个晚上/全部真相。

6.Co解析:and前后连接的是同一事物同一人同一概念时,其后的名词前不用冠词。

7.Do 解析:比较:put into prison=坐牢;go to the prison=去监狱。

8.Do解析:“the +形容词比较级+of the two +名词复数”结构表示:两者中较……的一个。

9.Bo解析:in front of二在 ..... 前面(指范围之外);in the front of=在......... 前部(指范围之内)。

10.Ao解析:in charge of的意思是“负责”、"管理”,其主语通常是人;in the charge of的意思是“由……负责或管理",其主语通常是人。

二、

1.去掉a

2.去掉the

3.去掉a

4.A->The

5.first 前加the

6.hundreds of —> hundred

7.去掉the

8.is -^are

9.a—some

10.a —the

11.windows 前加the

12.A->The

13.a—>an

14.去掉the

15.twenty^twenties

1.an

2. an,/

3. a, the

4. The, the, a

5. the, a, a

6. the, /

7. /, /

8. /,the, /

中考美语语出——名词

1.中考对名词掌握程度的要求:

1)熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成及用法和名词所有格的用法。

2)掌握物质名词及其量的表达方式和常用专有名词的一-般用法。

3)理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词。

4)了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。

2.名词在英语词汇中占有较大的比例,历年中考试题都要涉及,分值在2?3分,考点常分布在单项选择、完形填空和完成句子中。

3.攻克方法:要全面掌握中学阶段所学的英语知识,系统地做好语法归纳并有意识地多记一些名词惯用语,尤其是与汉语不同的一些特殊用法。

一、知识精讲

(一)名词的分类

厂可数」个体名词:book, school 僚合名词:people, class

J专有名词:England, London, Smith

(-)名词的数

1.可数名词

可数名词有单、复数两种形式。单数用原形,复数形式通常是在单数形式后加构成,其主

要变化方法如下:

规则变化:

特征构成法例词

一般单词词尾加?s

desk-desks bag-bags

词尾为s, sh, ch,

X 词尾加-es

class-classes dish-dishes

watch-watches box-boxes

词尾为f、fe 先变f、fe为v再加?es knife-knives wolf-wolves

「普通名词

名词〈物质名词:

抽象名词: meat, air homework, love

不可数

不规则变化:

状元典例

The _____ teachers wondered if the ________ s tudents were in trouble.

A. woman, boy

B. woman, boys

C. women, boy

D. women, boys

答案:c

思路分析:英语中,“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”,而“男学生们”应该译为“boy students”。

3)使用名词单、复数应注意的问题

①有些名词通常只有复数形式。如I: clothes衣服,trousers裤子,thanks谢谢,glasses眼镜............... 这些词作主语时,它们的谓语要用复数。

②有些学科名词虽以s结尾,但通常都作单数名词看待。女口:physics物理学,maths数学,politics 政治等。

③people意为“人民,人们”,是单数形式复数意义的名词,是集合名词。当“人们”讲时,一般前面不加冠词,谓语用复数形式。当“民族”讲时,是普通的可数名词。

状元典例

A number of people in the developed cities _________ cars of their own.

A. has

B. have

C. there is

D. there are

答案:B

思路分析:因主语是people (复数),a number of (许多)是主语的定语。

2.不可数名词

1)不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计算,不可数名词通常是抽象名词和物质名词。常见不可数名词如下:weather 天气,work I[作,housework 家务劳动,homework 家庭作业,advice 建议,news 新闻,fun 好玩的事,progress 进步,information 信息,knowledge 知识,money 钱,furniture 家具,rice 大米,meat 肉, bread面包,beef牛肉,water水,tea茶,等等。

2)不可数名词应注意的四个问题:

①不可数名词没有词形变化,前面不用冠词a, an修饰限定。

②不可数名词后面不能加s构成复数形式。

③不可数名词需要计量时,要用量词,变复数时,通常把量词变为复数,后面的不可数名词用原形。结构:数词或冠词+量词(s) +of+不可数名词。女b

a bottle of milk—>two bottles of milk

a cup of tea^ two cups of tea

a piece of news—>two pieces of news

④不可数名词还可以与some, much, little, any, a lot of, plenty of 等词连用。女fl: a lot of water,

some rice...

状元典例1

He is an experienced teacher. That is to say, he has ___________

A. many experiences

B. much experiences

C. a lot of experience

D. little experience

答案:c

思路分析:experience解释为经历时是可数名词,解释为经验时是不可数名词,a lot of可数、不可数都能修饰。状元典例2

The lady with long _______ f ound her husband had already got three gray ________ .

A. hair, hair

B. hair, hairs C? hairs, hair D. hairs, hairs 答案:B

思路分析:要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”(头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根口发”,是可数名词。所以本题答案应为B。

(三)名词的所有格

名词所有格表示人或物的所属关系,它是名词的一种形式,通过在词尾的变化来表示所有关系。

状元典例

____ are playing tennis in the playground.

D. Brown's

思路分析: 英语中, 姓氏前加定冠词“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应

A. The Browns

B. The Brown's

C. Browns 答案:A

为A。

(四)名词的用法

名词在句子中主要用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语和定语等。

①主语:These books are new.

