非谓语动词作定语语法讲义
一．如何判断非谓语动词作得就是定语:
1、瞧横线所在得位置
具体方法如下:
如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后,则作得就是定语。
如:
The meeting________ yesterday was very important、
The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century、
2、翻译:翻译时先把句子得主干部分找出来,然后瞧剩下得部分就是不就是放在了名词之后,并且能够放在名词之前加“得”翻译,如果就是,则作得就是定语。
如:
The meeting________ yesterday was very important、
The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century、
二．作定语时得逻辑主语:
作定语时,逻辑主语就就是所修饰得名词。
如:The meeting held yesterday was very important、
三．如何确定用什么样得非谓语动词作定语:
1.与逻辑主语之间得主被动关系
2、时间关系:将要发生、正在发生、已经完成
如:
1)The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______、
A、to spend
B、spent
C、being spent
D、spending
2)The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert、
A、covering
B、covered
C、cover
D、to cover
3)— The last one __________________ pays the meal、
— Agreed! (2007全国卷I)
A、arrived
B、arrives
C、to arrive
D、arriving
四.作定语得具体用法:
1、能作定语得不定式与分词有:to do, to be done, doing, being done, done(务必牢记)、
注:having done 绝对不能作定语。
原因:当作定语得非谓语动词得动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时,此时不能用非谓语动词作定语,即不能用having done作定语,必须用定语从句作定语。
如:
The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home、(这句话中得having waited,作得不就是定语,而就是状语)
The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home
五．作定语得非谓语动词与所修饰得名词之间得关系:
to do:只表示动作还没发生,不强调与逻辑主语得主被动关系。
如: I have a lot of things to do、
The years to follow will be very hard、
to be done: 与逻辑主语既就是被动得,又表示动作还没发生。
如:The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important、
doing (及物动词):与逻辑主语就是主动关系
如:He received a letter saying his mother would e to see him soon、
being done(及物动词):与逻辑主语既就是被动得,又表示动作正在进行
如:The meeting being held now is very important、
done(及物动词):与逻辑主语既就是被动得,又表示动作已经完成。
注:Things lost will never e again、
We finished the work in less than half the time allowed、
注:不及物动词得现在分词作定语:表示动作正在进行;过去分词作定语:只表示动作得完成,不表被动。
如:the developing countries:发展中国家
the developed countries:发达国家
六．不定式作定语得几种情况及注意事项
a)当被修饰得名词之前有序数词或形容词最高级并且与所修饰得名词就是主
动关系时,要用不定式作定语。
如:He is the best person to do the job、
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games、
b)当被修饰得名词就是抽象名词时,要用不定式作定语。
如:Do you have the ability to write in English、
c)作定语得不定式如果就是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰得名词就是不定式
动作得地点、工具等,不定式之后必须有相应得介词。但就是如果不定式所
修饰得名词就是time, place 或way 时,不定式之后得介词习惯上可以省略。
如:I need a room to live in、
I need a pen to write with、
I had money and no place to live( in)、
d)当作定语得不定式与所修饰得名词就是被动关系时,不定式既可用主动形式,
也可以用被动形式,但表达得含义不同。试比较:
I have a lot of things to do、我有很多事情要做。(我就就是to do动作得发出
者)
I have a lot of things to be done、我有很多事情要做。(被别人做,别人就是to
be done动作得发出者)
七.非谓语动词作定语得一些用法比较:
1、to be done, being done, done 作定语得区别
相同点:与所修饰得名词都就是被动关系
不同点:在时间上
、to be done:动作未发生
being done: 动作正在进行
done:动作已完成
如:The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important
The meeting being held now is very important
The meeting held yesterday was very important、
2、have something to do 与have something to be done 得区别
have something to do:主语有事自己做
have something to be done:主语有事让别人做
如:I have a lot of things to do、我有很多事情要做。(我就就是to do动作得发出者)
I have a lot of things to be done、我有很多事情要做。(被别人做,别人就是to
be done动作得发出者)
非谓语动词作定语高考题专练
1、The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China、
A、paying
B、paid
C、to be paid
D、being paid
2、I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year、
A、follows
B、followed
C、to follow
D、being followed
3、There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games、
A、add
B、to add
C、adding
D、added
4、There are hundreds of visitors _______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings、
A、waited
B、to wait
C、waiting
D、wait
5、I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________ Chinese in the school, most ________ were from Germany、
A、study; of whom
B、study; of them
C、studying; of them
D、studying; of whom
6、The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2008、
A、hold
B、holding
C、held
D、to be held
7、Mr、Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____、
A、blamed
B、blaming
C、to blame
D、to be blamed
8、Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection、
A、being given
B、is given
C、given
D、was given
9、At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom、(2007全国卷II)
A、opened and closed
B、to be opened and closed
C、being opened and closed
D、to open and close
10、The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguish ed building at that time、(2007上海卷)
A、to be pleted
