公共英语3级精讲班第13讲讲义
Dialogue
Dialogue1:
Jack is looking around in a jewelry shop. A shop assistant goes up to him to talk with him. Background knowledge:
1.pearl necklace 珍珠项链
2.natural pearl 天然珍珠
3.cultured pearl 人工培育的珍珠
4.imitation diamond 人造钻石
language points:
1．It’s pure white and the price is moderate.
它是纯白的，而且价格适中。
moderate 中等的，适中的
traveling at a moderate speed
moderate-sized bathroom
2.The price is marked on the label.
价格表在标签上。
be marked on 被标在---上
3.It is made of natural pearls?
1>be made of
2>be made from
4.I’d like to buy a brooch, a brooch with a diamond.
我想买个胸针，带钻石的胸针。
Dialogue 2:
Hawkins is a young salesman who has just left college with a degree in psychology. Now he is receiving Mary, a customer looking for a fur coat in his store. Hawkins has more interest in her motive for purchase.
1.Are you being attended to, Miss?
有人接待您吗？<店员问顾客）
attend to sb/ sth照顾，关照某人/某物
A nurse attends to his needs.
Could you attend to this matter immediately?
2.Can you offer me a discount?
能给我打折吗？
3.That’s our rock bottom price.
这是我们最低的价格。
4.Have you had a quarrel with your husband and trying to get even by making such an expensive
purchase?
你是否跟丈夫刚吵完架，想买件贵东西报复他呢？
1> have a quarrel with sb 跟某人吵架
2> get even with sb 报复某人
Bill swore he’d get even with his brother, who’d played a dirty trick on him.
3> make a purchase 购买东西
5.Perhaps you suspect him of something, and you think this is the only way you can get back at him. 或许你因为怀疑他，你认为这是你报复的唯一方式。
1> suspect sb of sth因为某事而怀疑某人
What made you suspect her of having taken the money?
2>get back at sb 报复某人
I’ll find a way of getting back at him.
6.Spending money is anger is a very expensive form of hostility.
生气的时候花钱是一种非常昂贵的敌对方式。
7.My advice to you is to think it over for a few days. Try to patch up your differences. Buying a new
fur coat won’t save your marriage.
我对你的建议是再仔细想几天。设法平息你们的分歧。买一件皮大衣不能挽救你们的婚姻。
1）think over
2> patch up 平息，解决
迅速修理某物
The wrecked car was patched up and resold.
调停，解决纷争
They patched up their difference.
Monologue:
A woman is talking about the advantages and disadvantages of buying groceries at both online supermarkets and physical stores.
1. By comparison, I find both online grocery supermarket and physical grocery store have their advantages and disadvantages.
经过对比，我认为在线杂货超级市场购物和自然的杂货店购物各有优缺点。
by comparison 经过对比，经过比较
2. But its delivery charges are necessary unless my order is large enough to qualify for free delivery.
但是必须要支付送货的费用，除非我的订单满足免费送货的条件。
3. But if I were a housewife who doesn’t value time saving, uses lots of coupons, and goes to two or three different physical grocery stores to pick up bargains, I would prefer the physical store in the neighborhood, where — aisle and shelf — to look for just about everything I would be likely to buy —to buy with my heart at rest.
但是如果我是一位不太在意节省时间的家庭主妇使用很多的优惠卷，为了讲价去两三家的杂货店，我会选择家附近的商店。在那儿，在通道上、架子上，我可以挑选我想要买的东西，买东西时我的内心能够非常平静。
at rest
1> 静止，不动
2）安宁
If I were a house wife, ---.
虚拟语气
4. As I’m always tried, I e njoyed sitting before the computer and having my groceries delivered at the door, only with a mouse clicked in any hand.
象我经常做的那样，我喜欢坐在电脑前面只需要动一动鼠标等着货品送到家门口。
Dialogue 3:
Laurence is asking Teri Goldberg, who has much experience in online shopping, about how to shop online.
1.Cyber shopping isn’t that different from shopping in the brick-and-mortar world.
网上购物跟日常实际的购物并没有多大的区别。
1）cyber shopping 网上购物
2）be different from
2.But cyberspace offers convenience。 you are provided global access to all sorts of goods.
但是网络购物非常方便，你可以买到世界上任何种商品。
access to有使用某物，接近某人的权利和机会
Students must have access to a good library.
Only high officials had access to the president.
3.Shop at known entities.
在知名商店<实体）购物。
4.You may divide cyber retailers into three subsets and attack each with a different strategy.
