第二学期《宇宙新概念》试题
一．名词解释：每题5分，共20分。
1. 春分
太阳在天球上从南向北移动，运行到天球赤道和黄道的交点，此时称为春分，是北半球春天的中点（分者半也，这一天为春季的一半，故叫春分）。春分约发生在 3月20日或者3月21日，这一天时昼夜等长，故称为“分”。简单的说；春分点与秋分点就是太阳直射地球赤道的那一刻。
2. 暗能量
宇宙学中，暗能量[3]是某些人的猜想，指一种充溢空间的、具有负压强的能量。
在物理宇宙学中，暗能量是一种充溢空间的、增加宇宙膨胀速度的难以察觉的能量形式。暗能量假说是当今对宇宙加速膨胀的观测结果的解释中最为流行的一种[1]。在宇宙标准模型中，暗能量占据宇宙68.3%的质能。
3. 视星等
视星等，是指观测者用肉眼所看到的星体亮度。视星等的大小可以取负数，数值越小亮度越高，反之越暗。
晴朗的夜晚，点点繁星，有明有暗。天文学家用“视星等”来区分它们的明亮程度。整个天空肉眼能见到的大约有6000多颗恒星。将肉眼可见的星分为6等。肉眼刚能看到的定为6等星，比6等亮一些的为5等，依次类推，亮星为1等，更亮的为0等以至负的星等。4. 类星体
类星体是类似恒星天体的简称，又称为似星体、魁霎或类星射电源，与脉冲星、微波背景辐射和星际有机分子一道并称为20世纪60年代天文学“四大发现”。
二．简述题：每题15分，共30分。
1. 二十世纪60年代天文学的四大发现？
星际分子、类星体、微波背景辐射和脉冲星
1、星际分子：20世纪30年代,首先发现了第一种星际分子,接着又发现了两种.1963年,美国科学家发现星际羟基分子（OH）,此后,陆续发现大量星际有机分子.到80年代末,已发现了80多种,而且许多都是很复杂的有机分子,少数分子是地球上很难找到的或者根本找不到的.星际分子的发现有助于人类对星云特性的深入了解,可以帮助揭开生命起源的奥秘.
2、类星体：第一颗类星体3C48是荷兰科学家施米时在1960年发现的.第二颗类星体3C273是在1963年发现的,这两个天体在外貌上看起来都像是颗恒星,从红移值比星系都大看来,它们根本不可能是恒星.这种类似恒星而又不是恒星的天体就被称为“类星体”.
除了类星和巨大红移之外,类星体的又一主要特征是发射出的能量特别大.从60年代初到80年代初,总共发现了1500颗类星体.1982年,中国天文工作者何香涛创造性地改进了认证类星体的方法,一下就发现了500颗新类星体.
3、1964年,美国贝尔电话实验室的彭齐亚斯和威尔逊为了检验一台巨型天线的低澡声性能,而把天线对准了没有明显天体的天区进行测量.他们发现,无论把天线指向何方,总能收到一定的噪声.后来发现噪声信号来自外部空间.科学家对这种微波辐射进行了比较分析.所谓辐射,就是电磁波,也就是光子气体.进一步的精确测量显示,这种辐射的温度相当于绝对温度3K的黑体辐射.由于这种辐射充满整个天球,形成了整个宇宙背景的辐射,所以称为3K宇宙微波背景辐射.它说明宇宙在200亿年前的大爆炸中,从高温致密态下脱胎出来.大爆炸的效应使得宇宙在不断膨胀,其密度不断变小,温度也逐渐下降.
4、1967年,当时只有24岁的英国剑桥大学女研究生贝尔,和导师休伊什在狐狸座内发现了第一颗脉冲星.
它是20世纪30年代就预言的中子星.所谓中子星,主要是由一种叫作中子的基本粒子组成超密恒星,它的直径只有10千米左右,自转特别快,周期性地发出脉冲.
除此之外,脉冲星还具有许多独特的性质：(1)自转特别快,已发现的脉冲星周期都在0.002-4.3秒间,而且非常稳定；(2)密度特别大,1立方厘米可达1亿吨以上；(3)温度特别高,表面温度可达1000万摄氏度,相当于太阳中心温度的
2/3,而其中心温度竟高达60亿摄氏度；(4)压力特别高,中心压力可达10000亿亿亿个大气压；(5)辐射特别强,是太阳的百万倍；(6)磁场特别强.到80年代末,已发现四五百颗脉冲星.
