The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 t o promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations,(国际联盟) the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The UN Headquarters （总部）is situated in Manhattan, New York City and enjoys extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.
1.On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the United Nations Charter. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council—France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the UK and the US—and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.
The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council took place in Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London beginning 6 January 1946. The General Assembly selected New York City as the site for United Nations Headquarters, and the facility was completed in 1952. Its site—like UN headquarters buildings in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi—is designated as international territory.The Norwegian Foreign Minister, Trygve Lie, was elected as the first UN Secretary-General.
1945年4月25日，联合国国际组织会议在旧金山召开，50国政府及诸多非政府机构参与并起草了《联合国宪章》。1945年10月24日，当时的安理会五大常任理事国（法国、中华民国、苏联、英国和美国）及多数其他签署国（46国）共同批准了宪章，联合国正式宣告成立。
1946年1月6日，联合国大会第一次会议（51个国家代表出席）以及安理会在英国伦敦的卫理公会中央礼堂举行。大会选定纽约作为联合国总部，其设施于1952年完工。联合国总部同联合国在日内瓦、维也纳和内罗毕的总部一样，被指定为国际领土。同时，大会还选举了挪威外相特吕格韦·赖伊为第一任联合国秘书长。
2.The United Nations' system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice.[42] A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council, suspended operations in 1994, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory.
2.1
The General Assembly is the main deliberative assembly of the United Nations. Composed of all United Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions, but emergency sessions can also be called.The assembly is led by a president, elected from among the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 vice-presidents.The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London and included representatives of 51 nations.
When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. Examples of important questions include recommendations on peace and security; election of members to organs; admission, suspension, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters. All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not
binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Security Council.
联合国大会是联合国的主要合议性团体，包括联合国的所有会员国，每年定期举行会议，但紧急会议亦可以召开[54]。大会由一位主席（由成员国中产生，根据区域进行轮换）和21位副主席主持[55]。第一次会议于1946年1月10日在伦敦西敏卫理公会中央礼堂召开，有51个国家的代表参会[10]。
大会对于重要问题的投票需要到场且投票的三分之二多数才能通过。重要问题的例子包括关于和平和安全的建议、主要机构的选举、接纳、暂停和开除会员，以及预算事宜[56]。其他问题则由简单多数决定。每个国家只有一票。除预算事项外，通过的决议对于会员没有约束力。大会可以对联合国范围内的一切事项提出建议，但关于和平和安全的事项则属安全理事会考量
2.2
The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the United Nations can only make "recommendations" to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25.The decisions of the Council are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions.
The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and 10 non-permanent members—Argentina (term ends 2014), Australia (2014), Chad (2015), Chile (2015), Jordan (2015), Lithuania (2015), Luxembourg (2014), Nigeria (2015), Republic of Korea (2014), and Rwanda (2014).[59] The five permanent members hold veto power over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with member states voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis.[60] The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month.
安全理事会的职责是维护国家之间的和平与安全。联合国的其他主要机构只有对会员国提出“建议”的权利，而安理会则有权提出具有强制性的决议，在宪章第二十五条规定下，会员国必须接受并履行[58]。安理会的决议被称为联合国安全理事会决议。
安理会由15个会员国组成，其中包括5个常任理事国——中国、法国、俄罗斯、英国和美国——以及10个非常任理事国——阿根廷（2014年任期结束）、澳大利亚（2014年）、乍得（2015年）、智利（2015年）、约旦（2015年）、立陶宛（2015年）、卢森堡（2015年）、尼日利亚（2015年）、韩国（2015年）及卢旺达（2015年）[60]。其中五个常任理事国对于联合国决议具有否决权，因此常任理事国能够阻止一项决议的通过，但无法阻止讨论。十个非常任理事国任期两年，根据地域分配原则由大会从成员国中选出。安理会的主席每个月根据字母顺序进行轮换。
2.3
The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide.It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.