你可以把网络零售分为三个部分，对每一种采取不同的策略。
attack sth with a different strategy用不同的策略对待某事物
5.You may as well pay with a credit card, since chances of stealing a credit-card number online are
pretty small.
你可以使用信用卡付账，因为在网上信用卡号被盗用的机会很小。
Chances of --- are small/slim ---的机会很小
Chances of passing the exam are small/slim.
6.Know where to file a complain.
知道去哪儿投诉。
Passage
Passage:
1.At first, I was reluctant to buy computer products completely online。
开始，我不愿意完全在网上购买电脑产品。
be reluctant to do sth 不愿意做某事
2.Many of the online computer stores used to sell exclusively through printed catalogs, addressing
the needs of the technically astute, found those printed catalogues intimating and confusing, and preferred to a physical store, where knowledgeable sales people could guide me through the maze of choices, explaining the benefits and risks and costs.
许多在线电脑商店过去完全靠印刷的目录，精明得描述一些技术方面的需要。我认为这些印刷的目录
令人望而生畏而且令人迷惑。我更喜欢一般的商店，在那儿知识丰富的店员通过解释不同产品的好处、风险和花费帮助我们做出正确的选择。
3.Also, I greatly valued the fact that when I bought new add-ons or upgrades for my PC, I could pay
to have them installed on the spot.
我更喜欢新的附件软件和为我的电脑升级的时候看着他们当场替我安装。
have them installed
4.They buy processors from one source, software, disks, memory from other sources, and assemble
them into systems.
他们从一家商店购买处理器，从别的商店购买软件、磁盘和存储器。然后把它们安装成系统。
5.In terms of the basic spec — speed, memory, and storage —what we now define as a “complete
system” for home use would have mad e a wealthy technical guru tremble with jealousy ten years ago.
说到基本规格—速度、存储、容量—我们现在家庭使用的系统十年前是会让富有的技术权威非常嫉妒的。
1）in terms of 在---方面
2）tremble with jealousy因为嫉妒而发抖
6.While, at some point, technology must meet barriers that will slow the pace of change, the
computer industry has been adapting at this incredibly rapid rate for more than two decades now, with great regularity.
在某种程度上，科技必须碰到一些障碍，这会降低改变的速度。在过去二十年中电脑工业一直规则的以这种惊人的速度发展。
1）at some point在某种程度上
2）with regularity规则的
7.And the software industry has been keeping in lock step with these hardware developments by
making each new version of the common applications that people depend upon more and more complex and bulky, requiring the full capacity of the latest and greatest hardware.
软件工业通过造出最新版本的应用程序紧跟硬件发展的步伐，这些应用程序越来越依靠最新最大的硬件的容量。
8.To stay compatible with their people with whom you have to share files, you should invest time
learning about these add-ons, gadgets, etc. to upgrade your system.
为了和你分享文件的人们兼容，你不得不花时间学习附件软件、小配件来升级你的系统。
to stay compatible with sth 为了于---相兼容
Exercises
Exercises:
Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1.第二段“CPO vehicles give the consumer a chance to buy the late models, often only two or three years
old, at a big savings over a new car.”。
2.第二段最后一句“says John Davis, host of MotorWeek, the longest running weekly automotive show
on television.”。
3.第四段最后一句“They may cost a little more than expected to pay for a used car, but when you look
ate all the checks and balances performed and the ex tra warranty, it’s easily worth it,: says Davis.”。
4.from the whole passage
5.最后一段倒数第三句“The best CPO programs are found only at new car dealers, with repair
requirements and warranties backed by the factory”。
Passage 2
6. 第一段最后一句“But knowing just where to look, who to trust and how to compare prices, ensures maximum satisfaction by saving my shopper time, money and headaches”。
7. 第二段最后一句“It’s easy to see the savings to be had by booking online”。
8. 第三段最后一句“Compare this with worries on the high street about pick-pocketing, card cloning and transaction slip misuse, and it’s plain to see it’s easier to protect yourself from fraudsters when shopping online”。
9. 第四段最后一句“Checking out a reputable shopping search site affords the opportunity to compare prices on hundreds of thousands of products where you’ll see a wide range of top high street names ,a long with the best-known dotcoms”。
10. 第五段倒数第二句“The actual reward that once it’s done the first time, there’s no need to repeat the experience on return visits”。
独立主格
<一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词>+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词>+形容词；
名词(代词>+副词；
名词(代词>+不定式；
名词(代词> +介词短语构成。
