七年级（上）仁爱版英语语法—名词语法讲解题
一、专有名词与普通名词
名词按其意义可分为专有名词(proper noun)和普通名词(c ommon noun)。
普通名词又可分为类名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
1. 专有名词：是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。
如：New York纽约Clinton克林顿
2. 类名词：是一类人或物的个体的名称。
如：piano钢琴，doctor医生，ship舰船
3. 集体名词：是一些人或物的总称，作主语时可用复形谓语动词。
如：family家庭，army军队class班级
4. 物质名词：是无法分为个体的实物。
如：sugar糖，tea茶，air空气
5. 抽象名词：是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。
如：work工作，honesty诚实，courage勇气
注：名词按其可数性分为可数名词(countable nouns)和不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。类名词皆可数，集体名词大都可数；专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词多不可数。
二、名词的复数形式
1. 规则变化：
1)一般加-s
如：map------maps地图field------fields田地
2)以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词后加-es
如：class---classes班，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盘子，
match---matches比赛
3)以 f 或fe 结尾的名词,变为-ves（或者说：变“f 或fe”为“V”，再加“es”）
如：leaf---leaves叶thief---thieves贼(注：下列词例外：roofs屋顶，gulfs海湾, belief信仰，信条)
4)以辅音字母y 结尾，变y为i，再加-es（a \e \i \o \u 元音字母）
如：party---parties党,factory---factories工厂(注：元音字母y 结尾直接加-s：boys男孩rays光线)
5)以辅音字母o 结尾，一般加-es
如：potato---potatoes 马铃薯tomato--- tomatoes番茄，西红柿hero---heroes 英雄(注：某些外来词以及以元音字母o结尾的名词，直接加-s: pianos钢琴，photos照片，kilos公斤;radios收音机)
2. 不规则变化
1)变内部元音。
如：foot---feet脚man---men 男人woman—women女人
tooth-teeth 牙齿mouse---mice老鼠
2)词尾加-ren 或-en
如：child---children小孩ox---oxen公牛
3)形式不变(即单复数一致)
如：deer----deer 鹿fish---fish 鱼sheep---sheep绵羊people—people人民Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese 日本人police—police警察
三、复合名词的复数形式
由一个简单名词加一个或一个以上的词构成的名词叫复合名词(compound noun)。复合名词变复数时，有以下三种情况：
1. 把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式，
如：housewife → housewives家庭主妇film-goer → film-goers爱
看电影的人gentleman → gentlem en先生schoolroom → schoolrooms 教室
2. 将主要成分变为复数形式，
如：looker-on → lookers-on旁观者sister-in-law → sisters-in-law 嫂子;弟媳passer-by → passers-by过路人bride-to-be → brides-to-be
即将做新娘的人
3. 将两个组成部分皆变为复数，这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman,
如：man doctor → men doctors男医生wom an teacher → women teachers女教师man cook → men cooks男厨师woman singer → women singers女歌手
四、名词所有格
● 1.名词所有格的用法
●所有格`s 或s` 形式主要用于人或一些动物的名称，表示"所有"
或修饰的关系。
?如：John`s father 约翰的父亲，spiders` web 蜘蛛网
● 2.名词所有格的构成
?（1）一般直接加" ` "，
?如：this child`s book这个小孩的书, children`s books儿童书籍
?（2）加了-s 或-es 的复数名词后，只加" ` "，
?如，girls` skirts 女孩子们的裙，the soldiers` horses 士兵们的
马
?（3）以s结尾的单数名词或人名，可用以上两种写法的所有格，
?如：the actress` son 或the actress`s son 女演员的儿子James`s
works 或James` works詹姆斯的作品
●
● 3.事物的所有格
?事物的的所有格常用of 表示，
?如，the shade of a tree树阴, the top/bottom/side/inside/outside of
a box.箱的顶部/底部/里面/外面(注：一些复合名词不需of, 如：
a table leg桌腿, the water supply水的供应，a tea cup 茶杯)
● 4.部分无生命词用`s或s`表示所有格
●无生命的东西在下列情况可用`s或s`所有格：
●（1）表示时间，如：today`s newspaper今天的报纸, two days` work
两天的工作
●（2）表示度量衡及价值a mile`s distance 一英里的距离，ten dollars`
value 10美元的价值
●（3）表示自然现象the moon`s rays月光the earth`s atmosphere地球
的大气层
●（4）表示国家城市等实体，如：the city`s parks 城市的公园，the
country`s ta xsystem 国家
●
● 5.双重所有格of -`s 结构叫双重所有格(double genitive),
?如：a friend of my mother`s我母亲的一个朋友, a play of
Shakespeare`s莎士比亚的戏剧.
