Lesson 1
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Understanding Cause and Effect
The author uses the device of cause and effect to divide the flow of events into reasons and results. The essay can be regarded mainly as the answer to the following two questions.
1) Why does the author decide to become a house father? (cause)
A. His job was boring.
B. He felt excluded from the family.
C. He was suffering from ulcer.
D. The family could get by without his earnings.
2) What happens as a result of his decision? (effect)
A. His father doesn't appreciate his choice.
B. His wife becomes the breadwinner.
C. His health is improving.
D. He doesn't need to follow the home-office-home routine.
E. His time becomes flexible.
F. He looks after his son and develops a close relationship with him.
G. He did the family chores.
H. He is still hesitant as to whether he will go out for a job some day.
2. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) tongue-tied unable to speak clearly or fluently
(If your tongue is tied, you are unable to speak clearly because you are nervous or embarrassed.)
2) dead-end boring
("Dead end" means a situation beyond which development is impossible. A dead-end job is a job with low wages and no chance of progress.)
3) drawbacks disadvantages
(The word is used together with its antonym "benefits.")
4) excluded not included
(The antonym of "excluded" is "included." The author was unhappy because he felt he was not part of the family. )
5) beating finishing before a set time
(From the context, we know that he had to work very hard to finish his work in time.)
6) be cut loose be freed
(The phrase figuratively means "free oneself with effort from something binding." "stripped of" in the same sentence serves as a note to this phrase.)
7) tight affected by scarcity
(When "tight" is used to describe his job, it suggests that there are not many jobs in his field.)
8) literally extremely
(This word is used to emphasize a strong expression of feelings. In this context, it helps to express his strong dislike for his previous job.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) C 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) B
2. Vocabulary Study
Part A
1) unsure 2) unease 3) endlessly 4) Indecision 5) unnerving
6) seamless 7) unpleasant 8) uncertainty 9) immaturity 10) unheard
Part B
1) edge
A. 对工作的厌恶让我几近崩溃。
B. 但是，抛弃这后两种品质我便毫无优势可言，这可能让我失去重返工作岗位的机会。
C. 他骄傲自大，总以为比我强。我得采取行动，挫挫他的锐气。
D. 它是一种尖端技术，却也是一把双刃剑。
2) sense
A. 我认为待在家里对我的身心健康有益。
B. 周围的人都身负重任，知道自己要干什么。
C. 如果你不是有意识地培育幸福的话，你就无法从任何事情中体验到深刻的幸福感。
D. 玛丽与女儿安娜才相处了几天，就察觉到她和丈夫之间出了问题。
3) only
A. 这是一个工作日的下午，我是这里唯一一个处于工作年龄段的男士。
B. 我不认识全职父亲，也从未遇见过一位全职父亲。我只是读过他们的故事。
C. 中国的长城规模宏大，它是从月球上能够看到的唯一的一个人工建筑。
D. 世界各地每天都在发生小地震，有的小到只有通过精密仪器才能“感觉”出来。
3. Grammar Study
In 1986, there were 445 stay-at-home fathers in the UK. Two decades later, that number has risen to over 21,000. And in June this year, the UK's Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) announced that 79 percent of men questioned said they would be happy to look after their young children while their wife went out to work. In a single generation, a behavior that was once considered eccentric has become mainstream.
This is just one illustration of a big change in social attitudes in the western world. Formerly, a father would be refused entry to a delivery room; now he may be reproached for his absence. His traditional role in family life was that of breadwinner and disciplinarian, but today childcare manuals all urge a more loving paternal approach.
The EOC report has received unexpectedly wide press coverage, because the trend for men to take on traditionally female roles is still controversial. Many people welcome it, but others fear that something is going badly wrong with the human race. Those who fear the rise of the "new man" condemn him as "unnatural" and assert that scientists will confirm their beliefs. That reassurance may once have been forthcoming, but now the opposite is true.
4. Suggested Translation
1) 于是这句话就成为我对全职父亲的最佳表述。这种职业体现了一种崭新的生活方式，不
能简单地提提就算了。对，还得解释、辩护，甚至表现出极大的热情。
(要准确翻译这个句子，需要理解整段话的意思：这种崭新的生活方式不为大众所知，也不被人理解，所以需要解释、辩护。那个时候因为不知道怎么说，我就说我在家外面工作。
但现在我知道怎么应付了。)
2) 他只知道，在性格上与他有诸多相像之处的独生儿子违反了男人养家女人育儿的自然法
则。在他看来，愿意干不体面的活说明我软弱、不成熟。
(原句中的破折号起补充说明的作用，翻译时可以不用。后一句主语应做适当调整。)
3) 现在，周末的结束仍然会使我感到一丝不安；在接下来的一周里，我没有实实在在的作
为，只有空虚陪伴左右。
(该句有省略成分，a void完整的表述是：I now face a void.)
4) 这不免让人啼笑皆非。要想成为一个既忠实又能干的全职父亲，这种变化是必须的：温
和，满足于小小的愉悦，满足于看起来很平凡的一切。
(首句实为上一段末句的一部分，完整的句子是：Maybe I'm mellowing, which is ironic.)
Lesson 2
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Thesis
Thesis is the central idea in an essay, usually expressed in a one- or two-sentence thesis statement. Authors accomplish two things by providing a thesis statement in an essay: It indicates the essay's subject and expresses an attitude to that subject. The subject of the essay is fitness mania. The thesis statement is the conclusive sentence of the first part, supported by the author's personal experiences and reflections on the subject in the following parts. The author uses a special term -- entropy -- to show his negative view of fitness mania.
Thesis: Something is wrong with the fitness mania that has swept the Western World, and from watching Mimi I know what it is. Entropy. (Ll. 20?2)
2. Analogy
Analogy refers to an imaginative comparison between two subjects that seem to have little in common. Often a complex idea or topic can be made understandable by comparing it to a more familiar subject. In joining these two things together, the author emphasizes shared characteristics and provides a fresh insight.
The whole essay is based on an analogy developed by the author. He compares people having a mania for fitness to a hamster running in the cage. We can find some similarities between the two by matching the following two items.
Exercisers in the fitness clubs -- Hamsters in the cages
Exercise machine in the club -- Exercise wheel in the cage
Human society -- Hamster cage
Riding the treadmill -- Sprinting in the metal cylinder
Sweating for nothing -- Running only to create entropy
The author uses analogy to clarify the thesis. He explains a social phenomenon (fitness mania) by comparing it to something that is vivid and easier to understand (a pet hamster's running in the cage). The purpose of the author is not only to illustrate a new trend in society, but also to convince the readers of the insanity of those who waste time and energy working out in the gym.
3. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) drive a wide road lined with trees
(The word is usually used as a verb. But in this context, it is used as a noun, being part of an address.)
2) throwaway of things intended to be used only for a short time, and then to be thrown away
(This adjective consists of "throw" and "away." The meaning of the word is suggested by the two components of this word.)
3) cripple deprive of strength and efficiency
(From the context, we know that due to the fitness mania, we are wasting a lot of time and energy.)
4) parallel comparison that shows likeness
(In this context, the universe is compared to a hamster cage.)
5) chop down cut down
(Words like "wood" and "fuel" in the sentence suggest the meaning of the phrase.)
6) fit into get into
(The phrase is used with "new pants," which suggests that the exercisers want to lose their weight in order to be the right size for the new pants.)
7) insane incredibly large
(The king of entropy has made a lot of money by advocating exercise.)
8) tearful causing tears
(Simmons might be touched by such a good solution.)
9) baggage burden
("Excess baggage" means the weight you do not like.)
10) at low rates at low prices
(The phrase is used with the verb "sell," which suggests that the word "rate" means "price.")
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) B 5) D
2. Vocabulary Study
1) exercise -- work out 2) run -- sprint 3) at …pace -- at …rate
4) reduce -- diminish 5) think of -- contemplate 6) produce -- generate
7) useless -- inefficient 8) health -- fitness
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
Part A
1) My mother decided to take regular exercise when she found that she had gained ten pounds.