B、having been pleted
C、pleted
D、being pleted
11、“Things _________ never e again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself、(2007湖南卷)
A、lost
B、losing
C、to lose
D、have lost
12、Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
A、seat
B、sit
C、seated
D、sat
13、The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road、
A、being blown down
B、blown down
C、blowing down
D、to blow down
14、We finished the run in less than half the time ____、
A、allowing
B、to allow
C、allowed
D、allows
15、It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year、
A、finding
B、being found
C、to find
D、found
16、Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests、
A、locating
B、being located
C、having been located
D、located
17、T he play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture、
A、produced
B、being produced
C、to be produced
D、having been produced
18、For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm、
A、grown
B、being grown
C、to be grown
D、to grow
19、The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the
education of their children、
A、forced
B、forcing
C、to be forced
D、having forced
20、Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with th e decisions ?
A、taking
B、take
C、taken
D、to take
21、We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday、
A、to be held
B、held
C、being held
D、holding
22、With the government’s aid, thos e ______ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements、
A、affect
B、affecting
C、affected
D、were affected
23、There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the
brain、
A、indicate
B、indicating
C、to indicate
D、to be indicating
24、With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day、
A、deal
B、dealt
C、to deal
D、dealing
25、Mrs、White showed her student some old maps _________from the library、
A、to borrow
B、to be borrowed
C、borrowed
D、borrowing
26、I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily、
A、advertised
B、to be advertise d
C、advertising
D、having advertised
27、So far nobody has claimed the money ___________________in the library、
A、discovered
B、to be discovered
C、discovering
D、having discovered
28、I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term、
A、pleting
B、to plete
C、pleted
D、being pleted
29、His first book next month is based on a true story、
A、published
B、to be published
C、to publish
D、being published
30、A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano、
A、to question
B、to be questioned
C、questioned
D、questioning
31、Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library、
A、repaired
B、being repaired
C、repairing
D、to be repaired
32、The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _______ less than 40 pounds must
be in a child safety seat、
A、being weighed
B、to weigh
C、weighed
D、weighing
33、Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms、
A、reducing
B、to reduce
C、reduced
D、reduce
34、On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr、Gordon immediately rushed home from his office、
A、says
B、said
C、saying
D、to say
35、The island, ______to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to、
A、joining
B、to join
C、joined
D、having joined
36、Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens、
A.pared
B.paring
C.pares
D.being pared
37、The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house、
A、rose
B、rising
C、to rise
D、risen
38、The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself
A expressing
B expressed
C to express
D to cover
39、The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game 、
A selecting
B to selected
C selected
D having selected
40、Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path _____up to the house、
A、leading
B、leads
C、led
D、to lead
41、Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures、
A、found
B、founding
C、founded
D、to be founded
42、We’re having a meeting in half an h our、The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our pany、
A、to be made
B、being made
C、made
D、having been made
43、After pleting and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____、
A、providing
B、provided
C、having provided
D、provide
44、The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes、
A、starting
B、being starting
C、to start
D、to be started
45、John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it、
A、offered
B、offering
C、to offer
D、to be offered
答案:
1-5BCDCD 6-10CCCCC 11-15ACBCD 16-20DCABC 21-25ACBCC 26-30 AABBC 31-35DDBCC 36-40BBCCA 41-45CABAB
非谓语动词作补语
一:补语得种类(两种):