◆五、名词的语法功能
名词在句子中可以用作：
● 1.主语
?The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。
● 2.宾语分为动宾和介宾两种：
?I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。(boy 作动词saw的宾语) Give
the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother 作介词
to的宾语)
● 3.表语He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。
● 4.宾语补足语They called him a fool. 他们叫他傻瓜。
● 5.定语Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗?
● 6.同位语This is my friend John.
●7.主语补足语He is considered a good officer. 他被认为是个好官
员。
●名词的练习
◆【练习题】
●写出下列名词的复数：
?tooth牙齿), goose(鹅), table(桌子), man driver(男司机)，potato(土
豆) piano(钢琴), sheep(羊), mouse (鼠) , loaf(面包), glass(玻璃杯)
●找出下列句子中的错误并改正：
?This is a pair of trouser.这是一条裤子。
?He gave me some advices. 他给了我一些忠告。
?She went to the library with two ladies friends.她和两位女伴一起
去图书馆。
?The police is looking for him. 警察在找他。
◆参考答案：
? 1. teeth, geese, tables, men drivers, potatoes, pianos, sheep,
mice ,loaves, glasses.
? 2. 1)trouser 不对。trousers 总是复数2)advises 不对。advice 是
一个不可数名词，不能加-s. 3) 应是lady friends. lady 和woman 不同，它的复合名词变复数时，只变它后面的名词。4) police 总是复数，因此要把is 改为are.
名词所有格专项练习 班级 _______ 姓名 __________ ．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. March 8th is ______________ D ay. (woman). 2. __________________________ T aking twenty ( 分钟 ) exercise every day is good for your health. 3. __________________________ T he shop sells ( 妇女 ) handbags. 4. _______________________________________ T eachers in western countries have a ( 三个月的 ) holiday in a year. 5. I ' ll give my English teacher a card for __________ Day. (teacher) 6. It ' s only ten ________ walk from the station to the hotel. (minute) 7. It ' s an _________ (hour) ride from here to the museum. 8. That 'smy ______________ (father) car. It 's grey. 二．选择填空： ( ) 1． How ' s Joy 's skirt? Her skirt is more beautiful than ________________ . A. her sister ' s and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kate 's D. her sister ' s and Kate 's ( )2． This is ______ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Lucy ' s and Lily 's B. Lucy ' s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily ( ) 3． In _____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too. A. few years B. a few years ' C. a few year ( ) 4． Did you hear the _________ report? A. policemen B. policemen 's C. policemens ( ) 5．It 's about ___________ walk from my home. ( ) 6． This is my dress. That one is ____________ . A. Mary B. Mary 's C. sister D. mother ( )7． Where is _____________ sweater ? I can 't see it. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucy 's D. Lucys ( ) 8． _________ mothers made them have piano lessons. ( ) 9. The room on the right is _____________ A. her B. she C. Lil y 's D. L ily ( ) 10 ． Where ' s yuor father ? At ______ A. Mr Green 's B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green 's D. the Greens ( ) 11 ． The twin brothers always put small presents in ________ stockings on Christmas Day. A. each other 's B. each other C. each others D. each other s ' ( ) 12. I have been to Beidaihe with a friend _________ . A. in Chinese B. of Japan C. of American 's D. from Canada ( )13. When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between . ( )14． It is said that SARS has killed more than _____________ people worldwide. s D. Lucy and Lily D. a few year ' s D. policemens A. ten minute B. ten m inutes C. ten minute s D. ten minutes A. Peter and Anne B. Peter ' s and Anne 's C. Peter s and Anne D. Peter and Anne 's A. Ted and Ben B. Ted ' s and Ben C. Ted and Ben s D. Ted ' s and Ben 's
名词所有格说明所属问题，表示某物归谁所有，共三种形式： ①-’s所有格 ②of 所有格 ③双重所有格（-’s + of 所有格共同存在） -’s所有格 -’s所有格的构成 ①一般单数名词和不以s 结尾的复数名词，以及复合词，在词尾+ ’s Eg: Amy’s book a women’s hospital 一家妇科医院 his father-in-law’s birthday ②以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾直接+ ’ Eg: my friend’s balls teacher s’ office ③以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词，可+’s 或’ Eg: the boss’s/ boss’ coffee charles’s/charles’ choice -’s所有格的用法 ①表示有生命的人或动物、时间、节日等名词的所有关系 Eg: my father’s tea live a dog’s life two day s’ absence April Fool’s day ②名词有同位语时，所有格用于同位语上 Eg: This is his friend, Tom’s storybook. ③由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有，最后一词用所有格；表示各自拥有时，每个名词都用所有格。 Eg: Tom and Jerry’s house 汤姆和杰瑞的房子 Tom’s and Jerry’s houses 汤姆和杰瑞各自的房子