2) What did you do for your parents in the past two years when you lived with them?
3) When I was looking at the boy I was thinking of our first meeting.
Part B
1) Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is good to mental and physical health.
2) The farming activity has promoted agriculture while at the same time providing a source for the development of local art and culture.
3) The old lady had lost her wallet while taking her savings to the bank.
4. Suggested Translation
1) 疯狂的健身潮席卷西方世界，这真是匪夷所思。通过对米米的观察我知道了症结所在，
原来是熵在作怪。
(前半句里的从句比较难处理，应把句子拆分成两个短句。)
2) 把煤点着了生火，火在将少量的水加热产生蒸汽的同时，也产生了大量的二氧化碳，蒸
汽发电点亮了屋里的耗能灯，而屋中却空无一人。
(翻译本句应注意which所限定的名词。)
3) 我倒有一个办法能化解这种无端的自恋，我相信西蒙斯会被我勾画出的这番景象感动得
泪流满面。
(翻译时注意措辞。)
4) 我们无法承受更多的熵。如果忘记了这一点，我们便与笼中的仓鼠无异，盲目地奔波不
停。
(该句的难点是比喻的理解，night可指仓鼠在夜间活动的习惯，也指人的盲目无知。)
Lesson 3
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Intended Audience
1) B and C
2) Message: Don't be trapped by those "smart" feature-packed appliances. We consumers don't need appliances that are smarter than us, for they have brought us so much trouble.
2. Emphasis
1) What they say they want to do is have us live in homes where "all appliances are on the Internet, sharing information"?
("Say" is italicized to give emphasis. What they say is their intention, but the effect is frustrating.)
2) Now I'm flushing the upstairs toilet!
(With the exclamation mark, the speaker is very proud of what he is doing.)
3) We don't need a dishwasher that we can communicate with from afar.
("Need" is italicized to show the author's strong disapproval.)
4) Put those dishes in the dishwasher right now or I'll leak all over your shoes!
(By italicizing each word and ending the sentence with an exclamation mark, the author implies that this is what we need but a machine cannot do.)
5) But here is what really concerns me about these new "smart" appliances?
(The quotation mark suggests that the appliances are not smart at all.)
6) We can't use the appliance features we have now.
("Now" is italicized to show the contrast between "now" and "future.")
7) …which has features out the wazooty and requires three remote controls.
("Three" is italicized to say that it is unreasonable for anyone to turn on a TV with so many remote controls.)
8) And now the appliance manufacturers want to give us even more features.
("More" is italicized to show the author's anger with the manufacturers.)
9) Your appliances should be dumber than you?
("Dumber" is italicized to suggest a double meaning. It can be understood as "stupid," i.e. "easy-to-use." It also means "silent" to show the author's dislike for the speaking refrigerator.) 10) Because while you're reading this, your microwave oven is voting YES.
(Each letter of YES is capitalized to stress a sharp contrast between the consumers' attitude and the manufacturers' attitude toward smart appliances.)
3. Style
To understand the style of this essay, we need to go over the use of diction, sentence pattern, dialogue, tone, etc. to find out the way in which the essay is written. Ask students to collect
information for the following chart.
Elements Examples
Use of colloquial expressions:
Word Choice (1) smoking crack
(2) Are they nuts?
(3) out the wazooty
Sentence Structure Such sentence openers as "of course," "I mean" suggest oral rather than written style.
(1) Quotations are used to create conversational style.
Dialogue "Put those dishes in the dishwasher right now or I'll leak all over your shoes!"
"Hey, Bob! I hear your celery is limp!"
(2) A scenario is created by the conversation between a boss and an employee.
Humorous and ironic
(1) This phone probably can communicate with the dead, but I don't know how to operate it ?
Tone (2) Mentioning the number of the remote control buttons.
(3) a foolproof system for determining if we're out of milk: We ask our wife.
(4) Owner's Manual instructions written by and for nuclear physicists.
The essay first appeared on February 27, 2000 as a newspaper column. Columns usually offer advice or solutions to problems which appear in most American newspapers. The columnists write very much as they speak. In order to attract the readers' attention, they choose to use plain language and vivid expressions. In this essay, the author tends to criticize the abuse of technology in modern life and shows his negative attitude towards "smart" appliances by playing jokes on them. With emphasis, irony and other devices, the essay is on the whole written in a vivid, sharp style.
4. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) state say
(In this context, "state" is used to mean "say" for the purpose of making variations.)
2) load put dirty dishes in the dishwasher
(The sentence "Put those dishes in the dishwasher right now or I'll leak all over your shoes!" can serve as a clue.)
3) keyboard the device consisting a set of keys on a computer
("Computer keyboard" provides the clue.)
4) foolproof incapable of going wrong or being misused
(We have already got a reliable system that never fails to tell us whether we have milk. The suffix "-proof" means "give protection against.")
5) feature-packed with many features
(The verb "pack" means "fill to capacity." The word suggests that a small remote control is packed with many feature buttons.)
6) identified recognized
(The buttons on the remote control can be recognized by the labels.)
7) business a commercial or industrial enterprise
(From the context we know that the word "business" doesn't mean "trade," but "a commercial organization.")
8) disable make unable to perform a certain action
(With the prefix "dis-," the word gets a negative meaning.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) D 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) D
2. Vocabulary Study
This exercise provides the opportunity to practice some of the newly learned vocabulary. While understanding the precise meaning and form of a word, students had better extend their vocabulary by studying the word in a meaningful context.
1) urged 2) informed 3)figured out 4) at random
5) transmit 6) Frankly 7) features 8)remote
9) Likewise 10) are confronted with 11) appliances 12) limp
3. Suggested Translation
1) 他们说，他们想让我们生活在这样的家里：“电器全部联网，信息共享”，它们“大多比
自己的主人还要聪明”。
(斜体的say用黑体或其他重点符突出。后面的从句拆开译较通顺些。)
2) 用这部电话也许还能跟死人对话，可我却不知道怎么操作它；我也不知道如何操作我的
电视机，它有数不清的功能，需要三个遥控器。
(注意just as的译法。斜体的three用黑体或其他重点符突出。)
3) 遥控器共有三个电源键，可有的时候——特别是在我儿子和他的朋友们改变了遥控器设
置的时候——我实在不知道怎么才能把电视打开，他们倒是不怕那些功能。
(本句不难，翻译时注意措辞。)
4) 这意味着某天晚上，当你想打开你那“聪明”的冰箱找一瓶啤酒时，你会听到一个欢快
悦耳的声音对你说：“你的芹菜打蔫儿了。”这个声音是录音的。当你给某个公司打电话时，这同一个女人的声音会告诉你，“你的来电对本公司很重要”，而弦外之音则是不想直接跟你对话。
(本句结构较复杂，尤其是破折号之间的部分。应先弄清语法关系，再设法把长句拆分成短句。)
Lesson 4
Reading Skills and Practice
1. How to Determine the Form of Writing
This is an essay of persuasion.
The author tries to persuade both the white and the black people to accept her (a middle-class black) as one of them. She believes that she belongs to both worlds and that it is unfair for her to be discriminated against and abandoned by both sides.
2. How to Decide on the Tone by Studying Diction
1) What words or phrases does the author employ when she describes the difficulties she has encountered in both the white and black worlds? What is her attitude expressed in the essay? Words and phrases:
A. What words or phrases does she use to refer to the black people who have misunderstood her because of her middle class status?
Militants and the drug dealer.
B. What words or phrases does she use to describe the white's attitude toward the black?
Racism and prejudice.
C. How does she view the struggle of the black for equality?
A hollow victory.
D. How does she describe her own life?
She stands between two worlds, disprove black inadequacy and is "looked down on" by the white.