<二）独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词>+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
答案D. with +名词<代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
注意:
1> 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分<如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his>。
2> 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题：
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted
B permitting
C permits
D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
申明：
所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途。
申明：
所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途。
第一节动词的时态 一、一般现在时： 1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用 一般将来时态。 例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams. 2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。 二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法： 1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事。 2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事。 3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。 三、一般将来时： 1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将 开始。 3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行 时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 四、进行时态： 重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。 When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时？”，主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”，该从句用进行时态。例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry. I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis. 五、现在完成时：
广东工业大学华立学院 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文参考文献译文及原文 系部经济学部 专业经济学 年级 2007级 班级名称 07经济学6班 学号 16020706001 学生姓名张瑜琴 指导教师陈锶 2011 年05月
目录 1挑战：小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 (1) 2什么商业银行带给小额贷款和什么把他们留在外 (2) 3 商业银行的四个模型进入小额贷款之内 (4) 3.1内在的单位 (4) 3.2财务子公司 (5) 3.3策略的同盟 (5) 3.4服务公司模型 (6) 4 合法的形式和操作的结构比较 (8) 5 服务的个案研究公司模型：厄瓜多尔和Haiti5 (9)
1 挑战：小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 商业银行已经是逐渐重要的运动员在拉丁美洲中的小额贷款服务的发展2到小额贷款市场是小额贷款的好消息客户因为银行能提供他们一完整类型的财务的服务，包括信用，储蓄和以费用为基础的服务。整体而言，它也对小额贷款重要，因为与他们广泛的身体、财务的和人类。如果商业银行变成重的运动员在小额贷款，他们能提供非常强烈的竞争到传统的小额贷款机构。资源，银行能廉宜地发射而且扩张小额贷款服务rela tively。如果商业广告银行在小额贷款中成为严重的运动员，他们能提出非常强烈的竞争给传统的小额贷款机构。然而，小额贷款社区里面有知觉哪一商业银行进入进入小额贷款将会是短命或浅的。举例来说，有知觉哪一商业银行首先可能不搬进小额贷款因为时候建立小额贷款操作到一个有利润的水平超过银行的标准投资时间地平线。或，在进入小额贷款，银行之后可能移动在－上面藉由增加贷款数量销售取利润最大值－或者更坏的事，退出如果他们是不满意与小额贷款的收益性的水平。这些知觉已经被特性加燃料商业银行的情形进入小额贷款和后来的出口之内。在最极端的，一些开业者已经甚至宣布，”降低尺度死！”而且抛弃了与主意合作的商业银行。 在最 signific 看得到的地方，蚂蚁利益商业银行可能带给小额贷款，国际的ACCION 发展发射而且扩张的和一些商业银行的关系小额贷款操作。在这些情形的大部分方面， ACCION 和它的合伙人正在使用方法，已知的当做服务公司模型，表演早答应当做一个能工作的方法克服真正的。 商业银行的障碍进入和穿越建立长命的小额贷款操作一个商业银行 这论文描述如何服务公司模型、住址商业银行中的主要议题进入进小额贷款，监定成功建立的因素动作井小额贷款服务公司，和礼物结果和小额贷款的课servic e 公司用最长的经验，在海地和审判官席 del 的 SOGEBANK│ SOGESOL 初期结果指出那这服务公司模型表现一重要的突破在促成商业银行进入和留在小额贷款。在厄瓜多尔的 Pichincha│ CREDIFE。初期结果指出服务公司模型在促成商业广告中表现一次重要的突破银行进入而且留在小额贷款。
Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction Dialogues /monologues: 1、You can tell they lived during the Depression. 这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。 此句意思应该是：你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。 2、He really knows how to bring a person out. "bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。 整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。 PS：to bring sb. out 意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗 3、he looks like his fun to be with. 整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。 句子解析 4、since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。 这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便... 整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学. 5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff? arts staff 怎么翻译? ==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff: (the commercial and industrial arts) staff. 6、There are a number of other positions to consider. "A number of" 换成 "a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么? ==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用 a number of代替而不能用a great many. 修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of, 只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样) 7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase? 将"letting me"换成 "let me" 行不行，为什么?