The Secretary-General acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the UN. The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organization's "chief administrative officer". The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, where the permanent members have veto power. the post shall be appointed on the basis of geographical rotation, and that the Secretary-General shall not originate from one of the five permanent Security Council member states.1
联合国秘书处由秘书长主持，由来自全球的公务人员协助运作[63]。它为联合国机构召开的会议提供研究、信息和设施，并根据安理会、大会、经社理事会和其他机构的指示进行工作。
现任秘书长潘基文秘书长在事实上是联合国的发言人和领导人。根据联合国宪章，这一职位是这一组织的“行政首长”。宪章第九十九条规定秘书长可将“其认为可能威胁国际和平及安全之任何事件”提请安理会注意，秘书长在安理会（具有否决权）进行推荐之后由大会进行任命[68]。这一职责没有具体的要求，但如今已形成惯例应有一至两个五年任期，应根据地区轮转任命，且不应来自安理会五大常任理事国。现任秘书长为潘基文，他在2007年接替了科菲·安南，并在此后获得连任，将于2016年年底结束任期.
2.4
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, in the Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the General Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different nation.
国际法院（ICJ）位于荷兰海牙，是联合国的主要司法机构，于1945年根据联合国宪章建立起来，并在1946年作为常设国际法院的继承者开始运行。国际法院由15名法官组成，法官任期9年，由大会任命，必须来自不同的国家
2.5
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, which are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC. The council has one annual meeting in July, held in either New York or Geneva. Viewed as separate from the specialized bodies it co-ordinates, ECOSOC's functions include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations.[74][75] Owing to its broad mandate of co-ordinating many agencies, ECOSOC has at times been criticized as unfocused or irrelevant.
联合国经济及社会理事会（ECOSOC）在推动国际经济和社会合作及发展方面对大会进行协助。经社理事会有54个成员国，由大会选出，任期三年。主席同样选举产生，任期一年，来自经社理事会中中等或较小的成员国。理事会每年7月召开一次会议，会议地点在纽约或是日内瓦。它的主要职责是收集信息、为会员国提供建议，与专门机构进行协调并提供建议
Specialized agencies
The UN Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfill its duties.Some of the best-known agencies are the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO).The UN performs most of its humanitarian work through these agencies. Examples include mass vaccination programmes (through WHO), the avoidance of famine and malnutrition (through the work of the WFP), and the protection of vulnerable and displaced people (for example, by UNHCR).
联合国宪章规定，联合国的主要机构可建立专门机构以履行其职责。最为人所知的机构包括国际原子能机构、粮食及农业组织、联合国教科文组织、世界银行以及世界卫生组织。联合国通过这些机构进行大部分的人道主义工作，其中包括大规模疫苗项目（通过WHO）、防止饥荒和营养不良（通过WFP）以及保护难民（如联合国难民署）。
3.Membership
With the addition of South Sudan on 14 July 2011, there are 193 United Nations member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City. In addition, there are two non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Palestine.The Cook Islands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognised by the Secretariat.
2011年7月14日南苏丹加入之后[81]，目前联合国总共有193个会员国，包括除梵蒂冈之外所有未受争议的独立国家. 此外，联合国大会中还有两个非会员观察员国家：圣座（对梵蒂冈拥有主权）和巴勒斯坦国[84]。库克群岛和纽埃两国皆是同新西兰自由联合的国家，是多个联合国专门机构的正式会员，秘书处承认它们的“完全缔约能力”
4. The Group of 77
The Group of 77 at the UN is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. Seventy-seven nations founded the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 133 member countries.The group was founded on 15 June 1964 by the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).联合国中的七十七国集团是一个发展中国家的松散联合，目标是促进其成员的共同经济利益和提升在联合国中的集体谈判能力。该集团最初由七十七个国家创立，但截至2013年11月其成员国数量已经扩展至133个。1964年6月15日，在联合国贸易和发展会议上发表了《七十七个国联合宣言》，正式宣布集团成立。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b92574277.html,nguages
联合国共有六种用于政府间会议和档的官方语言，分别为阿拉伯语、汉语（文字使用简体中文）、英语、法语、俄语和西班牙语。秘书处则使用英语和法语两种语言为工作语文。英语档应以英式用法和牛津拼写为准，汉字应以简体中文为准。正体中文在1971年中国代表权发生转移后（从中华民国到中华人民共和国）就已被取代。
6.Funds
The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member.
7. Objectives
7.1 Peacekeeping and security
The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by member states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed "Blue Helmets" for their distinctive gear.The peacekeeping force as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.
7.2 Human rights
One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights.