E. What attitude does she express in this essay? What is her tone?
She expresses her perplexed and dissatisfied feelings in this essay. Her tone is both angry and frustrated.
2) The author uses "we" at times to refer to the black middle class and at other times to the black race. Try to discriminate the tones in different references.
The black middle class
How does she describe her own life as a member of black middle class?
When she describes her own life as a member of black middle class, she adopts a resentful and dissatisfied tone, for the black middle class are misunderstood and abandoned by both the white and the black.
The black race
How does she describe the black people's attitude toward the black middle class?
The black people are both frustrated by and jealous of the success of the black middle class. For this part, her tone is sad.
3. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) deny refuse to let have
(The black people could not have all these things before.)
2) outdated old, no longer valid
(The two components of this word "out" and "dated" both mean "old.")
3) heartbroken full of sorrow
(In the second part of the sentence, we know that the black middle class become sad, for they know that it is possible to establish a better world in which the black and the white can live in harmony. The two components of this word also reveal the meaning.)
4) ancient very old
(The author uses "ancient" instead of "old" to stress on the man's longevity.)
5) stretch spread and cover
(From the context, we know that although McClain can travel to Paris, far away from her home, her uncle's world seems quite limited.)
6) simplistic treating things as if they were much simpler than they really are
(For the author, the matter of success for the black is much more complicated than anyone can imagine.)
7) (be) burdened with take the trouble to
(McClain is doing something that she is unwilling to do.)
8) cursed attacked with insulting words
(It is the antonym of "blessed.")
9) disprove prove to be false
(The prefix "dis-" is used to negate "prove.")
10) liberal willing to understand and respect the ideas and feelings of others
(With the quotation mark, the author is saying that white people do not really believe that blacks can be as smart as they are. They do not really respect her. )
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) C 2) B 3) C 4) B
2. Vocabulary Study
This exercise helps the students practice some of the newly learned vocabulary. The words and their antonyms are both from the text.
1) slapped 2) outside 3) past 4) ancestors 5) abandon
6) curse 7) respect 8) credit 9) expectation 10) proved
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
1) I am a member of the black middle class who has had it with being patted on the head by white hands and slapped in the face by black hands for my success.
2) A considerable number of the folks we left behind in the "old country," commonly called the ghetto, and the militants we left behind in their outdated ideology can't criticize middle-class blacks enough for "forgetting where we came from."
3) They say we are Oreos, black on the outside, white within.
4) I recall the girl I played dolls with who now rears five children on welfare, the boy from church who is in prison for murder.
5) There is no safe distance from the wretched past of my ancestors or the purposeless present of some of my contemporaries.
6) I am not comfortably middle class; I am uncomfortably middle class.
7) I have overcome the problems of food, clothing and shelter, but I have not overcome my old opponent, prejudice.
8) I stand between two worlds, and I am cursed and blessed by both.
9) I know how weak my grip on one way of life is, and how strangling the grip of the other way of life can be.
10) The whites cannot be sincere about respecting me when they hold my fellows in contempt. 4. Suggested Translation
1) 而在我们老家那些生活在贫民区、观念陈旧的黑人好战分子总是无休止地责骂黑人中产
阶级，说我们“忘了本”。
(can't criticize somebody or something enough意为“怎么批评某人或某事都不过分”，该句型为否定的形式、肯定的意思。注意we left behind的译法。)
2) 只要那些毒品贩子还不惜利用儿时的友情来诈骗我，我就不可能忘本。
(be prey to somebody 意为“受某人欺诈”，该句含有as long as引导的条件状语从句。)
3) 然而，在我心里，祖辈们悲惨的过去或同辈人毫无目的的生活总是与我若即若离。我担
心这样的命运会重新落到我的头上。
(该句为典型的对称句，ancestors与contemporaries对应，past与present对应，wretched
与purposeless对应。)
4) 只要还有一个黑人同胞呆在贫民区里，我们大家就都在受苦受难；同样，如果有哪位同
胞跨越了障碍，我们就跟着一起受益。
(由inasmuch as引导的两个句子有明显的对应关系，翻译时可灵活处理两句间的关系。)
Lesson 5
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Extended Definition
The purpose of an extended definition is to explore a word or a topic in its full complexity. In this essay, the author does not define the word "complexion" with a dictionary meaning, nor does he state it in a few words. Instead, he illustrates the word by telling feelings on different stages of his growth. In his eyes, the word involves cultural and racial conflict. It has been deeply rooted in his life and makes him what he is now.
The thesis statement may help us to have a better understanding of "complexion." Following the anecdote in the first paragraph, the thesis comes out to play the transitional role which connects the beginning of the essay with the other parts: That incident anticipates the shame and sexual inferiority I was to feel in later years because of my dark complexion.
Therefore, the word "complexion" can be interpreted as:
People's discrimination against dark skin makes me a shy boy with inferiority complex. (He finds himself ugly, different from his light-skinned brother, probably his father. He is ashamed of his body. He has doubts about his maleness and his attractiveness to the other sex. He identifies himself with the Mexican workers. )
Other strategies used by the author include description, narration, comparison and contrast, and cause and effect. The most important one is narration. The whole essay is based on the author's recollection of growth. In a chronological order, he organizes the essay by showing how his shame and sense of inferiority has depressed him throughout his childhood and adolescence.
Going hand in hand with narration is description. The author makes his narration very vivid by providing concrete, specific details to present his over-sensitiveness to his skin color: mother's whispering, razor, mirror, photos, physical education class, braceros, etc.
Comparison and contrast are also used in the text.
Comparison: the author -- Mexican laborers
Contrast: the author -- his light-skinned brother, and probably his father
Cause and effect can easily be found in the thesis statement of the essay.
Cause: His dark complexion
Effect: His shame and sexual inferiority.
2. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) call out utter aloud, shout
(From the context we know that the boy was sitting on the damp pavement next to the pool and the father was calling the boy to swim to him. Another clue is "his voice sounded.")
2) regard stare; look at attentively
(He locked himself in the bathroom and looked at the mirror, studying his skin carefully.)
3) bar a block of solid substance
("A bar of soap" suggests that it was a piece of soap. Another example is "a bar of chocolate.")
4) deliberateness carefulness
(In the context we know that the boy was holding a razor in his hand, so he had to be very careful. "Slowly" and "steady" also suggest the meaning.)
5) define show the form or outline
(In this sentence, the author is talking about his profile, or his form. The word "undefined" in L.
56 is a negation of this meaning.)
6) roofer a worker who lays or repairs roofs
(With the suffix "-er," this word refers to a person whose work has something to do with roof.) 7) in the presence of when close enough to be seen or heard by someone
(The phrase can be explained by the phrase "come face to face with" in the fifth paragraph. The author was so shy that he was not able to talk with a girl.)
8) sophisticated complicated
(Without any real-life sex experience, the author just imagine it as something very pleasing and intricate.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) C 2) B 3) C 4) D
2. Vocabulary Study
1) skin -- complexion 2) bright -- radiant 3) noticed -- noted 4) bothers -- annoys
5) felt -- sensed 6) tease -- taunt 7) real -- actual 8) attractive -- fabulous
9) ugly -- graceless 10) contempt -- scorn
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
Part A
suspect that… believe to be true or probable
doubt that… consider unlikely
1) I think he didn't cheat on the test.
2) If too many people are learning Latin, I think many of them will not find suitable jobs after
graduation.
3) I think it will be sunny tomorrow.
4) I think no one knows the old lady more than I do.
5) Everybody believes him, but I doubt he is telling the truth.
Part B
only too…to…
Too…to…
1) The book is too boring for me to enjoy reading it.
2) The light was too dim to be used for close work.
3) Henry was too clever not to see that many of the persons who accepted his invitation did so only to get a free meal.
4) They are only too satisfied to take the opinions of others without the pain of thought for themselves.
5) I'd be only too pleased to do my best in that line of work.