1、宾语补足语
2、主语补足语
二.如何判断非谓语动词作得就是补语:
1、宾语补足语
A、如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。
如:I hear him _____ in the next room、
注:能跟宾语+宾语补足语得动词常见得有以下三类:
1.感官动词:see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to
2.使役动词:have, let, make, get
3.其她动词:find, keep, want, leave(使。。。处于某种状态),catch
如:
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____、
A、washed
B、wash
C、washing
D、to wash、
I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast、
A、to wind
B、wind
C、winding
D、wound
注:下列动词或动词短语之后也用不定式作宾补(在主动句中);在被动句中,用不定式作主语补足语。
allow, permit, forbid, persuade, require, remind, invite, wish, warn, encourage, call on 等。
注:特别关注allow 与permit 得用法
Allow/permit doing
Allow/permit sb to do
Sb be allowed/permitted to do
如:We don’t allow smoking here、
We don’t allow you to smoke here、
You are not allowed to smoke here、
此外hope, suggest 之后不能用不定式做宾补
hope sb to do ×
suggest sb to do×
B、如果横线放在with +名词或代词之后。
如:
The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____、
A、to follow
B、following
C、followed
D、follows
2、主语补足语
下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们就是:sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought_________、
如:
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race、(2007辽宁卷)
A、breaking
B、having broken
C、to have broken
D、to break
三.作补语时得逻辑主语:
1、宾语补足语
作宾语补足语时,逻辑主语就就是其之前得名词或代词。
如:I hear him singing in the next room
2、主语补足语
作主语补足语时,逻辑主语就就是句子得主语。
如:He was said to have been to America before、
四.如何确定用什么样得非谓语动词作补语:
1.与逻辑主语之间得主被动关系2、时间关系:将要发生、正在发生、已经完成
五、非谓语动词作补语得具体用法:
1、宾语补足语
1)、感官动词see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to之后得宾补有四种形式:do, doing, being done, done ,以see 为例:
See +sb/sth do 瞧见某人做了某事(主动,完成)
See+sb/sth doing瞧见某人正在做某事(主动,正在进行)
See+sb/sth being done瞧见某人或某事正在被做(被动,正在进行)
See+sb/sth done(及物动词)瞧见某人或某物被。。(只表示被动)
See+sb/sth done(不及物动词)瞧见某人或某物。。。了。(只表示完成,不表示被动) 注:如果see +sb/sth do变成被动语态,do 之前要加to ,其她感官动词也如此。
如:I heard her sing an English song just now、
She was heard to sing an English song just now、
I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room、
I heard an English song being sung when I passed her room、
I’d like to see the plan carried out、
I looked down at my table and saw my wallet gone、
2)、使役动词let之后得宾补有两种形式:do, be done
如:He let me open the door、
Let the work be done immediately、
使役动词make之后得宾补有两种形式:do, done
如: He made me open the door、
He had to raise his voice to make himself heard、
使役动词have, get之后得宾补有三种形式:do(to do), doing, done,这里得have, get都表示“使,让”,具体用法:
3)have 得用法
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing 让某人一直做某事、使某物一直处于某种状态。
have sth done:请某人做某事;表示主语得遭遇
如:He had me open the door、
Don’t have your children studying all the time、
Don’t have the lights going all the time、
I’ll have my bike repaired tomorrow、
Tom had his leg broken while playing football、
4)get得用法
Get sb to do让某人做某事(注意与have 得区别)
Get sb/sth doing使某人或某物开始。。。
Get sth done使某事被做。
如:He got me to open the door、
He tried to get his car moving、
He had to get all the things done before tomorrow、
5)find 之后得宾补
Find sb doing 发现某人正在做某事
Find sth done 发现某物被。。。
注:find 之后不能用动词原形做宾补。
6)leave之后得宾补
Leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
Leave sth doing让某物一直处于某种状态
Leave sth undone 留下某事未做
如:
The teacher left the student standing there all the time、
Don’t leave the water running、
He left in a hurry, leaving the breakfast untouched、
7)catch 之后得宾补
Catch sb doing 当场发现某人正在做某事。
如:
I caught him reading my private letters、
8)with 得复合结构中得宾补
with得复合结构
构成:with +宾语+宾补
作用:作状语或定语
翻译:做状语时with 翻译成“由于”,作定语时with 翻译成“有”。
考点:考查宾语补足语得选择。它得宾补通常由:to do, doing, being done, done 构成,她们表示得含义分别就是:
to do :要做(不强调主被动)
doing: 与宾语之间就是主动关系。
being done: 被动与正在进行
done:被动与完成
如:With a lot of things to do, I am very busy、
With the teacher helping me, I finally succeeded、
With the problem being discussed, we must keep it a secret、
With everything done, he felt relaxed、
2.主语补足语
下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们就是:sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought +to do/to be doing/to have done/to
have been dong ,她们表示得含义分别就是:
to do 要做
to be doing正在做
to have done已经做了
to have been doing一直在做
如: He is said to study in Canada、
He is said to be studying in Canada、
He is said to have studied in Canada、
He is said to have been studying in Canada、
非谓语动词作补语高考题专练
1、I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________、
A、going on
B、goes on
C、went on
D、to go on
2、—Is Bob still performing?