7.3 Economic development and humanitarian assistance
Another primary purpose of the UN is "to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character".[107] Numerous bodies have been created to work towards this goal, primarily under the authority of the General Assembly and ECOSOC.
联合国海洋法公约中英 文 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】
【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【分类】国际海事 【时效性】有效 【颁布时间】 【实施时间】 【发布部门】蒙特哥湾 目录 第Ⅰ部分用语和范围 第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区 第１节一般规定 第２节领海的界限 第３节领海的无害通过 第４节毗连区 第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡 第１节一般规定
第２节过境通行 第３节无害通过 第Ⅳ部分群岛国 第Ⅴ部分专属经济区 第Ⅵ部分大陆架 第Ⅶ部分公海 第１节一般规定 第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理 第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度 第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海 第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域” 第１节一般规定 第２节支配“区域”的原则 第３节“区域”内资源的开发 第４节管理局
第５节争端的解决和咨询意见 第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全 第１节一般规定 第２节全球性和区域性合作 第３节技术援助 第４节监测和环境评价 第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行 第７节保障办法 第８节冰封区域 第９节责任 第１０节主权豁免 第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究 第１节一般规定 第２节国际合作
第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进 第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任 第６节争端的解决和临时措施 第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让 第１节一般规定 第２节国际合作 第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作 第ＸＶ部分争端的解决 第１节一般规定 第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序 第３节适用第２节的限制和例外 第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定 第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款 附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）
模拟联合国立场文件英文稿 ----------------------------精品word文档值得下载值得拥有---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---- Delegate: Chen yuying，Chen chunhao, Liu chengyi School: No.2 Experimental School Country: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Committee: Disarmament and International Security Topic: Space Weaponisation 总结第10页的“背景” In 1967 the United Nations through the outer space convention clarify, any country can will any part of the space of for yourself, and at the same time, all countries should the peaceful use of space, space belongs to all mankind, no country has the right to deprive other countries outside the space development and utilization of peace rights. In 2004, the general assembly of the United Nations passed a resolution to 59, requires countries to take action to prevent an arms race in outer space. But American X37B air plane research and development success seems to become a prelude to the stationing of space. Does the United States, and promoting the national missile defense (NMD) system, and its basic
联合国 The United Nations was born out of the ashes of World War II and the failures of its predecessor, the League of Nations. At a conference in San Francisco in 1945, the organization’s charter was drawn up, seeking to foster a more peaceful world and promote and develop human rights. President Harry Truman told delegates there were many who doubted they could succeed because of their differences. But these differences were all forgotten in one unshakable unity of determination to find a way to end war. That October, the United Nations was officially established after 29 of its first 50 member states ratified the charter. Today, there are 193 member states. Michael Doyle, a former advisor to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, says the organization got off to a rocky start. During the Cold War, the split between the Soviet Union and the U.S. created an institution that was at loggerheads with itself. It could only work in the margins in peacekeeping, and those particular conflicts where the U.S. and Soviets wanted to take it off their own rivalry and let it work on the side. U.N. peacekeeping was born during this period. Growing from a couple thousand “blue helmets” addressing the Suez Crisis in 1956, to more than 100,000 soldiers and police today, peacekeepers protect civilians and aid workers in some of the world’s most dangerous trouble spots. un.jpg The U.N. also delivers humanitarian assistance to victims of war and disasters, and tries to prevent and resolve conflicts. More recently, it has taken on climate change and eradicating extreme poverty. The world is changing and the U.N. has to change and adapt with it. We cannot be static. Eight men have led the U.N. since 1945. Next year, a new secretary-general will be elected. Many say it is time for a woman. There also are calls for organizational reform, particularly in the Security Council, where five countries hold veto power.