6) It's only too easy to forget how many soldiers died to secure our freedom.
4. Suggested Translation
1) 那件事预示了在后来的岁月里我会为自己的黑皮肤感到羞耻，会有性自卑。
(原句中有一个定语从句, 翻译时可以用适当的中文句式把它化掉。)
2) 我慢慢地、小心翼翼地把刀片放在皮肤上，尽量地贴紧，但又不至于伤着皮肤，我来回
移动刀片，看看能否将皮肤上的黑色刮掉，哪怕刮下一部分也行。
(本句不难，翻译时应适当调整原句的句式，并注意措辞。)
3) 我拒绝感受正常人都有的那种让人感受到身体活力的肉体上的极度兴奋----脱掉衬衫，
骑在自行车上，奋力蹬踏，虎虎生风----那些让我第一次体验到阳刚之气的肉体知觉。
(原句为倒装结构，宾语前置，句子的正常语序是：I denied the normal, extraordinary, animal excitement of 叀>涫兹 霾⒘械男稳荽什灰欢ㄕ找耄 梢愿 菥渥拥拇笠饬榛畲 怼?
4) 我只是把自己跟某个虚幻不实的墨西哥劳工作对比----他有着跟我一样的黑皮肤，但又
与我迥然不同。
(原句为it引导的强调句，但翻译时更应注意上下文的语气。)
Lesson 6
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Understanding Classification
Classification is an important method of analysis in exposition. It systematically groups a number of things into categories to make the information easier to grasp. By using classification, the author can not only present a subject, but also place the subject into a complex network of relations. In the essay, King classifies the ways of meeting oppression into three and then analyzes each of them for the purpose of highlighting the power of the third way -- nonviolent resistance. Key to the Exercises
1) Acquiescence: The oppressed become accustomed to oppression and give up struggling for their freedom.
Violence: Physically aggressive toward opponents is both impractical and immoral.
Nonviolent Resistance: Evil is resisted by opposing the unjust system while loving those responsible for the system.
2) The whole essay is built on the three ways King develops one by one and is thereby divided into three parts. The classification not only structures the essay but also makes it easier to explore the abstract subject -- meeting oppression. King analyses the disadvantages of the first two ways in order to convince the readers that nonviolent resistance is the right way. Therefore, the thesis of the essay is not the introducing sentence, the function of which is to introduce the subject, but the sentence in the eighth paragraph: It seems to me that this (nonviolence) is the method that must guide the actions of the Negro in the present crisis in race relations.
2. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) meet encounter, fight
(The whole essay is about the three ways to fight against oppression.)
2) conditioned accustomed
(The word "adjust" in this sentence suggests that by adjusting themselves to oppression they are getting used to it.)
3) (be) worn down (be) tired out
(The word "exhaustion" in the previous sentence is the clue.)
4) acquiesce agree, often unwillingly, without raising an argument
(The word is the verb form of "acquiescence." Those who acquiesce are people who accept oppression quietly.)
5) monologue a speech by one person
(The prefix "mono-" means "one" while "di-" means "two." The meaning of this word is in contrast to the word "dialogue" in the sentence.)
6) right correct
("Right" is used as a verb in the sentence. The phrase "right a wrong" can be explained as "make a wrong thing right.")
7) falsehood telling a lie
(The meaning of the word can be guessed from the two components of this word.)
8) shallow concerned only with what is obvious, lacking knowledge or intellect
(It is unwise to ask the blacks to move as a group to other places of U.S.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) C 2) A 3) D 4) C
2. Vocabulary Study
1) A. oppression B. oppressed C. oppressor, oppressed
2) A. acquiescence B. acquiescing
3) A. destroyer B. destroyed
4) A. right B. rights
5) A. end B. endless C. ended
6) A. unjust B. injustice C. justice
7) A. cooperation B. cooperate C. Noncooperation
8) A. immoral B. moral C. morally D. immorality
9) A. moment B. momentary
10) A. inferior B. inferiority
11) A. brothers B. brotherhood
12) A. resignation B. resigns
13) A. resistance B. resisting C. resister D. nonresistance
14) A. violent B. nonviolent C. nonviolence
15) A. opposed B. opposite
3. Grammar Study
A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete. Singers practice breathing every day, for their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.
Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano
tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.
4. Suggested Translation
1) 几年前，在亚特兰大市的贫民区，有一个黑人吉他手几乎每天都唱“穷苦了这么久，我
已无所谓”。往往就是这种消极的自由和屈从毁掉了被压迫者的生活。
(注意“down”和“often”的译法。)
2) 从古到今，有一个声音始终在人们耳边回响，它对每一个潜在的彼德说：“收起你的剑。”
历史上不知有多少个国家因为不听此言而遭受了灭顶之灾。
(注意“echoes through time”和“is filled with the wreckage”的译法。)
3) 按照黑格尔哲学的合题理论，非暴力抵抗的原则是设法调和顺从和暴力这两个极端，取
其合理的部分，摒弃其极端和不道德的部分。
(本句比较深奥，很难译得简洁明了。翻译时应避免重复。)
4) 非暴力抵抗者赞同顺从者的观点，认为不应该攻击对手的身体；但是，非暴力抵抗者也
赞同暴力抵抗者的观点，认为必须抵抗邪恶。于是他的观点达到了平衡。
(本句的难点在于“he balances the equation by”，翻译时应设法避开原句的句式。)
5) 为了获取公民全部的尊严和权利，黑人必须满怀热情、不懈地努力。但是，他不可以用
低劣的手段来达到目的。他决不能堕落到撒谎、敌视、仇恨或杀戮。
(为了让译文通顺，语气连贯，可以调整第一句前半句的语序。其他部分注意措辞。)
Lesson 7
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Understanding the Effects of Short and Powerful Verbs
The author applies quite a number of short and powerful verbs to the description of actions and movements that often happened very quickly. Also encourage students to study other verbs to have
a better understanding of the text.
1) take: mug (L. 5) grab (L. 9) rifle (L. 15) snatch (L. 21)
Effect: These verbs describe different ways of taking. The monosyllable of these short and powerful words indicates the suddenness and quickness of the actions taken. When the passers-by are suddenly attacked by those muggers, they will be too frightened to do anything to defend themselves.
2) run: dash (L. 34) pursue (L. 49) dart (L. 53) charge (L. 54)
race (L. 65) chase (L. 65) rush (L. 115)
Effect: The chase makes not only the author but also the readers breathless. In the desperate chasing, both the thief and Colin were running as fast as they could.
2. Understanding the Verbal Phrases
1) thundering past the library 咚咚地从图书馆旁边跑过去
2) lumbering down the sidewalk like a rogue elephant 像一头离群的大象在人行道上笨重地跑着
3) charged across the busy thoroughfare 冲过那条繁忙的大街
4) raced across Tremont 飞奔横穿特莱蒙街
5) chased after the fleeing figure 紧紧追赶那个逃跑的人
6) tripping over the body 被那人的身体绊了一下
7) staggering卽p the sidewalk 摇摇晃晃地走到人行道上
8) came steaming up the street 满头大汗地跑到街上
9) advancing majestically up the avenue 在大街上威风凛凛地开过来
10) rushed directly into the squad car's path 一下子就冲到了警车行驶的车道上
3. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) criminal having the nature of a crime
(In the following paragraphs, we know what a criminal activity is. "Criminal" is the adjective of "crime.")
2) radically greatly
(The situation on the Divers' block has greatly worsened.)
3) rifle search through and steal everything valuable
(The robbers wanted money from Linda Trum. When Linda told them that she was not carrying any money, they searched her pockets for it.)
4) array a set of (tubes and brushes) in lines
(The large number of tubes and brushes of the vacuum cleaner confuses the Divers.)
5) pocketbook handbag or purse
("He hit me in the face and grabbed my purse" is the clue.)