of 所有格的构成及用法 of + 名词，表示无生命事物的名词或有较多修饰语的名词的所有关系。 Eg：the top of the mountain the advice of the old experienced man 注意-’s所有格和of 所有格有时都可以使用 Eg: China’s economy = the economy of China today’s weather = the weather of today his father’s death = the death of his father (表示某人的遭遇时，更常用of的所有格) 双重所有格 双重所有格的构成 of + 名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词。 双重所有格的用法： ①表示特定人的不特定的所有关系。 Eg: a novel of Dicken’s 狄更斯(特定人)的一本小说（不特定关系） a book of mine 我(特定人)的一本书（不特定关系） ②表达特殊的情感 有时双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有赞许，厌恶，不满的感情的色彩。 Eg：That old watch of my father’s gains a lot every day. 我父亲的那块旧表每天都会快很多。 注意： A friend of my father 我父亲的朋友（强调朋友关系） A friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友（强调许多朋友中的一个） A photo of my brother 我哥（本人）的一张照片 A photo of my brother’s 我哥（拥有）的一张照片
专题：名词练习题一、写出下列词的复数 1.book 2.bus 4.baby 5.boy 7.his 8.knife 3.orange 6.my 9.w atch 10.sheep 11.tooth 12.leaf 13.German 14.Chinese 二、选择正确的答案 ( )1.Are those ? ---- No, they aren’t.They’re. A.sheep ，cows B.sheep ，cow C.sheeps ，cow D.sheeps ，cows ( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty.Please give me . A.two orange B.two bottles of orange C.two bottles orange D.two bottles of oranges ( )3.I have got news from my friend.Do you want to know? A.a very good B.any C.a piece of D.two pieces ( )4. room is on the 5th floor. A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and Lily’s C.Lucy’s and Lily D.Lucy’s and Lily’s ( )5.Every morning Mr.Smith takes a to his office. A.20 minutes’ walk B.20 minute’s walk C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk ( )6.This is James Allan Green.We can call him . A.Mr.Green B.Mr.Allan C.Mr.James D.James Green ( )7.Jack and Tom are . A.good friends B.good friend C.a good friend D.good a friend ( )8.It’s only about ten walk to the nearest post office. A.minutes B.minute’s C.minutes’ D.minute ( )9.He often has for breakfast. A.two breads B.two piece of breads C.two pieces of bread D.two pieces of breads ( )10.Mrs.Green has two ............... T hey’re very bright. A.childs B.child C.children’s D.children ( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s. A.two months holiday B.two months’ holiday
一、名词复数规则 1．_________________________如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．_________________________如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches 3．__________________________________如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．______________________________________如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet, .tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、练习题。 <一>、写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20knife 22、sheep <二>、选择填空 1、There_______ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car_______made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four________and two_________in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. Th at’a______art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got________already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants__________. A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There ______some ________in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8. There ______two________ in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean_______twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 11. In Britain _____ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box
名词的所有格 名词有三个格：主格、宾格和所有格。名词的所有格通常表示“---的”. 1．How’s Joy’s skirt? Her skirt is more beautiful than ________. A.her sister’s and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kate’s D.her sister’s and Kate’s 2．This is _______ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A.Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy’s and Lily C.Lucy and Lily’s 3．It’s about __________walk from my home.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s D. ten minutes 4 Today is September 10th. It's ________ Day. A. Teacher B. Teacher's C. Teachers' D. Teacher' 5. It's June 1st, it's ________ Day. A. Childrens B. Children's C. Childrens' D. Childrens's 6 This year, ________ is on May 9th. A.My mother's brithday B. My mothers' brithday C. My mothers brithday D. My mothers's brithday 7 This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind. A. woman's B. womens' C. women's D. womans' 8 He is ________ . A. one student of my father B. one of my father's student C. my father's students D. one student of my father's 9 Ken is also ________ . A. one cousin of mine B. one cousin of my C. one cousin of me D. one cousin of I 10 Billy and I are good friends, I have ________ . A. some pictures of Billy' B. some pictures of Billy's C. some Billy's pictures D. some pictures of Billy
