高考英语阅读理解题特点及技巧
一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点
近几年的高考英语试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新，立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。现以近几年高考全国卷I为例，谈谈阅读理解题的选材及命题特点。
1.对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点
高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。
2.选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点
就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和应用体等多种文体；选材风格保静予连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
3.适当降低读速及难度要求，提高试题的信息含量，体现新课程的理念
近几年阅读理解题的阅读量总体呈回落趋势，比如，2006年全国卷I的读速略有降低，但近年来阅读速率要求均在50---57wpm之间；难度系数适当降低，注重考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力。
4.阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”，设问方式更加深入
阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、
插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。
二、阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析
正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：
(1) 选用原文中的词句；
(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构；
(3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；
(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；
(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、推理或演绎；
(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。
干扰项的设置通常有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴
命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
以2006年全国卷I第60题“The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City______.”为例。此题乍看C项“to pay at the cash register”和D项“to have more gas for his car”都对，因为原文中有这么一句“While I Was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas”。很明显作者是停下来付款加油时，偶遇一对老夫妇并问好，似乎选项C和D本身都没错，但题干问的是“作者计划在俄克拉荷马市逗留的原因”，如果考生没有理解题干，就会误选C项或D项。正确选项应为A项“to visit a friend”。
2. 偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
以2006年全国卷I第57题“It can be inferred that greyhounds_______. ”为例。此题乍看应选B项“like staying in bed all day”，因为原文中有这么一句“especially
they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside”. 殊不知选项中加了“all day”，使意思绝对化了。正确选项应为D项“need some exercise outdoors”。考生若注意不到此细节的变化，势必造成失分。
3. 无中生有
干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
以2006年全国卷Ⅰ第67题“We may infer from the last two paragraphs that______. ”为例。干扰项C项“English courses are necessary for foreign students”就是这种情况，而正确答案应为A项“different teaching methods should be used”。解答这类考题时考生还应注意问题中有无“In the author’s opinion”或“According to the passage”之类的限定语。
4. 以偏概全
考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。
不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。
例如，2006年北京卷第73题“What did Loftus find out from her research?”的正确答案为B项“People Can be led to believe in something false.”。而误选C项“People tend to forget their childhood experiences. ”的考生显然是根据文中“it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences… The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through leading questions”的信息得出的，但它只不过是表层信息，其对原文信息的转述并不全面。
不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
例如，2006年全国卷I第69题“What is the text mainly about______.”的正确答案为D项“Life after retirement”。干扰项A项“Learning to paint in later life”与C项“An artist turned teacher”极具迷惑性，但它们只是文章中的某个细节信息。考生如果不清楚细节信息与短文主题之间的关系，就容易犯概括不准确的错误。
三、阅读理解题的解题思路与技巧
解答阅读理解题的总体思路是：单句人手。语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读顺序(P＝Passage，Q＝Question)：
(1) P—Q—P：即先看文章，后看问题，再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢，因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。
(2) Q—P—Q：即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题。其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。
P—Q—P方式或Q—P—Q方式的采用因人而异，无优劣之分。当然，题型不同，解题的方法也应有所不同。
常用的解题技巧有以下几种：
1. 正选法与排除法
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：
(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。
(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。
(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”选项也可以排除。
只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。请看2006年广东卷第64题：
Which of the following is true about the working class?
A. They are often employed as skilled and semi-skilled workers.
B. They are often offered jobs with high incomes.
C. They are often considered lazy and dishonest.
D. They are often exploited by the public.
此题为事实细节题，可以采用排除法。由文章第一段第一、二句“Members of the working class have blue-collar jobs. They are construction workers, truck drivers, mechanics, steel workers, electricians, and the like.”可知，蓝领阶层的薪水不高这个事实，据此先排除B项；由第一段最后一句“They consider themselves to be respectable and hard working and they look down upon members of the ‘lower’ class, whom they often consider to be lazy, dishonest, and too ready to exploit public assistance.”可知，蓝领阶层是受人尊敬的、勤劳的群体，他们看不起那些懒惰、欺诈别人、依靠别人捐款生活的阶层，故排除C、D两项，正确答案为A项。
2. 定位法与跳读法
定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。
请看2006年湖南卷第71题：
…When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means Sontag _____________.