2. 恒星的赫罗图的内涵是什么
191l年在研究了银河系星团后他发表了昴星团和毕星团的颜色——星等图，即最早的赫罗图。l913年美国天文学家罗素也研究了恒星的光谱和光度并画出了一系列表示恒星光度和光谱型之间的关系图，经过对比发现颜色等价于恒星的光谱型或光面温度，也就是说两人独自画的图实际上是一回事。因此称这种图为赫茨普龙——罗索图，简称赫罗图。图以光谱型为横坐标，即O、B、A、F、G、K、M，它的下面是光谱型所对应的温度和该温度下恒星的颜色。光度为纵坐标，用绝对星等表示。我们注意到赫罗图最显著的特征是代表恒星的点大都落在图的左上角延伸到图的右下角的狭窄带内，这区域称为“主星序”，里面的星叫主序星。主星序右上方有一个几乎呈水平走向的“巨星序”。图的上部分分散的星称为“超巨星序”。主星序下面是“亚矮星序”。图的最下方是“自矮星序”。巨星序和主星序不相接的中间室区称为“赫氏空区”，那里面的星比较少。知道了赫罗图所代表的内容。那么怎么通过它得到使我们感兴趣的有关恒星演化的信息呢?图上每颗星的位置都是由它的光
度和表面温度来决定的、天文学家可以建立所谓的恒星模型通过光度和表面温度而知道恒星的内部结构。随着时间的推移，恒星的内部结构逐渐演变，其结果可以从光度和表面温度的变化上表现出来。光度和表面温度都是可以测量的，因此随着恒星演化的进行，光度和表面温度也在不断地改变，在赫罗图上的位置便会沿着一定路径移动，展现出演化过程。当然我们不可能具体地画出某一颗星的演化过程，因为恒星的演化是十分漫长的，但是没有关系，宇宙中的恒星有着不同的年龄，它们代表着过去、现在和未来，因此赫罗图可以使我们看到恒星演化的整个趋势。上面提到的恒星模型又是什么意思呢?从赫罗图上可以看出来，图上恒星的分布是有规律的，这表明光度和表面温度是存在内在联系的。通过实际观测和理论分析，天文学家认为这些内在的关联是由恒星的年龄、距离、质量和化学成分决定的。那么确定了恒星的某些性质就可以知道恒星的距离，通过表面温度可大致确定其质量范围等就是其很好的应用。
三．论述题：50分（500字左右）。
说说你对黑洞的认识？
黑洞的形成：
我们通常认为，黑洞是由恒星燃尽而形成的，比如说，如果太阳变成黑洞的话，必需有以下过程：
我们知道太阳是由氢转化成核能来燃烧的，但终究会燃尽所有能量，这个时候太阳会变成不在发光，不活泼的物质，我们成它为白矮星，白矮星会不断的收缩，密度越来越大，当太阳的直径达到1500米的时候，它就形成了一个黑洞，这个时候它的质量是：每立方厘米200亿吨。当然有学者认为太阳质量的恒星不足以形成黑洞，但是这个理论无法被证.