6) alien unfamiliar; belonging to other races or people
(Colin never went into that territory because it belongs to some minorities such as Cubans, Dominicans, and Puerto Ricans.)
7) deliberate consider
(The questions before this sentence suggest that Colin was thinking carefully about what he was going to do next.)
8) trigger a device that causes something to happen
(The hit is like a trigger that crushes the person into a heap.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) C 2) B 3) D
2. Vocabulary Study
Part A
1) grabbed/snatched 2) grabbed 3) snatched 4) grabbed
5) snatched 6) snatched 7) Grab
grab: 1) seize with a sudden rough movement, esp. for selfish reasons; 2) get quickly and perhaps unfairly; 3) hold abruptly and firmly; 4) never used in passive voice
snatch: 1) get hold of hastily, esp. forcefully; 2) take quickly as chance allows, often wrongfully or without permission; 3) take away suddenly and forcibly what does not belong to the doer
Part B
1) yell 2) yell 3) shout 4) shout 5) yell 6) shout
yell: 1) make a loud cry as of fear or excitement; 2) make a loud utterance, often in protest or opposition; 3) declare in a loud voice
shout: 1) speak or say very loudly in order to be heard; 2) utter aloud, often with surprise, horror or joy; 3) use foul or abusive language towards
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
1) To get a shelter from the rain, he dashed into the small temple, where he found an umbrella.
2) To avoid being late for the meeting, we rushed to the conference hall, where we found nobody but ourselves.
3) The police charged into the room, where they only saw a child sitting on the floor crying. His parents had fled.
4. Suggested Translation
1) 科林抄起“强击手”，跑进了小巷。“强击手”是那根当年助他赢得列克星顿棒球小联赛
冠军的棒球棒。
(翻译时，可以把作为同位语的定语从句置后，以保持动作的完整性。)
2) 过去几个月里，在追赶其他罪犯的时候，他总是追到特莱蒙大街就停住了，因为他不想
跑到别人的领地里去。但是他已经受够了。不到一个星期，他家附近就发生了六起暴力抢劫案，这些混蛋，他今天非抓住一个不可。
(翻译的时候，注意用短句尽量表现原文的语气。)
3) 把“强击手”那重重的筒形头从门廊下捡回来之后，他跑上人行道，差点儿撞上两个衣
着光鲜、正准备到镇上去过夜生活的黑人。
(该句的难点是理解短语“dressed to the nines”。注意两处动词进行时的用法与含义。)
4) 像他的许多邻居那样气势汹汹地说：“这些狗娘养的，要是让我逮着了……”是一回事，
真的做起来又是另一回事了。
(在翻译as引导的定语从句时，必须把它放在句首。)
Lesson 8
Reading Skills and Practice
1. How to Understand the Primary Tone
In what manner does the author tell the disaster and its causes?
He tells the whole thing in an objective and matter-of-fact manner as if he were a journalist who were to provide his readers with every detail of an event. When it comes to the part of revealing the causes of the disaster, he becomes even more serious. He even traces the history of numbers so as to find out the theoretical foundation for the existence of the killion. In this sense, the primary tone of the story is seriously comic and absurd and it is achieved by the author's objective and matter-of-fact description.
2. How to Find out the Implications of Jokes and Humor
You can find out some jokes and humorous details with the help of the following questions.
1) What kinds of people were killed by the fatal check?
(People from various walks of life were added to the death list. Apart from Marcie Chang, TV reporter Kerri Corcoran (a colleague and friend), the receptionist and a building security guard, there were also three police officers, a fireman, a newspaper reporter, and even a pathologist from Mount Sinai. Besides, two top scientists from the Institute for Catastrophe Control in Princeton were killed. It seems to be a catastrophe and a piece of striking news, yet the juxtaposition of different people in the death list achieves a sense of humor.)
2) How did the scientists examine the check? What did they find out?
(They examined the check "through heavily tinted safety glasses, in sections, with no one
scientist viewing the entire check." They found that all these people were not killed by a supertoxin or highly contagious disease; instead, they were killed by the killion, an extremely large number. The author is joking with the exaggerated description and the astonishing result.) 3) How does the author trace the history of numbers? How does he describe Newton, Gauss and Einstein's attitudes toward the killion?
(The author analyses the development of big numbers chronically. First Newton felt "very sick" when the number approached "one killion"; Then Gauss was "upset" by the killion and made up "Gaussian numbers"; and finally Einstein insisted that each computer should be equipped with a governor. The author is joking though he makes up the seemingly true history of numbers seriously.)
Teacher's Comment
When he traces the history of numbers, the author mentions the names of notable scientists such as Newton, Gauss and Einstein. On the one hand, he tries to convince the readers of the existence of the killion and its destructive power in order to augment the humorous effect. On the other hand, he points out that all those scientists have sensed the destructiveness of the killion so they either propose alternatives or provide some solutions. Whatever efforts they have made, such a tragedy is not to be prevented. In this essay, the newly coined word killion symbolizes the destructive power of the computer. With this word, he implies that anything originated from human intelligence is not wholly beneficial to human beings.
4) What caused the computer disorder?
(When the scientists disassembled the computer, they found that some gray stuff, "similar to the gray stuff that collects on the rotary hog-dog grills" actually caused the error. However, they didn't know where the gray stuff had come from, so no one was to blame for the disaster. This makes a mockery of computer, which is designed to work like a human brain. Though a computer is considered omnipotent and infallible, it doesn't perform well all the time.)
Teacher's Comment
The gray stuff is a play on words (recalling "the gray matter" of the brain). The gray matter, the cortex, covers the outer surface of the brain. Although the cortex is delicate and powerful, it cannot guarantee that no mistakes will be made because "mistakes are at the very base of human thought, embedded there, feeding the structure like root nodules."* So to err is computer. The gray stuff symbolizes the mysterious or unknown base of mistakes in a computer.
5) What suggestions does the author give to prevent such tragedies?
(According to the author, you can either give your paycheck to the bank teller without looking at it or move to a country where computers do not exist. However, both suggestions are impractical. The author implies that there is no escape from the killion, or the destructive power of
a computer, in modern society.)
3. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) crumple collapse, fall down
(He fell down on the floor, dead.)
2) alarmed anxious and frightened
(Frightened by the deaths, the public-health officials called the catastrophe control experts.)
3) fell kill
(The two scientists were also killed by the check.)
4) make out print onto a form
(The computer had printed an extremely high number on the check.)
5) governor a regulator or device giving automatic control
(The governor would shut off the computer automatically if it approached a killion. Therefore, a governor serves as a control.)
6) disassemble take apart
(In order to find out the problem with the computer, the technicians took the machine apart into its constituent pieces. "Disassemble" is the antonym of "assemble.")
7) vacuum clean the dust with a vacuum cleaner
("Vacuum" is used as a verb, but the meaning of the word as a noun gives clue to its meaning as a verb. )
8) get kill
(The killion can kill anybody who happens to catch sight of it.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) A 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) B
2. Vocabulary Study
A. 1) guesswork 2) bodyguard 3) broadband 4) chat-room 5) steppingstone
B. 1) newly-arrived 2) narrow-minded 3) home-made 4)easygoing 5) worldwide
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
1) Probably the fastest runner who ever lived, he has also a great interest in drawing cartoons.
2) Probably the highest office tower that ever exited, it also serves as a busy tourist center.
3) Probably the oldest man who ever lived, he also has a great love for pop music.