Web应用程序安全外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 原文： Basic Security Practices for Web Applications Even if you have limited experience with and knowledge of application security, there are basic measures that you should take to help protect your Web applications. The following sections in this topic provide minimum-security guidelines that apply to all Web applications.General Web Application Security Recommendations;Run Applications with Minimum Privileges ;Know Your Users; Guard Against Malicious User Input;Access Databases Securely;Create Safe Error Messages;Keep Sensitive Information Safely;Use Cookies Securely;Guard Against Denial-of-Service Threats. 1. General Web Application Security Recommendations
毕业论文外文文献 Photography Pen Film director and critic Alexander Astruc's comments in today, wrote a famous: "Following a variety of other arts, especially painting, novel, film is rapidly becoming a tool to express ideas. It swept the market, a mall next to the theater's entertainment products. It is a well preserved image of the times methods. Now is gradually becoming a language, that is, the artist can use it to express themselves through a means of thinking, no matter how abstract this idea, or that it is also used as a kind of artists like prose or fiction a form to express their themes. So, I put this new era for film today called "photo pen" era, that era of writing, the use of the camera …… "Silent film attempts to use symbolic links to all the concept and meaning of the expression. We know, Lenovo exist in the image itself, naturally present in the film development process, there is the role of performance in each posture and expression, present in every word of in; also present in the camera movement, this movement linked to a piece of things, to link people and things …… "Obviously, that is, screenwriter making his own films. Or even say that there is no longer what the movie writer. Because, in such films, the playwright and director, there is nothing between significant
大数据外文翻译参考文献综述 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 原文： Data Mining and Data Publishing Data mining is the extraction of vast interesting patterns or knowledge from huge amount of data. The initial idea of privacy-preserving data mining PPDM was to extend traditional data mining techniques to work with the data modified to mask sensitive information. The key issues were how to modify the data and how to recover the data mining result from the modified data. Privacy-preserving data mining considers the problem of running data mining algorithms on confidential data that is not supposed to be revealed even to the party
running the algorithm. In contrast, privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) may not necessarily be tied to a specific data mining task, and the data mining task may be unknown at the time of data publishing. PPDP studies how to transform raw data into a version that is immunized against privacy attacks but that still supports effective data mining tasks. Privacy-preserving for both data mining (PPDM) and data publishing (PPDP) has become increasingly popular because it allows sharing of privacy sensitive data for analysis purposes. One well studied approach is the k-anonymity model [1] which in turn led to other models such as confidence bounding, l-diversity, t-closeness, (α,k)-anonymity, etc. In particular, all known mechanisms try to minimize information loss and such an attempt provides a loophole for attacks. The aim of this paper is to present a survey for most of the common attacks techniques for