1.What can I do for you? A．glasses, water B．glass, water C．glasses, waters A．class, class B．class, Class C．Class, Class 3.Look! There are three_______ in the picture. A. chicken B. sheeps C. fish D. horse 4.What would you like to order? - Let me have a look at the_______, please. A. book B. dish C. menu D. plate 5.—What can I do for you? —I want two ____. A. bottle of milks B. bottle of milk C. bottles of milk A．glasses, water B．glass, water C．glasses, waters 7..What do animals eat? -Some eat_______ and some eat_______. A. meat ,leafs B. meats, leafs C. meat ,leaves D. meats ,leaves 8.This is ______ book. They like it very much. A. Tom and Tony’s B. Tom’s and Tony’s C. Tom’s and Tony D. Tom and Tony 9.Miss Li is _____ English teacher. A. Tom and Tina B. Tom’s and Tina’s C. Tom and Tina’s 10.—Is this your English-Chinese dictionary? —No, it’s______ A. my sister’s B. a dictionary C. your dictionary 11. There is some ________ on the table. A．tomato B．egg C．chicken D．banana
名词所有格的专项练习 A. Teacher B. Teacher's C. Teachers' D. Teacher' 2. It's June 1st, it's ________ Day. A. Childrens B. Children's C. Childrens' D. Childrens's 3. This year, ________ is on May 9th. A. My mother's brithday B. My mothers' brithday C. My mothers brithday D. My mothers's brithday 4. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ________ . A. doctor B. doctor's C. doctors' D. doctor' 5. —Where is Mr. Zhang? —He is in the ________ . A. teacher's reading room B. teachers' reading room C. teacher reading room D. teachers reading room 6. This is ________ ball. It's not ________ . A. the boy's, girl's B. the boy's, the girl's C. the boy, the girl D. boys', girls 7. This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind. A. woman's B. womens' C. women's D. womans' 8. Look at the book, it's not mine, and it's not yours, so it must be ________ . A. somebody else's B. somebody else' C. somebody's else D. somebody' else 9. These are ________ . A. newspaper of today B. today's newspaper C. today's newspapers' D. today newspaper's 10. It's about ________ from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes' walk B. walk of twenty minutes'
英语名词所有格语法口诀 对于很多同学来说，英语是比较难学习的。要学好，方法很重要。英语名词所有格语法口诀，我们来看看。 名词所有格用法 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 希望同学们对上面的名词所有格用法口诀能很好的记住，希望同学们在考试中取得好成绩。 初中英语语法大全：动词的种类 关于英语中动词的种类知识，希望同学们很好的掌握下面的内容学习。 动词的种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。 1．行为动词 行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动
词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。 如： More and more people study English.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi) 2．连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语 一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, bee, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。 如： Our country is being stronger and stronger. It feels damp. 3．助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构 成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 如： How do you usually e to school? The children are playing yo-yo now. 4．情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要 动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人
专题：名词练习题 一、写出下列词．的复数 __________ ____________ _________ _________ 二、选择正确的答案 ( ) those ______?-----No, they aren’’re _____. ， cows ， cow ，cow ， cows ( ), I’m quite give me ____. orange bottles of orange bottles orange bottles of oranges ( ) have got ______ news from my you want to know? very good piece of pieces ( ) room is on the 5th floor. and Lily and Lily’s ’s and Lily ’s and Lily’s ( ) morning takes a _______ to his office. minutes’ walk minute’s walk walk walk ( ) is James Allan can call him ______. Green ( ) and Tom are _______. friends friend good friend a friend ( )’s only about ten _______ walk to the nearest post office. ’s ’ ( ) often has _______ for breakfast. breads piece of breads pieces of bread pieces of breads ( ) has two ’re very bright.