4. Suggested Translation
1) 他们透过有色安全玻璃查看支票。支票被分隔成几个部分，哪个科学家都看不到它的全
貌。
(注意该句中，需要把介词短语in sections和由with引导的独立主格结构以单句的形式翻译成汉语。safety glass等同于triplex glass，即“夹层/三层玻璃”；heavily tinted意指“给玻璃着色以减低玻璃的透明度”。)
2) 随后，又等了将近15个世纪，直到文艺复兴的金色臂膀一把推开了中世纪黑暗时代的
藩篱之后，人类才得以继续前进到10亿兆、千万亿兆，最后达到亿亿兆。
(该句的难点是对连词before和具有隐喻效果的短语flung open the shutters 的处理，无需拘泥于其字面的意思。)
3) 有个小电枢本该嵌在一个V形凹槽里，但是因为这里堆积的灰色物质太多了，小电枢
根本无法嵌入。
(该句涉及一个定语从句和一个结果状语从句，而且定语从句又附在结果状语从句中。
翻译时注意理清其中的语义逻辑关系。)
4) 它总是存在着，存在于数学界某个遥远的地方。那里空间弯曲，平行线交会，还有许多
我没见过的事情。说到底，充其量你只能希望如果有一天克兆杀死了什么人，那个人不是你。
(翻译时该重复的地方必须重复，措辞应照顾到原文的语气。)
Lesson 9
Reading Skills and Practice
1. Understanding Exposition
The function of an expository essay is to describe, analyze or explain something. In order that the readers have a full understanding of the topic, the author often employs illustrations or examples to support his thoughts and ideas.
1) What is the point the author is trying to make in this passage?
Since no business is immune to data breaches, it is important to take measures to protect ourselves from data breaches.
2) What accounts for data breaches?
A. Lost laptops and other digital media containing consumer data lead to 21 percent of data breaches.
B. 14 percent of breaches involve the accidental publishing of sensitive consumer data.
C. Customer data theft by company employees accounts for 15.6 percent of data breaches.
D. Eleven percent of 2008 data breaches were traced back to subcontractors.
3) What incidents are quoted to show the seriousness of the problem?
A. The massive security breach at TJX Companies, Inc. -- first reported in December 2006 -- helped propel data breaches into the news.
B. Earlier this year, the Bank of New York Mellon lost the personal and financial information of more than 12 million customers when a number of unencrypted backup computer tapes were misplaced.
4) What measures should be taken to protect people from data breaches?
A. To offer identity theft protection as an employee benefit.
B. To provide more robust security education classes.
C. To stop criminals before they gain employment.
D. To use ongoing criminal records monitoring.
E. To eliminate identity thieves from subcontractor pool.
F. To have a step-by-step plan of what to do if a breach occurs.
G. To be able to quickly and effectively respond to the situation.
2. How to Detect the Meanings of the Following with the Help of the Context and Other Clues
1) average have as an average or usual quantity
(It is evident that the word "average" is used as a verb in its context.)
2) in place ready to work
(Business companies should work out a plan beforehand in case a data breach happens.)
3) initiative first act which starts something happening
(This is the noun form of the word "initiate," which means "start.")
4) applicant a person who seeks a job or position
(This word is made from the verb "apply," meaning a person who applies.)
5) branch division of an organization
(People are able to get their divisions and customer information.)
6) internally on the inside
(From the context, we know that security officers and CEO are people from the company, but Attorney General and FBI are not employees of the company.)
7) victimized made a victim of
(The word comes from "victim," which means that the organization has been breached.)
8) 360-degree comprehensive
(The compound adjective "360-degree" here indicates that we need to solve the problem comprehensively.)
9) misplace place (something) in a place where one cannot find
(From the context, we know that the computer tapes are lost.)
10) uphill difficult
(Going up the hill is something difficult. When a data breach happens, it is hard to make up for the loss.)
Exercises
1. Reading Comprehension
1) C 2) A 3) D 4) D 5) A
2. Vocabulary Study
1) A. notify B. notification
2) A. victimized B. victim
3) A. crime B. criminal C. criminal
4) A. occurrence B. occur
5) A. theft B. thief, thief
3. Sentence Patterns to Imitate
1) With all his achievements
(With短语在本句中引出让步意义。)
2) with interpersonal relationships
(With短语放在just as结构后面，表示其引出的内容与主句的内容情况相同。)
3) With the development and wide application of network
(With短语在本句中表示伴随意义。)
4) with all the trees putting on a tender green
(With短语在本句中表示原因。)
5) with his wife's jewels
(With在本句中引出包括的内容。)
6) with chopsticks
(With在本句中引出使用的工具。)
7) with strong views
(With在本句中引出拥有物，可以是物质的，也可是精神的。)
8) with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school
(With短语在本句中为独立主格结构，起补充说明的作用。)
9) with a lot of travelling owing to heavy schedules
(With在本句中引出原因。)
10) with his homework laid aside
(With在本句中引出转折意义。)
4. Suggested Translation
1) 采用综合背景筛查法验证求职者的身份，包括其姓名和出生日期, 就能有效阻止犯罪分
子的求职行动。
(原句的定语从句在译文中不一定要体现出来。)
第四章答案 Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▇Working with Words and Expressions 1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) committed 13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest 16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived 2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) consist /consists of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense 6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth into ▆ Increasing Your Word Power 1 Word Building Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and
Unit 1 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C II. Translation 1. 但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。 2. 他不会轻易发火，有一颗金子般的心，你很少能从他的嘴里听到攻击和批评别人的话。 3. 常言道：善行胜于善言。父亲的身教对我的影响远远超过了他的言传。 4. 面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，怎么能保持心气平和？难道力气这么大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 5. 体育明星和歌星|、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄”这个头衔还是应该留给像我父亲 那样，为了自己所爱的人孜孜不卷地工作的人。 III. Summary 1.hard work, pays off 2.Big Bruno, strong in stature, a gentle spirit 3.most patient, slow to get angry, a heart of gold, a lot of friends 4. a role model, a true friend, a treasure 5.hero, does good, loves everyone, doesn’t expect anything, in return, work tirelessly, the good race I. Skimming question 1 A II. Skimming question 2 A teacher should … 1. be pleasant live and attractive 2. have a genuine capacity for sympathy 3. be both intellectually and morally honest 4. be mentally alert 5. be capable of infinite patience 6. have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning III. Scanning question 1 4
Unit 1 TEXT A Language focus Word in use [3] 1.whereby 2. pursuit 3. inhibit 4. maintain 5. patriotic 6. transcend 7. endeavor 8. dedication 9. prestige 10. nominate Word building [4] [5] 1.resultant 2. tolerant 3. pollutants 4. inhabited 5. participants 6. descendants 7. attendants 8. respectful 9. contestants 10. neglectful 11. resourceful 12. boastful Banked cloze [6] 1.eventually 2. premier 3. endeavor 4. bypass 5. handicaps Expressions in use [7] 1. removed from 2. failed in 3. in pursuit of 4. deviated from 5. precluded from 6. triumph over 7. work their way into
8. written off TEXT B Understanding the text [2] CBADBBCD Language focus Word in use [4] 1.indulge 2. propelled 3.aggravated 4.dazzled 5. alleviated 6.renowned 7.eloquent 8. destined 9.scorns 10. Applause Expression in use [5] up 2.in 3.on 4.up 5.to 6.on 7.as 8.out sentence structure [6] He prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute She prefers to be the boss, to be in charge and to organize others rather than be organized by some whom she may not even rate very highly. My brother prefers to take the whole blame himself rather than allow it to fall on the innocent.
阅读教程2 Unit 1 Part I P7 I Reading for Information 1-6 A C D B C A P8 II Translation 1.有一百份卷子要批，而且全是男孩们用潦草的字迹写的，这事它已经拖了好几个星期了。这些日子，他一直觉得头上仿佛悬着把剑。 2. 我私下里已经花了一大笔钱来学音乐。 3.他的脸上挂满了汗珠。 4.没有哪个宣布判决的法官会比吃上的谢卡尔更痛苦、更无助。 5.说出事实和接受事实同样需要勇气。 P8 III Summary 1.sun, straight in the face, blinking, dazed. 2.morning , night, tempering truth, shock 3.truth, trials, wife, headmaster 4.apple pie, culinary masterpiece, good, swallow 5.fine, mean, selfish 6.singing, stupefied 7.frogs, buffalo, window shutters 8.strength, give, receive Part II P14 Answer the following questions.