关于黑洞：
我们知道引力是由物质产生的，密度越大引力越大，黑洞的引力大到什么程度，当外界物质接近它的区域后，会被迅速吸引，并且完全分解。这个分解过程大约是万分之一秒。近年来科学家通过哈博望远镜发现越来越多的黑洞，但是研究它是很有难度的，由于人类释放出的咖吗射线和阿尔法射线均无法折回，被人类认为是其光线被完全吸收，所以认为光线无法逃出，从而看它不到，即便是用咖吗射线的望远镜拍出来的照片也是一片空白，但是周围的星体把他明显的衬托出来了，这一片看不到的东西就是黑洞。
二○○四年二月十九日，一个由国际天文学家组成的研究组向公众展示了黑洞吞噬一个恒星的照片，图片上的景象非常壮观。科学家说，这颗“倒霉”的恒星在飞进一个黑洞时，在黑洞巨大的引力作用下变形，被肢解和被黑洞部分地吞没了。这个黑洞位于
RXJ1242-11星系中心，整个星系绕它而转。距地球七亿光年。这个黑洞的质量是太阳的一亿倍。
可以这么认为，卫星绕行星而转，行星绕恒星而转，恒星绕大恒星而转，组成了星系，那么星系绕黑洞而转，可见黑洞的质量确实让人惊呆。
整个宇宙呈旋涡型星盘，我们的太阳系属于银河系，而银河系又属于河外星系，而河外星系属于另一个河外星系，另一个河外星系围绕着一个空心旋转，这个空心是个黑洞，宇宙中一切的星系都围绕它转，他的质量大约是太阳的100万亿倍，他每天吞唔600个太阳大小的星体。这个黑洞被许多科学家认为是宇宙的中心。
这个中心到底是怎么一会事，人类的智慧无从回答，也许它是另外一个宇宙。
Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？ It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing ?' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
新概念英语第二册测试卷(一) English Test Paper for New Concept English BookⅡ ( For Lesson 1---Lesson 5) Name__________ Marks________ I. Write out the words according to the phonetic symbols. ( 5 % ) 1.[`me sid?] _______ 2. [`θ i?t?] _______ 3. [`s?:vis]________ 4.[`s ent?] ______ 5. [m j u:`z i:?m]_______ II. Fill in the following box with the correct forms. ( 10 % ) Infinitive Verb+’s Past Tense Past Participle Present Participle fall began receiving been thinks carry bought ring spoiling bore III. Multiple choice questions ( 20 % ) 1. My brother has never been ________ before. A. aboard B. broad C. abroad D board 2. I went to the supermarket and bought a great many A. tomatos B. potatos C. vegetables D. meat 3. His father _____ until he _____ back. A. died; came B. didn't die; came C. didn’t die; didn’t come D. died; didn’t come 4. For the whole month, there no rain in this area. A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been 5. -----Hey, how are you getting with your girlfriend? ----- A .It’s none of your business! B. Dear me! C .Have a good time!. D. Enjoy yourself. 6.The young man and the young woman paid _____ attention to the writer. A. a few B. none C. not any D. no 7.You’d better do your work ______ I have shown you. A. in a way B. in the way C. by the way D. by way of 8. I’m _______ in that ________ film A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting 9. ------ Hurry up! We have little time! ------ I ____________. A. will come B. come C. shall come D. am coming
新概念英语第二册课测 试题 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
N e w C o n c e p t E n g l i s h B o o kⅡ1-9 一、单项选择 1、I went to the supermarket and bought a great many 2、He until it stopped raining. B. didn't wait C. leave 3、——Hey, how are you getting with your girlfriend —— A .It’s none of your business! me! C .Take it easy. yourself. 4、A great number of students fond of films, but a good student seldom to the cinema A. are,goes B. is,goes C. are,go D. is,go 5. I’m _______ in that ________ film A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting 6. It’s very cold. _______ your coat. A. Take off B. Put on C. Turn on off man could not bear could not it. calls at every house in the everyone. at out at detectives were a valuable parcel of diamonds.
New Concept English BookⅡLesson1---Lesson5 一、单项选择 1. the teacher at this college last year Yes, he did. A. Did, taught B. does, teach C. Did, teach D Do,teach 2、I went to the supermarket and bought a great many 3、He until it stopped raining. B. didn't wait C. leave 4、For the whole period of two months, there no rain in this area. be been been 5、——Hey, how are you getting with your girlfriend —— A .It’s n one of your business! me! C .Take it easy. yourself. 6、A great number of students fond of films, but a good student seldom to the cinema A. are,goes B. is,goes ? C. are,go D. is,go 7、If their house not like ours, what it look like , is , does , does , is 8. I’m _______ in that ________ film A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting 9. -------_____________ -------I am Italian. A.What’s your job B. What’s your name C. What nationality are you do you from 10. I don’t have ______writing paper, I only have _____chalk s.