Distinguisheddelegates, ladies and gentlemen, thanks for giving me the privilege to be the firs t speaker. I cannot begin today’s speech without reflecting on the criminal challenge so brutally thrown in our faces 28 days ago and on the severe threat of the Kilo virus to Germany and to the whole world. 尊敬的代表，女士们先生们，非常感谢得此机会成为第一位讲者。在开始今天的讲话之前，我无法不回想起28天前我们所遭遇的暴行，更不得不香气Kilo 病毒对德国乃至对全世界的严重威胁。 Today, 1167 Germans are dead or dying; infected people are estimated to be more than half a million. Today, the whole Germany has fallen into the desperation of fighting against the virus. Today is the 28th day after the Braunschweig crisis. 今天，1167为德国公民丧命或病危，染病人数预估超过超过50万。 今天，全德国已经陷入对抗疾病的境遇。 今天，是布伦瑞克遇袭的28天之后。 Twenty-eight days ago, more than 500 terrorists attacked Brauschweig. 37 policemen and 51 citizens died in this riot; thousands of people were wounded; buildings were burnt down; and the city was packed with tears, sadness and sorrows. Thanks to the brave men and women, it was their dedication and sacrifices that defended against the attack and protected the city. However, the situation became even worse after the attack.On that day, the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research also fell into ruins. Important experiments were disturbed and valuable documents were damaged. In the center, one of the most significant experiments was to modify the RNA sequence of the Kilo virus, which was designed to produce the vaccine. Nevertheless, our first experiment failed. What we got was merely a virus with longer incubation (5 days) and more aggressive behaviors of the patients. What’s worse, receptors of the new Kilo virus, namely 3 chimpanzees, which were supposed to be killed on the crisis day, disappeared in the fire. 35% of the research materials were burnt.It was believed that it was these chimpanzees that spread the virus to wounded citizens via blood. Since the Kilo carrier behaved absolutely normal during the incubation period, it was too late when we realized the situation and took corresponding measures. 28天前，逾500名恐怖分子袭击了布伦瑞克，37名警员及51位市民在暴动中丧命，数千名民众受伤，建筑物被烧毁：整个城市都充斥着泪水与悲伤。感谢英勇的人们，是你们的风险与牺牲守护了城市地月利息及。然而，袭击之后，情况仍旧愈演愈烈。在恐怖袭击当天，亥姆霍兹感染研究中心也沦为一片废墟：重要试验被迫打断，珍贵文书遭到摧毁。而该中心最为重要的一个实验则是通过修改Kilo病毒的RNA序列研制相应疫苗。然而，初次实验以失败告终。改变序列后的病毒只是潜伏期变为5天，患者发病后会变得更为残暴。更可怕的是，变异Kilo 病毒的接种实验体，也就是三只猩猩，原本应在布伦瑞克遇袭当天被处理掉，但却在大火中失去踪迹。不仅如此，研究文件仅剩65%。据悉，三只猩猩很可能是病毒传染源，通过血液传染给受伤的市民。由于Kilo病毒的携带者在潜伏期表现得与常人无异，当我们意识到形势之严峻时，采取相应举措为时已晚。
1．联合国主要机构及主要国际组织名称 General Assembly of the United Nations 联合国大会 International Court of Justice 国际法院 Security Council 安理会 UNDOF(United Nations Disengagement Observer Force) 联合国脱离接触观察员 部队 UNPKF(United Nations Peace-keeping Force) 联合国维和部队 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易总协定 ILO(International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织 FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization) 联合国粮食及农业组织UNESCO(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织 UNEP(United Nations Environment Programme) 联合国环境规划署 UNDP(United Nations Development Program) 联合国开发计划署 World Food Council 世界粮食理事会 UNCTD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易和发 展会议 WHO(World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织 IMF(International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际复兴开发银行 （世界银行） ICAO(International Civil Aviation Organization) 国际民用航空组织 UPU(Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟 WIPO(World International Property Organization) 世界知识产权组织 IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency) 国际原子能机构 UNHCR(Officer of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) 联合国难民事务高级专员处 ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 东南亚国际联盟，（“东盟”）Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦 EC(European Communities) 欧洲共同体 NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 北大西洋公约组织 OAU(Organization of African Unity) 非洲统一组织 OAS(Organization of American States) 美洲国家组织