一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange s 2、class es 3、monkey s 4、piano__s__ 5、child ren 6、shelf shelves 7、country countries 8、family families 9、toy s 10、foot feet 11、Japanese 不变12、radio s 13、photo s 14、army 、tomato es 16、fox es 17、woman women 18、knife knives 19、sheep 不变 二、选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That’s art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river.A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
1. Today is September 10th. It“s _____ Day. A. Teacher B. Teacher“s C. Teachers“ D. Teacher“ 2. It“s June 1st, it“s _____ Day. A. Childrens B. Children“s C. Childrens“ D. Childrens“s 3. This year, _____ is on May 9th. A. My mother“s birthday B. My mothers“ birthday C. My mothers birthday D. My mothers“s birthday 4. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ____.A. doctor B. doctor’s C. doctors“ D. doctor“ 5. ---Where is Mr. Zhang? ---He is in the ____ . A. teacher“s reading room B. teachers“ reading room C. teacher reading room D. teachers reading room 6. This is ___ ball. It“s not ___ . A. the boy“s, girl“s B. the boy“s, the girl“s C. the boy, the girl D. boys“, girls 7. This year, the most popular ___ hat is that kind. A. woman“sB. womens“ C. women“s D. womans“ 8. Look at the book, it“s not mine, and it“s not yours, so it must be __ . A. somebody else“s B. somebody else“ C. somebody“s else D. somebody“ else 9. These are ___ . A. newspaper of today B. today“s newspaper C. today“s newspapers“ D. today newspaper“s 10. It“s about ___ from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes“ walk B. walk of twenty minutes“ C. walk of twenty minutes“ D. twenty minute“s walk 11. ____ is very small and white.
名词所有格： 表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词，后加's来表示所有关系。 名词所有格的构成： ①一般情况（包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词）加's 例如：the child's bag 这个孩子的书包children's books 儿童用书 ②带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇[ ' ] 例如：girls' school 女子学校the smiths' car 史密斯家的小汽车 带词尾s的单数，通常仍加's，如：the boss's new car ③带词尾s的人名，可加's或只加省字撇[ ' ] 例如：Dickens' novels 狄更斯的小说Charles' job 查理斯的工作 不带词尾s，却以音标/s/结尾，一律加's，如：Marx's 马克思的著作 ④双重所有格：将's与of 结合一起使用构成双重所有格。 例如：a friend of my father's 我父亲的一位朋友 a photo of mine 我的一张照片 注意： ①用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况：表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词 后加's，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加's。 例：Tom's and Jack's room 汤姆和杰克（各自）的房间。 Tom and Jack's room 汤姆和杰克（共同）的房间。 ②下列情况可以将's 所有格中的名词省略。 A. 名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。 例: This notebook is not mine, not John's. 这个笔记本不是我的，也不是约翰的。 The dictionary isn't mine, but Jenny's. 这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。 B. 名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。 例: Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons'. the doctor's（office）医生的诊所my uncle's（house）我叔叔的家 's 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较: (1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物，也可用于无生命的东西。有时可以与's 所有格互换。 如：Mr Smith's son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子 the Queen's arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达 (2) 必须用's 所有格的情形： ①表类别时：men's shoes 男鞋，children's stories 儿童故事 ②表来源时：John's telegram 约翰的电报