1.Hell is not so terrible as most people think because it can be transformed into Heaven through hard work, courage, faith and love. The real hell is in one’s heart. 2.Heaven is a land of beauty and peace, and it is the result o our hard work. 3.all those hardworking people with courage and determination can rest in Heaven after they die, because although they cannot all reach Heaven in the first place, they can build hell into Heaven. 4.Those who are afraid of Hell and do not have courage to fight difficulties and disasters will end up in Hell. 5.This parable tells us that our destiny is controlled by ourselves. Part III P.16 True or False Passage 1 1-5 T F T F F Passage 2 6-10 T F T T F Passage 3 11-15 C B B B D Passage 4 16-20 C D B D C Unit 2
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后WORDS IN ACTION答案Unit1 WORDS IN ACTION Unit Two WORDS IN ACTION 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) rough 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at work unit 3WORDS IN ACTION 1. 1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise 5) vessel 6) qualify 7) stiff 8) collapsed 9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange 2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look into Unit4 WORDS IN ACTION 1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) hunted (5) classified (6) abolished (7) division (8) senseless (9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned (13)recommends/recommended (14)moderately (15) slightest 2. (1) stands/stood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of (4) gone through (5) in the strict sense (6) At a guess (7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for (10) got their teeth into Unit5 WORDS IN ACTION 1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched (5) finance (6) reputation (7) liberty (8) publicity (9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate (13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored (16) audiences (17) regard (18) assure 2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life (4) dedicate himself to (5) was tired of (6) turn away (7) hang on (8) for the sake of
Unit1 Reading for information 1D 2C 3B 4A 5B 6C Translation 1 今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境，直面真实的世界。 2 你们即将离开学校，终于可以开始接受教育了。 3 想找到一位保守的教授，那比要找到一个雪人还难。若想挑战一些有关政治正确性的正统观点，那你将污名缠身。 4 如果你不相信我的话，那不妨去问一问那些因信奉网络公司是通往财富之路这一理论而破产的人们。现实击碎了他们的梦想。 5 因此，欢迎你来到我们生活的这个理性的世界。一旦你把那些白日梦拒之门外，你就会发现这个世界并不是太糟。 Summary 1 emerge from/face the real world/go about 2 commitment to/benefit from 3 the enjoyment of reading/ was associated with 4 reallity/theory/realist/in theory 5 wishful thinking/ go for/wind up with/twists and turns Unit 2 Reading for information 1B 2A 3D 4C 5B 6D Translation 1 爱是一种艺术吗？如果是，它就需要靠知识和努力来争取。或者爱是一种愉快的感受，能否体验到它是机率问题，如果一个人运气好就能够“坠入爱河”？ 2 大多数人认为爱这个问题主要是被爱，而不是主动去爱，或者主动去爱的能力。因此，他们的问题便是如何被爱，怎么样变得招人爱。 3 关于爱没有什么可学，这一想法背后的第二个前提是一个假设，此假设认为爱的问题是对象的问题，而不是能力的问题。 4 我来做一笔交易：爱的对象从它的社会价值来看应该是最理想的，与此同时他也应该处于对我的显性的和隐性的资质和潜力的考虑而接纳我。 5 两个人变得很熟悉了，他们的亲密感越来越多地失去了神秘色彩，直到他们的对抗、失望和彼此的厌倦抹杀了最初兴奋感消逝后残留下来的点滴东西。 6 爱是再简单不过的事，这一观点至今仍然十分盛行，尽管有大量证据与此相悖。Summary 1 a matter of chance/learned about 2 is based on/primarily/how to be loved 3 assumption/the right object 4 leading to/initial excitement/permanent state 5 theorectical knowledge/ the mastery of the art
第一单元答案 Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) spark 2) compelled 3) bare 4) scrape 5) destruction 6) output 7) retreat 8) tipped 9) miracle 10) eternal 11) pile 12) transfer 13) mass 14) thereby 15) have emerged 16) trigger 17) threaten 18) consumed 19) hollow 2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) show signs of 2) cope with 3) lives in fear of 4) tough it out 5) cut down 6) from head to foot 7) searched out 8) nothing short of
新世纪大学英语阅读教程（2）参考答案 Unit One PartⅠ Reading for Information Exercises Ⅰ Reading for Information A.Reading to find main ideas 1.A, 2. C, B. Reading to find major details 3. D, 4. B, C. Reading to find relevant facts 5. C, 6. A Ⅱ.Translation Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1.有一百份卷子要批，而且全是男孩们用潦草的字迹写成的，这事他已经拖了好几个星期 了。这些日子，他一直觉得头上仿佛悬着把剑。 2.我私下里已经花了一大笔钱来学习音乐了。 3.他的脸上挂满了汗珠。 4.没有哪个宣布判决的法官会比此时的谢卡夫更痛苦、更无助。 5.说出事实和接受事实同样需要勇气。 Ⅲ. Summary https://www.doczj.com/doc/a39121141.html,plete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms. 1.sun, straight in the face, blinking, dazed 2.morning, night, tempering truth, shock 3.truth, trials, wife, colleague, headmaster 4.apple pie, culinary masterpiece, good, swallow 5.fine, mean, selfish 6.singing, stupefied 7.frogs, buffalo, window shutters 8.strength, give, receive PartⅡ Reading for Pleasure Exercises Ⅰ. Answer the following questions. (The answers are open.) 1.Hell is not so terrible as most people think because it can be transformed into Heaven through hard work, courage, faith and love. The real Hell is in one’s heart. 2.Heaven is a land of beauty and peace, and it is the result of our hard work. 3.All those hardworking people with courage and determination can rest in Heaven after they die, because although they cannot all reach Heaven in the first place, they can build Hell into Heaven. 4.Those who are afraid of Hell and do not have courage to fight difficulties and disasters will end up in Hell.
第1单元 ●Translation 1 Today you will emerge from the nurturing confines of academia to face the real world. 今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境,直面真实的世界。 2 Now that you’re leaving school, you can finally go about getting an education. 你们即将离开学校,终于可以开始接受教育了。 3 Try finding a conservative professor—it’s easier to spot a yeti. Challenge the orthodox views of political correctness and you’ll get labeled some pretty nasty things. 想找到一位保守的教授,那比要找到一个雪人还难。若想挑战一些有关政治正确性的正统观点,那你将污名缠身。 4 If you don’t believe me, try asking the people who went broke chasing the theory that dotcoms were a certain path to riches. Reality intervened. 如果你不相信我的话,那不妨去问一问那些因奉信网络公司是通往财富之路这 5 Welcome, then, to the unsentimental world we all live in. It’s not so bad once you’ve left your pipe dreams at the door. 因此,欢迎你来到我们生活的这个理性的世界。一旦你把那些白日梦拒之门外,你就会发现这个世界并不是太糟。 第2单元 ●Translation 1 Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one “falls into” if one is lucky? 爱是一种艺术吗?如果是,它就需要靠知识和努力来争取。或者爱是一种愉快的感受,能否体验到它是机率的问题,如果一个人运气好就能够“坠入爱河”? 2 Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of “being loved,”rather than that of “loving,”of one’s capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable.大多数人认为爱这个问题主要是被爱,而不是主动去爱,或者主动去爱的能力。因此,他们的问题便是如何被爱,怎样变得招人爱。 3 A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an “object,” not the problem of a “faculty.” 关于爱没有什么可学,这一想法背后的第二个前提是一个假设,此假设认为爱的问题是对象的
U1 1. disaster 2. compelled 3. historical 4. disciplined 5. destruction 6. output 7. retreat 8. abandoned 9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten 1. show signs of 2. called upon 3. off limits 4. in fear of 5. slow down 6. cut down 7. from head to foot 8. come by 9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside in IN CREASING YOUR WORD POWER smoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholic Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on Musicology: the study of the history and theory of music Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour Sociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour 1. collective individual 2. consistent contradictory 3. constructive destructive 4. irrational rational 5. modern primitive 6. natural synthetic 7. nearby distant 8. optimistic pessimistic 9. replaceable irreplaceable 10. small enormous GRAMMAR REVIEW 1. She wished us health and success in the new year. 2. He asked how we were getting along with our work. 3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved. 4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea. 5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them. 6. She said I needn't have done all
第一单元 U1 3/ 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。 城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。 白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐， 你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。 你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。 不要觉得这是针对你个人的， 这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。 汉译英： 1．她连水都不愿意一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是真话。 He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量的时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 英译汉： 1.I don?t think that he would commit robbery,much less would he commit violent robbery. 我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average,whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.