—I'm afraid not、He is said________ the stage already as he has bee an official
A、to have left
B、to leave
C、to have been left
D、to be left
3、You should understand the traffic rule by now、You've had it_______ often enough、
A、explaining
B、to explain
C、explain
D、explained
4、I really can't understand ______ her like that、
A、you treat
B、you to treat
C、why treat
D、you treating
5、In the dream Peter saw himself ________by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start、
A、chased
B、to be chased
C、be chased
D、having been chased
6、A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ___、
A、unsatisfied
B、unsatisfying
C、to be unsatisfying
D、being unsatisfied
7、AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years、
A、that it is
B、to be
C、that it has been
D、to have been
8、Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday、
A、have been missing
B、have got lost
C、be missing
D、get lost
9、I smell something __________ in the kitchen、Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国卷
I)
A、burning
B、burnt
C、being burnt
D、to be burnt
10、After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him、(2007上海卷)
A、calling
B、called
C、being called
D、to call
11、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it、(2007安徽卷)
A、finished
B、finishing
C、having finished
D、was finished
12、— Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
— Just a minute、I’ll have Bob ____you to your room、(2007北京卷)
A、show
B、shows
C、to show
D、showing
13、Jenny hopes that Mr、Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______
in a short period、(2007福建卷)
A、improved
B、improving
C、to improve
D、improve
14、— e on, please give me some ideas about the project、
— Sorry、With so much work my mind, I almost break down、(2007福建卷)
A、filled
B、filling
C、to fill
D、being filled
15、— Can I smoke here?
— Sorry、We don’t allow ______ here、(2007江苏卷)
A、people smoking
B、people smoke
C、to smoke
D、smoking
16、My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve、(2007江苏卷)
A、feeling well
B、feeling good
C、feel well
D、feel good
17、He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures、
(2007江苏卷)
A、interested
B、interesting
C、interest
D、to interest
18、She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular、(2007上海春)
A、display
B、to display
C、displaying
D、displayed
19、The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record
in the 110-meter hurdle race、(2007辽宁卷)
A、breaking
B、having broken
C、to have broken
D、break
20、To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can、
A、speak、
B、speaking
C、spoken
D、to speak
21、My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it、
A、having tried
B、trying
C、to try
D、tried
22、They use puters to keep the traffic ______ smoothly、
A、being run
B、run
C、to run
D、running
23、Listen! Do you hear someone __________for help?
A、calling
B、call
C、to call
D、called
24、Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles 、
A、to recognize
B、recognizing
C、recognize
D、recognized
25、The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked、
A、laid
B、laying
C、to lay
D、being laid
26、Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues_______ with her stories、
A、amused
B、amusing
C、to amuse
D、to be amused
27、Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane、
A、to carry
B、carrying
C、to be carried
D、being carried
28、Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left、
A、check
B、checking
C、to check
D、checked
29、、Even the best writers find themselves _______for words、
A、lose
B、lost
C、to lose
D、having lost
30、Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams、
A、reminding
B、to remind
C、reminded
D、remind
31、The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____、
A、to follow
B、following
C、followed
D、follows
32、I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast、
A、to wind
B、wind
C、winding
D、wound
33、Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____、
A、washed
B、wash
C、washing
D、to wash
34、With the couple in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time、
A.work
B.to work
C.working
D.worked
35、With so many things ______, I have to work late into the night.