【词汇】常用政治与行政术语英文翻译 ——————摘自知米背单词官方论坛 专八专四中常常会有一些政治类的文章，有些词汇分开认识，放在一起就傻眼了，那么我们来看看这些词汇吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 大家仅供参考：马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。“Three Represent’s”shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain
会长亲自整理模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照 来源：北航模联的日志 1. Ame ndme nt 修正案 2. Badge 胸卡 3 Deprive the right to rote 取消表决权 4. Chair 主席 5. Close the debate 结束辩论 6. Director会议指导 7. Delegate 代表 8. Deputy 副代表 9. Head Delegate代表团团长，领队 10. Faculty Advisor 代表团指导 11. Delegation Bloc 代表团 12. Distributio n 分发 13. Document officer文件分发人员 14. Drafti ng committee 起草委员会 15. Draft Resolution 决议草案 16. Draw lots 抽签 17. Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对(简单)多数选出 18. Emerge ncy meet ing 紧急会议 19. Enjoy privileges 享受特权 20. En try in to force 开始生效 21. Executive secretary 执行秘书 22. Exercise the right of vote 行使表决权 23. Expert 专家 24. Explain one ' rs)te对所投的票加以说明 25. Extend the term of office 延长任期 26. Extraordinary session 特另U会议 27. Fill a vacancy 补缺
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s” important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and
常用机构英文缩写 UN the United Nations 联合国 UNSG United Nations Secretary General联合国秘书长 CUN The Charter of the United Nations联合国宪章 UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 联合国艾滋病规划署 UNDP United nations Development programme 联合国开发计划署 UNEP United Nations Environment Programme联合国环境署 UNSC United Nations Security Council 联合国安全理事会 UNCF United Nations Children's Fund 联合国儿童基金会 UNCATD United nations conference on trade and development联合国贸易和发展大会CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会 UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 联合国环境与发展大会 UNESCO Unitde Nations Education ,Scientific and Culutral Organization 联合国教科文组织FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 联合国粮农组织UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization联合国工业发展组织UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities联合国人口活动基金 WFUNA World Federation of United Nations Associations 联合国协会世界联合会UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe联合国欧洲经济委员会UNOG United Nations Office in Geneva联合国日内瓦办事处 UNSF United Nations Special Fund联合国特别基金 UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund联合国资本开发基金会UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 联合国国际贸易法委员会 UNSF United Nations Security Force 联合国和平军队 WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 WMO World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织 WEO World Environmental Organization世界环境组织 WEO World Energy Outlook：世界能源展望 WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 WTO World Toilet Organisation世界厕所组织 WTO World Telecommunications Organization世界电信组织 WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织 WPC World Peace Council 世界和平理事会 WAIPA World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies世界投资促进机构协会WCED World Commission on Environment and Development世界环境与发展委员会WCO World Customs Organization世界海关组织 WEF World Education Fellowship：世界教育联谊会 WB World Bank世界银行 ACWW Associated Country Women of the World世界农村妇女协会 ITC International Trade Center世界贸易中心 IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织 ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross 国际红十字会 ISO International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织
模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照． 模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照会长亲自整理 北航模联的日志来源： 修正案1. Amendment .胸卡2. Badge
取消表决权Deprive the rote right to.3 ......................主席4. Chair 结束辩论the 5. Close debate 会议指导6. Director 代表7. Delegate 副代表8. Deputy
代表团团长，领队Delegate 9. Head 代表团指导10. Faculty Advisor .11. Delegation Bloc代表团 .12. Distribution 分发 人员文件分发officer 13. Document . 14. Drafting committee 起草委员会 15. Draft Resolution 决议草案 16. Draw lots 抽签 m17. Elect by an (a simple) absolute 以绝对（简单）多数选出ajority 紧急会议18. Emergency meeting
享受特权19. Enjoy privileges 开始生效20. Entry into force 执行秘书21. Executive secretary 行使表.vote the right of 22. Exercise 权 专家23. Expert