anonymization-based PPDM & PPDP and explain their effects on Data Privacy. Although data mining is potentially useful, many data holders are reluctant to provide their data for data mining for the fear of violating individual privacy. In recent years, study has been made to ensure that the sensitive information of individuals cannot be identified easily. Anonymity Models, k-anonymization techniques have been the focus of intense research in the last few years. In order to ensure anonymization of data while at the same time minimizing the information
农村社会养老保险的现状、问题与对策研究社会保障对国家安定和经济发展具有重要作用，“城乡二元经济”现象日益凸现，农村社会保障问题客观上成为社会保障体系中极为重要的部分。建立和完善农村社会保障制度关系到农村乃至整个社会的经济发展，并且对我国和谐社会的构建至关重要。我国农村社会保障制度尚不完善，因此有必要加强对农村独立社会保障制度的构建，尤其对农村养老制度的改革，建立健全我国社会保障体系。从户籍制度上看，我国居民养老问题可分为城市居民养老和农村居民养老两部分。对于城市居民我国政府已有比较充足的政策与资金投人，使他们在物质和精神方面都能得到较好地照顾，基本实现了社会化养老。而农村居民的养老问题却日益突出，成为摆在我国政府面前的一个紧迫而又棘手的问题。 一、我国农村社会养老保险的现状 关于农村养老，许多地区还没有建立农村社会养老体系，已建立的地区也存在很多缺陷，运行中出现了很多问题，所以完善农村社会养老保险体系的必要性与紧迫性日益体现出来。 （一）人口老龄化加快 随着城市化步伐的加快和农村劳动力的输出，越来越多的农村青壮年人口进入城市，年龄结构出现“两头大，中间小”的局面。中国农村进入老龄社会的步伐日渐加快。第五次人口普查显示：中国65岁以上的人中农村为5938万，占老龄总人口的67.4%.在这种严峻的现实面前，农村社会养老保险的徘徊显得极其不协调。 （二）农村社会养老保险覆盖面太小 中国拥有世界上数量最多的老年人口，且大多在农村。据统计，未纳入社会保障的农村人口还很多，截止2000年底，全国7400多万农村居民参加了保险，占全部农村居民的11.18%，占成年农村居民的11.59%.另外，据国家统计局统计，我国进城务工者已从改革开放之初的不到200万人增加到2003年的1.14亿人。而基本方案中没有体现出对留在农村的农民和进城务工的农民给予区别对待。进城务工的农民既没被纳入到农村养老保险体系中，也没被纳入到城市养老保险体系中，处于法律保护的空白地带。所以很有必要考虑这个特殊群体的养老保险问题。
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
人脸检测外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 译文： 基于PAC的实时人脸检测和跟踪方法 摘要： 这篇文章提出了复杂背景条件下，实现实时人脸检测和跟踪的一种方法。这种方法是以主要成分分析技术为基础的。为了实现人脸的检测，首先，我们要用一个肤色模型和一些动作信息(如：姿势、手势、眼色)。然后，使用PAC技术检测这些被检验的区域，从而判定人脸真正的位置。而人脸跟踪基于欧几里德（Euclidian）距离的，其中欧几里德距离在位于以前被跟踪的人脸和最近被检测的人脸之间的特征空间中。用于人脸跟踪的摄像控制器以这样的方法工作：利用平衡/（pan/tilt）平台，把被检测的人脸区域控制在屏幕的中央。这个方法还可以扩展到其他的系统中去，例如电信会议、入侵者检查系统等等。
1.引言 视频信号处理有许多应用，例如鉴于通讯可视化的电信会议，为残疾人服务的唇读系统。在上面提到的许多系统中，人脸的检测喝跟踪视必不可缺的组成部分。在本文中，涉及到一些实时的人脸区域跟踪[1-3]。一般来说，根据跟踪角度的不同，可以把跟踪方法分为两类。有一部分人把人脸跟踪分为基于识别的跟踪喝基于动作的跟踪，而其他一部分人则把人脸跟踪分为基于边缘的跟踪和基于区域的跟踪[4]。 基于识别的跟踪是真正地以对象识别技术为基础的，而跟踪系统的性能是受到识别方法的效率的限制。基于动作的跟踪是依赖于动作检测技术，且该技术可以被分成视频流（optical flow）的（检测）方法和动作—能量（motion－energy）的（检测）方法。 基于边缘的（跟踪）方法用于跟踪一幅图像序列的边缘，而这些边缘通常是主要对象的边界线。然而，因为被跟踪的对象必须在色彩和光照条件下显示出明显的边缘变化，所以这些方法会遭遇到彩色和光照的变化。此外，当一幅图像的背景有很明显的边缘时，（跟踪方法）很难提供可靠的（跟踪）结果。当前很多的文献都涉及到的这类方法时源于Kass et al.在蛇形汇率波动[5]的成就。因为视频情景是从包含了多种多样噪音的实时摄像机中获得的，因此许多系统很难得到可靠的人脸跟踪结果。许多最新的人脸跟踪的研究都遇到了最在背景噪音的问题，且研究都倾向于跟踪未经证实的人脸，例如臂和手。 在本文中，我们提出了一种基于PCA的实时人脸检测和跟踪方法，该方法是利用一个如图1所示的活动摄像机来检测和识别人脸的。这种方法由两大步骤构成：人脸检测和人脸跟踪。利用两副连续的帧，首先检验人脸的候选区域，并利用PCA技术来判定真正的人脸区域。然后，利用特征技术（eigen－technique）跟踪被证实的人脸。 2.人脸检测 在这一部分中，将介绍本文提及到的方法中的用于检测人脸的技术。为了改进人脸检测的精确性，我们把诸如肤色模型[1,6]和PCA[7,8]这些已经发表的技术结合起来。
中英文资料翻译 With the popularity of the Inter NET applications, a variety of Web Information System Has become a pressing issue. Establish the essence of Web information systems Development of a Web repository (database as the core of a variety of Web letter Information storage) as the core Web applications. Currently, the Web repositorydevelopment technology Operation of a wide range of different characteristics. Various periods at all levels, a variety of purposes Technology co-exist, dizzying mirror chaos, it is difficult to choose. More popular Java of Ser vet Web repository development program a more practical Of choice. Servlet is running the applet on the Web server, can be completed Xu Multi-client Applet can not complete the work, which runs on the server and clients No end, do not download do not by the client security restrictions, the running speed Greatly increased And Applet running in a browser and extend the browser's ability similar Like, Serv the let run in the Web server to enable Java Serv the let engine And expand the capacity of the server. Therefore, we can say Serv the let is run in Applet on a Web server, Serv the let Jav a Ser vlet API And Jav a program of classes and packages. 