爱华英语学校新概念英语（二）测试卷 姓名：__________成绩：__________ 一．找出划线部分读音与其它三个不同的选项。（5分） 1. ( )A. clear B.learn C.dear D.nearly 2. ( )A. conscinece B.astonish C.confine D. block 3. ( )A. snake B.exchange C.wallet D.savings 4. ( )A. books B.goods C.astonish D.discover 5. ( )A. villager B.suggest C.edge D.design 二．按要求写出正确形式。（10分） 1. at last (近义词)________ 2.turn off(反义词)________ 3.tooth(复数)________ 4.weather(同音词)________ 5.buy(过去式)________ 6.thirsty(形容词)________ 7.wool(形容词)________ 8.suddenly(形容词)________ 9.empty(反义词)________ 10.feel (过去式)________ 三、英汉互译。（10分） 1.唱歌____________ 2.put out _____________ 3.漫长的成功之路____________ 4.than ever before ____________ 5.遇上了暴风雨____________ 6.intend to do ____________ 7.埋怨，抱怨____________ 8.in hospital ____________ 9.看得见____________ 10.be astonished at ____________ 四、选择正确的词填空。（10分） 1.I can’t drink this coffee. It is ______ (too/very) hot. 2.He often does ______ (jobs/works) about the house. 3.The train ______ (passed/past) at a terrific speed. 4.She ________ (refused/denied) to accept the flowers. 5.Jack felt ______ (such/so) sleepy. He wanted to go to sleep at once. 6.The begger ________ (asked/asked for) a glass of beer. 7.Ms. Smart met her old friend the ______ (next /other) day. 8.This water has been boiling ________ (continuously/continually) for over an hour. 9.Maybe someone ______ (stole/robbed) my money. I couldn’t find it. 10.The Greens________ (looked at/watched0 a football match just now. 五．选择。（30分） 1.( )He said something_________ I couldn’t understand . A. who B.whose C.whom D.which 2. ( ) This coat is _________expensive that I can’t afford to buy it . A. so B.such C.very D.too 3. ( ) His father_________to work by car , but now he goes to work on foot. A. is used to go https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad7452615.html,ed to go C.is used to going https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad7452615.html,ed to going 4. ( ) She left the room without_________ a word . A. to say B.say C.saying D.says 5. ( ) He_________the newspaper when the telephone rang . A. reads B.read C.is reading D.was reading 6. ( ) Mr Wang isn’t here now . He left _________ Shanghai yesterday . A. at B.for C.on D.to 7. ( ) At this time yesterday , your car _________ A. repaired B.was repaired C.was being repaired D.had repaired
新概念英语第二册周测 一、单选 1.Some of this meat came from Canada. How about _____? A) another B) the other C) others D) the rest 2.You can borrow my tape-recorder _____ you return it to me tomorrow. A) unless B) as soon as C) until D) provided 3.Emily wrote to ______ of her parents last week, but she has written to _____ of them thisweek. A) both, either B) both, neither C) neither, both D) either, both 41.the teacher at this college last year ? Yes, he did. A. Did, taught B. does, teach C. Did, teach D . Do, teach 5、 He until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didn't wait C . didn't leave D. left 6、 For the whole period of two months, there no rain in this area. A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been 7、—— Hey, how are you getting with your girlfriend? —— A. It's none of your business B. Dear me! C .Take it easy. D. Enjoy yourself. 8、 If their house not like ours, what it look like? A. is, is B. is, does C. does, does D. does, is 9. I ’ m _______ in that ________ film A. interesting, interested B. interesting, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting 10.------ Hurry up! We have little time! ------ I ____________. A. will come B. come C. shall come D. am coming 11. I don ’ t have ______writing paper, I only have _____chalks. A. any, any B. any, some C. some, some D. some, any 12. Look, the little dog ______after a big cat! A. runs B. is running C. is going to run D. is running 13.Just then, the telephone rang. It rang. A. at once B. immediately C. again D. at that moment 14.How many times did the clock. A.hit B .beat C. knock D. strike
新概念英语第2册-单词(打印版)