A.to deal with
B.dealt with
C.dealing with
D.being dealt with
答案:
1-5AADBA 6-10ADAAA 11-15AAABD 16-20DADCC 21-25BDADA 26-30AADBC 31-35BCACA
二、非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式； doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool. 2、作现在分词讲时，所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓（主动）关系，有时还表进行。如； falling leaves, the rising sun, boiling water, a developing country, the boy standing on the ground, the man introducing modern technology into China. done(过去分词)表示被动（与所修饰的词是动宾关系）或完成。如；fallen leaves, the risen sun, boiled water, a developed country, the players selected from the whole country. being done 现在分词的被动结构，表是正在被……只做后置定语，即放在所修饰名词之后。如；the bridge being built, the meeting being held. to do （to be done）动词不定式做定语常表示将来，有主动与被动两种形式。 1、所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系（也可以说动词不定式与所修饰的词 是一种动宾关系，即所修饰的词是不定式动作的对象，）这时注意选择是用to do ,还是to be done. 1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term. 2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓（主动）关系，这些词前面常常有 the first ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修饰。 1、the next train to arrive is from Washington. 2、The last one to arrive pays the meal. 3、与所修饰的词一种同位关系，这些词通常是ability, way, chance, right, reason, need, wish等。 1、The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2、That’s the way to do it. 注意：1、非谓语动词做定语的时，有时可以与定语从句进行转换。
高考英语之非谓语动词作定语 ——定语定义：修饰、限定名词或代词特征和品质的词，词组和句子。分为前置定语和后置定语。 例如： 常见定语形式： ——前置定语 a good girl 一个好女孩，（形容词作定语） women teachers 女教师，（名词作定语） a waiting room 候车室（动名词作定语） the interesting book, 那本有趣的书，（现在分词作定语） fallen leaves 落叶（过去分词作定语） ——后置定语 the boy with short hair, 留短发的那个男孩，（介词短语作定语） weekends available, 空闲的周末（形容词作定语） the man mending a car,修汽车的那个男人，（现在分词作定语） the bike fixed by workers, 工人修好的那辆自行车（过去分词作定语） the train to arrive soon.即将到达的火车（to do 作定语） a bottle full of water 装满水的瓶子（形容词短语作定语） something new 新的东西(形容词作定语) （一）非谓语动词作名词或代词前置定语： 1.doing 作前置定语： （1）当doing 为动名词时，相当于名词使用。表所修饰词的用途。 例如：a swimming pool 游泳池 a walking player 随身听 a waiting room 候车室 （2）当doing为现在分词时，相当于形容词使用。与所修饰词之间为主动关系，也可表进行。
例如： ——falling leaves 落叶 解析：表leaves 与falling之间为主动关系，fall这个动作正在进行中。 ——she is an interesting girl. 她是一个有趣的女孩。 解析：interesting修饰girl, 表girl 的特征和品质。指这个女孩令别人觉得有趣。——The dying man has many encouraging books. 那个奄奄一息的人有很多鼓励人的书。 解析：dying 修饰man, 表主动、进行。encouraging 修饰books，表其特征和品质。 2. done 作前置定语：done 为过去分词，相当于形容词使用。与所修饰词之间为被动关系，也可表完成。 例如： ——fallen leaves 落叶解析：表leaves 处于fallen 状态，即表完成。——There are many finished houses last year in the city. 在这个城市里，有很多去年竣工的房子。 解析：houses 与finished 之间为被动关系，也表完成。 ——The girl is sitting there with surprised facial expressions. 那个女孩在坐在那，带着惊讶的表情。 解析：surprised 修饰facial expressions, 表the girl 具有惊讶的感受，不表示她的表情令别人惊讶。 （二）非谓语动词作名词或代词后置定语。 1. doing 作后置定语：表主动，进行。 ——The girl standing under the tree is called Lucy. 正站在树下的那个女孩叫Lucy. 解析：girl 与standing之间为主动关系，表在发生或持续动作。 ——There are some reasons referring to environment pollution. 有几个涉及到环境污染的原因。 解析：referring 作reasons 后置定语，表主动。 ——People can’t forget the person hurting them badly.