阅读教程第三册答案 Unit 1 I.Reading for information 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C II. Translation 1.今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境，直面真实的世界。 2.你们即将离开学校，终于可以开始接受教育了。 3.想找到一位保守的教授，那比要找到一个雪人还难。若想挑战一些有关政 治正确性的正统观点，那你将会被冠以一些难听的名号。 4.如果你不相信我的话，那不妨去问一问那些因追随网络公司是通往财富之 路这一理论而破产的人们。现实击碎了他们的梦想。 5.因此，欢迎你来到我们生活的这个理性的世界。一旦你把那些不切实际的 幻想拒之门外，你就会发现这个世界并不是太糟。 III．summary 1.emerge from, face the real world, go about https://www.doczj.com/doc/a39121141.html,mitment to, benefit from 3.the enjoyment of reading, was associated with 4.reality, theory, realist, in theory 5.wishful thinking, go for, wind up with, twist and turns Unit 2 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5 .B 6.D II. Translation 爱是再简单不过的事，这一观点至今仍然十分盛行，尽管大量事实都对此予以否定。几乎找不到任何一种活动、任何一项事业像爱情这样满怀希望地开始，又频繁地以失败而告终。如果换了别的事情，人们一定会急于知晓失败的原因，思量如何才能做得更好，或者干脆放弃。既然人们永远不可能放弃爱情，那么要战胜失败，似乎就只有一个办法可行，那就是探究失败的原因，进而领会爱的真义。 III. Summary 1.a matter of chance, learned about 2. is based on , primarily, how to be loved 3. assumption, the right object 4. leading to, initial excitement, permanent state 5. theoretical knowledge, the mastery of the art
Unit ONE Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1) spark 2) compelled 3) bare 4) scrape 5) destruction 6) output 7) retreat 8) tipped 9) miracle 10) eternal 11) pile 12) transfer 13) mass 14) thereby 15) have emerged 16) trigger 17) threaten 18) consumed 19) hollow 2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1) show signs of 2) cope with 3) lives in fear of 4) tough it out
新世纪大学英语阅读教程翻译 Unit 1 塞克哈尔觉得，事实就像太阳一样。大概没有谁能直视太阳而不眨眼，不觉眩晕。他发觉人际关系的精髓在于时时刻刻调和事实，避免冲突。他设定了一个特殊的日子——一年中至少有一天无论如何必须说实话。否则生命还有什么意义。他对这一天充满无数期待，也没有告诉任何人要做这个实验。这是个秘密的决定，一件永远不为人知的事。 首次尝试便从妻子准备的早餐开始。他对一道美味举筷不定，这可是妻子自认为的厨中之冠。“怎么啦？不好吃吗？”她问道。要是往常，为了照顾她的情绪，他肯定说：“没有，我吃饱了而已。”可今天他却说：“不好吃。我咽不下去。”看到妻子眉头紧锁，他对自己说：“没办法，事实就像太阳一样。” 第二次尝试是在教师休息室，一个同事走过来说：“某某死了听说了吗？觉得很遗憾吧。”“不觉得，”赛克哈尔回答。“他的确是个好人……”另一个还没说完。塞克哈尔就抢过来说：“好什么啊，对我他可是个刻薄、自私的家伙。” 塞克哈尔给三年级A班上最后一节地理课时，收到校长递来的便条：回家前请过来一趟。他自言自语道：“肯定是那些可怕的试卷。一百多份字迹潦草的男生的试卷；他已经消极怠工几个礼拜了，感觉头顶像是悬了一把利剑，随时都有刺下来的可能。” 下课铃响起，孩子们潮水般涌出教室。塞克哈尔在校长门口停了会儿，扣好上衣扣子；扣子也是校长经常训诫的目标。 他进了门，彬彬有礼地说了句：“晚上好，校长。” 校长抬起头看着他，十分友善地问道：“今晚有空吗？” 塞克哈尔回答：“答应过家里的孩子要出去……” “那，可以改天再带他们出去。现在跟我回家。” “噢……好的，校长，当然没问题……”然后怯生生地问：“有什么要紧事吗，校长？”“是的，”校长回答，像是在对自己笑……“你真的不知道我缺乏音乐天赋吗？” “噢，知道，校长……” “我一直在偷偷地学习和练习，今晚想让你听听我演唱。我约好了一个鼓手和一个小提琴手为我伴奏。这还是我的第一次正式演出，想听听你的建议。我知道你的建议弥足珍贵。”塞克哈尔的音乐品味无人不知。他是小镇里最令人生畏的音乐评论人。可他怎么也没想到，他的音乐爱好将它引入这层磨难……。“对你来说，有点突然是吧？”校长问。“我已经关上门花了不知道多少钱……”他们开始往校长家走。“上帝没能给我一个孩子，可至少没有剥夺音乐给我的慰藉，”他们边走校长边悲戚戚地说。他喋喋不休地说着音乐的事：如何完全因打发无聊起步；如何被音乐老师取笑，又被给予希望；他人生的雄心壮志又是如何在音乐的世界里达到忘我的境界。 一到家，校长就大献殷勤。他请塞克哈尔坐在红丝毯上，敬上几样碟中美味，在旁边忙来忙去像是招待上门女婿。他甚至说：“你务必完全放松去听。别为那些试卷烦心。”然后不无幽默的加了一句：“我会给你一周的时间。” “十天怎么样，校长？”塞克哈尔请求。 “好，同意，”校长慷慨地说。塞克哈尔彻底松了口气——他可以一天干掉十份，彻底除掉这件烦心事。 校长点上熏香。“营造点气氛。”他解释说。鼓手和小提琴手已经到位，坐在缅甸仰光进口的小毯子上等他。校长在两人中间坐下来，像音乐会专业演出一般，清清喉咙，起了调子又停下来问：“可以吗，卡亚尼？（塞克哈尔的姓）”塞克哈尔假装没听到校长叫他。校长继
新视野大学英语读写教程第三册答案(全)
U n i t 1 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell … on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V G O D I K L B F A N VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned( 装空调的；有冷气的 ) 2 handmade （手工制作的） 3 thunderstruck （非 常吃惊的） 4 heartfelt （衷心的；诚挚的） 5 data-based （基于数据的）6 self-employe d （自主经营的） 7 custom-built （定制的；定做的） 8 weather-beaten （饱经风霜的） VIII 1. well-informed （对…… 非常熟悉的） 2 new-found （新获得的） 3 hard-earned （辛苦挣得 的） 4 soft-spoken （说话温柔的） 5 newly-married （新婚的） 6 widely-held （普遍认为的） 7 well-meant （出于好意的） 8 well-educated （受过良好教育的） IX 1 no matter how different it may seem form any other substance 2 no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation 3 no matter what excuse he gives 4 no matter what anyone else may think 5 no matter how they rewrite history X 1 just as we gained fame in victory, we lost nothing in defeat 2 just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school, Jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom. 3 whoever was out there obviously couldn ’t see him just as he couldn ’t see them. 4 she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as I have been searching for the perfect beer. 5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago. XI 1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.