Lesson 1 1 private ['praivit] a.私人的 2 conversation [k?nv?'sei??n] n.谈话 3 theatre ['θi?t?] n.剧场，戏院 4 seat [si:t] n.座位 5 play [plei] n.戏 6 loudly ['laudli] ad.大声地 7 angry ['??gri] a.生气的 8 angrily ['??grili] ad.生气地 9 attention [?'ten??n] n.注意 10 bear [be?] v.容忍 11 business ['biznis] n.事 12 rudely ['ru:dli] ad.无礼地，粗鲁地 Lesson 2 1 until [?n'til, ?n'til] prep.直到 2 outside [aut'said] ad.外面 3 ring [ri?] v.(铃、电话等)响 4 aunt [ɑ:nt] n.姑，姨，婶，舅妈 5 repeat [ri'pi:t] v.重复Lesson 3 1 send [send] v.寄，送 2 postcard ['p?ustkɑ:d] n.明信片 3 spoil [sp?il] v.使索然无味，损坏 4 museum[mju:'zi?m] n.博物馆
5 public ['p?blik] a.公共的 6 friendly ['frendli] a.友好的 7 waiter ['weit?] n.服务员，招待员 8 lend [lend] v.借给 9 decision [di'si??n] n.决定 10 whole [h?ul] a.整个的 11 single ['si?g?l] a.唯一的，单一的 Lesson 4 1 exciting [ik'saiti?] a.令人兴奋的 2 receive [ri'si:v] v.接受，收到 3 firm [f?:m] n.商行，公司 4 different ['difr?nt] a.不同的 5 centre ['sent?] n.中心 6 abroad [?'br?:d] ad.在国外 Lesson 5 1 pigeon [pid?in] n.鸽子 2 message ['mesid?] n.信息 3 over ['?uv?] v.越过 4 distance ['dist?ns] n.距离 5 request [ri'kwest] n.要求，请求 6 spare [spe?] 备件 7 service ['s?:vis] n.业务，服务 Lesson 6 1 beggar ['beg?] n.乞
New Concept English BookⅡ 一、单项选择 1. the teacher at this college last year ? Yes, he did. A. Did, taught B. does, teach C. Did, teach D Do,teach 2、I went to the supermarket and bought a great many A.tomatos B.potatos C.vegetables D.meat 3、He until it stopped raining. A.waited B. didn't wait C. leave D.left 4、For the whole period of two months, there no rain in this area. A.is B.will be C.has been D.have been 5、——Hey, how are you getting with your girlfriend?—— A .It’s none of your business! B.Dear me! C .Take it easy. D.Enjoy yourself. 6、A great number of students fond of films, but a good student seldom to the cinema A. are,goes B. is,goes C. are,go D. is,go 7、If their house not like ours, what it look like?A.is, is B.is, does C.does, does D.does, is 8. I’m _______ in that ________ film A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting 9. ------ Hurry up! We have little time! ------ I ____________. A. will come B. come C. shall come D. am coming 10. -------_____________? -------I am Italian. A.What’s your job B. What’s your name C. What nationality are you D.Where do you from 11. I don’t have ______writing paper, I only have _____chalk s. A. any, any B. any, some C. some, some D.some,any 12. Look, the little dog ______after a big cat! A. runs B. is running C. is going to run D.is runing 13. It’s very cold. _______ your coat. A. Take off B. Put on C. Turn on D.Put off 14.The man could not bear it.He could not it.A.carry B.suffer C.stand D.lift 15.Just then,the telephone rang.It rang .A.at once B.immediately C.again D.at that moment 16.On the last day he made a big dicision.It was the day of his holiday. A.final B.end https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad7452615.html,test D.bottom 17.He calls at every house in the street.He everyone.A.shouts at B.calls C.cries out at D.visits 18.The detectives were a valuable parcel of diamonds. A.expecting B.waiting C.expecting for D.expecting to 19.The man is fond of gardens. . A.They like him B.They like to him C.He likes them D.He likes they 20.How many times did the clock .A.hit B.beat C.knock D.strike 二、Change the sentences with what or what a(n) 21. It was very hot yesterday.________________ hot day it is yesterday! 22. It is so cold__________________ cold weather it is! 23. You have such an old bike.___________________ old bike you have! 24. The book Tom is reading is very interesting.___________________ interesting book Tom is reading! 25. We live in a very noisy place.____________________ noisy place we live in! 三、用over, between, along, in front of, behind, 或across 等介词或介词短语填空 26. A lot of birds are flying _______ the river. 27. The teacher is standing _________________ the blackboard. 28. I am running _______ the Great Wall(长城). 29. They are swimming ______ the river. 30. I am sitting _________my brother and my sister.