Explain 投的票加以说rote one's 对所24. .明 延长任期the term of office 25. Extend 特别会议session 26. Extraordinary 补缺vacancy 27. Fill a 最后报告report 28. Final 第一次投票表决29. First ballot 最优先项目30. First priority settings the 31. Fix the timetable of 安排各次会议的时间表 脚注32. Foot-note
国际民用航空公约 (1944年12月7日芝加哥) 序言 鉴于国际民用航空的未来发展对建立和保持世界各国之间和人民之间的友谊和了解大有帮助，而其滥用足以威胁普遍安全； 又鉴于有需要避免各国之间和人民之间的磨擦并促进其合作，世界和平有赖于此； 因此，下列各签署国政府议定了若干原则和办法，使国际民用航空得按照安全和有秩序的方式发展，并使国际航空运输业务得建立在机会均等的基础上，健康地和经济地经营；为此目的缔结本公约。 第一部分空中航行 第一章公约的一般原则和适用 第一条主权 缔约各国承认每一国家对其领土之上的空气空间享有完全的和排他的主权。第二条领土 本公约所指一国的领土，应认为是在该国主权、宗主权、保护或委任统治下的陆地区域及与其邻接的领水。 第三条民用航空器和国家航空器 一、本公约仅适用于民用航空器，不适用于国家航空器。 二、用于军事、海关和警察部门的航空器，应认为是国家航空器。 三、一缔约国的国家航空器，未经特别协定或其他方式的许可并遵照其中的规定，不得在另一缔约国领土上空飞行或在此领土上降落。
四、缔约各国承允在发布关于其国家航空器的规章时，对民用航空器的航行安全予以应有的注意。 第三条分条 注: 一九八四年五月十日，大会决定修正芝加哥公约，增加第三条分条。该条尚未生效。 一、缔约各国承认，每一国家必须避免对飞行中的民用航空器使用武器，如拦截，必须不危及航空器内人员的生命和航空器的安全。此一规定不应被解释为在任何方面修改了联合国宪章所规定的各国的权利和义务。 二、缔约各国承认，每一国家在行使其主权时，对未经允许而飞越其领土的民用航空器，或者有合理的根据认为该航空器被用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的，有权要求该航空器在指定的机场降落；该国也可以给该航空器任何其他指令，以终止此类侵犯。为此目的，缔约各国可采取符合国际法的有关规则，包括本公约的有关规定，特别是本条第一款规定的任何适当手段。每一缔约国同意公布其关于拦截民用航空器的现行规定。 三、任何民用航空器必须遵守根据本条第二款发出的命令。为此目的，每一缔约国应在本国法律或规章中作出一切必要的规定，以便在该国登记的、或者在该国有主营业所或永久居所的经营人所使用的任何航空器必须遵守上述命令。每一缔约国应使任何违反此类现行法律或规章的行为受到严厉惩罚，并根据本国法律将这一案件提交其主管当局。 四、每一缔约国应采取适当措施，禁止将在该国登记的、或者在该国有主营业所或永久居所的经营人所使用的任何民用航空器肆意用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的。这一规定不应影响本条第一款或者与本条第二款和第三款相抵触。
The United Nations: The Promise of Peace An Introduction to the Lecture and to Note-Taking A. Pre-listening Activities PREVIEW OF CONTENT Many people already know what the United Nations Organization is and where it is located, but how many know when and why it was first planned? In this lecture the answers to these questions are explored, and some recent statistics about its operating budget are given. PREVIEW OF VOCABULARY Before you listen to the lecture on the United Nations, it will be helpful to preview some of the vocabulary and sentences that are used in the lecture. You will first be given several vocabulary items in isolation. Below each group of items are sentence definitions for each. You are to fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary items from the list. Use your dictionary if necessary to select the correct item for each sentence definition/ After you have worked through the Preview of Vocabulary, you will be given the Preview of Sentences. The highlighted vocabulary words are presented in the same context in which they are used in the lecture. Pledge headquarters charter 1. The main office of an organization is its 2. To promise sincerely is to 3. The constitution of the United Nations Organization is known as its lend philanthropist nuclear weapons budget 4. To give money on the condition that it be repaid at a later date is to money. 5. A is a very rich person who gives money for good causes, such as education and medical research. 6. A is a list of income and expenses for a certain period of time. 7. Instruments of war that use atomic energy are known as . PREVIEW OF SENTENCES Here are some of the sentences you will encounter in the lecture. 1. The United Nations headquarters is in the United States, in New York City. 2.In 1944 twenty-six countries pledged to continue to fight against Germany and Italy in World WarⅡ. 3. The charter of the U.N. was formally signed by fifty countries in October of 1945 in San Francis co, California. 4. In 1950 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the well-known oil millionaire and philanthropist, gave the Unit ed Nations Organization a section of land in New York City. 5. The United States government lent the U.N. $65 million to construct a building to house the int ernational organization. 6. The United Nations budget now totals more than $450 million per year. 7. It is so vital, so really necessary, that countries settle disputes or disagreements in this day of w orld-wide nuclear weapons.