非谓语动词作定语语法讲义 一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语： 1.看横线所在的位置 具体方法如下： 如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。 如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。 如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 二．作定语时的逻辑主语： 作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。 如：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语： 1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成 如： 1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal. — Agreed! (2007全国卷I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 四．作定语的具体用法： 1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done （务必牢记）. 注：having done 绝对不能作定语。 原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。如： The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语) The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home 五．作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：
非谓语动词作定语练习题 一、语法填空 1、The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ___________（range）from butterflies to elephants. 2、To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study ___________ （conduct）in Australia in 2012. 3、In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message__________(hide) within the work. 4、The park was full of people ____________（enjoy）themselves in the sunshine. 5、Today there are more airplanes______________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 6、Last night, there were millions of people _____________(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 二、单选 1. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ____first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 2. I'm calling to enquire about the position ______ in yesterday's China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 3. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________. A. nothing to worry about B. nothing to worry C. nothing to be worried about D. nothing worrying about 4. His first book ______ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 5. The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 7. They built a house _____. A. of the things to put in B. of the things to be put in C. for the things to put in D. for the things to be put in 8. That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 9. There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
非谓语动词做定语 1.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 2.I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 3.After she completes the project, she’ll have ________. A. nothing to worry about B. nothing to worry C. nothing to be worried about D. nothing worrying about 4.His first book ______ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 5.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 7.They built a house _____. A. of the things to put in B. of the things to be put in C. for the things to put in D. for the things to be put in 8.That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 9.There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating 10.We are invited to a party ______in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 11.The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 12.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 13.With the world changing fast, we have something new ______with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing 14.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 15.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 16.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 17.The players ____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game . A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 18.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 19.Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon. A．said B．says C．saying D．to say 20.The island, ____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 21.The club, ______ 25ywears ago, is holding a party for and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded 22.The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started 23.Look over there —there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 24.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 25.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 26.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 27.W e’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 28.After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 29.Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 30.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered 31.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 32. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ ? A. taking B. take C. taken D .to take 33.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing 34. So far nobody has claimed the money ____ in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 35. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 36. Do you know the name of the play ______ in the hall now? A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on
一．非谓语动词 ※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别： 【知识点拨】 1．不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. ②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词. 例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) ③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things) 2．-ing分词作定语 ①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。 例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. ②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。 例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? 3．-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作, -ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。 例如：a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world. 【知识过关】 1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow? A. to be held B. being held C. will be held D. held ※、不定式作定语 不定式作定语一般有以下四种情形： ⑴用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 同时句子的主语也是不定式动作的执行者。这种情况下使用不定式的一般体：
非谓语动词在句中作定语 在英语句子中，不定式to do,分词v+ing和v+ed是非谓语动词，除不能作谓语外，其他成份都可担当，其中一个成份就是作定语。 不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾 关系，要是不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词。例： I have SOmething to say. (to Say SOmething ) I ' IgiVe you a magazine to read. That is a good company to work for. He is a PIeaSant fellow to work with. Would you bring me a bench to Sit on? 有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：Chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effo rt ,right (权禾U), movement等，例： You haven ' Stny reason to leave me. You have no right to do SUCh a thing. He SUCCeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal Weakness. He PUt himself out of the Way to help others. We have no time to lose.. Thank you for giving me the Chance to make the speech. The first ,the last ,the SeCOnd ,the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。例： He is always the first to come. She would be the last to agree to our plan. You are the SeCond to ask me that question. I ' ldo my poor best to fix it up. 当to go ,to SPare作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例： He had five minutes to go before time WaS up. They had only 100 dollars to spare.