恒星 摘要：本文分为两大部分，前部分将介绍恒星的各个参数，包括亮度、视星等、光度、大小、质量等基本特征以及恒星彼此之间的联系等等（也适当包含了一些对恒星参数测定的方法）。后半部分则将着重介绍恒星的起源与演化过程。 关键词：恒星、起源与演化。 1.前言 在美丽而又浩瀚的夜空中，我们痴迷于若隐若现的点点繁星，向它们寄托着我们难以磨灭的情感，它们也因此成为了我们心中永远的美丽传说。而实际上，那点点繁星大都是离我们十分遥远的恒星，我们对它们仍知之甚少。因此，研究恒星与恒星系统已势在必行:它是解决现代最基本理论----天体的起源与演化问题所不可缺少的；同时它也有助于解决物理学中的基本理论，寻找新能源；甚至于对这个问题的研究，对哲学的进步与发展同样起着积极作用，因为恒星和恒星系统是唯物主义宇宙观和唯心主义宇宙观激烈斗争的重要方面。 2.恒星的基本参数 2-1恒星观测的发展历程 恒星是指由内部能源产生辐射而发光的大质量球状天体。太阳就是一颗典型的恒星。自古以来，恒星一直是人们探索大自然的一个重要研究对象。人类研究恒星最初是依靠眼睛，但“最好”的眼睛最多只能看到6000余颗恒星。望远镜发明后，人类可以观测到眼睛看不到的恒星，早先美国帕洛马山天文台的直径5米的望远镜可以观测到20亿颗恒星，而在哈勃望眼镜升空后已经把人眼识别天体的范围提高了40亿倍。与此同时，人类还通过射电，x射线，红外线等多种电磁波去了解和研究恒星。 2-2恒星的距离 恒星离我们是十分遥远的，除去太阳外，离我们最近的恒星是半人马座比邻星，距离大约有4*10^13千米，而其他恒星更是远远大于这个距离。那么，应该怎样进行恒星距离的测量呢？
新概念英语第二册课测 试题 集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]
New Concept English BookⅡ Lesson1---Lesson5 一、单项选择 1. the teacher at this college last year Yes, he did. A. Did, taught B. does, teach C. Did, teach D Do,teach 2、I went to the supermarket and bought a great many A.tomatos B.potatos C.vegetables D.meat 3、He until it stopped raining. A.waited B. didn't wait C. leave D.left 4、For the whole period of two months, there no rain in this area. A.is B.will be C.has been D.have been 5、——Hey, how are you getting with your girlfriend? —— A .It’s none of your business! B.Dear me! C .Take it easy. D.Enjoy yourself. 6、A great number of students fond of films, but a good student seldom to the cinema A. are,goes B. is,goes C. are,go D. is,go 7、If their house not like ours, what it look like? A.is, is B.is, does C.does, does D.does, is 8. I’m _______ in that ________ film A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting 9. -------_____________ -------I am Italian. A.What’s your job B. What’s your name C. What nationality are you D.Where do you from 10. I don’t have ______writing paper, I only have _____chalk s. A. any, any B. any, some C. some, some D.some,any 11. Look, the little dog ______after a big cat! A. runs B. is running C. is going to run D.is runing 12. It’s very cold. _______ your coat. A. Take off B. Put on C. Turn on D.Put off 13.The man could not bear it.He could not it. A.carry B.suffer C.stand D.lift 14.On the last day he made a big dicision.It was the day of his holiday. A.final B.end https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad7452615.html,test D.bottom 15.He calls at every house in the street.He everyone. A.shouts at B.calls C.cries out at D.visits
新概念英语第2册课文
新概念英语第2册课文 1 A private conversation私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!' 上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好。发挥是很有趣的。我不喜欢它。一青年男子与一年轻女子坐在我的身后。他们在大声地说话。我很生气。我听不见演员。我转过身。我看着那个男人和女人生气。他们没有注意。最后，我忍不住了。我又一次转过身去。”我不能听到一个字！”我愤怒地说。”这不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说。”这是私人间的谈话！” 2 Breakfast or lunch?早餐还是午餐？ It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing?' she asked. 'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated. 'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!' 它是星期日。在星期天我是从来不早起。有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上周日我起床很晚。我看着窗外。它是黑暗的外面。”多好的一天！”我的思想。”又下雨了。”