A. was a symbol of American cultural life
B. developed world literature，film and art
C. published many essays about world culture
D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture
解答本题可以用定位法。与题干意思相近的句子是上一句“she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life，trying hard to follow every new development in literature,
film and art”。许多考生误选了A项，他们忽略了原文中出现的“appeared as”，意为“似乎，好像”，增加了句意的不确定性。故D项为最佳答案。
3. 画图与列表法
画图法就是以时间、地点、事件或因果等为线索，找出关键词语，勾画出一幅完整、清晰的关于文章主题和细节的图示的方法。请看2006年浙江卷第48题：
How is the text organized?
A. In order of time.
B. In order of frequency.
C. In order of preference.
D. In order of importance.
在解答此题时考生只要列一个表 (见下表)，按短文叙事的顺序展开故事发展的过程，正确答案就会一目了然。
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4
look into the mirror have breakfast prepare children’s trip to space drive the car to work
另外，有些文章的信息点可能较为分散，涉及的内容比较多，此时考生若能恰当运用列表的方法也会将难题化解。
请看2006年安徽卷第61题：
What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both________.
A. popular all their fives
B. famous actresses
C. successful when very young
D. rich and kind-hearted
根据文章内容，考生可以列出以下四个相同的信息点(见下表)：
Information 1 When she started in National Velvet--the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous home race. (短文首句)
Information 2 Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress. (第一段末句)
Information 3 After her success as a child star, Taylor had no trouble moving into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress. (第二段)
Information 4 Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky: she has beauty, fame and wealth. (末段第二句)
Conclusion They were both successful when very young.
通过此表，考生可以清楚地得出本题的答案为C项。
4. 概括法与推理法
概括法指根据所读材料概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等；而推理法则指根据所读材料的字面意思，通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。考生在运用推理法时首先要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索；然后再对文字的表面信息进行挖掘和加工，由表及里，由浅人深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合和判断等思维活动对文章进行深层处理以及合乎逻辑的推理。此时切忌就事论事、以偏概全，也不能主观臆想、随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
请看2006年浙江卷第55题：
According to White, why were the women surveyed more likely to use old computers?
A. Most office workers use old computers.
B. They do some of their work with computers.
C. Dealing with new equipment can cause anxiety.
D. They are easier to be satisfied with new technology.
文章最后两段提到，接受调查的三个国家的妇女更有可能使用旧电脑，而英国比法国和德国使用up—to-date computers的人更多，最后一段分析了其中的原因“continually having to deal with new technology can also be a source of worry…the frequent change of equipment is also, or could be，a main cause of dissatisfaction”。由此可以推断，不断更新的技术也会使人产生焦虑，导致负面情绪的产生，所以被调查的妇女更喜欢使用旧电脑。
5. 常识法与背景法
常识法是考生利用已有的常识进行识别和判断的方法。背景法与常识法相似，指考生充分运用所读材料的信息答题。请看2006年安徽卷第69题：
To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is all example of_____.
A. separating the fire
B. reducing the heat
C. removing the fuel
D. cutting off the oxygen
本题为一道常识题，考生根据自己学过的化学知识可知，燃烧要具备三要素：可燃物、氧气和温度，这有助于理解第二段首句“Since fuel, oxygen and heat must be present in
order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire”的意思；另外，通过第三段内容“Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things.”可以推断出：用cover的方法来灭火属于cutting off the oxygen的范畴。
四、备考建议
1.理解与速度
考生要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳，不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性；不要拘泥于一词一句的理解；不要遇到不懂的地方就反复读，影响阅读速度。比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号，继续看下去，因为一些疑难点往往会在下文中得到解决。
关于阅读速度，难度中等的文章应为每分钟60个单词左右；难度较低、生词不超过总词汇量20％的材料，阅读速度应为每分钟70个单词左右。一般来说，“超纲”而又影响阅读理解的词汇都会用中文标出词义。只有保证了阅读的速度才有可能在规定时间内完成阅读、复读及答题的任务。
2.阅读训练方式
在训练方式方面要力求多样化。常见的阅读训练方式有：掠读、寻读、精读和泛读等。在掠读、寻读时要掌握查阅的技巧。查阅时考生应迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置，并以这个位置为中心，扩展到上文和下文，寻求正确答案。考生要学会用扫视的方法寻找信息。扫视时，眼睛要纵向而不是横向移动。运用扫视来扩大视觉范围能帮助考生又快又准确地捕捉到想要查找的信息。
考生应根据阅读目的选择阅读方式，调整阅读速度，合理分配阅读时间。
3.生词处理
考生在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时，考生可以通过上下文猜测词义。具体方法如下：
(1) 根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。例如：
The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.