一、名词的单数、复数、所有格 基础知识 名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。如：GuangZhou，Mike，UNESCO等。专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写，前面不加定冠词the。普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。如：police，uggs，rice 等。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。 一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。可数名词有单数、复数之分，表示“一个”时用单数，表示“多个”时用复数。如：a bird，a teacher，an apple，two birds，five teachers，eight apples等。 可数名词复数的构成 1、一般情况下，在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如：game-games，boy-boys等。 2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾加-es构成。如：box-boxes，bus-buses， peach-peaches，dish-dishes。 3、以o结尾，表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es；表示没有生命的事物的单数名词 变复数加-s。如：potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，photo-photos，piano-pianos等。 4、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，将y改成i后再加-es。如：factory-factories， story-stories，family-families。 5、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数，将f或fe改成v,cheap nike air max，然后再加-es。如：leaf-leaves，life-lives，knife-knives等。 6、名词单数变复数，除了有规则可循的变化之外，还有一部分的变化是不规则的，我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。这些词有：goose-geese，foot-feet，tooth-teech，man-men，woman-women，mouse-mice，sheep-sheep，deer-deer，fish-fish，child-children，ox-oxen等,ugg shoes。 不可数名词量的表示 不可数名词没有单数、复数之分，但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量，我们于是采用这种方法：a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词，如：a cup of tea，a uggs of rice，a box of milk，a piece of paper等。如果为了表示多个的概念，我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。如：a cup of tea---3 cups of tea---a uggs of rice---5 uggss of rice，a box of milk---12 boxes of milk，A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper 当堂训练、一）写出下例名词的复数形式 1、monkey _____ 2、boy _____ 3、duck _____ 4、house_____ 5、bus _____ 6、lady_____ 7、sheep _____ 8、deer _____ 9、child_____ 10、foot _____ 11、tomato_____ 12、ox _____ 13、desk_____ 14、window _____ 15、ugg boots _____ 16、dish _____ 17、film _______ 18、day _____ 19、plane _______ 20、month _________ 21、inch ________ 22、village ___________ 23、city ____________ 24、family________ 25、knife _______ 26、people ___________ 27、man ___________ 28、thief ___________ 29、chinese ___________ 30、glass ___________ 二）11、一滴水____________________12、两杯茶___________________________________ 13、三瓶啤酒__________________14、四双袜子___________________________________ 15、五块肥皂_________________16、六名警察___________________________________ 17、七朵花____________18、八把椅子___________________________________ 19、九只青蛙_______________20、十双uggs ___________________________________
名词复数和名词的所有格 27刘梅的女儿 Chin ese man 28 Tom 和Dave 的书 29 Tom 和Dave （两兄弟）的爸爸 30我家的一张照片 31看这幅图片 32我的一家 33汤姆的家谱 34 一间教室的图片 三把下面单数句变为复数句，复数句变为 单数句 1. I am an En glish teacher. 2. He is a boy. _Japanese teacher 3. This is an ID card. 1. 两本字典 2. 五个手表 3. 八个文具盒 4. 七个中国人 5. 这些男孩 6. 这些橡皮擦 7. 那些图片 8. 那些书包 9. 她的两个兄弟 10. 这些女孩 11. 这两个女孩 woma n 12. 他们的父母 13. 他的三个表姐 14. 你的祖父母 15. 我的笔友 16. 在图片中 17. 在图一中 18. 迈克的哥哥 19. Alice 的朋友们 21我姐姐的书 22 Grace 的一家人 23 Mary 的书包 25她爸爸的名字 26 Jeff 的狗 4. That ' s a new watch . 5. It ' s her photo. 6. Is this your pencil box? Yes, it is . 7. Is that her dictionary? No. It isn ' t. 8. What ' s this ? It ' s a baseball. 9.What ' s that ? It ' s a computer game. 10. They are En glish boys. 11. Are those your pencils? Yes ，they are. 12 Those are oran ges. 13. Are these her watches? No, they aren't. 14. These are erasers. 15. These are my erasers.