②表语:Both of them are doctors.

③宾语:We love our great motherland.

④宾语补足语:We call him Iron Ox.

⑤同位语:This is Mr. Black, our head master.

⑥定语:There is an apple tree in the garden.

二、难点聚焦

1.中英文姓名表达方式的不同

状元典例

His grandfather is ______ ?

A. Robert Bob

B. Tom Black

C. Kate White

D. Black Green

答案:B

思路分析:英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即“first name”,后为姓,即"second name”, 也可叫做“ family name ”或“ surname "o做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词表示名字,哪个单词表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”,是男名,所以本题答案应为B。

2.复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式

状元典例

Be careful. There is a ______ hole in the ground.

A. two-foot-deep B? two-feet-deep C. two-foot deep D. two-feet deep

答案:A

思路分析:这道题目考查的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横”来连接。由于它被看作一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two?foot-deep hole”,所以本题答案应为A。

3.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家吋,名词所有格的后面通常不出现它所修饰的名词,女口:the barber's理发店。

状元典例

He's got bad toothache. He9d better go to ________ .

A. dentist

B. the dentist

C. the dentist's

D. see the dentists

答案:c

思路分析:“去看牙科医生”可译为"go to seethe dentist"或“go to the dentist's” 。后一个词语中的“the dentist's"表示“the dentist's clinic"。

4.如果名词主语是一个抽象概念,一般都用单数谓语。

状元典例

“Many years"______ a long time, I dorf t know how long ___________ .

A. are, they are

B. are, it is

C. is, they are

D. is, it is

答案:D

思路分析:在英语里,表时间、距离和表事件等的名词作主语,都是抽象概念,其谓语都要用单数。

5.如果名词主语后接由with, together with, as well as, except这类词引导的短语,谓语单复数由名词主语而定,因为这种结构多为修饰语。

状元典例

Mary with her parents _________ watching TV in the sitting-room at this time yesterday.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

答案:C

思路分析:因为with her parents在此作伴随状语,主语(Mary)是单数。

6.有些集体名词既可接单数谓语,也可接复数谓语,视作整体时接单数谓语,着重于所包含的成员时,则可接复数谓语。

His family ______ lunch at the table now. (have)

状元典例2

His family ______ very poor before, (be)

答案:1. are having 2. was。

思路分析:典例1中family指家中成员的活动,视为复数;典例2中family指“家”,视为整体, 是单数。

三、状元笔记

1.建立名词的数的概念。在英语里,这个概念是十分严格的,可数名词与不可数名词的界限也是很严格的。一般句子中出现的名词,除非是不可数名词,否则名词的前后经常要出现“犷、“th尹等冠词和“?叩等复数形式。

2.多数的抽象名词既可作不可数名词,也可作可数名词(这时意思有些变化),如:

【例句】

My parents are in agreement on what color to paint the house.我父母亲对于用什么颜色漆房子意见一致。

The three sides reached an agreement to stop the war.三方达成协议停止战争。

3.名词定语的复数

名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下一些例外。

1)用复数作定语。女山

sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室

talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系

2)m an, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数视所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials

3)有些原来用s结尾的名词,作定语吋,s保留。如:

goods train (货车)arms produce 武器生产clothes brush 衣刷

4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。如:

a ten-mile walk 十英里路 a five-year plan 一个五年计划

画^状元必练 【邑题傭选,解祈ilf 里谨込】

1) _____ mothers both work in the same hospital. A. Tim and Peter's B. Tinfs and Peter C. Tim's and Peter's

D. Tim and Peter

答案:Co

思路分析:本题考查的是名词所有格,根据mothers both (两个妈妈都)可推知这里指的是两人 各自的妈妈,要在每个名词后加0

2) There are some _______ in the river.

思路分析:由there are 可知名词主语应为可数名词复数,grass, water, earth 均为不可数名词。fish 作“鱼”讲时,单复数相同,为可数名词。

3) I went to see my doctor for _________ about my health. A. an advice C. advices

答案:Bo

B. a piece of advice D. a pieces of advice

思路分析:advice 为不可数名词,表示数量时要用量词体现出来,一条建议用a piece of advice 来表达。

4) Lin Hao saved two of his classmates after the earthquake. It took him ___________ to get to safety. A ? seven hours 9 walk B ? seven hour walk C ? seven hour's walk

D. seven hours walk

答案:Ao

思路分析:木题考查的是名词所有格。“七小时”为seven hours,以s 结尾的名词所有格肓接加 心”,并且walk 作名词讲时为不可数名词。

5) He always has a _______ with him because he enjoys taking photos. A. camera B. dictionary

C. clock

D. computer

答案:Ao

思路分析:本题主要考查根据所设定的情景,恰当地选择名词。根据taking photos (拍照)可以 推断与照相机有关,

camera 照相机,dictionary 字典,clock 钟表,computer 电脑。

6) 一

that new bike over there?

一I think it ,s

A. grass

答案:Bo

B. fish

C. water

D. earth

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