根据句子后部分began to read可以猜出spectacle的意思为‘“眼镜”。
(2)根据语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。例如：
They will be on the night shift---from midnight to 6 a. m. ---next week.
此句两个破折号之间的部分表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
(3) 根据说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。例如：
The type of meter is called multi-meter, which is used to measure electricity.
从上句中的定语从句可以推断出multi-meter是“万能表”的意思。
(4) 根据已知事实细节来猜测生词。例如：
The family had just moved and the young woman was feeling a little melancholy on that Sunday in May. After all, it was Mother’s day and 800 miles separated her from her parents in another state far away.
根据上下文的陈述，“刚刚搬家，远离父母，正好是星期天，又是母亲节，而两代人却天各一方”等事实，可以推断出年轻妻子当时忧郁、伤感的心情，并由此猜测出生词melancholy的意思。
(5) 学会只猜测生词的大概意思，而不必追求其准确含义。例如：
The Asian gibbon, like other apes, is especially adapted for life in trees.
在这句话中，考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes (类人猿) 的一种就行了，毋须知道其准确意思。
(6) 运用构词法判断生词的词义，也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的
词缀(包括前缀和后缀)和词根就能猜测生词的含义。例如，单词telescope由前缀tele (意思是far)和scope (意思是instrument for seeing or observing)构成，整个单词的意思是“望远镜”。为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词，考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。
4. 利用信号词进行预测和推测
在阅读过程中，为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义，利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系(见下表)。特别是在快速阅读时，它能帮助考生预测文章信息，提高阅读速度。
部分信号词及其所预示的信息
信号词预示的信息
however, on the contrary, although等信号词引出的内容是与上文相反的论述，或作者不同的观点
similarly, equally, also, besides, furthermore, in other words等下文与前面所讲内容相同或相似
for example, for instance等具体例证，说明上文中的论点
for one thing, on the other hand等下文还有另外一方面
in a word, in short等后面的句子是对上文的总结
actually, in fact, the point is …, a study survey found/ showed/proved that …等后面的句子往往是作者想要表达和强调的内容或观点
此外，在利用信号词进行预测时，考生还需注意以下三点：
(1) 遇到预示前后内容相同或相近，或者补充说明的信号词时，可以适当加快阅读速度，或借此推测生词的词义。
(2) 文中出现的频率较高的实词可以帮助考生确定文章的主旨大意。
(3) 出现代词I, we, my, our, 转折词but, however, yet，情态动词must, should, ought to, 连词although, though。其后所述内容与刚提到的内容相反，或暗示作者的观点和态度等信号词时，要放慢阅读速度，因为其附近的信息往往是命题和答题的主要线索或依据。
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists. （1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time. C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it. （2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet. C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂. D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂. （3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures.
（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文
高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。
（英语）高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. （1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents . A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities （3）From the passage, we can infer . A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China （4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform? A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C
英语阅读理解技巧 阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点。 一．阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节； 4．根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解文段的文化信息； 9．理解图表信息； 10．理解指代关系。 从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1．What is the purpose of the text? 2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3．What can we infer from the passage? 4．What can be inferred from the passage? 5．It can be concluded from the text that ? 6．What can we learn from the text? 7．What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, "X X X" can be replaced by?
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧大全 一、四选一型阅读 高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。 1、细节题解题技巧 细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后实行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出准确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节实行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是使用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项实行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。 现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧： （1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就能够在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2020，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2020年高考英语北京A篇） What happened to the author in 2020？ A. She flew an airplane
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.