2015年高考英语非谓语动词作定语练习 1.(2014大纲全国卷,23,1分)Today there are more airplanes______more people than ever before in the skies. A.carry B.carrying C.carried D.to be carrying 2.(2014重庆,5,1分)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras______to our shop for quality problems. A.returning B.returned C.to return D.to be returned 3.(2014浙江,14,0.5分)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse______to guard her. A.to appoint B.appointing C.appointed D.having appointed 4.(2014山东,6,1分)There’s a note pinned to the door______when the shop will open again. A.saying B.says C.said D.having said 5.(2014北京,28)There are still many problems______before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved 6.(2014北京,25)Last night,there were millions of people______the opening ceremony live on TV. A.watch B.to watch C.watched D.watching 7.（2014天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考一，10）The government will take some effective measures to control the heavy smog_________ the northern China. A. blankets B. to be blanketed C. blanketing D. blanketed 8.（2014重庆市名校联盟高三下学期联合考试，10）“Genius” is a complicated conc ept, __________ many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved 9.（2014山东省济南市高三3月模拟，7）This project ________ to help landless people just didn’t work out as planned. A. designed B. having designed C. to be designed D. being designed 10.（2014福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测，31）The noise from the top floor，loud and constant，of the meeting-room_________ can be clearly heard in our classroom. A. to decorate B. having been decorated C. being decorated D. decorating 11.（2014福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测，26）Yongquan Temple，_________ from 908 and located in Gushan，Fuzhou，received crowds of people who came to welcome the Chinese New Year. A. dating B. to date C. dated D. having dated 12.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，30）The president is planning to increase the number of the students _________ to the university next year. A. to admit B. to be admitted C. admitting D. being admitted
非谓语动词作定语 1. (2012，山东)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ____________. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 2 (2012，江西) John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter __________ him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered 3. (2012，北京) Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds __________ away. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay 4. (2012,湖南) The lecture, __________ at 7:00pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started 5. (2012， 浙江)“It’s such a nice place.”Mother said as she sat at the table ___________ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 6. (2012，重庆) We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ___________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 7. (2012，上海)The club, ___________ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
非谓语动词做定语 动词不定式 动词不定式主动式被动式 一般式 进行式/ 完成式 完成进行式/ 1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面，表示要做的事（尚未发生） the next train to arrive 下班要到的火车 nothing to say 没要说的事情 2. 被修饰的名词与不定式之间可能存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑主语 the first guest to arrive at the party 第一个到达晚会的客人 the next person to speak at the meeting 下一个会上发言的人 被修饰的名词与不定式之间可能存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语 a meeting to attend 一个要参加的会议 somewhere to live 居住的地方 如果被修饰名词和不定式中的动词构成动宾关系，而动词为不及物动词，则该动词后要加上适当的介词 a room to live in 一个住的房间 a pen to write ________一支写字的笔 a piece of paper to write ______ 一张写字的纸 a stool to sit _____ 一把坐到小凳子 3. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：ability, attempt, effort等 his promise to come for a visit 他来访的诺言（ promise to do） his ability to get on with people他和人相处的能力（be able to do） 4. 很多特定的名词后也可用不定式做定语，这样的名词常用的有：way（方式，方法），time，reason，chance（机会），opportunity(机会)，need(必要)，wish（愿望），effort（努力），right （权利）。 no reason to doubt his word 没有理由怀疑他的话 an opportunity to go abroad to study further 一个到国外深造的机会 5. 不定式做定语除了原形to do外，还会下面的形式，即： 不定式的被动形式to be done，表示被修饰名词和动词不定式的动作存在被动关系 There are plans to be made at once.要立即制定计划。(表示计划被制定) He was the second man___________________________.他是第二个这样被杀害的人。(表示这个人被杀害) 不定式的完成时to have done 表示动词不定式的动作先于句子的谓语动词发生 There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me.没有必要给我买一双新鞋。 (to have bought意为“已买”说明买的动作比句子be 动词先发生). 区别：主动形式和被动形式使用情况 1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动，可以不区别，用主动更多。如：There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。 2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，用