新概念英语二综合测试真题（基础） （满分100分，80分钟） 一、用下列词的适当形式填空。（10小题，每小题１分，共10分） 1. The bridge (build) by prisoners of war in 194 2. 2. So far, we (not have) a reply. 3. While he (write) on the blackboard, the children were talking. 4. We advise them (stay) at home. 5. The children ran away after they (break) the window. 6. She said that she (see) you tomorrow. 7. The man is a very (experience) expert in Chinese history. 8. The Greenwood boys will give (perform) all over the country. 9. The (luck) boy survived from the disastrous earthquake. 10. (recent), I have made great progress in English. 二、单项选择。（15小题，每小题１分，共15分） 1. Last summer he went to Italy. He was Italy last summer. A. at B. to C. in D. on 2. The waiter lent him a book. He a book from the waiter. A.lent B. borrowed C. took D. stole 3. , have you seen Harry in the past few days. A. On the way B. By the way C. In the way D. In this way 4. ________do you surf the Internet ? Once a month. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far 5. Joe Bill in the match and finally the championship. A. beat, won B. won, beat C. beat, beat D. won, won 6. I was wet all through a stormy night. A. at B. in C. for D. on 7. We have an old musical instrument a clavichord. A. call B. calling C. called D. calls 8. A new road outside my house now. A. builds B. is built C. is building D. is being built 9. The tables in the office wood. A. are made in B. are made by C. are made of D. are made from 10. He has since three days ago. A. gone B. left C. gone away D. been away 11. —— Shall we go to the cinema at half past three the day after tomorrow. —— I am sorry, but . A. will have a meeting B. am having a meeting C. will be having a meeting D. have a meeting 12. Children should not be allowed in the street because it is very dangerous. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play 13. When the teacher , the students in the classroom. A. came in, talked and shouted B. came in, were talking and shouting
（中医气的一元论宇宙观）浅说 由王爱仁制作，北京中医林整理。 中医中的气论，从哲理上看，它来源于我国先秦时期就已经认识并确立起来的气的一元论的宇宙观。这种宇宙观的产生，最明显不过的是早期道家的思想，如老子在他论道中所谈的气的思想，他说：“万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和”（42章），还有后来庄子在《知北游》中所说的：“通天下一气耳”。沿着道家的思路，再稍后，管子在老子论气的基础之上，又提出了“精气”论的观点，在太约相同的时期内，《易传》的作者也发表了同样的看法。如《管子·内业》中云：“精也者，气之精者也。”在《管子·心术下》中又说：“一气能变曰精”。如《系辞上传》中也有“精气为物”的看法。既于“元气”的说法，也即物质本源的另一种说法，这与老子所言的气的物性在本质上没有根本的区别。既于始于何时，据我国学者张岱年所说：“元气一词，屡见于汉代著作中，但究竟始于何书，难以考定。”在汉代中，最具代表性的是王充的元气论。到了宋代，又有张载和王夫之等人的元气学说。所谓元,即始也，这是《说文》的解释。意思是说，元气，作为一种物质，它是宇宙物质最早、最原始的一种状态，所以说，元气之气与老庄所言之气没有本质上的差异。管子的精气说倒有一些新意，因为他鲜明的指出精气是整个气中的精华，又是可生可变的气，因而与一般的气有所不同。这就为气的可变性，又尤其是为气可造出生命之物提供了一定的理论依据。 关于气，它是我国古代唯物论哲学一个很重要的命题，其基本观点是：认为宇宙的本源是一个物质的世界，它的最基本、最原始的状态，就是一个充满着“至小无内”的最微小单位的气的世界，同时，也可以说是一个充满着“至大无外”，由无限个气体包容在一起的广袤无边的气的世界。这个世界，庄子在《知北游》中，将其称之为“太虚”，而易学中则称之为“太极”。这个世界不是静止的，而是动态的，是发展的，今日的世界，就是由这个世界发展而来的，今天所显现出的万象的物质世界，就是这个正在发展中的世界的见证物。因此，又可以这样概括说：它是整个宇宙过去、现在和未来的基础，它是这个发展中世界的最原始、最根本的物质基础。由于气的这种唯一性和原始性，所以我国现在一些哲学家、理论家们，就将它命之为“气的一元论的宇宙观”。 中医理论中的气论，就是建立在这样一个“气的一元论的宇宙观”上。如《素问·天元纪大论篇》对宇宙和人的看法；如《素问·宝命全形论篇》对人的生成的看法；如《素问·阴阳应象大论篇》对宇宙和人的阴阳二气的看法，还有运气学说中主要的宇宙观，病理观，以及我国中医传统理论中已经形成的整套气的生理观、病理观、以及各类用气治疗疾病的方法等等，都可足以说明这个问题，物质性气是中医理论的基石。 关于气，我国古人这种朴素的唯物宇宙观，并非是纯主观地随意的想象中说出来的，而是有其科学的根据的，其一是当时自然哲学的直觉与经验结合的发现；其二是当时天文学研究成果的总结。如老子的道学观，就是那时自然哲学的直觉与经验结合研究出成果的典范；而天文学上的宣夜说，就是当时对宇宙模式和宇宙起源的最先进和最科学的解释。我说它最先进和最科学是因为这一解释很接近现代宇宙学。