1Servlet access model 2Serv the let, there are three access models: (1) an access model 1 browser to Web server to issue a retrieval request. 2 the Web server after receipt of the request, the request forwarded to the Servle tengine. 3 Serlet engine to perform the requested the Ser vlet and directly through JDBC 4Servlet throughJDBC toretrieve search results to generate the html page and
2011年全国公共英语三级模拟试题及答案 Section I Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) （略） Section ⅡUse of English(15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or Don your ANSWER SHEET 1. Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work”. However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no :matches”37 “teams”of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities. A mountain climber 41 to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions 42 in their early twenties. But it is not 43 for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more 44 than younger men, but they probably climb more skill and less 45 of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
毕业设计外文资料翻译 学院：电子工程学院 专业班级：自动化071 学生姓名：陈新鹏学号：030713103 指导教师：马娟丽 外文出处：Multi-focus Image Fusion Algorithms Research Based on Curvelet Transform 附件：1.外文资料翻译译文； 2.外文原文 指导教师评语： 签名： 年月日
基于曲波变换的多聚焦图像融合算法研究 摘要：由于光学透镜聚焦深度的限制，往往很难得到一个包含所有相关聚焦目标的图像。多聚焦图像融合算法可以有效地解决这个问题。基于广泛应用的多聚焦图像融合算法的分析，本文提出一种基于多聚焦图像融合算法的曲波变换。根据曲波变换分解的不同频率区，分别讨论低频系数和高频系数的选择规律。本文中低频系数和高频系数被分别与NGMS（就近梯度最大选择性）和LREMS（局部区域能量最大的选择性）融合。结果表明，提出的多聚焦图像融合算法可以获得和图像聚焦融合算法相同的图像，在客观评价和主观评估方面较其他算法有明显的优势。 关键字：曲波变换；多聚焦图像；融合算法 1.简介 如今，图像融合被广泛应用于军事、遥感、医学和计算机图像等领域。图像融合的主要目的将来自两个或更多相同场景的信息相结合以获得一个包含完整信息的图像。比如，廉价相机的主要问题是我们不能获得不同距离的每个目标以获得一个聚焦所有目标的图像。因此，我们需要一种多聚焦图像融合方法来聚焦和获得更清晰的图像。 经典融合算法包括计算源图像平均像素的灰度值，拉普拉斯金字塔，对比度金字塔，比率金字塔和离散小波变换（DWT）。然而，计算源图像平均像素灰度值的方法导致一些不期望的影响例如对照物减少。小波变换的基本原理是对每个源图像进行分解，然后将所有这些分解单元组合获取合成表示，从中可以通过寻找反变换恢复融合图像。这种方法显然是有效的。但是，小波变化只能通过变换边缘特征反映出来，却不能表达边缘的特点。同时，也因为它采用各向同性所以小波变化无法显示边缘方向。由于小波变换的限制，Donoho 等人提出了曲波变换的概念，它采用边缘作为基本元素，较为成熟并可以适应图像特征。此外，曲波变换具有各向异性和有更好的方向，可以提供更多图像处理的信息。 通过曲波变换的原则我们知道：曲波变化除了具有多尺度小波变换和地方特色外，它还具有方向特征和支持会话的基础特征。曲波变化可以适当代表图像边缘和相同逆变换精度的光滑区。继曲波变化低波段和高波段融合算法系数的研究后，提出一种思想：低-带系数采用NGMS方法和不同的方向高带系数采用LREMS方法。 2.第二代曲波变化 第二代曲波变换和第一代的曲波变换不同的是，没有导入脊波变换的实施过
外文文献： Construction Standards and Costs UC Irvine new construction pursues performance goals and applies quality standards that affect the costs of capital projects. Periodic re-examination of these goals and standards is warranted. Construction costs are not “high” or “low” in the abstract, but rather in relation to specific quality standards and the design solutions, means, and methods used to attain these standards. Thus, evaluating whether construction costs are appropriate involves: ? first, determining whether quality standards are excessive, insufficient, or appropriate; ? second, determining whether resultant project costs are reasonable compared to projects with essentially the same quality parameters. “Quality” encompasses the durability of bui lding systems and finishes; the robustness and life-cycle performance of building systems; the aesthetics of materials, their composition, and their detailing; and the resource-sustainability and efficiency of the building as an overall system. Overall Goals and Quality Standards UC Irvine, in order to support distinguished research and academic